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Business PLAN

Business Innovation Technology Management (Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture

and Technology)

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BUSINESS PLAN

RAHISI CEREALS
STORES

P. O BOX 996-20100, Nairobi

TEL: 0700339045

EMAIL: francisndungu@gmail.com

PRESENTED BY : FRANCIS NDUNGU

INDEX NUMBER : HDE222-C007-0074/2019

PRESENTED TO

DATE OF PRESENTATION : July, 2022

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this business plan is my original work. I also affirm that it has not been
presented to this institution or any other college for academic purposes, or for any other purpose.

Name : FRANCIS MBUGUA NDUNGU

Reg No: HDE222-0074/2019

Signature : ………………………………………..

Date : ………………………....................................

This business plan has been submitted to Jomo Kenyatta university of agriculture and technology
with my permission as the trainee’s supervisors

Name :

Signature: …………………………………………..

Date : ………………………………………………..

DEDICATION
I dedicate this business plan to my family members:

You gave me a reason to study hard.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am very grateful to the almighty God for giving me good health, guidance, and the strength to
do my business plan work. My sincere thanks also go to my parents for their moral, social and
financial support during writing of the business plan..

Thanks to my business plan supervisor, for guidance and support during the business plan.

May God Bless you all.

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CONTENTS
DEDICATION.............................................................................................................................................2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...........................................................................................................................2
CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................3
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................5
1.1. Business description....................................................................................................................5
1.2. Marketing Plan............................................................................................................................5
1.3. Organizational and Management Plan.........................................................................................5
1.4. Operational plan..........................................................................................................................5
1.5. Financial Plan..............................................................................................................................5
2. BUSINESS DISCRIPTION.................................................................................................................6
2.1. PERSONAL BACKGROUND..................................................................................................6
2.2. INVOLVEMENT OF THE BUSINESS....................................................................................6
2.3. NATURE OF THE BUSINESS.................................................................................................6
2.4. NAME OF THE BUSINESS.....................................................................................................7
2.5. BUSINESS LOCATION AND ADDRESS...............................................................................7
2.6. COMMENCEMENT OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS............................................................8
2.7. INDUSTRY..............................................................................................................................10
2.8. ENTRY AND GROWTH STRATEGY..................................................................................10
2.9. JUSTIFICATION OF THE BUSINESS.................................................................................11
2.10. GOALS OF THE BUSINESS..............................................................................................12
CHAPTER THREE...................................................................................................................................12
3. MARKETING PLAN........................................................................................................................12
3.1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................12
3.2. Marketing area.........................................................................................................................12
3.3. Customers.................................................................................................................................13
3.4. COMPETITORS.....................................................................................................................13
3.5. MARKETING SHARE...........................................................................................................15
3.6. PROMOTION..........................................................................................................................16
3.7. DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY...............................................................................................18
CHAPTER FOUR.....................................................................................................................................19

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4. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN...........................................................................19

4.1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................19
4.2. BUSINESS MANAGER AND QUALIFICATIONS.............................................................20
4.3. PERSONNEL, NUMBER AND DUTIES..............................................................................21
4.4. RECRUITMENT, TRAINING AND PROMOTIONAL PROGRAM.................................22
4.5. LICENSES, PERMITS AND BI-LAWS.................................................................................23
4.6. SUPPORTIVE PROFESSIONAL AND SERVICES.............................................................23
4.7. REMUNERATION AND INCENTIVES:..............................................................................24
CHAPTER FIVE.......................................................................................................................................26
5. PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONAL PLAN.................................................................................26
5.1. PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND CAPACITIES..............................................................26
5.2. PRODUCTION STRATEGY..................................................................................................31
5.3. REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE BUSINESS OPERATIONS......................................33
5.4. ESTIMATED DAILY SALES.................................................................................................33
CHAPTER SIX.........................................................................................................................................34
6. FINANCIAL PLAN..........................................................................................................................34
6.1. ASSUMPTIONS......................................................................................................................34
6.2. PRE-OPERATIONAL COSTS...............................................................................................35
6.3. RAHISI CEREALS STORES BALANCE SHEET..............................................................36
6.4. BREAK-EVEN LEVELS........................................................................................................38
6.5. PROFITABILITY RATIO......................................................................................................40
6.6. PROPOSED CAPITALIZATION..........................................................................................40
6.7. DESIRED FINANCING..........................................................................................................40
6.8. RETURN ON EQUITY...........................................................................................................40
6.9. RETURN ON INVESTIMENT..............................................................................................41
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................41
APPENDIX...............................................................................................................................................42

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CHAPTER ONE

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1. Business description

This business will operate under the name Rahisi Cereals Stores and will be situated section 58.
It operate as a sole proprietor by francis mbugua ndungu as the Proprietor .The Proposed
Business’ address will be P.o Box 996-20100,Nakuru ; and will use owner’s phone number
0700339045 for communication. It will commence on 1st January, 2023. The main activity of the
business will be selling of various types of cereals.

1.2. Marketing Plan

The business potential customers will include the dwellers of section 58, various cafes and food
kiosk owners. The business is also going to face two competitors namely; Gatitu Cereals Stores
and Tumaini Grains stores.

1.3. Organizational and Management Plan

The business will be managed by various personnel, in their various sections. The owner will be
the overall boss assisted by the deputy manager who will also check on the shortcomings of the
enterprise and give solutions in absence of the general manager. All the accounts will be under
the cashier who will control credits, keep books of accounts and receive payments and
information on behalf of the business.

1.4. Operational plan

This business will need balances, bicycles, sieves, masks aprons, shelves etc. It will also require
stock from Wikwatyo farm which also provides the transport services. The store will be rented at
a cost of Ksh. 3000 PER MONTH. There will be regulations affecting the running of the
business.

1.5. Financial Plan

The business requires a capital of four hundred thousand Shillings [400,000].The entrepreneur
will raise three hundred thousand Shillings [300,000], in form of owners’ equity. The remaining
hundred thousand Shillings [100,000] will be borrowed from cooperative bank of Kenya.

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CHAPTER TWO

2. BUSINESS DISCRIPTION
2.1. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

The business will be operated and managed by Francis Ndungu, who is currently taking
Degree in procurement and contract management. The business will commence its operations
in the year 2023 January 1st. This will be possible because the owner will have accumulated
enough capital, will have acquired enough entrepreneur skills and also will have discovered
there is unemployment in Kenya, hence creating employment.

2.2. INVOLVEMENT OF THE BUSINESS

The business will be involved in selling cereals of different varieties and prices according to
quality and quantity of the product. These will include maize, beans, peas, cow peas, flour,
sugar rice, etc. This will be done purposely to satisfy customers and win them from the
exciting competitors hence maximizing profits and allowing expansion of the business in
future.

2.3. NATURE OF THE BUSINESS

The business will run under Sole Proprietorship at the start up stage because of the following:

 It is easy to raise capital from personal savings

 Decision making is easy
 Easy to control and manage the business
 The secrets of business are kept

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 The owner enjoys all the benefits alone

 The owner becomes the boss of the business, and an employee
 The owner has direct contact with customers and gets their views about the business

2.4. NAME OF THE BUSINESS

The business will operate under the name Rahisi Cereals Stores. At the start up stage it shall
be only one branch but more branches will be opened two years after opening of the
business.
 Availability of capital from the existing business
 Increased demand for cereals for cereals in the area
 High rate of growth of food industry which rely on cereals

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2.5. BUSINESS LOCATION AND ADDRESS

a) Location

Rahisi Cereal Stores shall be located in section 58 a few kilometers from Nairob-Nakuru
highway, in the tallest flat painted blue in the ground floor, the 1st room on your right as
shown in the map below.

Nakuru high school

To NAIROBI Nyahururu turnoff

To nyahururu

Kunste hotel

Section 58

RAHISI CEREALS STORES

Home choice Supermarket

b) Address

The business will operate under the following address

RAHISI CEREALS STORES

P.O.BOX 996-2100

NAKURU

Tel.0700339045

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2.6. COMMENCEMENT OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS

The business will commence its operations in the year 2023 January 1st due to the following
reasons

i. The owner will have accumulated enough capital through personal savings.
ii. The owner will have had enough time to do market research and acquired essential legal
documents like licenses.
iii. The owner would have proved that there is unemployment in Kenya.
iv. The owner would have completed her course and would not like to stay idle with her
entrepreneur skills.
v. The operator will have discovered the need of the cereal products in the market and they
are needed by customers and yet not available in the market.
2.6.1 Products and services to be offered:

Rahisi Cereals Stores will offer all types of cereals like maize, sugar, flour, beans, of all variety
e.g. wairimu, mwezi mmoja, rosecocoa, mwitemania, rice, peas, cowpeas and many others.

This will be of the best quality which will be very expensive and others of low quality that will
be cheap for the lower class customers. There will this provision of different qualities and
quantities. The business will provide transport to the customer’s premises when they make orders
for the product or they buy in bulk, e.g. half a sack or more at go. The cereals will be the best in
that;

i. They will be free from weevils through additional of pesticides in the sacks.
ii. They will be sieved and selected to remove chuff and stones.
iii. They will be of pure strain i.e. not maize with some beans or millet

In addition the entire business staff will ensure that their customers get the best products and
services at the most affordable prices; and that they will be offering individual attention to
customers.

2.6.2 Business rules and regulations

Rahisi cereals stores shall have the following rules for the effective customer relations

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i. The owner of the business, as a customer would expect and demand good services,
provided the same for the customers.
ii. Never overlook or underestimate the importance of effective customer relations
iii. Always be positive and enthusiastic
iv. Treat each customer with royalty
v. Communication must be open, honest and prompt
vi. Ensure customer satisfaction through fulfilling his needs and solving his problems
vii. The customer is always right.

2.7. INDUSTRY

Rahisi cereals Stores falls under foods’ products industry which is rapidly growing up according
to the information got by research from Ministry of Agriculture and Environment conservation.

The climatic ecological condition in Kenya as a whole are favorable for growing of crops hence
continuous supply of grains. With rapid growth of hotels, cereals demands seem to increase with
time.

Future of the industry

With increased rural to urban migration the population of Nairobi seems to increase rapidly. Due
to unemployment those unemployed will get their cheaply available meals from the kiosk and
cafes hence growth of cereals stores. The industry seems to grow also because of the prevailing
climatic conditions which favor growth of the plants and on getting good harvests, the crops are
sold at a very low price like Njoro,kuresoi North and south,Rongai, maize goes at SHS 40 per
kg, immediately after harvesting, boasting the business.

2.8. ENTRY AND GROWTH STRATEGY

The business will enter the market through the following strategies;

i. Collecting all legal documents like licenses

ii. Pay the initial rent and furnishing the rooms as well as writing the name of the
business and what it offers on the doors.

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iii. Creating awareness; this will be made possible by putting posters in some strategic
areas indicating the location and variety of products offered.
iv. Pricing; the business shall offer low prices than its competitors to attract more
customers
v. Attraction market; this will be achieved through promotional techniques e.g. free
samples.

Growth will be developed on demand on cereals products. A customer being the base line of
every successful business, he will determine the growth of the business. Growth will also
depend on entrepreneur’ public relations and the following professional ethics:

i. Cleanliness (personal hygiene and the working area)

ii. Punctuality. Opening at the right time without delay
iii. Interest and efforts Ability to keep on trying something upon a point of success.
iv. Self-organization of the working place
v. Co-operation and team-work spirit. Have interest with others, assist and don’t be
selfish.
vi. Self-control. Control your temper, use diplomatic way of approach and know how
to solve the problem
vii. Responsibility. Take duties seriously. All this will contribute to growth and
diversification of the business to even other forms of business

2.9. JUSTIFICATION OF THE BUSINESS

The researches carried on the area justify the suitability of the area for the intended type of the
business. This is due to the following reasons;

i. Market: There is customer and industrial market in the area

ii. Demand: There is increased demand in the area because of high population of the
middle class people
iii. Availability of social amenities e.g. hospital, school e.t.c.

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iv. Good transport and communication network

2.10. GOALS OF THE BUSINESS

a) Maximize profit and satisfy customers
b) Cope with market demand after the six months on starting
c) Win customers
d) Provide the best and quality products and service to customers
e) To be self-reliant
f) To expand market share by 30% through opening other branches.

CHAPTER THREE

3. MARKETING PLAN
3.1. INTRODUCTION

Marketing is created awareness of a good or service that already exists in the market, or being
hoped to be put in the market soon that the customer may be made aware of it.

Marketing creates direct flow of the product from the entrepreneur to customers in order to
achieve business objectives and targeting areas.

3.2. Marketing area

Marketing areas will be selected according to the availability of market targeted by the business.
For example, since this shop is a cereal shop, the targeted market should be availability of many
food cafes and kiosks and where income of people is really low. The business area will also

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depend on the status of the market: that is; is the business growing, declining, or stable are their
potential customers and is the product needed while not available.

At startup the business shall target the slums starting with section 58 and later go to open a
branch in other areas such as Naka, Bondeni, whitehouse and even free area

3.3. Customers

The targeted customers will be grouped according to their potentiality of buying. This grouping
will depend on various factors like income, social class, economic activity in the area and
traditional belief and practices. These groups include:

3.3.1. Industry Customers

These are customers who buy goods to go and produce others. They include those customers in
slums owning food kiosks, because most of the customers for food in kiosks are prefer eating
from kiosks which is cheaper.

The kiosks owners will buy in large quantities all the variety of cereals that they are in need of
creating

3.3.2. Commercial Customers

These customers buy products for sale at a profit. This will be possible because when there are
good rains in the country, food is cheaply sold therefore the cereals will buy in high qualities and
stock for sale when food is scare at a whole sale price to the nearby cereals shop around.

3.3.3. Final Customers

These are the final users of the products. Most of the people in slums if not taking food from
kiosks, make their own food in the house especially githeri.

3.4. COMPETITORS

There are two main competitors who are really active and take 70% of the market share and are
located in section 58, but since they opened (after four years of operation) they have never
improved/opened other branches.

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The main competitors are

(a) Gatitu stores

i. Address
P.O BOX 189/20100
Nairobi

ii. Location
It will be located at section 58, near Naka Wholesalers, a few meters from shopping
center.

iii. Strength
 It’s widely known
 Have excellent customer services
 Offer sales services e.g. transport
 Provide all types of cereals to their customers
 Don’t argue with customers in case of a problem
 They have established good customer relations
 They sell quality and clean products

iv. Weakness
 Lack packing facilities
 Dirty and disorganized workers e.g. dirty aprons
 Employees steal from customers when weighing and packing and customers discover
on reaching that it is a kilogram less or ½ kg less etc.
 Little stock
 Offer a bit higher prices.

(b) Tumaini Grain Stores

i. Address
P.O BOX 19946/20100
Nakuru

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ii. Location
It’s located just behind home choice supermarket a few meters from matatu
terminus.
iii. Strengths
 It is highly stocked
 Use direct channel of distribution
 Has a personal car for personal selling
iv. Weaknesses
 Have no specific working hours. It may be opened or closed any time.
 Offer substandard customer services
 Sell dirty grains

To push competition out of market, Rahisi Cereals Stores will use the following strategies:

Offering of competitive prices which shall match with quality of the product i.e. in kg of
maize@Ksh. 10.00 In other cereal shops, Rahisi’s will be @ Ksh 9.50.
It shall be opened from 8.00am to 9.00 pm, from Monday to Saturday
Quality products will be offered
The grains will also be clean
Maintaining customer relationship
Distribution goods to customers once an order has been made at the right time and in the
right quality and quantity
Collecting views from customers about their feeling towards the goods and if they need
any change.
Employing highly skilled personnel i.e. a diploma holder in Sales and marketing.

3.5. MARKETING SHARE

According to research done, the competitors take 50% of date in the total market area. Rahisi
Cereals Stores will occupy 40% at the start up with a vision of increasing its market share up to
60%. This will be achieved through proper marketing mix, which includes;

 Proper pricing

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 Efficient and reliable channel of distribution

 Providing high quality products

This will be done with an aim of maintaining and improving market share, meeting competition,
maximizing profits, achieving targets return on investment and for survival.

The influence of Rahisi Cereals Stores, the market shares will be as following in the charts
below.

Competitors

Unexploited

Current Market Rahisi Cereals Stores at start up

Competitors

Unexploited

Rahisi Cereals Stores with time

3.6. PROMOTION

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This will be done purposely to create awareness to the customers of the new food stores in the
areas. It will include:

 Giving free samples

 Reducing prices
 Packaging in good paper bags
 Education on those who have no ideas on the product

This will be achieved through:

(a) Personal selling

This will be done by being directly in contact with customers and concaving them that our
products are only the best in terms of quality, tests and preferences. The customer will give
views.
(b) Advertising
This will be done through sign posts placed in different places showing the price list of our
products and the variety of goods offered. It will also show location of the business.
(c) Public relations
Rahisi cereals stores will contribute in sponsoring Bondeni slum because it belongs to the low
income earners It will also provide;
 Good customer relations
 Always be positive and enthusiastic
 Treat each customer as Loyalty
 Have open, honest and prompt communication
 Fulfill customer’s needs and solve their problems courteously and promptly
 Always appealing for sympathy i.e. Don’t lose temper solving a problem
 Customer is always loyal, when overtime he has received, consisted, prompt and
courteous service.

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3.7. DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY

Since cereals are not perishable, any channel of distribution can be used to distribute goods. The
business shall use a direct channel of distribution which will be very short and no middle men
shall be involved.

From the farmer or cereals and produce board, which will be the supplier, the cereals will be
transported to the business premises for sale to customers or to other retailer who will also sell to
customers as shown below.

Producer Retail/whole seller

FARMER/CEREAL RAHISI
BOARD
CEREAL SHOP RETAILERS

CUSTOMERS

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CHAPTER FOUR

4. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

4.1. INTRODUCTION

In the organization of a business, several individuals with certain qualifications that suit the
business shall be employed to take responsibilities in the hayrack manner. Those in the top
position will guide and control those below them in operating the business.

a. Organization Chart

At the start up, the business will take the organization structure style as shown in the chart
below:

Managing Director/
General Manager

Deputy General Manager

Marketing Manager

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CASHIER Cleaners & Watchman
Massagers
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b. Management Technology

The business managers shall perform the following duties

i. Making decisions
ii. Making policies
iii. Planning
iv. Directing and controlling business operations
v. Determining salaries
vi. Employing, recruiting, promoting and demoting employees
4.2. BUSINESS MANAGER AND QUALIFICATIONS

The business managers shall be controlling all business operations and activities.

Qualifications:

 Has a degree in procurement and contract management

 Have leadership and communication skills

 Shall be having a working experience of two years in a recognized institution

 Should be married and aged above 25 years

 Should be creative and ambitious

 Should be a Christian (Born again)

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 Should be faithful and responsible

4.3. PERSONNEL, NUMBER AND DUTIES

The business at startup will have eight personnel though it expects to employ more as the
business grows to diversity. The qualifications of these personnel are as shown in the
organization chart below:

S/n Personnel Number Qualification Duties and responsibility

1 Managing 1 Degree in Job description
Director procurement and Employing new employee
contract Decision making
management
2 Deputy 1 Has managerial Evaluating
General skills and interviewing employees
Manager Check on the business shortcomings
Give solutions in Director’s absence
3 Marketing 1 Diploma in sales & Promotional tools
Manager marketing Coordinating
Research program
4 Cashier 1 K.A.T.C holder Receiving payment on behalf of the
business
Controlling credit
Keep business documents
5 Massagers 2 Certificate in sales Taking orders from customers
Cleaning the grains/ sorting
Distributing goods with bicycles
Weigh cereals

6 Cleaner 1 Std 8 leaver Cleaning

faithful business premises
7 Watch 1 Maasai by tribe Protecting

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man Faithful business premises both at day & night

energetic

4.4. RECRUITMENT, TRAINING AND PROMOTIONAL PROGRAM

a) Training

Training will familiarize the workers with the job and give them all the basic skills like
communication, public relations, and technical skills in order to have the knowledge of the
product and how to maintain the facilities available. It will also enable them to:

 Have confidence and enthusiasm when dealing with customers.

 Learn from the competitors mistakes in order to help in correcting our mistakes.
 Borrow ideas from others especially sales representatives, distributors, customers
suppliers and competitors
 Use competitors as their lever

The business managers will do this training within business premises. The employees will also
be allowed to attend seminars for more skills outside the business premises

b) Recruitment

This will be done to identify the right and qualified workforce for the business. It will be done in
different ways like:

 Interviewing both oral and written

 Looking at the certificate on application to know the level of education
 Age
 Size of the family (dependants)
 Sex
 Physical examination and medical examination of the person
This is also aimed at evaluating the performance of the employee resulting to promotion of the
best and demotion of some who did not do well.
This process is also aimed at improving the productivity of the business.
c) Promotion

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Workers and any other employee in the business who will work hard towards the success of the
business shall be rewarded, promoted and given other priorities depending on how much the
work was done; and to promote encouragement to the rest who are not rewarded. An end of year
party shall be held in the premises. The best potential customer shall also be invited to the part

4.5. LICENSES, PERMITS AND BI-LAWS

(a) License

This allows the business to operate within the town center. It will be obtained at Nakuru County
licensing office, in Governors block B.

Before getting a license the business will be registered at huduma center in Kenyatta Avenue
Nakuru After registration, the business will get a license @ Ksh. 8000 and is renewed on a
yearly basis.

(b) Bi-laws

The business will use the following bi-laws during its operations:

Install alarms for security especially against theft.

Ensure good ventilation and drainage of the store.

Preserve grains with authorized chemicals to kill weevils.

Sorting and sieving grains to remove stones, rotten grains, and chaff to sell clean products

Install at least a fire extinguisher to cater for any fire outbreak.

4.6. SUPPORTIVE PROFESSIONAL AND SERVICES

The business shall rely on the following supportive services for its successful operations:

i. Banking

The business shall bank its money with cooperative bank of Kenya at Kenyatta Avenue in
Nakuru, Po Box 198698 Nakuru This will provide security of the business money and it earns
some interest.

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ii. Advertising

At the start up the business will not afford to advertise using radios and television but will use
sign posts for advertisement. As the business grows, it will use KCB because it is the cheapest
and reaches a wide area.

The advertisement will be done in KCB menengai near victory furniture Kenyatta Avenue

iii. Insurance

When the business will have grown a bit, it will insure its premises and assets, storks and other
equipment against fire and theft risk. This will give the business security and hope of continuity
in case of break of this risk. The business will insure with AMACO Insurance Company,. The
insurance goes for Ksh. 30000 per year.

iv. Electricity

Electricity will be supplied and managed by the Kenya Power and lighting Company. The bill is
paid according to the amount of electricity used. The bill will be paid through the branches of
Kenya Power and Lighting Company.

Water

The NAWASCO shall cater for water supply in the premises. This shall be paid also according to
the water used. Then bill shall be paid through NAWASCO, P.O Box 30656 Nakuru.

4.7. REMUNERATION AND INCENTIVES:

The business shall use the following remunerations:
(a) Allowances

All employees will enjoy transport and medical allowances Ksh. 1000 for each employee and
this will cater for their transport back home as well as their medical status.

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(b) Salary schedule:

The salaries shall vary with one’s position and responsibilities as shown in the table below:

s/n personnel Monthly pay Allowance[Ksh] Net pay

without [Ksh]
allowance[Ksh]
1 M/Director 13,000 1,000 14000
2 G/Manager 10,000 1,000 11000
3 Mkt. Manager 8,000 1,000 9000
4 Cashier 6,000 1,000 7000
5 Massager-2 10,000 2,000 12000
6 Cleaner 5,000 1,000 6000
watchman 4,000 1,000 5000
TOTAL 64000
(c) Incentives

The employee shall enjoy the following incentives in the business as a way of motivating
them.

(d) Off duties and leave

Each employee except the watchman and cleaner shall be given off duties every two weeks a
day (once in two weeks) one person at a time. In case of sickness one shall get sick-off. Each
person will go a two weeks paid leave in a year. They will also not work on holidays.

(e) Parties

There shall be an annual party for the employees and the best customer at the end of the year
will be awarded and even the most frequent potential customer.

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CHAPTER FIVE

5. PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONAL PLAN

5.1. PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND CAPACITIES

At the start up, the business shall operate with the locally available machine and technologies.
These technologies will be cheap to purchase, easy to maintain and use effectively.

This will be the bases for advanced technology. The following equipment and stationeries shall
be used for running the business.

s/n Equipment Qty Supplier Cost (Ksh) Use

1 Balance 3 Jumbo supp. 9,000 weighing
2 Bicycles 2 Lieys 7,000 Transport
3 Furniture
Tables 2 Sam entep 1,000 Placing weighing
balances
Chairs 2 ;; 600 For cashier
Cabinets 1 ;; 2,000 Office documents
Wooden bars 12 ;; 800 Placing bags
Shelves 1 ;; 500 Placing packed
cereals
Wooden sieves 1 ;; 750 Sieving grains
4 Stationary
Files 4 Uchumi supp. 140 Keeping records
Receipts books 2 ;; 150 Showing
purchases
Calculators 1 ;; 300 Doing
calculations
Biro pens 1pkt ;; 500 writing
Paper bags [big] 1pkt ;; 200 packaging
Paper punch 1 ;; 120 Punching file
papers
Small paper 1pkt ;; 23 packaging
bags

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5.1.1. STOCK

s/n Item Qty Supplier Cost [Ksh] Use

1 Maize 10 bags Wikwatyo farm 4,500 sale
2 Beans ;; ;;
Mwitamania 5bags ;; 4,500 ;;
Nyayo 5bags ;; 4,500 ;;
Mwezi mmoja 2 Bags ;; 3,600 ;;
Wairimu 2 Bags ;; 2,500 ;;
Rose cocoa 2 Bags ;; 2,500 ;;
French beans 1 Bag ;; 2,500 ;;
Muthokoi 5 Bags ;; 3,600 ;;
Soko maize 3,500 Capwell millers 3,375 ;;
flour
Wimbi flour 1 Bag Hindu millers 4,680 ;;
Ndengu 4 Bags Wikwatyo farm 1,250 ;;
Cow peas 5 Bags ;; 14,,400 ;;
Peas 2 Bags ;; 6,400 ;;
Mumias sugar 4 Bags Kiagosaba w/sellers 8,000 ;;
Rice 4 Bags ;; 10,800 ;;
Wheat flour 4 Bags ;; ;;
3 Others
Aprons 2 Uchumi supp 1,000 Protection
Mouth mask 2 ;; 40 protection

The total number of bags = Ksh 59

Total cost of grains Ksh 82955

Total cost of facilities Ksh 24123

TOTAL COST Ksh 10778

5.1.2. FACILITIES
I. Capital

The business source of finance will be from three sources

 Personal savings 200,000

 Owners’ equity 100,000

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 Bank loan 100,000

 Total 400,000
a) Personal savings

The operator of the business will have worked for three years after which she shall save up to
300,000 as personal savings. This will be used for startup cost like:

 Paying rent
 Initial capital
 Purchasing fitting
 Advertising
 Paying first month salary after opening and paying for other legal documents
b) Friend’s contribution and loan from the bank

Friend’s contribution and loan from the bank will cater for the following startup cost

 Furniture and equipment

 Deposit for rent
 Business license and permits
 Legal fees
 Beginning inventory
 Advertisement for glad opening
 Operational expenses e.g. supplies

II. Labor

The business will have a capacity of 8 laborers at the start up. They would require Ksh 64,000
per month as salary. They will be providing both skilled and unskilled labor. They will also have
the following skill

 Communication skills in order to transfer information in a networking area.

 Managerial skills in order to control business resources e.g. machine, money, and
other materials.

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 Entrepreneurial skills in order to evaluate risk and be able to generate ideas.

 Technical skills. This will help them to have knowledge of the product and its
maintenance

Unskilled laborers will be used for loading and unloading bags, cleaning stores and business
premises. The worker will be motivated through; being paid on time as well as overtime hours.

III. Materials

This will include stock which includes maize, beans, peas, cowpeas, sugar, and flour. These
must be stored in a leak proof roof, well ventilated and drained room to avoid rotting and
destruction by rodents e.g. rats and mice

Other materials will include; receipt book, files, pens, etc. packaging material will also be
used during operation. This will cost the business Ksh. 96,038 at the start up. The materials
will be well managed to cut down costs of production.

IV. Social amenities:

The business will depend upon the following social amenities for the proper running of its
operations:

 Phone: There will be owners phone at the cashiers’ office and the cost will be catered
for by the owner until when the business will pick up to afford to pay its own phone
[landline], and pay for its bills.
 Water: This will be supplied by the Nairobi city council and the bills will be paid
monthly according to the amount used. it is well treated water
 Hospital: There are three hospitals surrounding the business premises. They include;
provide health care [NGO], ANNEX hospital and WAR MEMORIAL Nursing
Home
 Schools: There are many schools in the area including colleges and secondary schools
beside primary schools. These include NAKURU HIGH SCHOOL, NAKURU
GIRLS and LION PRIMARY.
V. Premises

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The business will operate in SECTION 58 three. Business premises measures 10 meters wide
and 12 meters as length. The rooms will be divided into 4 rooms as shown below

5m 1m 6m

1m OFFICE OFFICE 4M
RECEPTION

1M
TEA ROOM MAIN STORE [GRAIN STORE]

5M

4M 1M 7M

VI. Technology

At start up the business will use the cheapest and most available technology; i.e. calculator for
making work easier other than use of pen and paper. As business grows, a computer will be
bought so that all transactions are entered for references. Also for further storage of information
and for efficiency hence reducing human errors

5.2. PRODUCTION STRATEGY

Rahisi Cereals stores shall use production techniques to develop products finishing and
packaging products. It will then finally estimate distributing costs, putting into mind “Customer
Care” and the attributes preferred of the products by the customer.

The business shall follow the criteria as shown below

1. Determining the product market within which a market research will be

conducted

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2. Determine the importance of the product in the area

3. Presenting those attributes in a configuration perceived by the customer

4. Developing a model relating to customer’s preferences and tastes. This

development will be done by different personnel in different hours using
different equipment in order to suit the market as shown below

s/n Task Equipment Personnel Time [Hrs.]

1 Determining market for Bicycle Director 8hrs
the product within which
to conduct market
research
2 Identifying important Pen/papers for Director 3hrs
attributes/qualities noting the
quality
3 Present product qualities Chart, Director 5hrs
in a configuration pens/pencils
perceived by the
customers
4 Developing model Sieves Employees 6hrs
relating to customers
preference and tastes if
grains should be fresh,
easy to cook to safe
charcoal

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5.3. REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE BUSINESS OPERATIONS

External regulations (Government)
 The business must have a trading license
 The business must have a required permits
 Each employee must have an identification card to show that he/she is an employee with
your business
 The business must have a record showing all their facilities and equipment, stock and
their source.
Internal regulations:
 All the employees must report at seven (7:00 am) in the morning as the business opens.
 Any employee must have permission from the manager wherever not at work.
 Any problem or proposal facing workers must be reported and handled immediately by
the personal manager.
 Any misconduct should be punishable e.g. stealing from customer; the employee will be
given a compulsory leave without pay and later on sacked. For minor cases like
breakages, one should be cautioned.
5.4. ESTIMATED DAILY SALES

Item Daily Cost/ba 80% Selling Selling Sold Total

custome g prf/bag price/bag cost/kg Qty/day sale/day
r
Maize 5 450 360 810 9 20kg 180
Mwitemania 6 900 720 1620 18 20kg 360
Nyayo 4 990 792 1782 19.8 15kg 297
Mwezi 2 1800 1448 3240 36 10kg 360
mmoja
Wairimu 4 1250 1000 2250 25 6kg 150
Rose cocoa 3 1250 1000 2250 25 10kg 250
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French 2 2500 2000 4500 50 25kg 1250

beans
Muthokoi 1 720 576 1296 14.4 30kg 432
Soko maize 5 1125 900 2025 22.5 40kg 900
flour
Ndengu 6 1250 1000 2250 25 10kg 250
Wimbi flour 7 4680 3744 8424 93.6 20kg 1872
Cow peas 1 2880 2304 5184 57.6 13kg 748.8
Peas 3 3200 2560 5760 64 18kg 1152
Sugar 4 2000 1600 3600 40 14kg 560
Rice 2 2700 2160 4860 54 20kg 1080
Wheat flour 4 1350 1080 2430 27 10kg 270
Total 59 10,111.8

(a) Total daily customers:

= 59

Estimated customers per week 59x7=413

(b) Total daily sale

=10,111.8

Estimated weekly sale 10,111.8x7=70,782.6

(a) Estimated monthly sale 70,782.6 x 4 = 283,130.4

CHAPTER SIX

6. FINANCIAL PLAN
This involves determining the course of action to achieve desired results .It ensures economic
operations, improves motivation, and facilitates control by reducing uncertainties.

6.1. ASSUMPTIONS
i. Machines and equipment, furniture and fittings will depreciate by 2% yearly

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ii. Salaries will remain constant for the first year of operations but will appreciate yearly by
2% from the second year of operation.
iii. Rent will appreciate by 3% yearly as from the second year of operations.
iv. Electricity and water bills will vary according to the work being done, that is,
consumption.
v. Stock will appreciate with 2%
vi. Sales will appreciate with 2%

6.2. PRE-OPERATIONAL COSTS

ITEMS COST
Rent deposit 6,000
Insurance 30,000
Water bills 400
Electricity bills 600
Stock 82,955

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Furniture & fittings 5,650

License 8,000
Machines and equipment 16,000
Safety clothing (aprons and masks) 1,040
Advertisement 4,000
Stationery 1,433
Total 156,078

6.3. RAHISI CEREALS STORES BALANCE SHEET

As at opening December 2023, Dec 2024

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ASSETS 1st Jan,2023 31st Dec,2023 31st Dec,2024 31st Dec,2024

CURRENT
ASSETS
Cash at Hand 92,922 82,000 48,152.8 31,690.84
Cash at Bank 202,473 206,578.9 205,000 200,000
Stock 82,955 84,614.1 86,373.2 87,932.3
Total Current 378,350 373,193 339,426 319,623.14
assets
FIXED ASSETS
Machines and 16,000 16,000 15680 15,366.4
equipment
Depreciation 2% 320 313.6 307.3
Furniture and 5,650 5,650 5,537 5,426.26
fittings
Depreciation 2% 113 110.74 108.5
Total Fixed 21,650 21,217 20,792.66 20,376.86
Assets
Total ASSETS 400,000 394,410 360,218.66 340,000
CURRENT 0 0 0 0
LIABILITIES
Long term 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000
Liability
Retained 14,410 218.66
Earnings 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000
Owners Enquiry
Total Liabilities 400,000 394,410 360,218.66 340,000

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6.4. BREAK-EVEN LEVELS

Particulars 2020

Total Sales 3,397,594

Fixed costs
License 8,000
Interest on loan 8,400
Insurance 30,000
Loan repayment 20,000
TOTAL 66,400
Variable costs
Electricity bills 7,200
Cost of purchases 995,460
Advertisement 16,000
Salaries 768,000
Rent 39,000
Water bills 4,800
TOTAL 1,830,460

TOTAL CONTRIBUTION MARGIN

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=Sales – Total variable costs

=3,397,564 – 1,830,460

=1,567,104

CONTRIBUTION MARGIN PERCENTAGE

= Contribution margin x 100%

Sales

= 1,567,104 x 100
3,397,564

= 46.12%

Break-even of sales in shillings

= Fixed cost x 100%

Contribution margin
= 66,400 x 100%
46.12
= 143,972.246313

6.5. PROFITABILITY RATIO

Year 1 = Gross profit/sales x 100

=2,402,104/3,397,564 x 100

=70.7%

Year 2 = 2,450,153.1/3,465,515.3 x 100

=70.7%

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Year 3 =2,498,201.9/3,533,466.3 x100

=70.7%

6.6. PROPOSED CAPITALIZATION

Owners’ equity 300,000

Bank loan 100,000
Total 400,000

6.7. DESIRED FINANCING

Item Amount
Pre – operational cost 156,078
Working capital 378,198
TOTAL 534,271

6.8. RETURN ON EQUITY

=Net profit after tax/Owners Equity x 100

Year 1 = 1,200,216.8/300,000 x 100

= 400.07%

Year 2 = 1,231,255/300,000 x 100

= 410.418 %

Year 3 = 1,255,573/300,000 x 100

= 418.52%

6.9. RETURN ON INVESTIMENT

=Net Profit after tax /Total Investment x Interest

Year 1= 1,200,216.8/400,000 x 8,400

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= 3.02%

Year 2= 1,232,255/400,000 x 8,400

= 3.09%

Year 3= 1,255,573/400,000 x 8,400

= 3.16%

REFERENCES

Norton Paley (2014) Successful Business Planning – Energizing your Company’s potential.

Lomash (2018) Business policy and Strategy Management, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd

Moore/ Petty/ Palish/Longenecker. Managing Small Business Fourteenth Edition

Jeffrey I, Andrew Z and Stephen S, (2014) Business Plans That Work, McGraw-Hill

Davenport, T O (2019) Human Capital, Jessey Bass, San Francisco

Quinn Mills, D (2019) Planning with the people in mind, Harvest Business Review

Reilly, P (2000) HR Shared Services and the Re-alignment of HR, Institute for Employment
Studies, Brighton

Vroom, V (2019) Work and Motivation, Wiley, New York

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APPENDIX
FLIER

RAHISI CEREALS
STORES
P.O BOX 996-20100, NAKURU

TELEPHONE NO: 0700339045

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OPENING TIME: 7.00AM

CLOSING TIME: 8.00PM

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