CURRICULUM GRADE 10 -12 DIRECTORATE

NCS (CAPS)

JUST IN TIME DOCUMENT

GRADE 12

GEOGRAPHY

2024

TEACHER DOCUMENT

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PREAMBLE

This support document serves to assist Geography Grade 12 learners in dealing with
curriculum content gaps and learning losses. Activities serve as a guide on how various
topics are assessed at different cognitive levels and prepare learners for informal and
formal tasks in Geography.

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ACTIVITY 1.1 – CLIMATE
1.1.1 Mid-latitude cyclones (1) (1x1) (1)
1.1.2 It is further east/south/south-east (2)
Movement is eastwards, therefore a is ahead of b and c (2)
[ANY ONE] (1x2) (2)
1.1.3 Less moisture causes less/no rainfall (2)
Softer rainfall from nimbostratus clouds (2)
[ANY ONE] (1x2) (2)
1.1.4 Warm air is displaced off the earth's surface (occluded)/occlusion has
Taken place (2)
Warm and cold air masses move horizontally past one another again (2)
[ANY ONE] (1x2) (2)
1.1.5 Dense cloud cover due to strong uplift of warm air (2)
Cumulonimbus clouds will result in heavy rainfall/thunderstorms/hail (2)
Decreasing humidity due to cold air being denser (2)
Or
Stratus clouds could result in scattered rain (2)
Atmospheric pressure will be low as a result of the warm, less dense air (2)
Humidity will be relatively low as warm air is less dense (2)
[ANY FOUR. CREDIT CANDIDATE FOR ANY VALID FACTOR GIVEN] (4x2) (8)
[15]
ACTIVITY 1.2 – VALLEY CLIMATE
1.2.1 Refers to the climate of a small local area. (1x2) (2)
1.2.2 Slope B (1x1) (1)
1.2.3 Katabatic winds (1x1) (1)
1.2.4 These winds usually occurs when the night is cold, calm and clear.
The upper slopes cools down faster.
The air in the upper slopes become cold, dense and heavier.
The cold heavy air flows down the slope and can form frost pockets on the
(2x2) (4)
valley floor. [ANY TWO]
1.2.5 D - Farmers can locate citrus trees on the valley floor because the cold
conditions favour the maturing of the crops before harvesting and destroy
insect pests.
C - Deciduous fruit farmers can plant on the middle north facing slopes as the
warm temperatures favour ripening of the fruit and there is less risk of the
fruit blossoming being destroyed.
D - Frost resistant crops can grow on the valley floor example yams, potatoes,
carrots, radish.
A - Trees, shrubs and shade loving plants, such as ferns can grow on the
cooler south facing slopes.
(4x2) (8)
[ANY FOUR]

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ACTIVITY 1.3 – URBAN HEAT ISLAND

1.3.1 Urban area is hotter than the surrounding rural areas. (1x2) (2)
1.3.2 33° - 29º = 4º (1x1) (1)
1.3.3 Artificial surfaces
Dark surfaces such as tar
Artificial heating - heat given off by air cons, fans, etc.
High amounts of pollution from vehicles
Lack of trees to absorb carbon dioxide.
Building material absorbs heat
[ANY TWO] (2x2) (4)
1.3.4 Plant more trees that will result in more shade to lower the temperatures.
Develop more parks where the vegetation will absorb the heat.
More vegetation will result in more evaporation that will cool the area.
Reduce emissions by cars and industries in the city that will result in less heat
to be trapped.
Create green buildings that will result in less heat to be absorbed and
released.
Paint buildings lighter colours which will reflects the heat.
Rooftop gardens will absorb the heat and result in evaporation.
Improve public transport to reduce emissions in the city
Legislation to reduce emissions.
[ANY FOUR] (4x2) (8)
[15]

ACTIVITIES 2.1 GEOMORPHOLOGY

2.1.1 Uplift of the land (isostatic uplift) (1)
Sea level drops (1)
Increase in volume of water (river capture) (1)
Higher rainfall (1) [ANY ONE] (1x1) (1)
2.1.2 Due to the lowering of the base level the river gains energy and starts to
erode vertically (1x2) (2)
2.1.3 (a)the meander changes into an entrenched/incised meander (2)
(b)it will be expensive to construct a bridge at this point (2)
it will be difficult to construct a bridge due to the instability of the rock
structure (2) [ANY ONE] (1x2) (2)

2.1.4 River will now show a multi-concave profile (2)

River becomes ungraded (2) [ANY ONE] (1x2) (2)
2.1.5 It indicates the point where rejuvenation has taken place (2)
The point where the old erosion level meets with the new (2)
[ANY ONE] (1x2) (2)
2.1.6 The knickpoint can retreat upstream because of headward erosion(2)
Waterfalls can form at the knickpoint due to the break/lowering along the
course of the river(2) (2x2) (4)
[15]
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ACTIVITY 2.2 – RIVER MANAGEMENT
2.2.1 The planned and coordinated use of the river without compromising people’s
well-being and the environment (2) (1x2) (2)
2.2.2 Healthy riverbanks maintain the form of the river channel. (1)
It provides habitat for species (aquatic and terrestrial) and filter sediment,
minerals and light. (1)
Water quality includes the chemical; physical and bacteriological properties of
water that determines its suitability for use. (1)
[ANY ONE] (1x1) (1)
2.2.3 The urban nature of Gauteng (especially the central part) (1)
Road networks across the province seal natural surfaces in a manner that
does not allow natural infiltration of rainwater into the ground. (1)
This high run-off scenario during rainfall events coupled with pollution
emanating from the urban environment (1) [ANY TWO] (2x1) (2)
2.2.4 Rivers are home to aquatic life. (2)
Aquatic life feeds directly from the polluted rivers. (2)
Aquatic species have softer skins thereby exposing them more to chemical
waste. (2) [ANY TWO] (1x2) (2)
2.2.5 Strict local by-laws on disposal of waste from both domestic use and industry
(2)
Buffering the area to prevent pollution (can give examples) (2)
Maintaining the natural vegetation and reducing deforestation (2)
Education and public awareness on environmental management (2)
Regular cleaning of riverbanks and surrounding areas (2)
Implementing of fines for violation of environmental regulations (2)
[ANY FOUR] (4x2) (8)
[15]

ACTIVITY 3.1 – SETTLEMENT LAND REFORM

3.1.1 The natives land act (1x1) (1)
3.1.2 “We can only change the land ownership pattern if people opt for restoration.
If they opt for financial compensation the pattern stays the same.” (1x2) (2)
3.1.3 To redress the injustices of the past (2)
To promote economic growth (2)
To alleviate poverty (2) [ANY TWO] (2x2) (4)
3.1.4 Willing buyer/willing seller clause, causes delays in negotiation. (2)
Disagreements between government and traditional leaders in terms of
restoring land to communities. (2)
Land has been redistributed to some who have no interest or knowledge in
agriculture. (2)
It is a costly process, that takes time to resolve. (2)
Lack of training and support to new owners. (2)
The anticipated move from subsistence farming to commercial farming has
not taken place. (2) [ANY FOUR] (4x2) (8)
[15]

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ACTIVITY 3.2 – URBAN ISSUES
3.2.1 Overconcentration (too many) of vehicles on the road (1) (1x2) (2)
3.2.2 Air pollution (1)
Noise pollution (1)
Global warming (1)
Acid rain (1)
Reduced visibility (1)
Destruction/damage of roads e.g. Potholes (1) [ANY ONE] (1x1) (1)
3.2.3 There was an increase in the hours of delay per person (2)
An increase, then a decrease, then an increase, then constant (2)
[accept specific trends on graph for each year]
1982 – 1984: increase
1984 – 1988: decrease
1988 - 1990: increase (2) full description; not per yer group
1990 – 1992: decrease
1992 – 2008: increase
2008+: constant [ANY ONE] (1x2) (2)
3.2.4 In 2010 there were more private vehicles as compared to 1982 (2)
Rural-urban migration has escalated (2)
Urban growth (2)
Increase in commuter population (2)
Unreliable public transport (2) [ANY ONE] (1x2) (2)
3.2.5 They arrive late at work (2)
Related impacts e.g. Lose jobs/salary/decrease in productivity/deductions (2)
Time wastage due to being delayed in traffic (2)
High fuel consumption (2)
Anger and frustration/road rage/accidents (2)
Impact on health/stress/exposure to pollution (2) [ANY TWO] (2x2) (4)
3.2.6 Improve public means of transport (2)
Park and ride systems (2)
Lift clubs (2)
Impose high parking fees to private cars in the city (2)
Establishment of cycle lanes (2)
One-way streets to speed up traffic flow (2)
Decentralise offices and shops (commercial decentralisation) (2)
Working flexitime (2)
Synchronised robots (2)
Traffic points man/officers at more intersections (2)
Closing certain lanes during peak hours (2)
Building outer ring roads (2)
Traffic circles (2)
Traffic monitors through radio stations/helicopters (2)
Increase the number of lanes (2)
Adjust traffic flow according to traffic density and times (2) [ANY TWO]
(2x2) (4)
[15]
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ACTIVITY 4.1 – COAL MINING
4.1.1 R2 billion (1) (1 x 1) (1)
4.1.2 2016 - 2018 (2) (1 x 2) (2)
4.1.3 Coal mines are located inland/far from the harbour (2)
High transport costs due to greater distances to harbour (for export) (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
4.1.4 'Decline in investments' (2)
'Disinvestment' (2)
'Giant coal mining companies have sold or are in the process of selling their
operations' (2)
'Environmental lobbying groups' (2)
'Moving towards renewable energy' (2)
'High transport costs' (2)
'Altered customer base' (2)
'Hostile funding environment'(2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
4.1.5 (increased) loss of employment opportunities due to decreased production (2)
(increased) loss of revenue due to unemployment (2)
Less contribution due to a reduction in tax collection (2)
Reduced foreign exchange due to decreased investments (2)
Limited development of infrastructure due to decrease in production (2)
Closure of industries/business linked to coal mining (accept examples) (2)
Smaller local market for goods due to increased unemployment (2) spending
power of workers decreases which results in economic sectors being
negatively affected (2)
Increased cost of electricity due to less coal available for generation of power
(2)
Operational costs of industries will increase (2)
[ANY THREE- CANDIDATES MUST QUALIFY RESPONSE] (3 x 2) (6)
[15]

ACTIVITY 4.2 –CORE INDUSTRIAL REGION

4.2.1 PWV/Gauteng industrial region (1) (1x1) (1)
4.2.2 The mines provide raw materials for local industries (2)
Mines also require equipment and other materials that they source from local
industries (2) (2x2) (4)
4.2.3 The location along the coastline enables break- of- bulk points (2)
Enables trade and transportation of goods to countries to the east and west of
South Africa (2)
[ANY ONE] (1x2) (2)
4.2.4 Inland location of PWV
Labour – Gauteng has a growing pool of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled
labour (2)
Energy – resources of coal provide the energy to generate electricity (2)
Markets – the mining industry and the fast growing population provide a
market for a range of manufacturing industries (2) (4x2) (8)
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 Water availability – water transfer schemes have been initiated to supplement
the need for water inland (2)
Raw materials – an abundance of raw materials in and around the region (2)
Transportation networks – the pwv region has well developed transportation
networks linking the region to other major industrial regions (2)
Communication networks and infrastructure – the major communication
network operators are found in Gauteng and as a result the network
infrastructure is well developed (2)
[ANY FOUR]
[15]

ACTIVITY 4.3 – PWV CORE INDUSTRIAL REGION

4.3.1 Johannesburg (1) (1x1) (1)
4.3.2 33.8% of the national GPD in current prices (1)
45% of SA's total economic output (1) (2x1) (2)
4.3.3 Abundant raw materials from towns found near industries (2)
Availability of cheaper energy supply mined in local area and transmitted over
short distances by Eskom (2)
Availability of water and strategic water transfer schemes (2)
Well established transport infrastructure in the form of road, rail and air to
access raw materials and markets (2)
Available flat land facilitates easy construction of infrastructure (2)
Pretoria as an administrative capital marketed the region for industrial
development (2)
Availability of skilled/unskilled labour from high population (2)
Large population serving as a base for buying power/market (2)
Many institutions for skills development and research (2)
Railway linked to Maputo harbour for exports (2)
[ANY TWO] (2x2) (4)
4.3.4 (a) this region generally does not receive enough rainfall during the year (2)
High evaporation rates reduces the water supply (2)
There is high competing demand for water from different sectors of the
Economy (2)
High concentration of people in the region increases the demand of water
For domestic use (2)
Poor management (accept examples) of existing water resources reduces
The supply even further (2)
Water transfer schemes are costly (2)
[ANY ONE] (1x2) (2)
(b) Water transfer schemes allow for water to be transferred to PWV
(Gauteng) industrial region (2)
Tugela Vaal water transfer scheme allows water from the Tugela river in
KZN to be transferred to the Vaal dam (2)
Lesotho highlands project allows water from the Katse dam to be
Transferred to the Vaal dam (2)
Recycling of water puts less pressure on the usage of the water (2) (1x2) (2)
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 Water restrictions (2)
Higher tariffs to limit the usage of water increasing (2)
[ANY ONE]
(c) high influx of people from other parts of South Africa (2)
High influx of illegal immigrants exceeding amount of employment
Opportunities available (2)
Increase in unskilled labour force (2)
Lack of fourth industrial revolution skills (2)
Retrenchments due to unstable economic climate (2)
Covid-19 restrictions and protocols (2)
Industries use machinery/robots to do work which replaces people (2)
Lack of work experience (2)
[ANY TWO] (2x2) (4)
[15]

ACTIVITY 4.4 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ZONE

4.4.1 West Coast corrosion protection/WCCP (1) (1x1) (1)
4.4.2 Corrosion protection (1)
It will service a range of marine vessels (1) [ANY ONE] (1x1) (1)
4.4.3 Natural bay (natural port) (1)
Flat land (1)
Large amount of space available (1) [ANY ONE] (1x1) (1)
4.4.4 Road network in Saldanha bay will be extended/upgraded (2)
Road network linking Saldanha bay to other areas will be extended/upgraded
(2)
Harbour facilities will be improved and extended (2)
Railway network in the vicinity will be upgraded for the transport of bulky goods
(2)
Bridges will be constructed to facilitate easier movement of goods/people (2)
Links between the different modes of transport (accept examples) improves
accessibility/facilitate economic growth in the region (2) [ANY TWO] (2x2) (4)
4.4.5 Positive:
Create employment opportunities (2)
Increased earning potential (2)
Greater skills development based on greater demand (2)
Possible potential for promotions (2)
Improved working conditions and employee benefits associated with working
with large companies (2)
Upliftment of standard of living/multiplier effect (2)
Alleviate poverty (2)
Negative:
Skilled workers from other areas are preferred above the locals of the area (2)
Smaller local businesses in direct competition with the investors might close
with possible job losses (2)
Locals in the area might not have the necessary qualifications for the
employment opportunities (2) (2x2) (4)
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 Susceptible to corruption, nepotism, bribery in order to secure jobs (2)
[ANY TWO]
4.4.6 Development of more facilities (accept explained examples) (2)
Improvement in services (accept explained examples) (2)
Learnerships/bursaries for the youth in the community (2)
Sports/recreational/cultural sponsorships (2)
Partnerships with the community to reduce crime and youth empowerment (2)
Feeding schemes for disadvantaged members of the community (2)
Provision of ppe's/ medicines in cases of disease outbreaks (2)
Skills development programs (2)
Improvement of infrastructure (accept explained examples) (2)
Funding/create community employment projects (2)
Local people should be given preference to employment opportunities (2)
Funding and upgrading of local schools (2)
Funding environmental cleaning projects (2)
[ANY TWO] (2x2) (4)
[15]
ACTIVITY 4.5 – WEST COAST SDI
4.5.1 A government programme to encourage investment in infrastructure in
undeveloped areas (1) (1x1) (1)
4.5.2 Saldanha bay (accept port of Saldanha) (1) (1x1) (1)
4.5.3 Steel processing/manufacturing (1)
Fish processing and fishmeal industries (1)
Gas power plant (1)
Ship repair (1) [ANY ONE] (1x1) (1)
4.5.4 Bay allows for the development of a natural harbour (2)
Available vacant land for the expansion of industries (2)
Flat land makes construction cheaper and easier (2)
Flat land makes the construction of infrastructure easier, therefore increases
accessibility (2)
Climate is conducive for productivity (2) [ANY TWO] (2x2) (4)
4.5.5 Employment opportunities are created in industries, farming, infrastructural
development and tourism (2)
These employment opportunities also uplifts the skills of people (2)
Industries become involved in social responsibility programmes (2)
Earning potential increases as people now have fixed jobs (2)
Poverty is reduced as people have money to afford basic needs (2)
Accessibility to more and better services for the local community (2)
Standard of living increases as people can now afford private homes/medical
care/education (2)
Tourism provides opportunities for local communities in the informal sector to
sell their wares/arts and craft (2)
Upgrading and development of new infrastructure benefits the community (2)
[ANY FOUR] (4x2) (8)
[15]

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