CHAPTER | MoLe BALANCES Ar 2 —»C+D The pate of Aeackion, “Aq is Ba. namban of mole of A nating (Lesabpeating) per anit Hoe po wt volume. (mel fa? -S) ce the vake of fororakion (generation) of Steves j, bye fea a pao duck and neqabive for a pra hark. Hereho gencus, quackions! Tavelve moss than one phase . Reachen node, usually expressed in measuns ots than vdume , such as curface AO on catolyst vetight, J burning of conk, ablack of solids by acids Hamogeanas Mobs’ Tralee single phase OT: gorcphase 200 ens Sy ch as Purring of Pune Reacbsns farkbes classified take codalybre and pon cakelefsc- les of homogenous catalybe Ma ders homogens crea ublens, hebera Jenene cakalybe ea bent and akelgbe peachors: Synbol K; hy pest Find examp joa. cakelys lekerogenous OP ‘ Pore abork node In IG not applicable erence. Tt is appliable for = dt (no inflow and oubflow), fed vere bokeh syste ypoes not AMLy fe a Conbauous Flow MA bog, poes wat Aprey © % yarieble vrbume fea ctor, This kefiniber Tmagine 40 inflaked balloon. AbPly f% precsute te deduce the lune , The concentoabion of He gas ill incase ais 0 bak there x re nackion« oObadlance Capration Genera mole Re Ft = aN anes de Eo Tr - Ouk + Generation = Accum aben Fra: Rake of Flow of speoes | inh he system (meles/bin®) F : Rehe of Flow 1& species | ont of the system (meler/bind) Hen the 4 G ‘i poke of genenakion of steer J ty chemical teachin | custom moles] bse) Ny: moles of seees j ak Hone de vo the System Te system vovicbles (Tc, b, aby’ic cnctivity) axe spobilly uniform Grn @ the systen velime, €.9. 06;,= 45, 4) Tagine & Ihop- Conn wskig Ayy- tyr SV [rachine. Coch i Conn becomes Gj- om 6, = LN A —G) bep-corm oh a Lf Ren bees. reckake of vet 12 ’ - y — preven ate Gln —O Gena ve untRin the machine Te hy vanes usthin The general mol Ladince tanabion is F- F+ . dV = AN s — F + (Neath | —@ nr, does not depend on the rea dow of the probarker of he hea ching Note: Rate eqaabien fn tas (0.4, 6 b Ten tbe oF used . rt only Oo funck> mek owials and Nrackien Com cakdyet, i any)jo Bakeh A0a chors No inflow 0% out Flows Used on small scale oporabion = Pox tesbing ee processes ee [te Processes Brak are df Font for conbouos C ) op erotron n Well shared cooking cid Le ideal bokeh xo don, Advantages’ High commer by Reeping Mockust fox long periods Dieardvanbages (High Arbour cost per hated (oaor beth Macs” steak (:) Vasiability, of products from bakch te bateh fii) Difradhy of lerge scale op erabion pot [boiling system ose Govedning og prorbion Staak unt genet & - Fj +t jo & ° o Por a poredty euxed Macher ix be aN hV _O Lek ws tay © puk ths in & familiak nokakon Os 3 (GV)- aN —&) de Pra mol balance sqpakion, a av dN, aN } N ‘ = 245 _ Sav , nm? wee @ Constent elie. V dg VA dG. de 3, —@ dé Note: V is the vdure of Fusd ond pot Hee aca chor hte is V eqyud be the Ma chos vdluune ? ®Con kinaows Flow ron chess Tol 4 Almost abiays oferaked at steady-stade, “i Three major bypes oil. be studied : [. 1, Con bawoushy sbipaed tank s2ectoy as 2, flag flow reackys Oud Flo Ta genetal, Rows nz 3, Packad - bed teacton ve banb Conkinuowtl, #704 bank reactor (CSTR) Tb as backnix joacton and mixed flow dua cha(MFR) Also ke fente Used prinart Contents asumed te be pafetty ovred. No pas ben dependance of temperature, © nate Tem paraboe and concenthahion idenbeall everquchone unthin Phe Reach, corkhakien ak cublek are Same a5 ents the Revckos, hy fos, Viqueid - phase pea chions neentrakon o% hae chon 2 Tem prrakure and Con Mole balance egprabien fr OTR Fe Fr Sn eV = a) 4 groan that r20 cbens Skeody stoke > dN; _ 0 , Ths does ne at ane not behing place Reh rnNeo 9 Ne He —e “Ai lee wy? Note: oe rebawsent the total voluinetric Alou rake (uns of ms)TE -m2 kG, WS V= Go GY _@ 5 RG) - Tho W , Ve &/Go e(S =!) —e This ig Bea volume of 0 CSTR megpined te advert a ereese in Contanthabien of A (ftom Ga ak inlet te G at oubttt) Do a Senstivily analysis and cxplen physically the pratoo fon Vasaben of Vurth Us, k, ad Coo . Gn Note > Tt is possible thak U4 Uo bu skeady- sak Can he adkseved Show how is We possible. Hint Use tha overall mass balance eqnation flO V)= Su Og —Ray Vous cc Considerad be be infinte in on ideak the Final sea chon For wang becuse Note thak speed of mixing dhards immedictel, ateuin CSTR, Ve te dea a fvte bme Contenkrabien. In reabbity, st will fae of Phe Wscos chy Taba bn pea fon - Consicts of @ cyfindsical hipe a i Normally oparcred ak steady state, = Most Commen ly used fox gas- Modeling assumpbea: Conce ntnakon vasses Cr axial dixecben. > peackon make vanes ant We usll darive the performance egpahion AO specal bubdan roackoy Rasum as o Plug 6 poachos, phase geachons he tinaously ioPlug Flow roa chon (PFR) ‘6 Velocly profile under lennas Flow tondibrons in a cxytindsicah tube is porabolic, ie. Paid elements aig the center move faster than those near he walls We will oot Considers His Case, Timagine Prat Bou fell can be modelled by & blag floo profile. Fluid pases aeugh a reactor, geo td EZ ty ey bs tb st no ming of tonbien and lake 90000000 enterig flusd sand uth oo ovelehig, nara Residence time te rzackon is the same eo 08 ° oo oo 90 Og oO fox all elemeds in the fluid i aden 4 “on eg posses No radish vawiation im Mach pil elements arove ak the sere nake, veboorly, Fast in. Gast — ont Abblsing re gerund mole balance 2 equakion tn an infrvtesimall F alums elemert of Aergth de a Bl, ~Filasont uA 4x20 a _— a - ah x Ah-0 —O 7 Fon omrtent A, 4B 279 —@ Ey. @® can erleo be derived fr a ipregelar shape rea chon lous cand’ bons, be dep af comblehon achieved depends on Be poacher volume rel not on the shape. : df? 4.0? We te ate 15h) @ ' _ andes blag ©Need lo Find the velums of a PER fox Mducing the 7 Concetrabion of ‘A’ fhom Cae te Car, Tt is given wat tine Glo rot ‘8, is Constant , The nate 6 — Jum kG Buepuss Fy in teams of Sy 98 Fra GQ % > df= 0,46 -@ \ a, 4G tn > We a (kG) | +r ge) 9 te velar fa OTR segnd 2 achieve dation, EIAs one a hights 2 fom ny doer ont change ComPare Uns with Ye Game reduckion ln Conte As discussed eastian (page 2), exbarssion wtukhes @ CSTR ona CFR is used: hou thad Vere dF MARH 0 —e) dx Stace dW AS. 4x > adh ah =e —& dw fe @ ve we (4 Ge J @Trdastriel ma ckoss. g Liquid phase Na chins ~ Sene-bakch reactors and CSTR used bemarily for liquid -phase Quackoas. L Oe neacdard pred Ha versal and other added. Think of making jalebi. a Geri bak peackon also used fr tun phase r0a Hoar shih gas is bubbled Geabrwously rough Byid. Where unl! ypu uses stm, - bath n2q tod 7 Adverdagts of tmpaahur contre by Ae polation of ferd dade. Capability oF ovinvewmng Unwanded side seadbions by main tung lows Concertrahions of one of Ham CSTR used wher intense agi bation mequdned. Relakively easy ty manteun good Empaskue control be muse it Ss well mixed Conversion Per yelume of actor is cnaflast of flow reactors (Fs mest 140 chions) Gas- phase pea choos Tabular reacts @s%4 to main 4 dein Since moving pasts ae ro ure. Uscbbey produces highast Conversion per reactor volume amongst flow Ma Kh? Défatt exotRemc MAchonS Packed bed ctor Sme defhedbies ash fem perature Control cag other brbulas healers. Cobabyst is troublesome fo place. Channelling Can tobe bre, Find ot oshak channelling, tro! temperate and hot spots an occur foShace bme ——— q Bekeh toa chon Time shent in react governs how much product is produced. Flow nea ckess- Space bine, T = Vv (ener from C= Ngo - GeV v. Tas Gao¥ Fao Goo Space bme: Time necessary te process one peqcken volume of Fld based on inlek cod'bens, eg, Ve Int, Beolm{s atales + los wequiasd be prowess one sed Space bra for ow deste system is 2-Y bas “Space bime for ovr lags is ToL minukes (Since Hae are Close £° " 17 besa the her inte) Spand the sere amout of bre, TF Tn PER, all Fluid clemots pits elements also spend bre te. one element spends Lime te, oll Average T= te Tn CSTR, different elenots spend dif trek bre in Shae tme mag om ™eY rot be He Semeas mice pos Fr Consent density Sy, c-E Cons des 4 hop-O machine. Hee sea chon, deve Hime, coal Poptones Fate var [ fiesstcts. v2t 2 Umin) The fop-conns forum here (veleumed ne - aL VL fin Flow rahe ketones QL mir) 2 ZL _Qmn Mean sesidence bres 2L (ain Mean residence bere = \Llowin mn Tr beth cases, space mes eve, Space wooly SV= 2 1 No. of praetor veluunss boeessed -olst Vv < @ fove cate ath cao s, SV- Le lo in unit bme