2022

1.Prove that any set of n linearly independent vectors in a vector space V of dimension n
constitutes a basis for V. (10 marks)

1 −3
2 3 1 1
2. Let 𝑇: ℝ → ℝ be a linear transformation such that T ( ) = (2) and T ( ) = ( 2).
0 1
3 8
2
Find T ( )
4
(10 marks)

3. Find all solutions to the following system of equations by row-reduced method :

𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = 2
2𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 5𝑥3 = 5
−𝑥1 − 3𝑥2 + 8𝑥3 = −1

(15 marks)
𝑥
𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0 and
4. Let the set 𝑃 = {𝑦) ∣ }
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0
𝑧
be the collection of vectors of a vector space ℝ3 (ℝ). Then
(i) prove that P is a subspace of ℝ3 .
(ii) find a basis and dimension of P.
(10 + 10 marks)

1
5. Find a linear map 𝑇: ℝ2 → ℝ2 which rotates each vector of ℝ2 by an angle 𝜃. Also, prove
𝜋
that for 𝜃 = 2 , 𝑇 has no eigenvalue in ℝ.
(15 marks)

1 −1 1
6 If 𝐴 = [2 −1 0], then show that 𝐴2 = 𝐴−1 (without finding 𝐴−1 ).
1 0 0
(10 marks)

7.Find the matrix associated with the linear operator on 𝑉3 (𝑅) defined by 𝑇(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐) = (𝑎 +
𝑏, 𝑎 − 𝑏, 2𝑐) with respect to the ordered basis 𝐵 = {(0,1,1), (1,0,1), (1,1,0)}.
(10 marks)
8. Show that 𝑆 = {(𝑥, 2𝑦, 3𝑥): 𝑥, 𝑦 are real numbers } is a subspace of 𝑅3 (𝑅). Find two
bases of 𝑆. Also find the dimension of 𝑆.
(15 marks)
9. Prove that the eigen vectors, corresponding to two distinct eigen values of a real
symmetric matrix, are orthogonal.
(8 marks)
10.For two square matrices 𝐴 and 𝐵 of order 2 , show that trace (𝐴𝐵) = trace (𝐵𝐴). Hence
show that 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐴 ≠ 𝐼2 , where 𝐼2 is an identity matrix of order 2 . (10 marks)

11.Reduce the following matrix to a row-reduced echelon form and hence also, find its
rank :

1 3 2 4 1
0 0 2 2 0
𝐴=[ ]
2 6 2 6 2
3 9 1 10 6
(10 marks)
0 −𝑖
12.Find the eigen values and the corresponding eigen vectors of the matrix 𝐴 = ( ),
𝑖 0
over the complex-number field. (10 marks)
13. Using Stokes' theorem, evaluate ∬𝑆 (∇ × 𝐹⃗ ) ⋅ 𝑛ˆ𝑑𝑆, where 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 − 4)𝑖ˆ + 3𝑥𝑦𝑗ˆ +
(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 2 )𝑘ˆ and 𝑆 is the surface of the paraboloid 𝑧 = 4 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) above the 𝑥𝑦-plane.
Here, 𝑛ˆ is the unit outward normal vector on 𝑆.
(15 marks)

2020

2
14.Consider the set 𝑉 of all 𝑛 × 𝑛 real magic squares. Show that 𝑉 is a vector space over 𝑅.
Give examples of two distinct 2 × 2 magic squares.
(10 marks)
1 −1
15.Let 𝑀2 (𝑅) be the vector space of all 2 × 2 real matrices. Let 𝐵 = [ ]. Suppose
−4 4
𝑇: 𝑀2 (𝑅) → 𝑀2 (𝑅) is a linear transformation defined by 𝑇(𝐴) = 𝐵𝐴. Find the rank and
nullity of 𝑇. Find a matrix 𝐴 which maps to the null matrix. (10 marks)

16. Define an 𝑛 × 𝑛 matrix as 𝐴 = 𝐼 − 2𝑢 ⋅ 𝑢𝑇 , where 𝑢 is a unit column vector.

(i) Examine if 𝐴 is symmetric.
(ii) Examine if 𝐴 is orthogonal.
(iii) Show that trace (𝐴) = 𝑛 − 2.
1
3
2
(iv) Find 𝐴3×3 , when 𝑢 = 3
.
2
[3]
(20 marks)

17.Let

1 0 2 −11 2 2
𝐴 = [2 −1 3] and 𝐵 = [ −4 0 1]
4 1 8 6 −1 −1
(i) Find 𝐴𝐵.
(ii) Find det (𝐴) and det (𝐵).
(iii) Solve the following system of linear equations :

𝑥 + 2𝑧 = 3,2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 3, 4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 8𝑧 = 14

(15 marks)

18.Let 𝐹 be a subfield of complex numbers and 𝑇 a function from 𝐹 3 → 𝐹 3 defined by

𝑇(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ) = (𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 , 2𝑥1 − 𝑥2 , −3𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 ). What are the conditions on
𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 such that (𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐) be in the null space of 𝑇 ? Find the nullity of 𝑇.
(15 marks)

3
 2019
19.Let

5 7 2 1
1 1 −8 1
𝐴=( )
2 3 5 0
3 4 −3 1

(i) Find the rank of matrix 𝐴.

(ii) Find the dimension of the subspace
𝑥1
𝑥2
𝑉 = {(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 ) ∈ ℝ4 ∣ 𝐴 (𝑥 ) = 0}
3
𝑥4

(15 + 5 = 20 marks)

20. State the Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Use this theorem to find 𝐴100 , where

1 0 0
𝐴 = [1 0 1]
0 1 0
(15 marks)

2018
21.For the system of linear equations

𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −1
5𝑦 + 3𝑧 = −8
𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 5𝑧 =7

determine which of the following statements are true and which are false:
(i) The system has no solution.
(ii) The system has a unique solution.
(iii) The system has infinitely many solutions.
(15marks)

4
22.Let 𝐴 be a 3 × 2 matrix and 𝐵 a 2 × 3 matrix. Show that 𝐶 = 𝐴 ⋅ 𝐵 is a singular matrix.
(10 marks)

23.Express basis vectors 𝑒1 = (1,0) and 𝑒2 = (0,1) as linear combinations of 𝛼1 = (2, −1)
and 𝛼2 = (1,3)
(10 marks)

24.Show that if 𝐴 and 𝐵 are similar 𝑛 × 𝑛 matrices, then they have the same eigenvalues.
(12 marks)

2017
2 2
25.Let A = ( ). Find a non-singular matrix 𝑃 such that 𝑃−1 𝐴𝑃 is a diagonal matrix.
1 3
[10 Marks]
26.Show that similar matrices have the same characteristic polynomial.[10 Marks]
1 2 3 1
27.Consider the matrix mapping 𝐴: 𝑅4 → 𝑅3 , where 𝐴 = (1 3 5 −2). Find a basis
3 8 13 −3
and dimension of the image of A and those of the kernel 𝐴.
[15 Marks]
28.Prove that distinct non-zero eigenvectors of a matrix are linearly independent.
[10 Marks]
29.Consider the following system of equations in 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 :
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1
𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 3
𝑥 + 11𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧 = 𝑏.
(i) For which values of 𝑎 does the system have a unique solution?
(ii) For which pair of values (𝑎, 𝑏) does the system have more than one solution?
[15 Marks]

30. For what values of the constants 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 the vector 𝑉‾ = (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧)𝑖ˆ + (𝑏𝑥 +
2𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑗ˆ + (−𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 + 2𝑧)𝑘ˆ is irrotational. Find the divergence in cylindrical

5
coordinates of this vector with these values.
[10 Marks]

𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟔
1 2 1
31 (i) Using elementary row operations, find the inverse of 𝐴 = [1 3 2] [6
1 0 1
Marks]
1 1 13
(ii) If A = [ 5 2 6 ] then find 𝐀14 + 3 A − 2I.
−2 −1 −3
[4 Marks]
32.(i) Using elementary row operation find the condition that the linear equations have
a solution
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑎
2𝑥 + 7𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 𝑏
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 𝑐

[7 Marks]

(ii) If

𝑤1 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∣ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0}, 𝑤2 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∣ 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0}, 𝑤3 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)

∣ 𝑥 − 7𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0}

then find dim (𝑤1 ∩ 𝑤2 ∩ 𝑤3 ) and dim (𝑤1 + 𝑤2 ).

[3 Marks]

33. (i) If 𝑀2 (𝑅) is space of real matrices of order 2 × 2 and 𝑃2 (𝑥) is the space of real
polynomials of degree at most 2, then find the matrix representation of 𝑇: 𝑀2 (𝑅) →
𝑎 𝑏
𝑃2 (𝑥) such that 𝑇 ([ ]) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + (𝑎 − 𝑑)𝑥 + (𝑏 + 𝑐)𝑥 2 , with respect to the
𝑐 𝑑
standard bases of 𝑀2 (𝑅) and 𝑃2 (𝑥) further find null space of T
[10 Marks]
𝑥
(ii) If T: 𝑃2 (𝑥) → 𝑃3 (𝑥) is such that 𝑇(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 5∫0 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡, then choosing
{1,1 + 𝑥, 1 − 𝑥 2 } and {1, 𝑥, 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 3 } as bases of P2 (x) and P3 (x) respectively find the
matrix of T.
[6 Marks]

6
 1 1 0
34. (i) if A = [1 1 0], then find the Eigen values and Eigenvectors of A. [6 Marks]
0 0 1
(ii) Prove that Eigen values of a Hermitian matrix are all real.
[8 Marks]

1 −1 2
35. If A = [−2 1 −1] is the matrix representation of a linear transformation
1 2 3
T: 𝑃2 (𝑥) → 𝑃2 (𝑥) with respect to the bases {1 − 𝑥, 𝑥(1 − 𝑥), 𝑥(1 + 𝑥)} and
{1,1 + 𝑥, 1 + 𝑥 2 } then find T.
[18 Marks]

2015

36. The vectors 𝑉1 = (1,1,2,4), 𝑉2 = (2, −1, −5,2), 𝑉3 = (1, −1, −4,0) and 𝑉4 = (2,1,1,6)
are linearly independent. Is it true? justify your answer.
[10 Marks]

37. Reduce the following matrix to row echelon form and hence find its rank:

1 2 3 4
2 1 4 5
[ ]
1 5 5 7
8 1 14 17
[10 Marks]

1 0 0
38. If matrix 𝐴 = [1 0 1] then find 𝐀30
0 1 0
[12Marks]

1 1 3
39. Find the Eigen values and Eigen vectors of the matrix [1 5 1]
3 1 1
[12Marks]

7
 40. Let 𝑉 = 𝑅3 and 𝑇 ∈ 𝐴(𝑉), for all a𝑖 ∈ 𝐴(𝑉), be defined by
𝑇(𝑎1 , 𝑎2 𝑎3 ) = (2𝑎1 + 5𝑎2 + 𝑎3 , −3𝑎1 + 𝑎2 − 𝑎3 , 𝑎1 + 2𝑎2 + 3𝑎3 ). What is the
matrix 𝑇 relative to the basis 𝑉1 = (1,0,1), 𝑉2 = (−1,2,1), 𝑉3 = (3, −1,1) ?
[12Marks]

41.Find the dimension of the subspace of R4 , spanned by the set

{(1,0,0,0), (0,1,0,0), (1,2,0,1), (0,0,0,1)}. Hence find its basis. [12Marks]

2014
42.Find one vector in R3 which generates the intersection of 𝑉 and 𝑊, where 𝑉 is the 𝑥𝑦
plane and 𝑊, is the space generated by the vectors (1,2,3) and (1, −1,1) [10Marks]
43.Using elementary row or column operations, find the rank of the matrix
0 1 −3 −1
0 0 1 1
[ ]
3 1 0 2
1 1 −2 0
[10Marks]

44. Let 𝑉 and W be the following subspaces of 𝑅4 : 𝑉 = {(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑): 𝑏 − 2𝑐 + 𝑑 = 0)} and
𝑊 = {(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑): 𝑎 = 𝑑, 𝑏 = 2𝑐}. Find a basis and the dimension of (i) 𝑉 (ii) 𝑊 (iii) 𝑉 ∩
𝑊.
[15Marks]

45. Investigate the values of 𝜆 and 𝜇 so that the equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 =

10, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = 𝜇 have (i) no solution (ii) unique solution, (iii) an infinite number of
solutions.
[10Marks]

1 4
46. Verify Cayley -Hamilton theorem for the matrix A = [ ] and hence find its
2 3
inverse.
Also, find the matrix represented by 𝐴5 − 4𝐴4 − 7𝐴3 + 11𝐴2 − 𝐴 − 10𝐼
[10Marks]

8
 −2 2 −3
47. Let 𝐴 = [ 2 1 −6]. Find the Eigen values of 𝐴 and the corresponding Eigen
−1 −2 0
vectors.
[8 Marks]

48. Prove that Eigen values of a unitary matrix have absolute value 1. [7 Marks]

2013
1 3 1
49. Find the inverse of the matrix : 𝐴 = [2 −1 7 ] by using elementary row
3 2 −1
operations.
Hence solve the system of linear equations 𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 10 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 12 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 −
𝑧=4
[10 Marks]

50 Let 𝐴 be a sqaure matrix and 𝐴 ∗ be its adjoint, show that the Eigen values of matrices
𝐴𝐴 ∗ and 𝐴 ∗ 𝐴 are real. Further show that trace (𝐴𝐴∗ ) = trace (𝐴∗ 𝐴)
[10 Marks]

51.Let 𝑃𝑛 denote the vector space of all real polynomials of degree at most 𝑛 and 𝑇: 𝑃2 →
𝑥
𝑃3 be linear transformation given by 𝑇(𝑓(𝑥)) = ∫0 𝑝(𝑡)𝑑𝑡, 𝑝(𝑥) ∈ 𝑃2 . Find the matrix of 𝑇
with respect to the bases {1, 𝑥, 𝑥 2 } and {1, 𝑥, 1 + 𝑥 2 , 1 + 𝑥 3 } of 𝑃2 and 𝑃3 respec tively. Also
find the null space of 𝑇
[10 Marks)

52. Let 𝑉 be and 𝑛-dimentional vector space and 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑉 be an invertible linear operator.
If 𝛽 = {𝑋1 𝑋2 , … 𝑋𝑛 } is a basix of 𝑉, show that 𝛽′ = {𝑇𝑋𝑝 , 𝑇𝑋2 , … 𝑇𝑋𝑛 } is also a basis of 𝑉.
[8 Marks]

1 1 1
53. Let A = [1 𝜔 2
𝜔 ] where 𝜔(≠ 1) is a cube root of unity. If 𝜆1 , 𝜆2 , 𝜆3 denote the
1 𝜔 𝜔2
Eigen values of A2 , Show that |𝜆|1 + |𝜆|2 + |𝜆|3 ≤ 9
[8 Marks]

9
 1 2 3 4 5
2 3 5 8 12
54. Find the rank of the matrix 𝐴 = 3 5 8 12 17
3 5 8 17 23
[8 12 17 23 30]
[8 Marks]

55. Let 𝐴 be a Hermitian matrix having all distinct Eigen values 𝜆1 , 𝜆2 , … . 𝜆n . If

𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … . 𝑋n are corresponding Eigen vectors then show that the n × n matrix C whose 𝑘 th
column consists of the vector 𝑋n is non singular.
[8 Marks]

56. Show that the vectors 𝑋1 = (1,1 + 𝑖, 𝑖), 𝑋2 = (𝑖, −𝑖, 1 − 𝑖) and 𝑋3 = (0,1 − 2𝑖, 2 − 𝑖) in
𝐶 3 are linearly independent over the field of real numbers but are linearly dependent over
the field of complex numbers.
[8 Marks]

𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟐

57.Prove or disprove the following statement: if 𝐵 = {𝑏𝑝 , 𝑏2 𝑏𝑦 , 𝑏𝜓 𝑏𝑠 } is a basis for 𝑖 5 and 𝑉

is a two dimensional subspace of i5 , Then 𝑉 has a basis made of two members of B.
[12 Marks]

58. Let 𝑇: 𝑖 3 ⊗ 𝑖 3 be the linear transformation defined by

T(𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾) = (𝛼 + 2𝛽 − 3𝛾. 2𝛼 + 5𝛽 − 4𝛾, 𝛼 + 4𝛽 + 𝛾). Find a basis and the

dimension of the image of 𝑇 and the kernel of 𝑇
[12 Marks]

59.Let 𝑉 be the vector space of all 2 × 2 matrices over the field of real numbers. Let 𝑊 be
the set consisting of all matrices with zero determinant. Is 𝑊 a subspace of 𝑉 ? Justify your
answer?
[8 Marks]

60. Find the dimension and a basis for the space 𝑊 of all solutions of the following homo
geneous system using matrix notation:

10
 𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 − 2𝑥4 + 4𝑥5 = 0
2𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 + 8𝑥3 + 𝑥4 + 9𝑥5 = 0
3𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 13𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 14𝑥 = 0 [12 Marks]

61.(i)Consider the linear mapping 𝑓: 𝐢2 ⊛ 𝐢2 by 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = (3𝑥 + 4𝑦, 2𝑥 − 5𝑦).

Find the matrix A relative to the basis {(1,0), (0,1)} and the matrix 𝐵 relative to the

basis {(1,2), (2,3)}

[12 Marks]
(ii) If 𝜆 is a characteristic root of a non-singular matrix A,
|A|
then prove that is a characteristic root of Adj A
𝜆
[8 Marks]

1 𝑖 2+𝑖
62.Let H = ( −𝑖 2 1 − 𝑖 ) be a Hermitian matrix. Find a non-singular matrix P
2−𝑖 1+𝑖 2
such that 𝐷 = 𝑃𝑇 𝐻𝑃‾ is diagonal.
[20 Marks]
𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟏 .
63.Let A be a non-singular n × n, square matrix. Show that A ⋅ (adjA) = |A| ⋅ 𝐼n
2
Hence show that |adj (adj 𝐴)| = |A|(𝑛−1)
[10 Marks]

1 0 −1 𝑥 2
64. Let A = (3 4 5 ) , X = (𝑦) , B = (6) solve the system of equations given by
0 6 7 𝑧 5
AX = B
Using the above, also solve the system of equations 𝐴𝑇 X = 𝐵 where 𝐴𝑇 denotes the
transpose of matrix A.
[10 Marks]
65. Let 𝜆1 , 𝜆2 , … . . 𝜆𝑛 be the Eigen values of a n × n square matrix A with corresponding
Eigen vectors 𝑋𝑃 𝑋2 … 𝑋𝑛 . If B is a matrix similar to show that the Eigen values of B are
same as that of 𝐴. Also find the relation between the Eigen vectors of 𝐵 and Eigen
vectors of 𝐴. (15 marks)
66.Show that the subspaces of 𝐼𝑅3 spanned by two sets of vectors {(1,1, −1), (1,0,1)} and

11
 {(1,2,3), (5,2,1)} are identical. Also find the dimension of this subspace. [10 Marks]

67.Find he nullity and a basis of the null space of the linear transformation

A: 𝐼𝑅(4) → 𝐼𝑅(4)
0 1 −3 −1
1 0 1 1
given by the matrix 𝐴 = [ ].
3 1 0 2
1 1 −2 0
[10 Marks]

6 8 i) Show that the vectors (1,1,1)(2,1,2) and (1,2,3) are linearly independent in 𝐼𝑅(3) .
Let 𝐼𝑅 (3) → 𝐼𝑅(3) be a linear transformation defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧, 𝑥 +
2𝑦 + 5𝑧, 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 6𝑧) Show that the images of above vectors under 𝐓 are linearly
dependent. Give the reason for the same.
2 −2 2
(ii) Let A = [1 1 1 ] and C be a non-singular matrix of order 3 × 3. Find the
1 3 −1
Eigen values of the matrix B 3 where 𝐵− 𝐶 −1 𝐴𝐶.
[10 Marks]

2010
26 −2 2
69. If 𝜆1 , 𝜆2 , 𝜆3 are the Eigen values of the matrix 𝐴 = [ 2 21 4 ] Show that
44 2 28

√𝜆12 + 𝜆22 + 𝜆33 ≤ √1949

[12 Marks]
𝑑
70. What is the null space of the differentiation transformation 𝑑𝑥 : 𝑃𝑛 → 𝑃𝑛 Where 𝑃𝑛 is
the space of all polynomials of degree ≤ 𝑛 over the real numbers? What is the null space
of the second derivative as a transformation of 𝑃𝑛 ? What is the null space of the 𝑘 th
derivative?
[12 Marks]

4 2 1
71. Let. M = [ ] Find the unique linear transformation T: 𝐼𝑅3 → 𝐼𝑅3 So that M is
0 1 3
the matrix of T with respect to the basis 𝛽 = {𝑣𝑡 = (1,0,0), 𝑣2 = (𝐼, 𝐼, 0), 𝑣3 = (1,1,1)} of

12
 𝐼𝑅3 and 𝛽′ = {𝑤𝑙 = (1,0), 𝑤2 = (1,1)} of 𝐼𝑅2 . Also find 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧).
[20 Marks]

72. Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be n × n matrices over real's. Show that BA is invertible if I − 𝐴𝐵 is

invertible. Deduce that 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐵𝐴 have the same Eigen values.
[20 Marks]

73. (i) In the space 𝑅𝑛 determine whether or not the

{𝑒1 − 𝑒2 , 𝑒2 − 𝑒3 , … … , 𝑒𝑛−1 − 𝑒𝑛 , 𝑒𝑛 − 𝑒1 } set is linearly independent.

(ii) Let T be a linear trnasformation from a vector V space over real's into V such that
𝑇 − 𝑇 2 = 𝐼 Show that is invertible.
[20 Marks]

𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟗
74.Find A Hermitian and skew-Hermitian matrix each whose sum is the matrix.

2𝑖 3 −1
[ 1 2 + 3𝑖 2]
−𝑖 + 1 4 5𝑖
[12 Marks]

75. Prove that the set V of the vectors (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) in which 𝐼𝑅4 satisfy the equation
𝑥2 + 𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 + 𝑥4 = 0 and 2𝑥5 + 3𝑥2 − 𝑥3 + 𝑥4 = 0, is a subspace of 𝐼𝑅4 . What is
dimension of this subspace? Find one of its bases.
[12 Marks]

76. Let 𝛽 = {(1,1,0)(1,0,1)(0,1,1)} and 𝛽′ = {(2,1,1), (1,2,1)(−1,1,1)} be the two

ordered bases of R3 .Then find a matrix representing the linear transformation T: R3 →
R3 which trans forms 𝛽 into 𝛽′ . Use this matrix represention to find 𝑇(𝑥‾), where 𝑥‾ =
(2,3,1).
[20 Marks]

77. Find a 2 × 2 real matrix A which is both orthogonal and skew-symmetric. Can there

13
exist a 3 × 3 real matrix which is both orthogonal and skew-symmetric? Justify your
answer.
[20 Marks]

78. Let T: 𝐼𝑅4 → 𝐼𝑅3 be a linear transformation defined by 𝐿 = (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 )) =

(𝑥3 + 𝑥4 − 𝑥1 − 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 − 𝑥2 , 𝑥4 − 𝑥1 ). Then find the rank and nullity of 𝐿. Also
determine null space and range space of L.
[20 Marks)

79. Prove that the set 𝑉 of all 3 × 3 real symmetric matrices forms a linear subspace
of the space of all 3 × 3 real matrices. What is the dimension of this subspace? Find
atleast one of the bases for 𝑉.
[20 Marks]

𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟖
80.Show that the matrix A is invertible if and only if the adj (𝐴) is invertible.

Hence find |adj (𝐴)|

[12 Marks]

81.Let 𝑆 be a non-empty set and let ∨ denote the set of all functions from 𝑆 into 𝑅.
Show that V is vector space with respect to the vector addition (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥 ) =
𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) and scalar multiplication (𝑐. 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑓(𝑥)
[12 Marks]

81.Show that B = {(1,0,0), (1,1,0), (1,1, 𝐼)} is a basis of. 𝐑3 Let 𝐓: 𝐑3 → 𝐑3 be a linear
transformation such that 𝑇(1,0,0) = (1,0,0)𝑇(1,1,0) = (1,1,1) and
𝑇(1,1,1) = (1,1,0). Find 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
[15 Marks]

82.Let 𝐴 be a non-singular matrix. Show that if 𝐼 + 𝐴 + 𝐴2 + ⋯ . . +𝐴𝑛 = 0 then

𝐴−1 = 𝐴𝑛 . (15 marks)

83. Find the dimension of the subspace of R4 spanned by the set

{(1,0,0,0)(0,1,0,0)(1,2,0,1), (0,0,0,1)}. Hence find a basis for the subspace.

[15 Marks]

14
 2007
84.Let S be the vector space of all polynomials, 𝑃(𝑥) with real coefficients, of degree
less than or equal to two considered over the real field ∣ 𝑅 such that 𝑝(0) and 𝑝(1) =
0. Determine a basis for S and hence its dimension.
[12 Marks]

85.Let 𝑇 be linear transformation from ∣ 𝑅3 to ∣ 𝑅4 define by 𝑇(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥𝑗 ) =

(2𝑥𝑡 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 , 𝑥𝑙 + 𝑥2 , 𝑥𝑗 + 𝑥3 , 3𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑗 ) for each (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ) ∈ 𝐼𝑅3 Determine
a basis for the Null space of T. What is the dimension of the Range space of T?
[12 Marks]

86.Let W be the set of all 3 × 3 symmetric matrices over 𝐼𝑅 does it from a subspace of
the vector space of the 3 × 3 matrices over 𝐼𝑅 ? In case it does, construct a basis for
this space and determine its dimension
[15 Marks]

87.Consider the vector space 𝑋: = {𝑝(𝑥)} is a polynomial of degree less than or equal
to 3 with real coefficients. Over the real field 𝐼𝑅 define the map 𝐷: 𝑋 → 𝑋 by
(𝐷𝑝)(𝑥): = 𝑃𝑡 + 2𝑃𝑧 𝑥 + 3𝑃3 𝑥 2 where 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑃0 + 𝑃𝑟 𝑥 + 𝑝𝑧 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 𝑥 3 is D a linear
transformation on X ? if it is then construct the matrix representation for D with
respect to the order basis {1, 𝑥, 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 3 } for 𝑋.
[15 Marks]

88.Reduce the quadratic form 𝑞(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧): = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 4𝑥𝑧 + 4𝑦𝑧 − 7𝑧 2 to canoncial

form. Is 𝑞 positive definite?
[15 Marks]
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟔
89.Let 𝑉 be the vector space of all 2 × 2 matrices over the field 𝐹. Prove that 𝑉 has
dimension 4 by exhibiting a basis for V.
[12 Marks]
1 3
90.State Cayley-Hamilton theorem and using it, find the inverse of [ ].[12 Marks]
2 4
91.If 𝐓: R2 → R2 is defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2𝑥 − 3𝑦, 𝑥 + 𝑦) compute the matrix of T
relative to the basis 𝛽{(1,2), (2,3)}
[15 Marks]

15
92.Using elementary row operations, find the rank of the matrix
3 −2 0 −1
0 2 2 1
[ ].
1 −2 −3 −2
0 1 2 1
[15 Marks]
93.Investigate for what values of and the equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6

𝑥 + 2𝑦 + .3𝑧 = 10
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = 𝑚

Have
(i) no solution;
(ii) (ii) a unique solution:
(iii) (iii) infinitely many solutions
[15 Marks]

94. Find the quadratic form 𝑞(𝑥, 𝑦) corresponding to the symmetric matrix

5 −3
a=[ ] is this quadratic from postive definite? Justify your answer.
−3 8
[15 Marks]
2005

95. Find the values of 𝑘 for which the vectors

(1,1,1,1), (1,3, −2, 𝑘), (2,2𝑘 − 2, −𝑘 − 2,3𝑘 − 1) and (3, 𝑘 + 2, −3,2𝑘 + 1) are
linearly independent in R4 .
[12 Marks]

96. Let 𝑉 be the vector space of polynomials in 𝑥 of degree ≤ 𝑛 over R. Prove that the
set {1, 𝑥, 𝑥 2 , … . . 𝑥 𝑛 } is a basis for the set of all polynomials in 𝑥.
[12 Marks]

97. Let T be a linear transformation on R3 whose matrix relative to the standard basis
of

16
 2 1 −1
3
𝐑 is [1 2 2 ]
3 3 4
Find the matrix of T relative to the basis 𝛽 = {(1,1,1), (1,1,0),(0,0,1)}

98. Find the inverse of the matrix given below using elementary row operations only:
2 0 −1
[5 1 0 ]
0 1 3
99. If S is a skew-Hermitian matrix, then show that is a unitary matrix. Also show that
𝐴 = (𝐼 + 𝑆)(𝐼 − 𝑆)−𝑖 every unitary matrix can be expressed in the above form
provided −1 is not an Eigen value of 𝐴.
[15 Marks]

100. Reduce the quadratic form 6𝑥1 2 + 3𝑥22 + 3𝑥32 − 4𝑥1 𝑥2 − 2𝑥2 𝑥3 + 4𝑥3 𝑥1 to the
sum of squares. Also find the corresponding linear transformation, index and
signature.
[15 Marks]

2004
101. Let 𝑆 be space generated by the vectors {(0,2,6), (3,1,6), (4, −2, −2) what is the
dimension of the space S? Find a basis for S.
[12 Marks]

102.Show that 𝑓: 𝑅3 → 𝐼𝑅 is a linear transformation, where f(x, y, z) = 3x + y − z

what is the dimension of the Kernel? Find a basis for the Kernel.
[12 Marks]

103.Show that the linear transformation form IR3 to IR4 which is represented by the
1 3 0
0 1 −2
matrix [ ] is one-to-one. Find a basis for its image.
2 1 1
−1 1 2
[12 Marks]

104.Verify whether the following system of equation is consistent

𝑥 + 3𝑧 = 5

17
 −2𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 𝑧 =0
[15 Marks]
−𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 𝑧 =4

1 1
105.Find the characteristic polynomial of the matrix 𝐀 = [ ] Hence
−1 3
find 𝐀−1 and A6
[15 Marks]
106 .Define a positive definite quadratic form. Reduce the quadratic form to canonical
form. Is this quadratic form positive definite?
[15 Marks]

2003
107.let 𝑆 be any non-empty subset of a vector pace 𝑉 over the field 𝐹. Show that the
set {𝑎1 𝛼1 + 𝑎2 𝛼2 + ⋯ + 𝑎n 𝛼n : a1 , a2 , … … , an ∈ 𝐹, 𝛼1 , 𝛼2 , … . , 𝛼n ∈ S, n ∈ N} is the
subspace generated by S.
[12 Marks]

2 1 1
108.If = [0 1 0] then find the matrix represented by 2𝐴10 − 10𝐴9 + 14𝐴8 − 6𝐴7 −
1 1 2
3𝐴6 + 15𝐴5 − 21𝐴4 + 9𝐴3 + 𝐴 − 1.

[12 Marks]
109.Prove that the Eigen vectors corresponding to distinct Eigen values of a square
matrix are lineraly independent.
[15 Marks]

110.If H is a Hermitian matrix, then show that 𝐴 = (𝐻 + 𝑖𝑙)−𝑙 (𝐻 − 𝑖𝑙) is a unitary

matrix. Also so that every unitary matrix can be expressed in this form, provided 1 is
not an Eigen value of 𝐴.
6 −2 2
111.If A = [−2 3 −1] then find a diagonal matrix 𝐷 and a matrix 𝐵 such that 𝐴 =
2 −1 3
𝐵𝐷𝐵′ where B ′ denotes the transpose of B.
[15 Marks]

112.Reduce the quadratic form given below to canonical form and find its rank and
signature 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 9𝑧 2 + 𝑢2 − 12𝑦𝑧 + 6𝑧𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑢 − 6𝑧𝑢.
[15 Marks]

18
 2002
113.Show that the mapping 𝑇: 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 where 𝑇(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐) = (𝑎 − 𝑏, 𝑏 − 𝑐, 𝑎 + 𝑐) is
linear and non singular
[12 Marks]
114.A square matrix A is non-singular if and only if the constant term in its
characteristic polynomial is different from zero.
[12 Marks]

115.Let 𝑇: 𝑅5 → 𝑅5 be a linear mapping given by T(a, b, c, d, e) = (b − d, d + e, b, 2 d +

c, b + e) obtain bases for its null space and range space.
[15 Marks]
116.Let 𝐴 be a real 3 × 3 symmetric matrix with Eigen values 0,0 and 5 if the
corresponding Eigen -vectors are (2,0,1), (2,1,1) and (1,0, −2) then find the
matrix A.
[15 Marks]
117.Show the following system of linear equations
𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 − 3𝑥3 + 4𝑥4 = 1
−𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 5𝑥3 − 5𝑥4 − 2𝑥3 = 0
2𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 2𝑥3 + 3𝑥4 − 4𝑥 = 0 [15 Marks

118.Use Cayley-Hamilton theorem to find the inverse of the following matrix :

0 1 2
[1 2 3][15 Marks]
3 1 1

2001

119.Show that the vectors (1,0, −1), (0, −3,2) and (1,2,1) form a basis for the vector
space 𝑅3 (𝑅)
[12 Marks]
|𝐴|
120.If 𝜆 is a characteristic root of a non-singular matrix A then prove that is a
𝜆
characteristic root of Adj.A
[15 Marks]

19
 1 0 0
121.If A = [1 0 1] show that for every integer 𝑛 ≥ 3, 𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴𝑛−2 + 𝐴2 − 𝐼
0 1 0
Hence determine 𝐴50 .
[15 Marks]
122.When is square matrix 𝐴 said to be congruent to a square matrix 𝐵 ? Prove that every
matrix congruent to skew-symmetric matrix is skew symmetric. [15 Marks]
123.Determine an orthogonal matrix P such that is a diagonal matrix, where =
7 4 4
( 4 −8 −1)
−4 −1 −8
[15 Marks]

124. Show that the real quadratic form 𝜙 = 𝑛(𝑥12 + 𝑥22 + ⋯ + 𝑥𝑛2 ) − (𝑥1 𝑥2 + ⋯ + 𝑥𝑛 )2 in
n variables is positive semi-definite.
[15 Marks]
2000
125. Let V be a vector space over R and 𝑇 = {(𝑥, 𝑦) ∣ 𝑥, 𝑦, ∈ 𝑣} Let. Define addition in
component wise and scalar multiplication by complex number 𝛼 + 𝑖𝛽 by (𝛼 +
𝑖𝛽)(x, y) = (𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽𝑦, 𝛽𝑦 + 𝛼𝑦)∀𝛼, 𝛽 ∈ 𝑅 show that T is a vector space over C.
[12 Marks]

126. Show that if 𝜆 is a characteristic root of a non-singular matrix A then 𝜆−1 is a

characteristic root of A−1
[15 Marks]

127.Prove that a real symmetric matrix A is positive definite if and only A = BB ′ ' if
1 2 3
for some non-singular matrix. B show also that 𝐴 = [2 5 7 ] is positive definite
3 7 11
and find the matrix 𝐵 such that 𝐴 = 𝐵𝐵′ Here 𝐵 ' stands for the transpose of 𝐵.
[15 Marks]

128.Prove that a system AX = B if 𝑛 non-homogeneous equations in 𝑛 unknowns has

a unique solution provided the coefficient matrix is non-singular.
[15 Marks]

20
 129.Prove that two similar matrices have the same characteristic roots. Is its
converse true? Justify your claim.
[15 Marks]
130.Reduce the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦𝑧 + 2𝑧𝑥 + 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2𝑧 + 6 = 0 into
canonical form and sdetermine the nature of the quadratic.
[15 Marks]
1999
131.Let 𝑉 be the vector space of functions from 𝑅 to 𝑅 (the real numbers). Show that
𝑓, 𝑔, ℎ in 𝑉 are linearly independent where 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 2𝑡 , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 and ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑡.
[20 Marks]

132.If the matrix of a linear transformation 𝑇 on 𝑉2 (𝑅) with respect to the basis,
then what is the matrix of with respect to the ordered basis 𝐵 = {(1,0), (0,1))} is
1 1
[ ] then what is the matrix of T with respect to the ordered basis
1 1
[20 Marks]
4 2 2
133.Diagonalize the matrix A = [2 4 2]
2 2 4
[20 Marks]
1 0 0 𝑖
134.Test for congruency of the matrices A = [ ] and. B = [ ]
0 −1 −𝑖 0
Prove that A2n = B 2 m I When and are positive integers.
[20 Marks]
135.If 𝐴 is a skew symmetric matrix of order 𝑛 Prove that (𝐼 − 𝐴)(𝐼 + 𝐴)−1 is
orthogonal.
[20 Marks]
136.Test for the positive definiteness of the quadratic form 2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑧 2 − 2𝑧𝑥.
[20 Marks]
𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟖
137.Given two linearly independent vectors (1,0,1,0) and (0, −1,1,0) of 𝑅4 find a
basis of which included these two vectors
[20 Marks]
138.If 𝑉 is a finite dimensional vector space over 𝑅 and if 𝑓 and 𝑔 are two linear
trnasformations from 𝑉 to 𝑅 such that 𝑓(𝑣) = 0 implies 𝑔(𝑣) = 0 then prove that
𝑔 = 𝜆𝑓 for some 𝜆 in R.
[20 Marks]

21
 139.Let T: R3 → R3 be defined by T(𝑥𝑝 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ) = (𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , −𝑐𝑥𝑗 − 𝑏𝑥2 − 𝑎𝑥3 ) where
a,b,c are fixed real numbers. Show that T is a linear transformation of 𝑅3 and that
A3 + aA2 + ba + cc = 0 where 𝐴 is the matrix of 𝑇 with respect to standard basis of
𝑅3 [20 Marks]
140.If A and B are two matrices of order 2 × 2 such that A is skew Hermitian and
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵 then show that 𝐵 = 0
[20 Marks]

141.If T is a complex matrix of order 2 × 2 such that tr 𝑇 = tr 𝑇 2 = 0 then show

that 𝑇 2 = 0
[20 Marks]
142.Prove that a necessary and sufficient condition for a 𝑛 × 𝑛 real matrix to be
similar to a diagonal matrix 𝐴 is that the set of characteristic vectors 𝐴 of includes a
set of linearly independent vectors.
[20 Marks]
143.Let 𝐴 be a 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrix. Then show that the sum of the rank and nullity of 𝐴 is
𝑛.
[20 Marks]
144.Find all real 2 × 2 matrices A whose characteristic roots are real and which
satisfy 𝐴𝐴′ = 𝐼
[20 Marks]
145.Reduce to diagonal matrix by rational congruent transformation the
symmetric matrix
1 2 −1
𝐴=[ 2 0 3 ]
−1 3 1
[20 Marks]
1997
146. Let 𝑉 be the vector space of polynomials over R. Find a basis and dimension of
the subspace W of V spanned by the polynomials

𝑣𝑝′ = 𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 2 + 4𝑡 + 1, 𝑣2 = 2𝑡 3 − 3𝑡 2 + 9𝑡 − 1, 𝑣3 = 𝑡 3 + 6𝑡 − 5, 𝑣4 = 2𝑡 3 − 5𝑡 2 + 7𝑡 + 5

(20 Marks)

147 Verify that the transformation defined by 𝑇(𝑥𝑝 , 𝑥2 ) = (𝑥1 + 𝑥2 , 𝑥𝑡 − 𝑥𝑧 𝑥2 ) is a

linear transforma tion from R2 to R3 . Find its range, null space and nullity.

22
 [20 Marks]

148.Let 𝑉 be the vector space of 2 × 2 matrices over 𝑅. Determine whether the

1 2 3 −1
matrices A, B, C ∈ V are dependent where 𝐴 = [ ],𝐵 = [ ],𝐶 =
3 1 2 2
1 −5
[ ] [20 Marks]
−4 0
149 Let a square matrix A of order n be such that each of its diagonal elements is 𝜇
and each of its off diagonal elements is 1. If 𝐵 = 𝜆𝐴 is orthogonal, determined the
values of 𝜆 and 𝜇
[20 Marks]

2 −1 0
150. Show that 𝐴 = [−1 2 0] is diagonalisable over 𝑅 and find a matrix 𝑃 such
2 2 3
that P 𝐴𝑃 is diagonal. Hence determine A25
−1

[20 Marks]

151 Let 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] be a square matrix of order n such that [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] ≤ M∀𝑖, 𝑗 = 1,2
n. Let 𝜆 be an Eigen value of A. Show that |𝜆| ≤ 𝑛𝑀
[20 Marks]

152. Define a positive definite matrix. Show that a positive definite matrix is always
non-singular. Prove that its converse does not hold.
[20 Marks]

153. Find the characteristics roots and their corresponding vectors for the matrix

6 −2 2
[−2 3 −1]
2 −1 3
[20 Marks]

154.Find an invertible matrix 𝑃 which reduces 𝑄(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑧 + 2𝑧𝑥 to its
canonical form.
[20 Marks]
𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟔
155. 𝑅4 , 𝑊1 be the space generated by (1,1,0, −1), (2,4,6,0) and (−2, −3, −3,1) and

23
 let W2 be the space generate by (−1, −2, −2,2), (4,6,4, −6) and (1,3,4, −3).
Find a basis for the space 𝑊1 + 𝑊2
[20 Marks]
156.Let 𝑉 be a finite dimensional vector space and 𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑣 ≠ 0. Show that there
exist a linear functional 𝑓 on 𝑉 such that 𝑓(v) ≠ 0
[20 Marks]

157.Let 𝑉 = 𝑅3 and 𝑣𝑝 , 𝑣2 𝑣3 be a basis of R3 . Let 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑉 be a linear

transformation such that. By writing the matrix of T with respect to another basis,
1 1 1 3 0 0
show that the matrix [1 1 1] is similar to [0 0 0]
1 1 1 0 0 0
[20 Marks]
158.Let 𝑉 = 𝑅3 and 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑉 be linear map defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 + 𝑧, −2𝑥 +
𝑦, −𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧). What is the matrix of 𝑇 with respect to the basis (1,0,1), (−1,1,1)
and (0,1,1)? Using this matrix, write down the matrix of 𝑇 with respect to the basis
(0,1,2), (−1,1,1) and (0,1,1) [20 Marks]

159.Let 𝑉 and 𝑊 be finite dimensional vector spaces such that dim ∨≥ dim 𝑊.
show that there is always a linear map from 𝑉 onto 𝑊
[20 Marks].

160.Solve 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 1
2𝑥 − 7𝑧 = 3
by using Cramer's rule
[20 Marks]
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 5 [15 Marks]

161.Find the inverse of the matrix

0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
[ ]
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0
by computing its characteristic polynomial.
[20 Marks]

24
 162.Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be n × n matrices such that 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴. Show that A and 𝐵 have a
common characteristic vector.
[20 Marks]

2/3 −2/3 1/3

163.Reduce to canonical form the orthogonal matrix [2/3 1/3 −2/3]
1/3 2/3 2/3
[20 Marks]

1995
164.Let 𝐓 be the linear operation in 𝐑3 defined 𝑇(𝑥𝑝 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥𝑦 ) = (3𝑥1 + 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥1 +
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 4𝑥𝑦 ). What is the matrix of 𝑇 in the standard ordered basis of R3 ?
What is a basis of range space of 𝑇 and a basis of null space of 𝑇 ?
[20 Marks]

165.Let 𝐴 be a sqaure matrix of order 𝑛. Prove that 𝐴𝑋 = 𝑏 has solution if and only if
𝑏 ∈ 𝐑𝑛 is orthogonal to all solutions 𝑌 of the system 𝐴𝑇 𝑌 = 0
[20 Marks]
166.Define a similar matrix. Prove that the characterstic equation of two similar
matrices is the same. Let 1,2 and 3 be the Eigen-values of a matrix. Write down such
a matrix. Is such a matrix unique?
[20 Marks]
5 −6 −6
167.Show that [−1 4 2 ] is diagonalizable and hence determine 𝐀5 .
3 −6 −4
[20 Marks]

168.Let 𝐀 and 𝐁 be matrices of order n. Prove that if (𝐼 − 𝐴𝐵) is invertible, then

(𝐼 − 𝐵𝐴) is also invertible and (𝐼 − 𝐵𝐴)−1 = 𝐼 + 𝐵(𝐼 − 𝐴𝐵)−1 𝐴. Show that AB and
BA have precisely the same characteristic values.
[20 Marks]
169.If a and 𝐛 complex numbers such that |𝑏| = 1 and H is a hermitian marix, show
the Eigen values of 𝑎𝐼 + 𝑏𝐻 lie on a straight line in the complex plane. [20 Marks]
170.Let 𝐴 be a symmetric matrix. Show that 𝐴 is positive definite if and only if its
Eigen values are all positive.
[20 Marks]

25
 171.Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be square matrices of order 𝑛. Show that 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐴 can never be
equal to unit matrix.
[20 Marks]
1994
172.Show that 𝑓𝐿 (𝑡) = 1, 𝑓2 (𝑡) = 𝑡 − 2, 𝑓3 (𝑡) = (𝑡 − 2)2 form a basis of 𝑃3 , the
space of polynomials with degree ≤ 2. Express 3𝑡 2 − 5𝑡 + 4 as a linear
combination of 𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑧 𝑓3.
[20 Marks]
173.If 𝑇: 𝑉4 (𝑅) → 𝑉3 (𝑅) is a linear transformation defined by 𝑇(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑) = (𝑎 −
𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑐 − 𝑑, 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 3𝑐 − 3𝑑). For 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ∈ 𝑅, then verify
that Rank 𝑇 + Nullity 𝑇 = dim 𝑉𝑓 (𝑅)
[20 Marks]
174.if 𝑇 is an operator on 𝑅3 whose basis is 𝐵 = {(1,0,0), (0,1,0), (−1,1,0)} such
0 1 1
that [𝑇: 𝐵] = [ 1 0 −1] find the matrix 𝑇 with respect to a basis 𝐵1 =
−1 −1 0
{(0,1, −1), (1. −1,1)(−1,1,0)}
[20 Marks]
175.If A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is an n × n matrix such that 𝑎𝑖 = 𝑛, aa = r if i ≠ j, show that [𝐴 −
(𝑛 − 𝑟)𝐼] [𝐴 − (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 𝑛𝑟)𝐼] = 0. Hence find the inverse of the n × n matrix 𝐵 =
1
[𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]. Where 𝑏𝑖 = 1, 𝑏𝑖 = 𝜌 when 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗 and 𝜌 ≠ 1, 𝜌 ≠ 1−𝑛
[20 Marks]
176.Prove that the Eigen vectors corresponding to distinct Eigen values of a sqaure
matrix are linearly independent.
[20 Marks]
3 1 4
178.Determine the Eigen values and eigen vectors of the matrix 𝐴 = [0 2 6]
0 0 5
[20 Marks]

179.Show that a matrix congruent to a skew-symmetric is skew-symmetric. Use the

result to prove that the determinant of skew-symmetric matrix of even order is the
sqaure of a rational function of its elements.
[20 Marks]
0 𝑐 −𝑏 𝑎′
−𝑐 0 𝑎 𝑏′
180.Find the rank of the matrix [ ] where
𝑏 −𝑎 0 𝑐′
−𝑎′ −𝑏′ −𝑐 ′ 0

26
 aa′ + bb′ + cc ′ = 0a, b, c are all positive integers.
[20 Marks]
181.Reduce the following symmetric matrix to a diagonal form and interpret the
3 2 −1
result in terms of quadratic forms: 𝐴 = [ 2 2 3 ]
−1 3 1
[20 Marks]

1993
182. Show that the set S = {(1,0,0), (1,1,0)(1,1,1), (0,1,0)} spans the vector space
𝑅3 (𝑅) but it is not a basis set.
[20 Marks]

183.Define rank and nullity of a linear transformation 𝑇. If 𝑉 be finite dimentional

vector space and 𝑇 a linear operator on 𝑉 such that rank 𝑇 2 = rank T, then prove
that the null space of 𝑇 = the null space of T 2 and the intersection of the range
space and null space to 𝑇 is the zero subspace of 𝑉.
[20 Marks]

184. If the matrix of a linear operator 𝑇 on 𝑅2 relative to the standard basis

1 1
{(1,0), (0,1)} is ( ) what is the matrix of T relative to the basis
1 1
𝐵 = {(1,1), (1, −1)}? [20 Marks]
𝐴 𝑂 −1
185. Prove that the inverse of [ ] is [ −1𝐴 −1 𝑂 ] where A, C are not singular
𝐵 𝐶 𝐶 𝐵𝐴 𝐶 −1
1 0 0 0
1 1 0 0
matrices and hence find the inverse of [ ]
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1
[20 Marks].

186. If A be an orthogonal matrix with the property that −1 is not an Eigen value, then
show that a is expressible as (𝐼 − 𝑆)(𝑆 + 𝑆)−𝑆𝐼 for some suitable skew-symmetric
matrix S.
[20 Marks]

187. Show that any two Eigen vectors corresponding to two distnict Eigen value
of
(i) Hermitian matrix

27
(ii) Unitary matrix are orthogonal
[20 Marks]
188. A matrix 𝐵 of order 𝑛 × 𝑛 is of the form 𝜆 A where 𝜆 is a scalar and 𝐴 has unit
elements everywhere except in the diagonal which has elements 𝜇. Find 𝜆 and 𝜇
so that 𝐵 may be orthogoanl.
[20 Marks]

1 −1 3 6
189. Find the rank of the matrix [1 3 −3 −4] by reducing it to canonical
5 3 3 11
form.

[20 Marks]

190. Determine the following form as definite, semi-definite or indefinite:

2𝑥12 + 2𝑥22 + 3𝑥32 − 4𝑥2 𝑥3 − 4𝑥3 𝑥1 + 2𝑥𝑙 𝑥2
[20 Marks]
1992

191.Let 𝑉 and 𝑈 be vector spaces over the field 𝐾 and let 𝑉 be of finite dimension.
Let 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑈 be a linear Map. dim 𝑉 = dim 𝑅(𝑇) + dim 𝑁(𝑇)
[20 Marks]
192.Let S = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)/𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0}, 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 being real. Prove that 𝑆 is a subspace
of 𝑅3 . Find a basis of 𝑆
[20 Marks]
193.Verify which of the following are linear transformations?
(i) 𝑇: 𝑅 → 𝑅2 defined by 𝑇(𝑥) = (2𝑥, −𝑥)
(ii) 𝑇: 𝑅2 → 𝑅3 defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥𝑦, 𝑦, 𝑥)
(iii) 𝑇: 𝑅2 → 𝑅3 defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥 + 𝑦, 𝑦, 𝑥)
(iv) 𝑇: 𝑅 → 𝑅2 defined by 𝑇(𝑥) = (1, −1)
[20 Marks]
194.𝑇: 𝑀2,𝑙 → 𝑀2,3 be a linear transformation defined by (with usual notations)
1 2 1 3 1 6 1 0 𝑥
𝑇( ) = ( ),𝑇( ) = ( ) Find 𝑇 (𝑦)
0 4 1 5 1 0 0 2
[20 Marks]

195. For what values of 𝜂 do the following equations

𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 =1

28
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 𝜂

𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 𝜂2 Have solutions? Solve them completely in each case.[20

Marks]

196. Prove that a necessary and sufficient condition of a real quadratic form
𝑋 ′ 𝐴𝑋 to be positive definite is that the leading principal minors of 𝐴 are all
positive. [20 Marks]

197. State Cayley-Hamilton theorem and use it to calculate the inverse of the

2 1
matrix → ( )
4 3
[20 Marks]

198. Transform the following to the diagonal forms and give the transformation
employed: 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦, 8𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 5𝑦 2
[20 Marks]

199. Prove that the characteristic roots of a Hermitian matrix are all real and a
characteristic root of a skew-Hermitian is either zero or a pure imaginary
number.
[20 Marks]

29