ALEVEL MATHEMATICS SEMINAR 2018

MECHANICS

1. (𝑎) A particle moving in a straight line with a uniform acceleration 𝑎 𝑚𝑠 −2

passes certain point with a velocity 𝑢 𝑚𝑠 −1 . 3 s later another particle,
moving in the same straight line with a constant acceleration 4⁄3 𝑎 𝑚𝑠 −2 ,
passes the same point with a velocity of 1⁄3 𝑢 𝑚𝑠 −1 . The first particle is
overtaken by the second particle when their velocities are 8.1𝑚𝑠 −1 and
9.3𝑚𝑠 −1 respectively. Find the;
(i) value of u and a
(ii) Distance travelled from the point

(𝑏) A particle of weight 20N rests on a rough plane inclined at 300 to the
horizontal, the coefficient of friction between the particle and the plane
being 0.25. Find the horizontal force required;
(i) To just prevent the particle from slipping down
(ii) To make the particle just begin to slide up.

3𝑟
2. (𝑎) Show that the position of C.O.G of a uniform solid hemisphere of radius r is from the
8
straight edge.
(𝑏) A child’s toy consist of a solid uniform hemisphere of radius r and a solid right
circular cone of base radius r and height h. The base radius of the solids are glued
together. If the density of the hemisphere is k times that of the cone,
(i) show that the distance from the vertex of the cone to the centre of gravity
of the toy is
𝑘𝑟(3𝑟 + 8ℎ) + 3ℎ2
4(2𝑘𝑟 + ℎ)
If the toy is suspended from a point on the rim of the common base and rests
in equilibrium with the axis of the cone inclined at an angle of 𝜃 to the
4𝑟(2𝑘𝑟+ℎ)
downward vertical. Show that 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = ℎ2 −3𝑘𝑟 2

3. (𝑎) Two smooth spheres A and B of equal radii and masses 180g and 100g respectively
are travelling along the same horizontal line. The initial speeds of A and B are
2m/s and 6m/s respectively. The spheres collide and after collision both spheres
reverse their directions and B moves with a speed of 3m/s. Find the speed of A
after collision and loss in kinetic energy of the system.

(𝑏) The diagram below shows a 4kg mass on a horizontal rough plane with
coefficient of friction 0.25. The 4√3 kg mass rests on a smooth plane
inclined at angles of 600 to the horizontal while the 3kg rests on a rough

1
 0
plane inclined at an angle 30 to the horizontal and coefficient of friction
1
. The masses are connected to each other by a light inextensible strings
√3
passing over a light smooth fixed pulleys B and C
4kg
B C
kg
4 3 3kg

A 600 300 D

(a)Find the
(i) Acceleration of the system
(ii) Tension in the strings
(b)Find the work done against friction if each particle travels a distance
of 0.5m

4. (𝑎) A vertical tower stands on a level ground. A stone is thrown from the top
4
of the tower and has an initial velocity of 24.5m at an angle of 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (3 )
above the horizontal. The stone strikes the ground at a point 73.5m from
the foot of the tower. Find the;
(i) time taken for the stone to reach the ground
(ii) height of the tower
(b) A particle is projected from a point O on the level ground, with initial
speed un/s to pass through a point which is a horizontal distance a from O
and a distance b vertically above the level O
(i) show that there are two possible angles of projection
𝑎
(ii) If these angles are 𝛼 and 𝛽, prove that 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝛼 + 𝛽) = − 𝑏
take 𝑔 = 10𝑚𝑠 −2

5. (𝑎) ABCD is a square of side 3m. Forces of magnitude 1N, 2N, 3N, sN, and tN
act along the line AB, BC, CD, DA, and AC respectively, in each case the
direction of the force being given by the order of the letters. Taking AB
as horizontal and BC as vertical, find the values of s and t so that the
resultant of the forces is a couple.
(b) ABCDEF is a regular hexagon of side 2a. Forces of magnitude 3N, 4N, 2N,
1N, uN and vN act along the line AB, BC, CD, DE, EF and FA respectively,
in each case the direction of the force being given by the order of the
letters. Find the resultant of the value of u and v if the resultant of
the six forces acts along CE

NUMERICAL METHODS AND ERRORS

6. (𝑎) Show that the equation 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 = 0 has a real root between 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑥 = 3
(b) Using linear interpolation to find the first approximation for the root
(a) above, correct your answer to 2dp

2
 (c) Use Newton Raphson method to find the value of the root of the equation
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 = 0, use the first approximation in (b) above correct your
answer to 2dp

7. (𝑎) Show that the iterative formula base on Newton Raphson’s method for
finding the natural logarithm of a number N is given by
𝑒 𝑥𝑛 (𝑥𝑛 − 1) + 𝑁
𝑥𝑛+1 = , 𝑛 = 0, 1, 2 … … … … … …
𝑒 𝑥𝑛
(𝑏) Draw a flow chart that;
(i)Reads N and the initial approximation 𝑥0 of the root
(ii) Computes and prints the natural logarithm after four iterations
and gives the natural logarithm to three decimal places
(𝑐) Taking, 𝑁 = 10, 𝑥0 = 2, perform a dry run for the flow chart, give your
root correct to three decimal places

8. (a) Use the trapezium rule with five sub intervals to estimate the area
enclosed by the curve 𝑦 = x 2 𝑒 𝑥 ,the 𝑥-axis, 𝑥 = 0, and 𝑥 = 1,
Give your answer correct to 3dp.
1
(b) (i) find the exact value of ∫0 x 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(ii) find the relative error in your estimation
Suggest how the error may be reduced

9. Given that 𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

(a) Deduce that the maximum possible relative error in A is given by
∆𝑥 ∆𝑦
│ │+│ │ + |∆𝜃|𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
𝑥 𝑦
where ∆𝑥, ∆𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝜃 are small numbers compared to 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝜃
respectively
(b) find the percentage error made in the area, if 𝑥 and 𝑦 are measured
with errors of ±0.5 and angle with an error of ±0. 50 given that
𝑥 = 2.5𝑐𝑚, 𝑦 = 3.4𝑐𝑚 and 𝜃 = 30°

10.The numbers 𝑀 and 𝑁 are approximated with possible errors of

𝑒1 and 𝑒2 respectively.
𝑀
(a) Show that the maximum absolute error in the quotient 𝑁 is given by
M 𝑒1 𝑒2
| | {│ │ + │ │}
𝑁 𝑀 𝑁
(b) A car covers a distance of 6.43𝑘𝑚 with an average speed of 37.2𝑘𝑚ℎ−1,
where the quantities are rounded off to the given decimal point, find
the range within which the time the bicycle takes in travel lies.

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 STATISTICS

11.The frequency distribution table shows the weight of 100 children

measured to the nearest kg
weight <15 <20 <25 <30 <40 <50
Number of children 5 14 26 44 84 100
(a)Calculate the;
(i) mean and
(ii) standard deviation
(iii) mode
(b)Draw a cumulative frequency curve and use it to estimate
(i) Median
(ii) Semi interquartile range
(iii) Number of children with weight above 37kg
12. (𝑏) The table below shows the price relatives for the year 2012, 2015 and 2017
together with their weights for a certain family
Price (shs)

Item Weight 2012 2015 2017

food 35 100 98 125
water 11 100 102 121
housing 8 100 105 112
Electricity 6 100 100 108
Clothing 22 100 115 118

(i) Using 2012 as the base year, calculate the value of the cost of
living index for 2015 and 2017
(ii) Given that a certain item costs 56000/= in 2012, determine its likely
cost in 2015 and 2017 respectively An(103.93, 120, )
(𝑏) The table below shows the prices ( in Ug Shs) of some food items in
January, June and December together with the corresponding weights.
Price (shs)

Item Weight Jan Jun Dec

Matooke (1 bunch) 4 15,000 13,000 18,000
Meat ( 1kg) 1 6,500 6,000 7,150
Posho ( 1kg) 3 2,000 1,800 1,600
Beans ( 1kg) 2 2,200 2,000 2,800

Taking January as the base month, calculate the;

(i) Simple aggregate price index for June
(ii) Weighted aggregate price index for December
An((i) 88.72, (ii) 116.61)

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 13. Eight candidates seeking admission to a certain school sat for mathematics
and physics exams. The scores were shown below.
Maths (x) 55 54 35 62 87 53 71 50
Physics (y) 57 60 47 65 83 56 74 63
(a)Plot the results on a scatter diagram. Comment on the relationship
between the mathematics and physics
(b)Draw the line of best fit on your graph and use it to estimate y when
𝑥 = 70 An(71)
(c)Calculate the rank correlation coefficient. Comment on the significance
of the result at 5% significant level An(𝜌 = 0.833)

14. (𝑎) Box P contains 4 red and 3 green sweets and box Q contains 5 red and 6 green
sweets. A box is randomly selected and 2 sweets are randomly picked from
it, one at a time without replacement. If P is twice as likely to be picked
as Q, find the probability that both sweets are
(i) of the same colours,
(ii) from P given that they are of same colours.
(iii) expected number of red sweets removed
(𝑏) The continuous random variable X has a cumulative distribution function
F(x) where
0, 𝑥≤0
𝛼𝑥 0≤𝑥≤1
𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥
+𝛽 1≤𝑥≤2
3
{ 1, 𝑥≥2
Find the
(i) Value of 𝛼 and 𝛽
(ii) Probability density function, f(x) and sketch it
(iii) Mean of X and variance of X
(iv) 𝑃(𝑋 < 1.5⁄𝑋 > 1)
2 1 5 19
An (𝑖) 𝛼 = 3 , 𝛽 = 3 (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝜇 = 6 , 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋) = 36 (𝑖𝑣) = 0.4998

15.(a) The marks of an examination were normally distributed. 20% of the

students scored below 40 marks while 10% of the students scored above 75
marks
(i) Find the mean mark and standard deviation of the students
(ii) If 25 students were chosen at random from those who sat for the
examination, what is the probability that their average mark
exceeds 60
(iii) If a sample of 8 students were chosen, find the probability that
not more than 3 scored between 45 and 65 marks An((a) 𝜇 =53.87,
𝜎 =16.473, (𝒃) =0.0313, (𝒄) = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝟏𝟗)

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 (iv) If a random sample of 60 students is taken from the population
calculate the 95% confidence interval for 𝜇 based on the sample
(𝑏) Events A and B are such that 𝑃(𝐴 𝑈 𝐵) = 0.8, 𝑃(𝐴⁄𝐵 ) = 0.2 and 𝑃(𝐴1 𝑛 𝐵) =
0.4. Find
(i) 𝑃(𝐴 𝑛 𝐵)
(ii) 𝑃(𝐵)
(iii) 𝑃(𝐴)
(iv) 𝑃 (𝐴⁄𝐵1 )
An (𝒊) = 𝟎. 𝟏 (𝒊𝒊) = 𝟎. 𝟓 (𝒊𝒊𝒊) = 𝟎. 𝟒 (𝒊𝒗) = 𝟎. 𝟔, (𝒗) = 𝟎. 𝟒

6
 Solutions
1. (a) 𝑣 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
2
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
For 1st particle: (8.1)2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠 For 1 particle: 8.12 = 0.92 + 2𝑥0.15𝑠
st

65.61 − 𝑢2 = 2𝑎𝑠 … … … … . (𝑖) 𝑠 = 216𝑚

2 (𝑏)
For 2nd particle: (9.3)2 = (𝑢 1⁄3) + 2x 4⁄3 𝑎𝑠
(i) R
0.866P
𝑢2 8
86.49 − = 𝑎𝑠 Pcos 300
9 3 P
778.41 − 𝑢2 8
= 𝑎𝑠 … … … … . (𝑖𝑖) 10N 300
9 3
(𝑖𝑖) ÷ (𝑖) 20Cos30 17.321N
300
778.41 − 𝑢2 8 Pcos 300
( 9 )⁄ 𝑎𝑠 0.5 P
3 ⁄
(65.61 − 𝑢2 ) = 2𝑎𝑠
𝑅 = 0.5P + 17.321
778.41 − 𝑢2
x3 = (65.61 − 𝑢2 )𝑥4
9 10 = 0.866𝑃 + 0.25𝑅
778.41 − 𝑢2 = (262.44 − 4𝑢2 )3 10 = 0.866𝑃 + 0.25(0.5P + 17.321)
10 − 4.33025 = 0.866𝑃 + 0.125𝑃
778.41 − 𝑢2 = 787.32 − 12𝑢2 𝑃 = 5.721𝑁
11𝑢2 = 8.91
R
𝑢2 = 0.81 (ii) 0.866P

𝑢 = 0.9𝑚𝑠 −1 Pcos 300

P
Also 𝑣 = u + at
For 1st particle: 8.1 = 0.9 + aT 10N 300

7.2 = aT … … … . . (iii)
17.321N
For 2 particle: 9.3 = 1⁄3 𝑥0.9 + 4⁄3 𝑎 (T − 3)
20Cos30
nd 300 Pcos 300

9 = 4⁄3 aT − 4a … … … . . (iv)
0.5 P

Put (iii) into (iv) 𝑅 = 0.5P + 17.321

9 = 4⁄3 x7.2 − 4a
10 = 0.866𝑃 − 0.25𝑅
−0.6 = −4𝑎 10 = 0.866𝑃 − 0.25(0.5P + 17.321)
𝑎 = 0.15𝑚𝑠 −2 10 + 4.33025 = 0.866𝑃 + 0.125𝑃
𝑃 = 19.3391𝑁
2 (𝑎)
𝑟
2 3 𝑥2 𝑥4
P(x,h) 𝑟 𝑥̅ = [𝑟 2 − ]
0 r y 3 2 4 0
dx
4 4
x
r
2 3 𝑟 𝑟
𝑟 𝑥̅ = −
3 2 4
3𝑟
Vol of a hemisphere=volof the element 𝑥̅ =
𝑟 8
2 2 (𝑏)(i)
𝑊 𝜋𝑟 3 𝑥̅ = 𝑊𝜋 ∫ 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
3
0 Y-axis
But 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 r
𝑦2 = 𝑟2 − 𝑥2
𝑟 h X-axis
2 3
𝜋𝑟 𝑥̅ = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑥(𝑟 2 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
3
0

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 Let w be weight per unit volume of a 𝑘𝑟(3𝑟 + 8ℎ) + 3ℎ2
𝑥̅ =
cone and wk weight per unit volume of a 4(2𝑘𝑟 + ℎ)
hemisphere
2 (𝑏)(ii)
lamina Weight C.O.G from y axis
3
Cone 1 r 2hW h
3 4 X

hemisphere 2  r 3Wk h 
3r G Ɵ r
3 8

Composite 1 r 2 (h  2rk)W x h
3 𝑘𝑟(3𝑟+8ℎ)+3ℎ2
C.O.G from the base= ℎ − 4(2𝑘𝑟+ℎ)
1 2 2 3 3𝑟 1 2 3ℎ
𝜋𝑟 (ℎ + 2𝑟𝑘)𝑊𝑥̅ = 𝜋𝑟 (ℎ + ) 𝑘𝑊 + 𝜋𝑟 ℎ ( ) 𝑊 8𝑘𝑟ℎ + 4ℎ2 − 3𝑘𝑟 2 − 8𝑘𝑟ℎ − 3ℎ2
3 3 8 3 4 =
3𝑟 3ℎ2 4(2𝑘𝑟 + ℎ)
(ℎ + 2k𝑟)𝑥̅ = 2𝑟𝑘 (ℎ + ) + ℎ2 − 3𝑘𝑟 2
8 4 =
16rkh + 6k𝑟 2 + 6ℎ2 4(2𝑘𝑟 + ℎ)
𝑥̅ = 𝒓 4𝑟(2𝑘𝑟+ℎ)
8(ℎ + 2k𝑟) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = ℎ2 −3𝑘𝑟2 = ℎ2 −3𝑘𝑟 2
2 2
8rkh + 3k𝑟 + 3ℎ (
4(2𝑘𝑟+ℎ)
)
𝑥̅ =
8(ℎ + 2k𝑟)
3.
(𝑎) 𝑚𝐴 𝑢𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑢𝐵 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵 3kg mass: 𝑇3 − 14.7 − 14.7 = 3𝑎
0.18𝑥2 + 0.1𝑥 − 6 = 0.18𝑥−𝑣𝐴 + 0.1𝑥3 𝑇3 − 29.4 = 3𝑎…..(i)
𝑣𝐴 = 3𝑚𝑠 −1 4kg mass: 𝑇4 − 𝑇3 − 9.8 = 4𝑎…….(ii)
1 1
initial k.e= 2 𝑥0.18𝑥22 + 2 𝑥0.1𝑥(−6)2 4√3kg mass: 58.8 − 𝑇4 = 4√3𝑎………(iii)
= 2.16𝐽 (ii) + (i)
1 1 𝑇4 − 39.2 = 7𝑎………(iv)
final k.e= 2 𝑥0.18𝑥(−3)2 + 2 𝑥0.1𝑥(3)2
(iii) + (iv)
= 1.26𝐽
loss in k.e= 2.16 − 1.260.9𝐽 58.8 − 39.2 = (7 + 4√3)𝑎
(𝑏) 𝑎 = 1.4072𝑚𝑠 −2
Tension:
R4
a ms-2 𝑇3 − 29.4 = 3𝑎
a ms-2 a ms-2
𝑇3 = 3x1.4072 + 29.4 = 33.6217N
T4
A T3 B R3 𝑇4 − 39.2 = 7𝑎
R6
T4
T3 𝑇4 = 7𝑥1.4072 + 39.2 = 49.0504𝑁
μR4

4g
1
4
x39.2
14.7N Work done:
39.2N
9.8N 𝑊 = 𝐹𝑑
4 3gcos60 𝑊 = (14.7 + 9.8)𝑥0.5 = 12.25𝐽
14
3

1
.7
4

3 x14.7 300
600
3N

𝟒(𝒂)
24.5m/s tan  
4
3
Time of flight 𝑡 = 2.54𝑠
Ɵ sin  
4
5
For horizontal motion:
h cos  
3
5
𝑥 = 𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑥𝑡
3
73.5m 73.5 = 24.5x t
5
8
 t = 5s 5𝑎2 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 − a𝑢2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + (𝑏𝑢2 + 5𝑎2 ) = 0
For vertical motion: 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑡 − ½ 𝑔𝑡 2 since its a quadratic equation in
4 9.8(5)2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃, its has two roots and
h = 24.5𝑥 5 x5- 2
two values of 𝜃 < 90
= 98 − 122.5
ℎ = −24.5𝑚 a𝑢2
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 = 2 … … … . . (𝑖)
24.5 m below the point of projection 5𝑎
(𝑏𝑢2 + 5𝑎2 )
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 = … … … (𝑖𝑖)
𝟒(𝒃) 5𝑎2
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽
𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝛼 + 𝛽) = … … (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
y-axis
Um/s 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽
a𝑢2
( 2)

b 5𝑎
𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝛼 + 𝛽) =
a x-axis 𝑏𝑢2 + 5𝑎2
1−( )
𝑔 𝑥 2 ( 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃) 5𝑎2
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − a𝑢2
2 𝑢2 ( 2) a𝑢2 5𝑎2
5𝑎
10𝑥a2 ( 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃) = = ( ) 𝑥
b = a𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 5𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑢2 + 5𝑎2 5𝑎2 −𝑏𝑢2
2𝑥u2 ( 2 )
2 5𝑎
5a 𝑎
b = a𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 2 ( 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃) 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝛼 + 𝛽) = −
𝑢 𝑏
𝑏𝑢2 = a𝑢2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 5𝑎2 ( 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃)

5(a)
D 3N C Since the resultant is vertical, its
2N 3m
horizontal component is zero
sN

45 0
tN
1N
(→) 4 − 𝑢 + (2 − 1 − 𝑣 + 3)𝑐𝑜𝑠60 = 0
B
A 3m (4 − 𝑣)𝑥0.5 = 𝑢 − 4
1 0 −3 0 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠45 2𝑢 + 𝑣 = 12 … … … . . (𝑖)
R=( )+( )+( )+( )+( )
0 2 0 −𝑠 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛45 (↑) (2 + 1 − 𝑣 − 3)𝑠𝑖𝑛60 = 𝑅
0
R=( ) √3
0 −𝑣 = 𝑅 … … … … . (𝑖𝑖)
(→) 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠45 = 2 2
2
𝑡= = 2√2𝑁
O
𝑅𝑎 = (3 + 4 + 2 + 1 + u + v)𝑎√3
𝑐𝑜𝑠45 𝑅 = (10 + u + v)√3…………(iii)
(↑) 2 − 𝑠 + 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛45 = 0
Equating (ii) and (iii)
𝑠 = 2 + 2√2𝑠𝑖𝑛45 = 4𝑁
It must also be shown that 𝐺 ≠ 0 √3
−𝑣 = (10 + u + v)√3
2
A
𝐺 = 2x3 + 3x3 = 15Nm 2𝑢 + 3𝑣 = −20 … … … (𝑖𝑣)
o
uN E
0
F 2a (iv)-(i)
60 vN
1N 2𝑣 = −32
a 3
A
a O a 60 0
M A
𝑣 = −16
D a
2a
R Also 2𝑢 + 𝑣 = 12
3N 2N MO  2 a 2  a2
60 0 2𝑢 − 16 = 12
4N 600 MO  4a 2  a 2
B C 2𝑢 = 28
2a MO  a 3 𝑢 = 14

9
6(a)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥𝑛 ( ) − (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑛 )
𝑓(3) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(3) + 3 = 2.857 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑛 𝑛
𝑓(2) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(2) + 2 = −0.185
𝑥𝑛+1 =
1
Since there is a sign change, then ( + 1)
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑛
the root lies between 1 and 2 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑛
( 𝑛 )
6(b) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑛
𝑥𝑛+1 =
x 1 x0 2 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑛
( )
f(x) 2.857 0 -0.185 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑛
𝑥0 − 1 2−1 𝑥𝑛 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑛
= =
0 − 2.857 −0.185 − 2.857 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑛
𝑥0 = 1.94 𝑥𝑛 − 0.5𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑛
6(c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑛 = 0,1,2,3 … …
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑛
𝑓 1 (𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 + 1 𝑥0 = 1.94
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑛 + 𝑥𝑛 1.94 − 0.5𝑠𝑖𝑛2x1.94
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 − ( ) 𝑥1 = = 2.014
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑛 + 1 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 1.94
𝑥𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑛 + 𝑥𝑛 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑛 − 𝑥𝑛 2.014 − 0.5𝑠𝑖𝑛2x2.014
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥2 = = 2.028
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑛 + 1 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2.014
2.028 − 0.5𝑠𝑖𝑛2x2.028
𝑥3 = = 2.029
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2.028
Root= 2.03
7(a)
𝑥 = In N ∴ e𝑥 = 𝑁 START
e𝑥 − 𝑁 = 0
𝑓(𝑥) = e𝑥 − 𝑁, 𝑓 1 (𝑥) = e𝑥 n=0
𝑥𝑛
e −𝑁 𝑥𝑛 e𝑥𝑛 − e𝑥𝑛 + 𝑁
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 − ( 𝑥 ) = READ: N, X0
e 𝑛 e 𝑥𝑛
𝑥𝑛 (𝑥
e 𝑛 − 1) + 𝑁
𝑥𝑛+1 =
e 𝑥𝑛
𝑛 = 0,1,2,3 … … exnx 1N X = X n1
7(𝑏) xx1  n xn n

e
n=n+1
IS NO
xn1  xn  0.0005? IS
n3 ? NO
YES YES
PRINT: N, X n1

STOP

7(𝑐)
n Xn X n 1 X n 1 Xn
0 2.0 2.3533 0.3533
1 2.3533 2.3039 0.0494
2 2.3039 2.3026 0.0013
3 2.3026 2.3026 0.0000
Root =2.303

10
 8.(a)
1−0 ≈ 0.74541 ≈ 0.745
ℎ= = 0.2 1
5
8(𝑏)(𝑖) ∫ x 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑥 ]10
2 x
x xe 0
= (12 𝑒 1 − 2𝑥1𝑒 1 + 2𝑒 1 ) − (02 𝑒 0 − 2𝑥0𝑒 0 + 2𝑒 0 )
0 0
0.2 0.0489 = 0.718
0.4 0.2387 (𝑏)(𝑖𝑖) 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = |𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒|
0.6 0.6560
0.8 1.4243 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = |0.718 − 0.745| = 0.027
1.0 2.7183 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 0.027
𝑅. 𝐸 = = = 0.038
𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 0.718
Sum 2.7183 2.3679 (b)(iii) Error is reduced by increasing
1
1 the number of sub intervals
∫ x 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ≈ 𝑥0.2[2.7183 + 2(2.3679)]
0 2

9(𝑎)
𝐴= 𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑦
𝑒𝐴 = ∆𝑥𝑓 1 (𝑥)
+ ∆𝑦𝑓 1 (𝑦)
+ ∆𝜃𝑓 1 (𝜃) =│ │+│ │ + |∆𝜃|𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
𝑥 𝑦
𝑒𝐴 = (∆𝑥)ysinθ + (∆𝑦)xsinθ + (∆𝜃)xycosθ ∆𝑥 ∆𝑦
9(b) R. E = │ 𝑥 │ + │ 𝑦 │ + |∆𝜃|𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
|𝑒𝐴 | = |(∆𝑥)ysinθ + (∆𝑦)xsinθ + (∆𝜃)xycosθ|
≤ |∆𝑥|ysinθ + |∆𝑦|xsinθ + |∆𝜃|xycosθ 0.05 0.05 0.5
𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 = |∆𝑥|ysinθ + |∆𝑦|xsinθ + |∆𝜃|xycosθ =│ │+│ │+| 𝜋| 𝑐𝑜𝑡30°
2.5 3.4 180
𝑅. 𝐸 = 0.0492
|∆𝑥|ysinθ + |∆𝑦|xsinθ + |∆𝜃|xycosθ % 𝑅. 𝐸 = 0.0492𝑥100% = 4.92%
𝑅. 𝐸 =
𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
|∆𝑥|ysinθ |∆𝑦|xsinθ |∆𝜃|xycosθ
=====
𝑅. 𝐸 = + + 𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 =1.
𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑒1 𝑀𝑒2
𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 = │ │ +│ 2 │
10. (𝑎) 𝑁 𝑁
(𝑀 + 𝑒1 ) 𝑀 M 𝑒1 𝑒2
𝑒𝑀⁄ = −( ) 𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 = | | {│ │ + │ │}
𝑁 (𝑁 + 𝑒2 ) 𝑁 𝑁 𝑀 𝑁
𝑀𝑁 + 𝑁𝑒1 − 𝑀𝑒2 − 𝑀𝑁 Alternatively
𝑒𝑀⁄ = 1
𝑁 𝑁 2 + 𝑁𝑒2 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = (𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛)
𝑁𝑒1 − 𝑀𝑒2 2
𝑒𝑀⁄ = 𝑒 1 (𝑀 + 𝑒1 ) (𝑀 − 𝑒1 )
𝑁
𝑁 2 (1 + 2 ) = [ − ]
𝑁 2 (𝑁 − 𝑒2 ) (𝑁 + 𝑒2 )
Since 𝑒1 and 𝑒2 are very small, then 𝑀 𝑒2 + 𝑁 𝑒1
𝑒2 𝑒𝑀⁄ =
≈0 𝑁 𝑁 2 − 𝑒2 2
𝑁
𝑁𝑒1 − 𝑀𝑒2 Since 𝑒1 and 𝑒2 are very small, then
|𝑒𝑀⁄ | = | | 𝑒2 2 ≈ 0
𝑁 𝑁2
|𝑁𝑒1 | + |𝑀𝑒2 | 𝑀 𝑒2 + 𝑁 𝑒1
|𝑒𝑀⁄ | ≤ |𝑒𝑀⁄ | = | |
𝑁 |𝑁 2 | 𝑁 𝑁2
|𝑁𝑒1 | + |𝑀𝑒2 | |𝑀𝑒2 | + |𝑁𝑒1 |
𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 = |𝑒𝑀⁄ | ≤
|𝑁 2 | 𝑁 |𝑁 2 |
𝑁𝑒1 𝑀𝑒2 |𝑀𝑒2 | + |𝑁𝑒1 |
𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 = │ │ +│ │ 𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑁2 𝑁2 |𝑁 2 |

11
 𝑁𝑒1 𝑀𝑒2 𝑁 = 37.2, 𝑒2 = 0.05
𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 = │ │ +│ 2 │
𝑁2 𝑁
𝑒1 𝑀𝑒2 |𝑀𝑒2 | + |𝑁𝑒1 |
𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 = │ │ +│ 2 │ 𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑁 𝑁 |𝑁 2 |
M 𝑒1 𝑒2 |6.43𝑥0.05| + |37.2𝑥0.005|
𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 = | | {│ │ + │ │} 𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.000367
𝑁 𝑀 𝑁 |(37.2)2 |
10. (𝑏) 𝑡 = 0.1728 ± 0.000367
𝑑 6.43
𝑡= = = 0.1728 Interval [0.172, 0.173]
𝑠 37.2
𝑀 = 6.43, 𝑒1 = 0.005

11.

weight x f fx fx2
10 - < 15 12.5 5 62.5 781.25
15 - < 20 17.5 9 157.5 2756.25
20 - < 25 22.5 12 270 6075
25 - < 30 27.5 18 498 13612.5
30 - < 40 35 40 1400 49000
40 - < 50 45 16 720 32400
Σf=100 Σfx=3108 Σfx2=104625
∑ 𝑓𝑥 3108
𝑥̅ = = = 31.08𝑘𝑔
∑𝑓 100
2
∑ 𝑓𝑥 2 ∑ 𝑓𝑥
𝑆. 𝐷 = √ −( )
∑𝑓 ∑𝑓

104625
𝑆. 𝐷 = √ − (31.08)2 = 8.9601kg
100

12
100
C.F
71 students
90 Required number
=100-71
=29
80
3825
S.I.R   6.5kg
70 2

60

50

40
q 1  25 kg

30

20 Median =35kg

q 3  38 kg
10

0
10 20 30 40 50 60
T.C.B

13
14