What happens to

our food after we

eat them?
 The digestive system consists of several organs that
function together to break down the foods you eat into
molecules your body can use for energy and nutrients.
The main organs of digestive
system are the following:
1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small intestines
5. Large intestines
6. Rectum
7. Anus
Accessory organs
include the following:
1. Liver
2. Pancreas
3. Gallbladder
The Main Organs and
functions of the
Digestive System
The digestive tract begins at
the mouth. Digestion starts
when food is taken into the
mouth, ground up by the
teeth and moistened with
saliva.
Esophagus is a hollow, muscular
tube that carries food from the
mouth to the stomach, after it is
swallowed. A ring of muscle at
the end of the esophagus lets
food into your stomach and
stops stomach contents from
going back up to the esophagus.
 Stomach is a muscular organ
that digests food and
temporary receptacle for
storage. When your stomach
receives food, it contracts and
produces acids and enzymes
that break down food.
 A long tube-like organ that
connects the stomach and the
large intestine. It is about 20
feet long and folds many times
to fit inside the abdomen.
Its main function is to break
down food, absorb nutrients
needed for the body, and get
rid of the unnecessary
components.
 The large intestine is much
broader than the small intestine
and takes a much straighter
path through your belly, or
abdomen. The purpose of the
large intestine is to absorbs
water, minerals and vitamins.
 Rectum acts as a
temporary storage site
for undigested food.
The anus is the opening
at the far end of the
digestive tract through
which stool leaves the
body.
 The function of the digestive system is digestion, the
breakdown of organic compounds into their simple
forms for use by the cells. Digestion is the chief function
of the digestive system. It breaks down food
mechanically and chemically.
 INGESTION
A. Ingestion is the first
process that happens in
digestive system. It is the
journey of taking in food or
any substance into the body
through the mouth. The
journey of food starts when a
bit of hamburger enters your
mouth.
 DIGESTION
A. Digestion is the second
process involved in digestive
system. It is the process that
involves break down of large
food molecules into smaller
molecules for easy absorption
of the cells. Both chemical and
mechanical digestions begin
immediately in the mouth.
 While the food is in the
mouth, the teeth cut,
crush, and break it apart
into tiny pieces while the
tongue helps mix food
with saliva secreted by
the salivary glands

Forming into a moist ball called bolus so it can be easily

swallowed. This process is known as mastication or chewing
considered as a mechanical digestion, which is the initial
stage of digestion.
 The saliva contains salivary
amylase, the enzyme that breaks
down starch into smaller
carbohydrate. Then, the bolus
passes from the mouth to the
esophagus - a tube that attaches
the mouth to the stomach. A
series of wave-like muscle
contractions known as peristalsis
push and transport foods and
liquids in small sections to the
stomach.
The stomach is a J-shaped,
bag-like muscular organ
that can hold
approximately one liter of
fluid and food. The primary
function of the stomach is
to store food, which turns
to chyme after being acted
on by the stomach acid.
 Chyme is a semifluid
material formed from bolus
that is acted upon by the
gastric juices secreted by
the stomach. The walls of
the stomach have special
cells that secrete gastric
juices like hydrochloric
acid and pepsin that begin
the chemical breakdown of
proteins.
There are three organs that are part of the digestive
system and helps in secretion of essential
substances. These organs are the liver, the
pancreas and the gall bladder.
 The liver produces
bile, a green fluid that
turns large fat
droplets into smaller
ones and stores them
in the gall bladder.
When necessary, bile
gets into the small
intestine and helps in
the digestion of fat.
The liver is the biggest
organ inside the body
with a mass of about
two kilograms. Gall
bladder - a small pear-
shaped sac that can
hold about 50ml of
bile. The pancreas is a
small organ found
below the stomach.
The small intestine is
an organ that breaks
down food further
into substances, such
as glucose, that can
be absorbed by the
villi. It has three parts
namely the
duodenum, the
jejunum, and ileum.
The duodenum is the first and
shortest part of the small
intestine that starts at the
lower end of the stomach and
extends for about 20 cm to 25
cm in length. Basically, it is in
charge for the continuous
breaking-down process as it
partially receives the chyme
from the stomach, it resumes
chemical digestion of food,
and prepares for absorption
through the villi.
The jejunum is the second
part of the small intestine
that is 2.5 cm in length. Its
wall works for absorption
through enterocytes or
columnar cells of small
nutrient particles which
have been previously
digested by the enzymes
in the duodenum.
 ABSORPTION
ABSORPTION is the third
process that happens in the
digestive system. It occurs
mostly in the small intestine
where several digestive juices,
pancreatic juice, and bile aid
in the chemical digestion of
food.
 Absorption is the process of
passing the soluble food
molecules in the wall of the
small intestine through the
villi – the tiny, finger-like
projections from the epithelial
lining of the intestinal wall.
Each villus contains blood
capillaries that enable it to
absorb water, glucose, amino
acids, vitamins, minerals, and
fatty acids.
 Absorption is the process of
passing the soluble food
molecules in the wall of the
small intestine through the
villi – the tiny, finger-like
projections from the epithelial
lining of the intestinal wall.
Each villus contains blood
capillaries that enable it to
absorb water, glucose, amino
acids, vitamins, minerals, and
fatty acids.
 ASSIMILATION
ASSIMILATION is the
fourth process that
occurs in the digestive
system. It is the
movement of digested
food nutrients into the
blood vessels of the
small intestine.
 The third part of the small
intestine is the ileum which
is about 3.5 meters in
length. Its main function is
the assimilation
(absorption) of B12 and the
re-assimilation
(reabsorption) of
conjugated bile salts.
 The Large intestine is divided
into caecum, ascending colon,
transverse colon, descending
colon, and sigmoid colon. This
is where reabsorption of
liquid, electrolytes and some
vitamins from the undigested
food takes place. It secretes
mucus to aid in the formation
of feces and maintains
alkaline conditions.
 EGESTION
EGESTION is the last
process that occurs in
the digestive system. It is
the release of undigested
food collected in the
rectum called feces and
pushed out of the body
through the anus by
defecation.
THANK YOU!!