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    Norton Lab Report

    Uploaded by

    tilingamawamaziko

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Norton Lab Report

    Uploaded by

    tilingamawamaziko
    6 views5 pages

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    norton lab report

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    6 views5 pages

    Norton Lab Report

    Uploaded by

    tilingamawamaziko

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 5

    AIM: To verify the Norton theorem

    ABSTRACT
    The experiment was carried out by taking four fixed resistors with different readings one being
    the load resistor and connecting them in a circuit in which R1 is in series with R2 which is in
    parallel with R3 which is in series with RL which at same time is in parallel with R3. Then the
    measured and calculated the equivalent resistance of R1, R2and R3 by removing RL and the
    voltage supply to make an open circuit. Then using Norton equivalent circuit current at RL was
    easily found hence showing Norton theorem which states that a complex circuit can be simplified
    to a simple parallel circuit.
    INTRODUCTION
    To verify Norton theorem there was a need for both theoretical and practical results therefore a
    complex circuit of four resistors was simplified to a simple parallel circuit both on paper and in
    practice.
    BACKGROUND
    Norton theorem is an extension of thevenin theorem was derived by two people in 1926 a
    researcher named Hans Mayer and later by an engineer called Edward Norton. It states that any
    complex linear circuit can be simplified into an equivalent simple circuit with a single current
    source in parallel with a single resistor connected to the load.
    METHODS AND MATERIALS
    1. Fixed resistors (1KΩ,1.8KΩ,3.3KΩ,2KΩ)
    2. Connecting wires
    3. Proto board
    4. Multimeter
    PROCEDURE
    1. Connect the resistors in a way that R1(1KΩ) is in series with R2(1.8KΩ) but parallel with
    R3(3.3KΩ) which is in series with RL(2KΩ) as show below.
    2. Open circuit the load resistor and short circuit the voltage supply in order to calculate the
    equivalent resistance called Norton resistance (RN)

    3. Afterwards set the circuit back as it was this time connect the multimeter set to measure
    current like so.

    4. While varying the voltage supplied by the proto board measure and record the current
    when the voltage is at 5V,10Vand 15V mark this IL (current through the load)
    5. Using Norton equivalent calculate the theoretical IL.
    RESULTS AND DISCUSION
    S.NO VOLTAGE NORTON EQUIVALENT LOAD CURRENT(IL)
    CURRENT (ISC)
    (V)
    PRACTICAL THEORECTCAL PRACTICAL THEORETCAL
    (mA) (mA) (mA) (mA)
    1 5 0.97 0.53 0.48

    2 10 1.95 1.05 0.97

    3 15 2.9 1.18 1.43


    After calculating the theoretical IL using the Norton circuit with the corresponding voltage is
    Type equation here .was noted that the results were in the same range as the practical current
    found .
    CONCLUSION
    In conclusion, with the results for both calculation and practical measurements in the same range
    this hence proves Norton theorem.

    References
    wikipedia. (2024, march 24). history of Norton theorem . Retrieved from wikipedia.org:
    https//en.m.wikipedia.org

    APPENDCIES
    Norton’s equivalent circuit

    RN + RL
    I=I SC ×
    RN × RL

    Measuring
    the
    load current
    for 15v
    calibrating the proto board to supply 15v

    2.16 kΩ
    I=0.97mA×
    2.16 kΩ× 2.2 kΩ
    =0.48mA
    2.16 kΩ
    I=1.95mA×
    2.16 kΩ × 2.2 kΩ
    =0.97mA
    2.16 kΩ
    I=2.9mA×
    2.16 kΩ× 2.2 kΩ
    =1.43mA

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