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PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000

REVISION NO.: 0

AISC 360-22 SFD Example 001

WIDE FLANGE MEMBER UNDER BENDING

EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
The design flexural strengths are checked for the beam shown below. The beam
is loaded with a uniform load of 0.45 klf (D) and 0.75 klf (L). The flexural
moment capacity is checked for three unsupported lengths in the weak direction,
Lb = 5 ft, 11.667 ft and 35 ft.

GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING

Member Properties Loading Geometry

W18X50 w = 0.45 klf (D) Span, L = 35 ft
E = 29000 ksi w = 0.75 klf (L)
Fy = 50 ksi

TECHNICAL FEATURES TESTED

 Section compactness check (bending)
 Member bending capacities
 Unsupported length factors

AISC 360-22 SFD Example 001 - 1

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RESULTS COMPARISON

Independent results are comparing with the results of Examples F.1-2a and F.1-
3a from the AISC Design Examples of the book “Companion to the AISC Steel
Construction Manual Volume 1: Design Examples (Version 16.0)” associated
with 2022 AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-
22).

Percent
Output Parameter SAP2000 Independent Difference

Compactness Compact Compact 0.00%

Cb (𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 =5ft) 1.004 1.002 0.20%

𝜙𝜙𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 (𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 =5ft) (k-ft) 378.750 378.750 0.00%

Cb (𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 =11.67ft) 1.015 1.014 0.10%

𝜙𝜙𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 (𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 =11.67ft) (k-ft) 307.108 306.657 0.15%

Cb (𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 =17.5ft) 1.302 1.300 0.15%

𝜙𝜙𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 (𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 =17.5ft) (k-ft) 288.794 288.096 0.24%

Cb (𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 =35ft) 1.138 1.136 0.18%

𝜙𝜙𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 (𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 =35ft) (k-ft) 94.361 94.218 0.15%

COMPUTER FILE: AISC 360-22 SFD EX001

CONCLUSION
The results show an acceptable comparison with the independent results. The
minor difference arises from the slight difference in Cw used in the program and
the limited number of decimal digits are carried in the hand calculations. The
program used Cw = 3043.983 in6, whereas the hand calculation used Cw =
3045.644 in6.

AISC 360-22 SFD Example 001 - 2

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HAND CALCULATION

Properties:
Material: ASTM A572 Grade 50 Steel
E = 29,000 ksi, Fy = 50 ksi
Section: W18x50
bf = 7.5 in, tf = 0.57 in, d = 18 in, tw = 0.355 in
ℎ = 𝑑𝑑 − 2𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 = 18 − 2 • 0.57 = 16.86in
ℎ0 = 𝑑𝑑 − 𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 = 18 − 0.57 = 17.43in
S33 = 88.9 in3, Z33 = 101 in3
Iy =40.1 in4, ry = 1.652 in, Cw = 3043.98 in6, J = 1.240 in4

�𝐼𝐼𝑦𝑦 𝐶𝐶𝑤𝑤 �√40.1 • 3045.644

𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = � = = 1.9825in
𝑆𝑆33 88.889
𝑅𝑅𝑚𝑚 = 1.0 for doubly-symmetric sections
Other:
c = 1.0
L = 35 ft

Loadings:
wu = (1.2wd + 1.6wl) = 1.2(0.45) + 1.6(0.75) = 1.74 k/ft
𝑤𝑤𝑢𝑢 𝐿𝐿2
𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢 =
8
∙
= 1.74 352/8 = 266.4375 k − ft

Section Compactness:
Localized Buckling for Flange:
𝑏𝑏𝑓𝑓 7.50
𝜆𝜆 = = = 6.579
2𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 2 • 0.57

𝐸𝐸 29000
𝜆𝜆𝑝𝑝 = 0.38� = 0.38� = 9.152
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 50

AISC 360-22 SFD Example 001 - 3

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𝜆𝜆 < 𝜆𝜆𝑝𝑝 , No localized flange buckling

Flange is Compact.

Localized Buckling for Web:

ℎ 18.0 − 2 × 0.972
𝜆𝜆 = = = 45.228
𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 0.355

𝐸𝐸 29000
𝜆𝜆𝑝𝑝 = 3.76� = 3.76� = 90.553
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 50

𝜆𝜆 < 𝜆𝜆𝑝𝑝 , No localized web buckling

Web is Compact.
Section is
Compact.

Section Bending Capacity:

𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 = 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑍𝑍33 = 50 • 101 = 5050k-in

Lateral-Torsional Buckling Parameters:

Critical Lengths:

𝐸𝐸 29000
𝐿𝐿𝑝𝑝 = 1.76𝑟𝑟𝑦𝑦 � = 1.76 • 1.652� = 70.022in = 5.835ft
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 50

𝐸𝐸 𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽 0.7𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑆𝑆33 ℎ𝑜𝑜 2

𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 = 1.95𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 � � �
1 + 1 + 6.76 � �
0.7𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑆𝑆33 ℎ𝑜𝑜 𝐸𝐸 𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽

29000 1.240 • 1.0 � 0.7 • 50 88.9 • 17.43 2

𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 = 1.95 • 1.9825 � �
1 + 1 + 6.76 � �
0.7 • 50 88.9 • 17.43 29000 1.240 • 1.0

𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 = 16.966ft

AISC 360-22 SFD Example 001 - 4

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Non-Uniform Moment Magnification Factor:

For the lateral-torsional buckling limit state, the non-uniform moment magnification
factor is calculated using the following equation:
12.5𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 = 𝑅𝑅 ≤ 3.0 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸. 1
2.5𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 +3𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 + 4𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 + 3𝑀𝑀𝑐𝑐 𝑅𝑅𝑚𝑚

12.5
𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 = 𝑅𝑅𝑚𝑚 ≤ 3.0
𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀
2.5 × 1.0 + 3 �𝑀𝑀 𝐴𝐴 � + 4 �𝑀𝑀 𝐵𝐵 � + 3 �𝑀𝑀 𝐶𝐶 �
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

where MA = first quarter-span moment, MB = mid-span moment, MC = second quarter-

span moment.
The required moments for Eqn. 1 can be calculated as a percentage of the maximum
mid-span moment. Since the loading is uniform, the resulting moment is symmetric,
and the unbraced length, 𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 , is placed symmetrically:
𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵
�𝑀𝑀 = 1.0
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 1 𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 2

= = 1− � �
𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 4 𝐿𝐿
Member Bending Capacity for Lb = 5 ft:
𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵
�𝑀𝑀 = 1.0
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 1 𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 2 1 5 2

= = 1 − � � = 1 − � � = 0.995
𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 4 𝐿𝐿 4 35
12.5(1.00)
𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 =
2.5(1.00) + 3(0.995) + 4(1.00) + 3(0.995)
𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 = 1.002
𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 < 𝐿𝐿𝑝𝑝 , Lateral-Torsional buckling capacity is as follows:
𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 = 5050k-in
𝜙𝜙𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 0.9 • 5050/12
𝜙𝜙𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 378.75k-ft

AISC 360-22 SFD Example 001 - 5

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Member Bending Capacity for Lb = 11.667 ft:

𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵
�𝑀𝑀 = 1.0
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 1 𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 2 1 11.667 2

= = 1− � � = 1− � � = 0.972
𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 4 𝐿𝐿 4 35
12.5(1.00)
𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 =
2.5(1.00) + 3(0.972) + 4(1.00) + 3(0.972)
𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 = 1.014
𝐿𝐿𝑝𝑝 < 𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 < 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 , Lateral-Torsional buckling capacity is as follows:
𝐿𝐿 −𝐿𝐿
𝑝𝑝
𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 �𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 − �𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 − 0.7𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑆𝑆33 � �𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏−𝐿𝐿 �� ≤ 𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝
𝑟𝑟 𝑝𝑝

11.667 − 5.835
𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 1.014 �5050 − (5050 − 0.7 • 50 • 88.889) � �� = 4088.733k-in
16.966 − 5.835
𝜙𝜙𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 0.9 • 4088.733/12
𝜙𝜙𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 306.657k-ft

Member Bending Capacity for Lb = 17.5 ft:

𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 ⁄𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 4 • 𝑥𝑥 • (1 − 𝑥𝑥), where 𝑥𝑥 = 1/8, 2/8, and 3/8for points A, B, and C.
𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 ⁄𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 4 • 1�8 • �1 − 1�8� = 7�16 = 0.4375

𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 ⁄𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 4 • 2�8 • �1 − 2�8� = 3�4 = 0.75

𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 ⁄𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 4 • 3�8 • �1 − 3�8� = 15�16 = 0.9375

12.5(1.00)
𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 =
2.5(1.00) + 3(0.4375) + 4(0.75) + 3(0.9375)
𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 = 1.299

𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 > 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 , Lateral-Torsional buckling capacity is as follows:

𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 𝜋𝜋 2 𝐸𝐸 𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽 𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 2

𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = �1 + 0.078 � �
𝐿𝐿 2 𝑆𝑆33 ℎ𝑜𝑜 𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
�𝑟𝑟 𝑏𝑏 �
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡

AISC 360-22 SFD Example 001 - 6

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1.299 • 𝜋𝜋 2 • 29000 1.24 • 1 210 2

𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = �1 + 0.078 � � = 43.209ksi
210 2 88.889 • 17.43 1.9825
� �
1.9825
𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑆𝑆33 ≤ 𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝
𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 43.209 • 88.9 = 3841.280k-in
𝜙𝜙𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 0.9 • 3841.280/12
𝜙𝜙𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 288.096k-ft

Member Bending Capacity for Lb = 35 ft:

𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵
�𝑀𝑀 = 1.0
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 1 𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 2 1 35 2

= = 1 − � � = 1 − � � = 0.75
𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 4 𝐿𝐿 4 35

12.5(1.00)
𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 = (1.00)
2.5(1.00) + 3(0.750) + 4(1.00) + 3(0.750)

𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 = 1.136
𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 > 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟 , Lateral-Torsional buckling capacity is as follows:

𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 𝜋𝜋 2 𝐸𝐸 𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽 𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏 2

𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = �1 + 0.078 � �
𝐿𝐿 2 𝑆𝑆33 ℎ𝑜𝑜 𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
�𝑟𝑟 𝑏𝑏 �
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡

1.136 • 𝜋𝜋 2 • 29000 1.24 • 1 420 2

𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = �1 + 0.078 � � = 14.133ksi
420 2 88.889 • 17.43 1.9825
� �
1.9825
𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑆𝑆33 ≤ 𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝
𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 14.133 • 88.9 = 1256.245k-in
𝜙𝜙𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 0.9 • 1256.245/12
𝜙𝜙𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 94.218k-ft

AISC 360-22 SFD Example 001 - 7