**************************************************************************

USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-26 42 17.00 10 (April 2006)

--------------------------------
Preparing Activity: USACE Replacing without change
UFGS-13112A (May 2004)

UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS

References are in agreement with UMRL dated 1 April 2006

Latest change indicated by CHG tags

**************************************************************************

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 26 - ELECTRICAL

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10

CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM (IMPRESSED CURRENT)

04/06

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES
1.2 SUBMITTALS
1.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.3.1 Contractor's Modifications
1.3.2 Isolators
1.3.3 Anodes and Bond Wires
1.3.4 Surge Protection
1.3.5 Sacrificial Anodes
1.3.6 Nonmetallic Pipe Systems
1.3.6.1 Coatings
1.3.6.2 Tracer Wire
1.3.7 Services of "Corrosion Expert"
1.3.8 Spare Parts

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 IMPRESSED CURRENT ANODES

2.1.1 Bare High Silicon Cast-Iron Anodes
2.1.1.1 Chemical Composition (Nominal)
2.1.1.2 Electrical Resistivity
2.1.1.3 Physical Properties (Nominal)
2.1.2 Bare Graphite Anodes
2.1.3 Canister Contained Anodes
2.1.4 Anode Connecting Cables
2.1.5 Mixed Metal Oxide Anodes
2.1.5.1 Conductive Material
2.1.5.2 Anode Life Test
2.1.5.3 Canister Contained Mixed Metal Oxide Anodes
2.1.5.4 Anode Connecting Cables
2.1.5.5 Canister Connection Cables
2.1.5.6 Deep Anode Connection Cables
2.2 RECTIFIERS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 1

 2.2.1 Rectifier Unit
2.2.1.1 Transformer
2.2.1.2 Rectifiers
2.2.1.3 Meters
2.2.1.4 Circuit Breaker
2.2.1.5 Fuses
2.2.2 Cabinet Construction
2.2.2.1 Wiring Diagram
2.2.2.2 Grounding Provisions
2.2.2.3 Resistance to Ground
2.2.2.4 Cabinet Paint System
2.2.3 Wiring
2.2.4 Oil Immersed Enclosures
2.3 COKE BREEZE
2.3.1 Calcined Petroleum Coke Breeze (Dry)
2.3.1.1 Electrical Resistivity
2.3.1.2 General Backfill Specifications
2.3.2 Metallurgical Coke Breeze (Processed)
2.3.2.1 Electrical Resistivity (Nominal)
2.3.2.2 General Backfill Specifications
2.4 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
2.4.1 Electrical Wire
2.4.1.1 Anode Connecting Wire
2.4.1.2 Anode Header Cable
2.4.1.3 Test Wires
2.4.1.4 Resistance Wire
2.4.2 Deep Anode Ground Bed Casing
2.4.3 Anode Centering Device for Deep Anode Ground Beds
2.4.4 Conduit
2.4.5 Test Boxes and Junction Boxes
2.4.6 Vent Pipes
2.4.7 Polyethylene Insulation
2.4.7.1 High Molecular Weight Polyethylene
2.4.7.2 High Density Polyethylene
2.4.8 Test Stations
2.4.9 Calibrated Shunts
2.4.10 Sealing and Dielectric Compound
2.4.11 Protective Covering
2.4.11.1 Pipeline Metallic Components
2.4.11.2 Field Joints
2.4.11.3 Inspection of Pipe Coatings
2.4.11.4 Above Ground Piping System
2.4.12 Preformed Sheaths
2.4.13 Epoxy Potting Compound
2.4.14 Backfill Shields
2.4.15 Electrical Tape
2.4.16 Cable Marker Tape
2.4.17 Electrically Isolating Pipe Joints
2.4.17.1 Threaded Fittings
2.4.17.2 Electrically Isolating Pipe Joints
2.4.18 Electrically Conductive Couplings
2.4.19 Joint and Continuity Bonds
2.4.19.1 Resistance Bonds
2.4.19.2 Stray Current Measurements
2.4.20 Electrical Isolation of Structures
2.5 MAGNESIUM ANODES
2.5.1 Composition
2.5.2 Packaged Anodes
2.5.3 Lead Wires

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 2

 2.5.4 Connection Wires
2.5.5 Insulation
2.5.6 Conduit Steel
2.5.7 Tape
2.5.8 Backfill Shields
2.5.9 Electrical Connections
2.5.10 Anode Storage
2.5.11 Anode Installation
2.6 LEAD WIRE CONNECTIONS

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 CRITERIA OF PROTECTION

3.1.1 Iron and Steel
3.1.2 Aluminum
3.1.3 Copper Piping
3.2 GROUND BED INSTALLATION
3.2.1 Shallow Ground Beds
3.2.1.1 Horizontally Buried Bare Anodes
3.2.1.2 Vertically Buried Bare Anodes
3.2.1.3 Horizontally Buried Canister-Contained Anodes
3.2.1.4 Vertically Buried Canister-Contained Anodes
3.2.1.5 Cable Protection
3.2.1.6 Multiple Anode Systems
3.2.1.7 Distributed Anode Systems
3.2.2 Deep Anode Ground Beds
3.2.2.1 Anode Centering
3.2.2.2 Casing
3.2.2.3 Casing Insulation
3.2.2.4 Anode Requirements
3.2.2.5 Anode Lead Wire
3.2.2.6 Anode Cables
3.2.2.7 Anode and Cable Installation
3.2.2.8 Backfill
3.2.2.9 Cable Marker Tape
3.2.2.10 Pavement Inserts
3.3 MAGNESIUM ANODE INSTALLATION
3.3.1 Installation of Packaged Anodes
3.3.2 Underground Metal Pipe Line
3.3.3 Lead and Resistance Wire Splices
3.3.4 Magnesium Anodes for Metallic Components
3.4 MISCELLANEOUS INSTALLATION
3.4.1 Rectifier Installation
3.4.2 Wire Connections
3.4.2.1 Wire Splicing
3.4.2.2 Steel Surfaces
3.4.3 Pipe Joints
3.4.3.1 Electrical Continuity
3.4.3.2 Coating
3.4.3.3 Electrical Isolation of Structures
3.4.4 Dissimilar Metals
3.4.5 Ferrous Valves
3.4.6 Brass or Bronze Valves
3.4.7 Metal Pipe Junction
3.4.8 Casing
3.4.9 Test Stations
3.5 TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS
3.5.1 Baseline Potentials
3.5.2 Isolation Testing

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 3

 3.5.2.1 Insulation Checker
3.5.2.2 Cathodic Protection Meter
3.5.3 Anode Output
3.5.4 Electrode Potential Measurements
3.5.5 Location of Measurements
3.5.5.1 Coated Piping or Conduit
3.5.5.2 Underground Tanks
3.5.6 Casing Tests
3.5.7 Interference Testing
3.5.8 Holiday Test
3.5.9 Recording Measurements
3.6 TRAINING COURSE

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 4

 **************************************************************************
USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-26 42 17.00 10 (April 2006)
--------------------------------
Preparing Activity: USACE Replacing without change
UFGS-13112A (May 2004)

UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS

References are in agreement with UMRL dated 1 April 2006

Latest change indicated by CHG tags

**************************************************************************

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10

CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM (IMPRESSED CURRENT)

04/06

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This guide specification covers the
requirements for a cathodic protection system using
impressed current anodes.

Comments and suggestions on this guide specification

are welcome and should be directed to the technical
proponent of the specification. A listing of
technical proponents, including their organization
designation and telephone number, is on the Internet.

Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as

a Criteria Change Request (CCR).

Use of electronic communication is encouraged.

Brackets are used in the text to indicate designer

choices or locations where text must be supplied by
the designer.
**************************************************************************

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the
publications cited in the text of the guide
specification. The publications are referred to in
the text by basic designation only and listed in
this paragraph by organization, designation, date,
and title.

Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature

when you add a RID outside of the Section's
Reference Article to automatically place the
reference in the Reference Article. Also use the
Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature to update
the issue dates.

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 5

 References not used in the text will automatically
be deleted from this section of the project
specification when you choose to reconcile
references in the publish print process.
**************************************************************************

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the

extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the
basic designation only.

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)

ANSI C135.30 (1988) Zinc-Coated Ferrous Ground Rods for

Overhead or Underground Line Construction

ANSI C80.1 (1994) Rigid Steel Conduit - Zinc Coated

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM A 53/A 53M (2004a) Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped,

Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless

ASTM B 418 (2001) Cast and Wrought Galvanic Zinc

Anodes

ASTM B 843 (1993; R 2003) Magnesium Alloy Anodes for

Cathodic Protection

ASTM D 1248 (2005) Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion

Materials for Wire and Cable

INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE)

IEEE Std 81 (1983) Guide for Measuring Earth

Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth
Surface Potentials of a Ground System
(Part 1)Normal Measurements

NACE INTERNATIONAL (NACE)

NACE RP0169 (2002) Control of External Corrosion on

Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping
Systems

NACE RP0188 (1999) Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of

New Protective Coatings on Conductive
Substrates

NACE RP0193 (2001) External Cathodic Protection of

On-Grade Carbon Steel Storage Tank Bottoms

NACE RP0572 (2001) Design, Installation, Operation and

Maintenance of Impressed Current Deep
Groundbeds

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA)

NEMA TC 2 (2003) Electrical Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 6

 Tubing and Conduit

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)

NFPA 70 (2005) National Electrical Code

U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA)

40 CFR 280 Technical Standards and Corrective Action

Requirements for Owners and Operators of
Underground Storage Tanks (UST)

49 CFR 192 Transportation of Natural and Other Gas by

Pipeline: Minimum Federal Safety Standards

49 CFR 195 Transportation of Hazardous Liquids by

Pipeline

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

UL 467 (2004) Grounding and Bonding Equipment

UL 506 (2000; Rev thru Feb 2004) Specialty

Transformers

UL 510 (2005) Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyethylene,

and Rubber Insulating Tape

UL 514A (2004) Metallic Outlet Boxes

UL 6 (2000; Rev thru May 2003) Rigid Metal

Conduit

1.2 SUBMITTALS

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions
in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES and edit
the following list to reflect only the submittals
required for the project. Submittals should be kept
to the minimum required for adequate quality control.

A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the

submittal requires Government approval. Some
submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only
delete an existing “G” if the submittal item is not
complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the
submittal is sufficiently important or complex in
context of the project.

For submittals requiring Government approval on Army

projects, a code of up to three characters within
the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority.
Codes for Army projects using the Resident
Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for
Architect-Engineer; "DO" for District Office
(Engineering Division or other organization in the

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 7

 District Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for
Resident Office; and "PO" for Project Office. Codes
following the "G" typically are not used for Navy,
Air Force, and NASA projects.

Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force

and NASA projects, or choose the second bracketed
item for Army projects.
**************************************************************************

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for [Contractor Quality Control
approval.] [information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the
Government.] The following shall be submitted in accordance with Section
01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-02 Shop Drawings

Detail Drawings[; G][; G, [_____]]

[Six] [_____] copies of detail drawings consisting of a complete

list of equipment and material including manufacturer's
descriptive and technical literature, catalog cuts, results of
system design calculations including soil resistivity,
installation instructions and certified test data stating the
maximum recommended anode current output density and the rate of
gaseous production, if any, at that current density. Detail
drawings shall contain complete wiring and schematic diagrams and
any other details required to demonstrate that the system has been
coordinated and will function properly as a unit.

Contractor's Modifications[; G][; G, [_____]]

[Six] [_____] copies of detail drawings showing proposed changes

in location, scope or performance indicating any variations from,
additions to, or clarifications of contract drawings. The
drawings shall show proposed changes in anode arrangement, anode
size and number, anode materials and layout details, conduit size,
wire size, mounting details, wiring diagram, method for
electrically isolating each pipe, and any other pertinent
information to the proper installation and performance of the
system.

SD-03 Product Data

Miscellaneous Materials[; G][; G, [_____]]

Within [30] [45] [_____] days after receipt of notice to

proceed, an itemized list of equipment and materials including
item number, quantity, and manufacturer of each item. The list
shall be accompanied by a description of procedures for each type
of testing and adjustment, including testing of coating for
thickness and holidays. Installation of materials and equipment
shall not commence until this submittal is approved.

Spare Parts

Spare parts data for each different item of material and

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 8

 equipment specified.

SD-06 Test Reports

Tests and Measurements

Test reports in booklet form tabulating field tests and

measurements performed, upon completion and testing of the
installed system and including close interval potential survey,
casing and interference tests, final system test verifying
protection, insulated joint and bond tests, and holiday coating
test. Each test report shall indicate the final position of
controls. A certified test report showing that the connecting
method has passed a 120-day laboratory test without failure at the
place of connection, wherein the anode is subjected to maximum
recommended current output while immersed in a 3 percent sodium
chloride solution.

Contractor's Modifications[; G][; G, [_____]]

Final report regarding supplemental magnesium anode

installation. The report shall include pipe-to-soil measurements
throughout the affected area, indicating that the additions
corrected the conditions which made the additional anodes
necessary, and current measurements for the additional anodes.
The following special materials and information are required:
Calculations on current and voltage for [100 V] [40 V] [_____]
rectifier plus rectifier and meter specifications; taping
materials and conductors; zinc grounding cell, installation and
testing procedures, and equipment; coating material; system design
calculations for rectifier, anode number, life, and parameters to
achieve protective potential; backfill shield material and
installation details showing waterproofing; bonding and
waterproofing details; insulated resistance wire; exothermic weld
equipment and material.

SD-07 Certificates

Cathodic Protection System

Proof that the materials and equipment furnished under this

section conform to the specified requirements contained in the
referenced standards or publications. The label or listing by the
specified agency will be acceptable evidence of such compliance.

Services of "Corrosion Expert"[; G][; G, [_____]]

Evidence of qualifications of the "corrosion expert".

(a) The "corrosion expert's" name and qualifications shall be

certified in writing to the Contracting Officer prior to the start
of construction.

(b) Certification shall be submitted giving the name of the

firm, the number of years of experience, and a list of not less
than five (5) of the firm's installations three (3) or more years
old that have been tested and found satisfactory.

SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 9

 Cathodic Protection System

[Six] [_____] copies of operating manual outlining the

step-by-step procedures required for system startup, operation,
adjustment of current flow, and shutdown. The manuals shall
include the manufacturer's name, model number, service manual,
parts list, and brief description of all equipment and their basic
operating features. [Six] [_____] copies of maintenance manual
listing routine maintenance procedures, recommendation for
maintenance testing, possible breakdowns and repairs, and
troubleshooting guides. The manuals shall include single line
diagrams for the system as installed; instructions in making
[pipe-] [tank-] to-reference cell potential measurements and
frequency of monitoring; instructions for dielectric connections,
interference and sacrificial anode bonds; instructions shall
include precautions to ensure safe conditions during repair of
pipe system.

Training Course

The proposed Training Course Curriculum (including topics and

dates of discussion) indicating that all of the items contained in
the operating and maintenance instructions, as well as
demonstrations of routine maintenance operations, including
testing procedures included in the maintenance instructions, are
to be covered.

1.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

A complete, operating impressed current cathodic protection system in

accordance with NFPA 70, the applicable federal, state and local
regulations, and the requirements of this contract shall be provided. In
addition to the minimum requirements of these specifications, [construction
of gas pipelines and associated cathodic protection systems shall be in
compliance with 49 CFR 192] [and] [construction of hazardous liquid
pipelines, and associated cathodic protection system shall be in compliance
with 49 CFR 195] [and] [construction and installation of underground fuel
storage tanks and associated cathodic protection system shall be in
compliance with 40 CFR 280]. The system shall include planning, inspecting
the installation, adjusting and testing cathodic protection and test system
using rectifiers and impressed current anodes, supplemented with
sacrificial anodes as needed, for utilities and equipment shown. The
cathodic protection system shall also include cables, connectors, splices,
corrosion protection test stations, ace power panels, and any other
equipment required for a complete operating system providing the specified
protection. The cathodic protection system shall include (a) calculations
for rectifier, anodes, and any recommendations for supplementing or
changing the minimum design criteria to provide the specified potentials
and (b) equipment, wiring, and wiring devices necessary to produce a
continuous flow of direct current from anodes in the soil electrolyte to
the pipe surfaces. The Contractor shall submit Detail Drawingsas specified
in the Submittals paragraph. The installation shall meet the specified
protection criteria for a 25 year life.

1.3.1 Contractor's Modifications

The specified system is based on an impressed current system supplemented

with magnesium anodes. The Contractor may modify the cathodic protection

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 10

 system after review of the project, site verification and analysis if the
proposed modifications include the impressed current anodes and rectifiers
and will provide better overall system performance. The modifications
shall be fully described, shall be approved by the Contracting Officer and
shall meet the following criteria. The proposed system shall achieve a
minimum pipe-to-soil "Instant Off" potential of minus 850 millivolts with
reference to a saturated copper-copper sulfate reference cell on the
underground metallic components of the [piping] [tanks] [_____]. The
Contractor shall take resistivity measurements of the soil in the vicinity
of the [pipes] [tanks] [_____] and ground bed sites; based upon the
measurements taken, the current and voltage of the rectifier shall be
adjusted as required to produce a minimum of minus 850 millivolts "Instant
Off" potential between the structure being tested and the reference cell.
This potential shall be obtained over 95 percent of the metallic area
without the "Instant Off" potential exceeding 1200 millivolts.

1.3.2 Isolators

Isolators are required to isolate the indicated pipes from any other
structure. Isolators shall be provided with lightning protection and a
test station as shown.

1.3.3 Anodes and Bond Wires

Anodes shall be installed in sufficient number and of the required type,

size and spacing to obtain a uniform current distribution of 2.5
milliamperes per 0.09 square meters square foot minimum to underground
metal surfaces. For each cathodic protection system, the metallic
components and structures to be protected shall be made electrically
continuous. This shall be accomplished by installing bond wires between
the various structures. Bonding of existing buried structures may also be
required to preclude detrimental stray current effects and safety hazards.
Provisions shall be included to return stray current to its source without
damaging structures intercepting the stray current. The electrical
isolation of underground facilities in accordance with acceptable industry
practice shall be included under this section.

1.3.4 Surge Protection

Approved zinc grounding cells or sealed weatherproof lightning arrestor

devices shall be installed across insulated flanges or fittings installed
in underground piping as indicated on the drawings. The arrestor shall be
gapless, self-healing, solid state type. Zinc anode composition shall
conform to ASTM B 418, Type II. Lead wires shall be number 6 AWG copper
with high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE) insulation. The zinc
grounding cells shall not be prepackaged in backfill but shall be installed
as detailed on the drawings. Lightning arrestors or zinc grounding cells
are not required for insulated flanges on metallic components used on
nonmetallic piping systems.

1.3.5 Sacrificial Anodes

Sacrificial high potential magnesium anodes shall be located as required to

provide localized cathodic protection or supplemental cathodic protection
for the impressed current system. Each sacrificial magnesium anode shall
be routed through a test station. The magnesium anode shall not be
connected to the pipe.

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 11

1.3.6 Nonmetallic Pipe Systems

When nonmetallic pipe is approved, direct buried or submerged metallic

components of the pipe system shall have cathodic protection. Metallic
components are connectors, tees, fire hydrants, valves, short pipes,
elbows, tie rods, or other metallic equipment. As a minimum, each metallic
component shall be protected with a 4.1 kg 9 lb magnesium anode connected
through a test station. The use of nonmetallic pipe does not change other
requirements of the specifications such as submittals, testing, or design
calculations for each metallic component. Deviations due to the use of
nonmetallic pipe shall be approved by the Contracting Officer.

1.3.6.1 Coatings

Coatings for metallic components shall be as required for metallic

fittings. Protective covering (coating and taping) shall be completed and
tested on each metallic component and shall be as required for underground
metallic pipe.

1.3.6.2 Tracer Wire

When a nonmetallic pipe line is used to extend or add to an existing

metallic line, an insulated No. 8 AWG copper wire shall be connected to a
terminal in a test station located at each point of transition from
metallic pipe to nonmetallic pipe. At each of these test stations, the
tracer wire terminal shall be strapped or bonded to the terminal for the
negative connection wire to the existing metallic line. The tracer wire
shall be run the length of the new nonmetallic line. This wire shall be
used as a locator tracer wire and to maintain continuity to any future
extension of the pipe line.

1.3.7 Services of "Corrosion Expert"

The Contractor shall obtain the services of a "corrosion expert" to

supervise, inspect, and test the installation and performance of the
cathodic protection system. "Corrosion expert" refers to a person, who, by
reason of thorough knowledge of the physical sciences and the principles of
engineering and mathematics, acquired by professional education and related
practical experience, is qualified to engage in the practice of corrosion
control of buried metallic piping and tank systems. Such a person must be
accredited or certified by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers
(NACE) as a NACE Accredited Corrosion Specialist or a NACE certified
Cathodic Protection (CP) Specialist or be a registered professional
engineer who has certification or licensing that includes education and
experience in corrosion control of buried or submerged metallic piping and
tank systems, if such certification or licensing includes 5 years
experience in corrosion control on underground metallic surfaces of the
type under this contract. The "corrosion expert" shall make at least 3
visits to the project site. The first of these visits shall include
obtaining soil resistivity data, acknowledging the type of pipeline
coatings to be used and reporting to the Contractor the type of cathodic
protection required. Once the submittals are approved and the materials
delivered, the "corrosion expert" shall revisit the site to ensure the
Contractor understands installation practices and laying out the
components. The third visit shall involve testing the installed cathodic
protection systems and training applicable personnel on proper maintenance
techniques. The "corrosion expert" shall supervise installation and
testing of all cathodic protection.

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 12

1.3.8 Spare Parts

The Contractor shall submit spare parts data for each different item of
material and equipment specified, after approval of detail drawings and not
later than [_____] months prior to the date of beneficial occupancy. The
data shall include a complete list of parts, special tools, and supplies,
with current unit prices and source of supply. One spare anode of each
type shall be furnished.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 IMPRESSED CURRENT ANODES

2.1.1 Bare High Silicon Cast-Iron Anodes

Cast-iron anodes shall be of the size indicated and shall conform to the
following requirements:

2.1.1.1 Chemical Composition (Nominal)

Percent by Weight
Element Grade 2

Silicon 14.20-14.75
Manganese 1.50 Max.
Carbon 0.75-1.15
Chromium 3.25-5.00
Iron Balance

2.1.1.2 Electrical Resistivity

Seventy-two microhm-centimeter at minus 7 degrees C 20 degrees F.

2.1.1.3 Physical Properties (Nominal)

Tensile strength 103.4 MPa

Compressive strength 689.5 MPa
Brinell hardness 520
Density 7000 kilograms per cubic meter
Melting point 1260 degrees C
Coefficient of 132 nanometer per degree C
expansion from 0
to 100 degree C

Tensile strength 15,000 psi

Compressive strength 100,000 psi
Brinell hardness 520
Density 7.0 grams per cubic centimeter
Melting point 2300 degrees F
Coefficient of 0.00000733 centimeter
expansion from 32 per degree F
to 212 degrees F

2.1.2 Bare Graphite Anodes

Bare graphite anodes shall have a maximum electrical resistivity of 0.0011

ohm-centimeter.

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 13

2.1.3 Canister Contained Anodes

Canister contained anodes shall be packed at the factory in sheet metal

canisters with calcined petroleum coke breeze. The coke shall have a
resistivity of 0.1 ohm-cm tested at 1034 kPa 150 psi. The coke shall be
11244 kg/cubic meter 70 lbs/cubic foot or greater. The maximum particle
size shall be 1 mm 0.039 inches and the coke shall be dust-free. The
canisters shall be capped with tight fitting end caps secured to the body
of the canister. The canister shall provide a minimum annular space of 75
mm 3 inches all around the anode. The connecting cable shall pass through
a hole in an end cap designed to be tight fitting with the cable and
protected from sharp edges with a plastic or rubber grommet. The anodes
shall be centered in the canisters and the annular space filled with coke
breeze compacted in place.

2.1.4 Anode Connecting Cables

Anodes shall have connecting cables installed at the factory. For deep
ground beds, each anode located in the borehole shall be accompanied by a
reel of continuous cable having the length indicated. No spliced
connections will be permitted in deep well cables.

2.1.5 Mixed Metal Oxide Anodes

Mixed metal oxide anodes shall be of the size indicated and shall conform
to the following requirements.

2.1.5.1 Conductive Material

The electrically conductive coating shall contain a mixture consisting

primarily of iridium, tantalum, and titanium oxides. The average
composition is generally a 50/50 atomic percent mixture of iridium and
titanium oxides, with a small amount of tantalum. The resistivity, as
tested by the manufacturer, shall be no more than 0.002 ohm-centimeter, and
the bond strength shall be greater than 50 MPa 7.25 ksi to guarantee the
current capacity life and the quality of the conductive ceramic coating.
The adhesion or bond strength shall be determined by epoxy bonding a 2.54
mm 0.1 inch diameter stud to the ceramic coating and measuring the load to
failure (about 70 MPa 10.15 ksi) of either the epoxy or the interface
between the coating and the substrate. The anode must be inert and the
electrically conductive ceramic coating dimensionally stable. The ceramic
coated anode shall be capable of sustaining a current density of 100 ampere
per square meter 10.764 square feet in an oxygen generating electrolyte at
66 degrees C 150 degrees F for 20 years, to ensure the current capacity
life. An accelerated current capacity life test shall be performed by the
manufacturer on every lot of anode wire used to construct the anode as
described. The mixed metal oxide coating shall be applied to the wire
anode by a firm that is regularly engaged in and has a minimum 5 years
experience in manufacturing and applying mixed metal oxide coatings to
titanium anode substrates. The mixed metal oxide must be sintered to the
titanium surface as to remain tightly bound to the surface when bent 180
degrees onto itself.

2.1.5.2 Anode Life Test

The anode wire material shall sustain current densities of 100 ampere per
square meter 10.764 square feet in an oxygen generating electrolyte for 20
years. The manufacturer shall certify that a representative sample taken
from the same lot used to construct the anode, has been tested and meets

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 14

 the following criteria. The test cell sustains a current density of 10,000
ampere per square meter 10.764 square feet in a 15 weight percent sulfuric
acid electrolyte at 66 degrees C 150 degrees F without an increase in anode
to cathode potential of more than 1 volt. The cell containing the anode
shall be powered with a constant current power supply for the 30 day test
period. The representative sample shall be 125 mm 5 inch in length taken
from the lot of wire that is to be used for the anode.

2.1.5.3 Canister Contained Mixed Metal Oxide Anodes

Canister contained mixed metal oxide anodes shall be packed at the factory
in light weight, light gauge steel uni-body TIG welded canisters with
calcinated petroleum coke breeze. The canisters shall be capped with TIG
welded steel and caps providing a totally encapsulated construction. The
connecting cable shall pass through a hole in an end cap designed to be
tight fitting with a heavy duty strain relief allowing for handling of the
canister by the cable. The anode shall be centered in the canister by
centralizers to maintain rod position.

2.1.5.4 Anode Connecting Cables

Anodes shall have connecting cables installed at the factory. The

connection between the anode rod or ribbon and the lead wire shall be made
with a solid crimp couple with solder. The connection shall be sealed in
cast epoxy.

2.1.5.5 Canister Connection Cables

Canister connecting cables shall consist of an ultra low resistance solder

connection which is a minimum of three times stronger than the cable. For
ceramic coated canister anodes, the cable connection shall consist of two
molded dielectric layers (pressure seals), a flexible backfill resin
encapsulant stabilizer, a schedule 40 PVC pipe Type 1 seal, and Type 1 PVC
pipe end plugs. The seals and end plugs shall resist chlorine gas and acid.

2.1.5.6 Deep Anode Connection Cables

For deep anode beds, each anode located in the borehole shall be
accompanied by a reel of continuous cable having the length indicated. For
deep ceramic coated anode beds, anode connecting cables shall have molded
multiseal solder connections; splices will not be permitted. Chlorine gas
resistant cable and shield shall be used for chlorine environments.

2.2 RECTIFIERS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT

2.2.1 Rectifier Unit

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Air-cooled rectifiers will be used for most
applications. Where highly corrosive atmospheres
exist, the equipment will be oil-immersed in a
tank-type housing. For hazardous area applications,
oil-immersed equipment will be provided with an
explosion-proof or dust-ignition-proof housing, as
appropriate. Transformer tap adjusters will be
provided in cases where an automatic system is not
provided.
**************************************************************************

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 15

 Rectifier unit shall consist of a transformer, rectifying elements,
transformer tap adjuster, terminal block, [one dc output voltmeter, one dc
output ammeter,] [one combination volt-ammeter,] one toggle switch for each
meter, fuse holders with fuses for each dc circuit, variable resistors, an
ac power-supply circuit breaker, lightning arresters for both input and
output, all wired and assembled in a weatherproof cabinet. The overall
efficiency of the rectifier shall be not less than 65 percent when operated
at nameplate rating and shall be capable of supplying continuous full rated
output at an ambient temperature of 44 degrees C 112 degrees F in full
sunlight with expected life in excess of 10 years.

2.2.1.1 Transformer

Transformer shall conform to UL 506.

2.2.1.2 Rectifiers

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Below about 500 volt-amperes of dc rating
output, single phase selenium rectifiers cost less
to acquire and operate than silicon rectifiers.
Above 1000 volt-amperes silicon rectifiers are more
economical for both single phase and three phase.
Silicon rectifiers are more economical to repair.
**************************************************************************

Rectifying elements shall be [silicon diodes] [selenium cells] connected to

provide full-wave rectification. Silicon diodes shall be protected by
selenium surge cells or varistors against over-voltage surges and by
current-limiting devices against over-current surges.

2.2.1.3 Meters

Meters shall be accurate to within plus or minus 2 percent of full scale at

27 degrees C 80 degrees F, and shall possess temperature stability above
and below 27 degrees C 80 degrees F and shall possess temperature stability
above and below 27 degrees C 80 degrees F of at least 1 percent per 5
degrees C 10 degrees F. Separate meters shall be 63.5 mm 2-1/2 inch
nominal size or larger.

2.2.1.4 Circuit Breaker

A [single] [double] [three]-pole, flush-mounted, fully magnetic, properly

rated non-terminal type circuit breaker shall be installed in the primary
circuit of the rectifier supply transformer.

2.2.1.5 Fuses

Cartridge-type fuses with suitable fuse holders shall be provided in each

leg of the dc circuit.

2.2.2 Cabinet Construction

Cabinet shall be constructed of [not lighter than 1.56 mm No. 16 gauge

[steel] [hot dipped galvanized steel] [stainless steel] [aluminum]] [molded
fiberglass reinforced polyester], and shall be provided with a full door.
The enclosure shall have oil-resistant gasket. The door shall be hinged
and have a hasp that will permit the use of a padlock. The cabinet shall
be fitted with screened openings of the proper size to provide for adequate

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 16

 cooling. Holes, conduit knockouts, or threaded hubs of sufficient size and
number shall be conveniently located.

2.2.2.1 Wiring Diagram

A complete wiring diagram of the power unit showing both the ac supply and
the dc connections to anodes shall be on the inside of the cabinet door.
All components shall be shown and labeled.

2.2.2.2 Grounding Provisions

Grounding provisions shall [be as specified in Section 26 20 00 INTERIOR

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.] [comply with NFPA 70 and UL 467 including a ground
terminal in the cabinet.] The grounding conductor from the terminal to the
earth grounding system shall be solid or stranded copper not smaller than
No. 6 AWG. The earth grounding system shall consist of one or more ground
rods. Ground rods shall be of [copper-clad steel conforming to UL 467]
[zinc-coated steel conforming to ANSI C135.30] [solid stainless steel] not
less than [16] [19] mm [5/8] [3/4] inch in diameter by [2.4] [3.1] m [8]
[10] feet in length. Rods shall be driven full length into the earth.
Sectional type rods may be used.

2.2.2.3 Resistance to Ground

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Remove this paragraph if not required in the
project.
**************************************************************************

The resistance to ground shall be measured using the fall-of-potential

method described in IEEE Std 81. The maximum resistance of driven ground
shall not exceed 25 ohms under normally dry conditions. If this resistance
cannot be obtained with a single rod, [_____] additional rods not less than
1.8 m 6 feet on centers, or if sectional type rods are used, [_____]
additional sections may be coupled and driven with the first rod. In
high-ground-resistance, UL listed chemically charged ground rods may be
used. If the resultant resistance exceeds 25 ohms measured not less than
48 hours after rainfall, the Contracting Officer shall be notified
immediately. Connections below grade shall be fusion welded. Connections
above grade shall be fusion welded or shall use UL 467 approved connectors.

2.2.2.4 Cabinet Paint System

[The cabinet and mounting support shall be [painted] [hot dipped

galvanized] [aluminum] [stainless steel] with the manufacturer's standard
painting system.] [The mounting support for the fiberglass cabinet shall
be [painted] [hot dipped galvanized] [aluminum] [stainless steel] with the
manufacturer's standard painting system.]

2.2.3 Wiring

Wiring shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70 utilizing type TW or

RHW or polyethylene insulation. Fittings for conduit and cable work shall
conform to UL 514A. Outlets shall be of the threaded hub type with
gasketed covers. Conduit shall be hub type with gasketed covers. Conduit
shall be securely fastened at 2.4 m 8 foot intervals or less. Splices
shall be made in outlet fittings only. Conductors shall be color coded for
identification. Cable for anode header and distribution shall be No. [2]
[_____] AWG stranded copper wire with type [cathodic protection high

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 17

 molecular weight polyethylene] [Dular/Halar] insulation.

2.2.4 Oil Immersed Enclosures

**************************************************************************
NOTE: The enclosure should not be used in areas
prone to flooding unless required for hazardous
locations. Provisions should be made for flooding.
**************************************************************************

Enclosures shall be of 3.1 mm 11 gauge steel or heavier, with an accessible

drain plug. The oil level shall be clearly marked. The lid shall be
hinged and have quick release clamps to secure it in closed position. A
stop shall limit the swing of the lid when opened. A compressible, oil
resistant, positive sealing gasket shall be provided. The gasket shall
return to its original shape upon release of lid pressure. The gasket shall
be attached to the tank or lid and joints shall be free of gaps. Base
mounting using 102 mm 4 inch high channels shall be provided. Conduits
entering the enclosure shall be internally sealed and shall enter or exit
above the oil fill line.

2.3 COKE BREEZE

2.3.1 Calcined Petroleum Coke Breeze (Dry)

Breeze shall conform to the following requirements:

2.3.1.1 Electrical Resistivity

Resistivity shall not exceed 1 milliohm-meter (0.1 ohm-cm) Great Lake

Carbon C 12 A Test Method.

2.3.1.2 General Backfill Specifications

Bulk Density - 1044 to 1204 kg/cubic meter 65 to 75 lbs/cubic foot

Fixed Carbon - 99.0% or greater
Volatiles - 0.2% or less
Sizing - 100% less than 13 mm 1/2 inch

2.3.2 Metallurgical Coke Breeze (Processed)

Breeze shall conform to the following requirements:

2.3.2.1 Electrical Resistivity (Nominal)

Nominal electrical resistivity shall be:

a. 100 milliohm-meter (10 ohm-centimeter) Max., tightly compacted.

b. 100 milliohm-meter to 150 milliohm-meter, (10 to 15

ohm-centimeter,) lightly compacted.

c. 150 to 200 milliohm-meter, (15 to 20 ohm-centimeter,) loose.

2.3.2.2 General Backfill Specifications

Bulk density - 608 to 672 kg per cubic meter 38 to 42 pounds per cubic foot
Fixed Carbon - 80% or greater
Sizing - 100% less than 10 mm 3/8 inch

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 18

2.4 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS

2.4.1 Electrical Wire

2.4.1.1 Anode Connecting Wire

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Any pinhole, cut, scratch or other damage to
the anode cable exposing bare copper to the
electrolyte will result in early failure of the
cathodic protection system. For this reason,
special, extra heavy insulation is used on anode
cable. While it is often expedient to use the same
type wire for the cathodic (negative) cable in order
to avoid a mix-up in the field, the cathode cable is
not subject to anodic failure and lesser insulation
can be used.
**************************************************************************

Anode connecting wire shall be No. [8] [_____] AWG stranded copper wire
with type CP high molecular weight polyethylene insulation, 2.8 mm 7/64 inch
thick, 600 volt rating. Cable-to-anode contact resistance shall be 0.003
ohms maximum. Deep anode ground bed connecting wire shall be No. 8 AWG,
stranded copper wire with an inner jacket of 1 mm 40 mils of Halar
insulation covered by an outer jacket of 1.6 mm 65 mils CP high molecular
weight polyethylene insulation, 600 volt rating. Cable-to-anode contact
resistance shall be 0.02 ohms maximum.

2.4.1.2 Anode Header Cable

**************************************************************************
NOTE: The double insulated fluorocopolymer cable is
intended for use in very harsh environments such as
deep anode bed installations where clorine and
hydrogen gases are generated. This cable can be
installed directly in soil or submerged in fresh,
brackish, or salt waters. The CP high molecular
weight polyethylene cable is also a direct buried
and submergible type cable suitable for harsh
environments, but not as quiet as durable as the
double insulated cable would be in the toughest of
environments.
**************************************************************************

Cable for anode header and distribution shall be No. [_____] AWG stranded
copper wire with type [CP high molecular weight polyethylene, 2.8 mm 7/64
inch thick insulation] [HMWPE protective jacketed cable with a
fluorocopolymer inner or primary insulation], 600-volt rating.

2.4.1.3 Test Wires

Test wires shall be No. 12 AWG stranded copper wire with NFPA 70 Type TW or
RHW or polyethylene insulation.

2.4.1.4 Resistance Wire

Resistance wire shall be AWG No. [16 or No. 22] [_____] nickel-chromium
wire.

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 19

2.4.2 Deep Anode Ground Bed Casing

**************************************************************************
NOTE: A metal casing should not be used except for
a maximum of 1.5 meter (5 feet) at the top for a
well cap which also serves as a support for the
suspension ropes. The drilling mud on the sides of
the hole will usually keep the hole open until the
anodes and coke breeze are installed. If a casing
must be used, it should be fiberglass reinforced
plastic (nonmetallic) and should be located above
the anode string.
**************************************************************************

Casing shall be [_____] mm inch outside diameter, 3 mm 1/8 inch minimum

wall thickness black steel pipe, conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M, Type E or
S, Grade B. The top casing shall be [_____] mm inch outside diameter, 3 mm
1/8 inch minimum wall thickness black steel pipe, conforming to
ASTM A 53/A 53M, Type E or S, Grade B. The metal casing shall extend no
more than [1.5] [_____] m [5] [_____] feet below the top of a well cap.

2.4.3 Anode Centering Device for Deep Anode Ground Beds

Anode centering device shall be nonmetallic and capable of maintaining

centering in the hole without interfering with other anode lead wiring,
until coke breeze is packed in place.

2.4.4 Conduit

Nonmetallic conduit shall conform to NEMA TC 2.

2.4.5 Test Boxes and Junction Boxes

Boxes shall be outdoor type conforming to UL 514A.

2.4.6 Vent Pipes

All deep wells shall be vented in anode zones. Openings in the vent shall
not be larger than 0.1524 mm 0.006 inches.

2.4.7 Polyethylene Insulation

Polyethylene insulation shall comply with the requirements of ASTM D 1248

and of the following types, classes, and grades:

2.4.7.1 High Molecular Weight Polyethylene

High molecular weight polyethylene shall be Type I, Class C, Grade E5.

2.4.7.2 High Density Polyethylene

High density polyethylene shall be Type III, Class C, Grade E3.

2.4.8 Test Stations

Test stations shall be complete with an insulated terminal block having the
indicated number of terminals and shall be provided with a lockable cover
and have a cast-in legend, "C.P. Test". Test stations shall be complete

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 20

 with an insulated terminal block having the required number of terminals.
(One terminal required for each conductor). Sufficient test stations to
monitor underground isolation points shall be provided. Test-bond stations
(potential measurement and stray current control) shall be provided to
monitor pipe to soil potential of proposed underground pipes or existing
underground metallic structures which may conduct stray current from the
new cathodic protection system. The location of the test-bond stations
shall ensure that the pipe to soil potential of metallic pipe not
designated to be protected is not made less negative by the energization of
the cathodic protection system. Test station terminal connections and the
terminal conductor shall be permanently tagged to identify each termination
of the conductors (e.g. identify the conductors connected to the protected
structures). Conductors shall be permanently identified in the station by
means of plastic or metal tags, or plastic sleeves to indicate termination.
Each conductor shall be color coded in accordance with the drawings. The
station test facility, including permanent Cu-Cu S04 reference cells and
test returns shall be installed as indicated. Pavement inserts shall be
nonmetallic and shall allow Cu-Cu S04 reference electrode to contact the
electrolyte beneath the pavement surface. Abbreviations shall not be used.
Welding of electrical connections shall be as follows: Exothermic welds
shall be "CADweld", "Thermo-weld", or approved equal. Use and selection of
these materials and welding equipment shall be in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.

2.4.9 Calibrated Shunts

Shunts calibrated in current per potential (e.g. mA/V) shall be installed

between the lead or header wire connected to the anode and the current
collector lead connected to the structure. The calibration of the shunt
shall be clearly marked and installed to be visible.

2.4.10 Sealing and Dielectric Compound

Sealing and dielectric compound shall be a black, rubber based compound

that is soft, permanently pliable, tacky, moldable, and unbacked. Compound
shall be applied as recommended by the manufacturer, but not less than 3 mm
1/8 inch thick.

2.4.11 Protective Covering

Except as otherwise specified, protective covering for underground metallic

components including pipe and fittings shall be applied mechanically in a
factory or field plant specially equipped for the purpose. Valves and
fittings that cannot be coated and wrapped mechanically shall have the
protective covering applied by hand, preferably at the plant applying the
covering to the pipe. Joints shall be coated and wrapped by hand. Hand
coating and wrapping shall produce a covering equal in thickness to the
covering applied mechanically. Piping and components installed in valve
boxes or manholes shall also receive the specified protective coating.

2.4.11.1 Pipeline Metallic Components

Underground metallic pipelines and structures shall have a good quality

factory applied coating. This includes carbon steel, cast iron and ductile
iron pipelines or vessels. If nonmetallic pipelines are installed,
metallic fittings or pipe sections shall be coated as follows.

a. The nominal thickness of the metallic pipe joint or other

component coating shall be [0.2] [0.4] [0.6] [1.0] [1.5] [_____]

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 21

 mm [8] [16] [24] [40] [60] [_____] mils, plus or minus 5 percent.

b. Pipe and joint coating for factory applied or field repair

material shall be applied as recommended by the manufacturer and
shall be one of the following:

(1) Continuously extruded polyethylene and adhesive coating system.

(2) Polyvinyl chloride pressure-sensitive adhesive tape.

(3) High density polyethylene/bituminous rubber compound tape.

(4) Butyl rubber tape.

(5) Coal tar epoxy.

2.4.11.2 Field Joints

Field joints shall be coated with material compatible with the pipeline
coating compound. The joint coating material shall be applied to an equal
thickness as the pipeline coating. Unbonded coatings shall not be used on
buried metallic piping. This prohibition includes unbonded polymer wraps
or tubes.

2.4.11.3 Inspection of Pipe Coatings

Once the pipeline or vessel is set in the trench, an inspection of the

coating shall be conducted. This inspection shall include electrical
holiday detection as described in paragraph TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS.

2.4.11.4 Above Ground Piping System

Above ground piping shall be given two coats of exterior oil paint.
Surface preparation shall be as recommended by paint manufacturer, except
as follows: ferrous, shop primed surfaces shall be touched up with ferrous
metal primer; surfaces that have not been shop primed shall be solvent
cleaned; surfaces that contain loose rust, mil scale, or other foreign
substances shall be mechanically cleaned by power wire brushing and primed
with ferrous metal primer; and primed surfaces shall be finished with two
coats of exterior oil paint or vinyl paint.

2.4.12 Preformed Sheaths

Preformed sheaths for encapsulating electrical wire splices to be buried

underground shall fit the insulated wires entering the spliced joint.

2.4.13 Epoxy Potting Compound

Epoxy potting compound for encapsulating electrical wire splices to be

buried underground shall be a two package system made for the purpose.

2.4.14 Backfill Shields

Backfill shields shall consist of approved pipeline wrapping or fiberglass

reinforced, coal-tar impregnated tape, or plastic weld caps, specifically
made for the purpose.

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 22

2.4.15 Electrical Tape

Pressure-sensitive vinyl plastic electrical tape shall conform to UL 510.

2.4.16 Cable Marker Tape

Traceable marker tape shall be manufactured for the purpose and clearly
labeled "Cathodic Protection Cable Buried Below".

2.4.17 Electrically Isolating Pipe Joints

**************************************************************************
NOTE: The cathodic protection system will fail
unless full consideration is given to specifications
for electrically isolating pipe joints, electrically
conductive pipe joints, and casing cradles and
seals. Mechanical and electrical specifications
should reference this paragraph and paragraph
"Electrically Conductive Couplings."
**************************************************************************

Electrically isolating pipe joints for above or below ground use shall be
[flexible, mechanical pipe couplings of an electrically isolating type
consisting of bolted or compression design provided with electrically
isolating joint harness if required to provide pull-out strength]
[flexible, integral electrically isolating pipe couplings designed for
field installation by means of a swaging system and providing pull-out
strength with a factor of safety] [nonflexible flanged type electrically
isolating pipe joints to be field assembled] [nonflexible factory assembled
electrically isolating pipe joints designed with stub ends for installation
by welding and providing pull-out strength with a factor of safety].

2.4.17.1 Threaded Fittings

Threaded type electrically isolating pipe joints shall have molded plastic
screw threads and be used above ground only. Machined plastic screw
threads shall not be used.

2.4.17.2 Electrically Isolating Pipe Joints

Electrically isolating pipe joints shall be of a type that is in regular

factory production.

2.4.18 Electrically Conductive Couplings

Electrically conductive couplings shall be of a type that has a published

maximum electrical resistance rating given in the manufacturer's
literature. Cradles and seals shall be of a type that is in regular
factory production made for the purpose of electrically isolating the
carrier pipe from the casing and preventing the incursion of water into the
annular space.

2.4.19 Joint and Continuity Bonds

Bonds shall be provided across joints or any electrically discontinuous

connections in the piping, and other pipes and structures with other than
welded or threaded joints included in this cathodic protection system.
Unless otherwise specified, bonds between structures and across joints in
pipe with other than welded or threaded joints shall be with No. 4 AWG

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 23

 stranded copper cable with polyethylene insulation. Bonds between
structures shall contain sufficient slack for any anticipated movement
between structures. Bonds across pipe joints shall contain a minimum of
100 mm 4 inches of slack to allow for pipe movement and soil stress. Bonds
shall be attached by exothermic welding. Exothermic weld areas shall be
insulated with coating compound and approved by the Contracting Officer.
Continuity bonds shall be installed as necessary to reduce stray current
interference. Additional joint bonding shall be done where determined
during construction or testing or as directed. Joint bonding shall include
excavation and backfilling. There shall be a minimum of 2 continuity bonds
between each structure and other than welded or threaded joints.
Electrical continuity shall be tested across joints with other than welded
or threaded joints and across metallic portions of sewage lift stations and
water booster stations.

2.4.19.1 Resistance Bonds

Resistance bonds shall be adjusted for minimum interference while achieving

the criteria of protection. Alternate methods may be used when approved.

2.4.19.2 Stray Current Measurements

Stray current measurements shall be performed as indicated. Alternate

methods may be used when approved. The stray current test report shall
indicate location of test, type of pipes tested, method of testing, [_____].

2.4.20 Electrical Isolation of Structures

Isolating fittings, including isolating flanges and couplings, shall be

installed above ground or in a concrete hand hole. As a minimum, isolating
flanges or unions shall be provided at the following locations:

a. Connection of new piping to existing pipes.

b. Pressure piping under floor slab to a building.

Additionally, isolation shall be provided between new pipe lines and

foreign pipes that cross the new lines within 3 m 10 feet.

2.5 MAGNESIUM ANODES

Weights and dimensions of magnesium anodes shall be approximately as

follows:

TYPICAL MAGNESIUM ANODE SIZES

(Cross sections may be round, square, or D shaped)

NOMINAL GROSS
NOMINAL APPROX. WT kg PACKAGED NOMINAL PACKAGE
WT. kg. SIZE (mm) IN BACKFILL DIMENSIONS (mm)

1.4 76 X 76 X 127 3.6 133 X 133 X 203

2.3 76 X 76 X 203 5.9 133 X 133 X 286
4.1 76 X 76 X 356 12.3 133 X 508
5.5 102 X 102 X 305 14.5 191 X 457
7.7 102 X 102 X 432 20.5 191 X 610
14.5 127 X 127 X 521 30.9 216 X 711
22.7 178 X 178 X 406 45.5 254 X 610

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 24

 TYPICAL MAGNESIUM ANODE SIZES
(Cross sections may be round, square, or D shaped)

NOMINAL GROSS
NOMINAL APPROX. WT LBS PACKAGED NOMINAL PACKAGE
WT. LBS. SIZE (IN) IN BACKFILL DIMENSIONS (IN)

3 3 X 3 X 5 8 5 1/4 X 5 1/4 X 8
5 3 X 3 X 8 13 5 1/4 X 5 1/4 X 11 1/4
9 3 X 3 X 14 27 5 1/4 X 20
12 4 X 4 X 12 32 7 1/2 X 18
17 4 X 4 X 17 45 7 1/2 X 24
32 5 X 5 X 20 1/2 68 8 1/2 X 28
50 7 X 7 X 16 100 10 X 24

2.5.1 Composition

Anode shall be of high potential magnesium alloy, made of primary magnesium

obtained from sea water or brine, and not from scrap metal. Magnesium
anodes shall conform to ASTM B 843 and to the following analysis unless
otherwise indicated:

Element Percent by Weight

Aluminum 0.02 maximum

Manganese 1.50 maximum
Zinc 0.05
Silicon 0.10 maximum
Copper 0.02 maximum
Nickel 0.002 maximum
Iron 0.03 maximum
Impurities 0.30 maximum
Magnesium Remainder

The Contractor shall furnish spectrographic analyses on samples from each

heat or batch of anodes used on this project.

2.5.2 Packaged Anodes

Anodes shall be provided in packaged form with the anode surrounded by

specially prepared quick-wetting backfill and contained in a cloth or paper
sack. Anodes shall be centered in the backfill material. The backfill
material shall have the following composition, unless otherwise indicated.

Material Percent by Weight

Gypsum 75
Bentonite 20
Sodium Sulfate 5

2.5.3 Lead Wires

Anode lead wires shall consist of No. 10 solid copper wire, with TW
insulation. Lead wires shall be not less than 3 m 10 feet in length,
without splices.

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 25

2.5.4 Connection Wires

Wires shall consist of No. 10 solid copper wire with RHW-USE or

polyethylene insulation.

2.5.5 Insulation

Type RHW-USE insulation shall comply with NFPA 70. Polyethylene insulation
shall comply with ASTM D 1248; high molecular weight polyethylene shall be
Type I, Class C, Grade E5; high density polyethylene shall be Type III,
Class C, Grade E3.

2.5.6 Conduit Steel

Conduit steel shall conform to UL 6 and ANSI C80.1.

2.5.7 Tape

Pressure-sensitive vinyl plastic electrical tape shall conform to UL 510.

2.5.8 Backfill Shields

Shields shall consist of approved wrapping of reinforced fiberglass

coal-tar impregnated tape, or plastic weld caps specifically made for the
purpose and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations. When joint bonds are required, due to the use of
mechanical joints, the entire joint shall be protected with kraft paper
joint cover. The joint cover shall be filled with poured hot coal-tar
enamel.

2.5.9 Electrical Connections

Electrical connections shall be done as follows:

a. Exothermic welds shall be "Cadweld" or Burndy "Thermo-Weld" or

approved equal. Use of these materials shall be in accordance
with the manufacturer's recommendations.

b. Electrical shielded arc welds on steel pipe shall be approved via

shop drawing action.

c. Other methods of welding shall be specifically approved for use by

the pipe manufacturer.

2.5.10 Anode Storage

Storage for magnesium anodes will be designated by the Contracting Officer.

If anodes are not stored in a building, they shall be protected from
inclement weather. Packaged anodes damaged as result of improper handling
or weather exposure shall be resacked by the Contractor and the required
backfill added.

2.5.11 Anode Installation

Anode configuration and size shall be as indicated. A minimum of [one]

[two] [three] [ten] [15] [_____] anodes are required to achieve minus 850
millivolts "instant off" potential and shall be required on the [_____]
components or structure. Details shown are indicative of the general type
of material required and are not intended to restrict selection of

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 26

 materials or of any particular manufacturer. The anode system shall be
designed for a life of 25 years of continuous operation.

2.6 LEAD WIRE CONNECTIONS

Lead wire to structure connections shall be by exothermic welding process.

Weld charges made specifically for use on cast iron shall be used on cast
iron pipe. A backfill shield filled with a pipeline mastic sealant or
material compatible with the coating shall be placed over the weld
connection and shall cover the exposed metal adequately.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 CRITERIA OF PROTECTION

Acceptance criteria for determining the adequacy of protection on a buried

[pipe] [tank] shall be in accordance with [NACE RP0169,] [and] [NACE RP0193,]
and as specified below.

3.1.1 Iron and Steel

**************************************************************************
NOTE: If the second method is used, the requirement
for obtaining measurements over 95 percent of the
entire metallic area is required as in the first
method. Verification of the 100 millivolts decay of
polarization should be achieved at points over 95
percent of the entire metallic area.
**************************************************************************

The following method a. shall be used for testing cathodic protection

voltages. If more than one method is required, method b. shall be used:

a. A negative voltage of at least minus 850 millivolts as measured

between the [pipe] [tank] [specified underground component] and a
saturated copper-copper sulphate reference electrode contacting
the (electrolyte) earth directly over the [pipe] [tank] [specified
underground component]. Determination of this voltage shall be
made with the cathodic protection system in operation. Voltage
drops shall be considered for valid interpretation of this voltage
measurement. A minimum of minus 850 millivolts "instant off"
potential between the [structure] [pipe] [tank] [specified
underground component] being tested and the reference cell shall
be achieved over 95 percent of the area of the structure.
Adequate number of measurements shall be obtained over the entire
structure, pipe, tank, or other metallic component to verify and
record achievement of minus 850 millivolts "instant off". This
potential shall be obtained over 95 percent of the total metallic
area without the "instant off" potential exceeding 1200 millivolts.

b. A minimum polarization voltage shift of 100 millivolts as measured

between the [pipe] [tank] and a saturated copper-copper sulphate
reference electrode contacting the earth directly over the [pipe]
[tank]. This polarization voltage shift shall be determined by
interrupting the protective current and measuring the polarization
decay. When the protective current is interrupted, an immediate
voltage shift will occur. The voltage reading, after the
immediate shift, shall be used as the base reading from which to
measure polarization decay. Measurements achieving 100 millivolts

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 27

 shall be made over 95 percent of the metallic surface.

3.1.2 Aluminum

Aluminum [pipes] [tanks] shall not be protected to a potential more

negative than minus 1200 millivolts, measured between the [pipe] [tank] and
a saturated copper-copper sulphate reference electrode contacting the
earth, directly over the [pipe] [tank] [metallic component]. Resistance,
if required, shall be inserted in the anode circuit within the test station
to reduce the potential of the aluminum [pipe] [tank] to a value which will
not exceed a potential more negative than minus 1200 millivolts. Voltage
shift criterion shall be a minimum negative polarization shift of 100
millivolts measured between the [pipe] [tank] [metallic component] and a
saturated copper-copper sulphate reference electrode contacting the earth,
directly over the [pipe] [tank]. The polarization voltage shift shall be
determined as outlined for iron and steel.

3.1.3 Copper Piping

For copper piping the following criteria shall apply. A minimum of 100
millivolts of cathodic polarization between the structure surface and a
stable reference electrode contacting the electrolyte. The polarization
voltage shift shall be determined as outlined for iron and steel.

3.2 GROUND BED INSTALLATION

3.2.1 Shallow Ground Beds

Shallow ground beds shall contain size and quantity of anodes designed to
meet performance criteria of the cathodic protection system at an initial
operating current output density not exceeding [40] [50] [70] percent of
maximum recommended current output density.

3.2.1.1 Horizontally Buried Bare Anodes

Horizontally buried bare anodes shall be bedded on and covered with

metallurgical coke breeze in a trench excavated for the purpose at depths,
spacing and locations as shown. Anodes shall be completely surrounded by
the backfill at bottom, sides, and top for a distance of not less than 100
mm 4 inches. Backfill shall be compacted.

3.2.1.2 Vertically Buried Bare Anodes

Vertically buried bare anodes shall be installed in vertical holes in the

ground having a depth, spacing, and location shown. The holes in the
ground shall be sufficiently large to provide an annular space around the
anode not less than 100 mm 4 inches. The anodes shall be centered in the
hole and backfilled with calcined petroleum coke breeze or metallurgical
coke breeze. Backfill shall be compacted.

3.2.1.3 Horizontally Buried Canister-Contained Anodes

Horizontally buried canister-contained anodes shall be buried in a trench

excavated for the purpose at depths, spacing, and locations shown.

3.2.1.4 Vertically Buried Canister-Contained Anodes

Vertically buried canister-contained anodes shall be installed in vertical

holes in the ground having depth, spacing, and locations shown. The holes

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 28

 in the ground shall be sufficiently larger in diameter than the canisters
to facilitate easy lowering into the hole and backfilling. The space
between the canister and the wall of the hole shall be completely
backfilled with a wet slurry of earth free of stones.

3.2.1.5 Cable Protection

Positive cable to the ground bed and negative cable to the [pipe] [tank] to
be protected shall be buried a minimum depth of 750 mm 30 inches except
where above ground construction utilizing conduit is used.

3.2.1.6 Multiple Anode Systems

Multiple anode systems shall consist of groups of anodes connected in

parallel to a header cable, buried in the ground at depths, spacing, and
locations shown. The anodes shall be buried [horizontally] [vertically].

3.2.1.7 Distributed Anode Systems

Distributed anode systems shall consist of a line or row of anodes

connected in parallel to a header cable and buried in the ground parallel
to the pipeline. The anodes shall be at the pipeline at depths, spacing,
and locations shown. The anodes shall be buried [horizontally]
[vertically].

3.2.2 Deep Anode Ground Beds

Deep anode ground beds shall consist of an installation of anodes supported

one above the other and supported in place by a method that does not
suspend the anodes from the connecting cable. Deep anode ground beds shall
be installed in accordance with NACE RP0572 and as specified in these
specifications.

3.2.2.1 Anode Centering

Anodes shall be centered in the well by means of centering devices.

3.2.2.2 Casing

The casing shall be to a depth and elevation of not more than [_____] m feet.

3.2.2.3 Casing Insulation

The portion of casing above the top anode shall be coated with an
electrically insulating underground type coating.

3.2.2.4 Anode Requirements

Anode sizes, spacing, number of anodes, depth of well, and other details
shall be as shown.

3.2.2.5 Anode Lead Wire

Each anode shall have a separate, continuous wire extending from the anode
to the junction box at the well head.

3.2.2.6 Anode Cables

Anode cables shall terminate in a nearby junction box, equipped with

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 29

 individual anode current shunts. Where full length casing is used, two
wire connections from casing shall terminate in the junction box.

3.2.2.7 Anode and Cable Installation

If the method of installation utilizes backfill support for anodes and

cable, slack in the cable near each anode shall be provided and the cable
insulation shall be increased in thickness from 2.8 to 4.0 mm 7/64 to 5/32
inch utilizing an approved composite of plastic and elastomeric materials.

3.2.2.8 Backfill

The well shall be backfilled with calcined petroleum coke breeze or

metallurgical coke breeze surrounding the anodes by a method that does not
leave voids or bridging. The recommended method is to pump the backfill
from the bottom upward. The well shall be over-filled with coke breeze
allowing for settlement so that the settled level after a number of days is
as high as the level shown. The number of days allowed for settling of the
coke breeze will be determined by the Contracting Officer. If the top
level of coke breeze is below the level shown after settlement, additional
coke breeze shall be put in the well. The backfill used shall not require
tamping. The top portion of the well shall be sealed for 8 m 25 feet to
prevent surface water run-off. All vents shall be vented above the high
water mark and at a safe height.

3.2.2.9 Cable Marker Tape

Traceable marker tape shall be located in the same trench above cathodic
protection cables including structure leads, anode leads, anode header
cables, test station leads, bonding cables, and rectifier electrical power
cables.

3.2.2.10 Pavement Inserts

Pavement inserts shall be installed at a minimum of 30 m 100 foot intervals

for pipelines. The pavement inserts shall be installed directly over the
structure being protected and tested.

3.3 MAGNESIUM ANODE INSTALLATION

Installation shall not proceed without the presence of the Contracting

Officer, unless otherwise authorized. Anode locations may be changed to
clear obstructions when approved. Anodes shall be installed in sufficient
number and of the required type, size, and spacing to obtain a uniform
current distribution surface on the structure. Prepackaged anodes shall be
installed as shown on the drawings.

3.3.1 Installation of Packaged Anodes

Packaged anodes shall be installed completely dry, and shall be lowered

into holes by rope sling or by grasping the cloth gather. The anode lead
wire shall not be used in lowering the anodes. The hole shall be
backfilled with fine soil in 150 mm 6 inch layers and each layer shall be
hand-tamped around the anode. The tamper shall not strike the anode or
lead wire. If immediate testing is to be performed, water shall be added
only after backfilling and tamping has been completed to a point 150 mm 6
inches above the anode. Approximately 8 L 2 gallons of water shall be
poured into the hole; after the water is absorbed by the soil, backfilling
and tamping shall be completed to the top of the hole. Anodes shall be

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 30

 installed as shown. When rock is found prior to achieving specified depth,
anode may be installed horizontally to a depth at least as deep as the
bottom of the pipe, with the approval of the Contracting Officer.

3.3.2 Underground Metal Pipe Line

Anodes shall be installed 610 mm 2 feet below the line to be protected

unless otherwise noted on the drawings. To facilitate periodic electrical
measurements during the life of the sacrificial anode system and to reduce
the output current of the anodes if required, anode lead wires in a single
group of anodes shall be buried a minimum of 610 mm 2 feet and each anode
lead wire shall be connected to an individual terminal in a test station.
The anode lead cable shall make contact with the structure only through a
test station. Resistance wire shall be installed between the anode lead
cable and the pipe cable in the test station to reduce the current output,
if required.

3.3.3 Lead and Resistance Wire Splices

Lead wire splicing, when necessary, shall be made with copper split bolt
connectors of proper size. The joint shall be carefully wrapped with at
least 3 layers of electrical tape. Resistance wire connections shall be
done with silver solder and the solder joints wrapped with a minimum of 3
layers of pressure-sensitive tape.

3.3.4 Magnesium Anodes for Metallic Components

As a minimum, each metallic component shall be protected with [2] [_____]

[4.1] [7.7] [_____] kg [9] [17] [_____] lb magnesium anodes located on each
side of the metallic component and routed through a test station. Fire
hydrant pipe component shall have a minimum of [2] [3] [_____] [4.1] [7.7]
[_____] kg [9] [17] [_____] lb magnesium anodes routed through a test
station for each hydrant. Pipe under concrete slab shall have a minimum of
[5] [_____] [7.7] [_____] kg [17] [_____] lb anodes for each location where
metal pipe enters the building under the slab. A permanent reference cell
shall be provided adjacent to the pipe entrance to the slab. Conductors
shall be routed to a test station. Each valve shall have a minimum of [2]
[_____] [4.1] [_____] kg [9] [_____] lb magnesium anodes routed through a
test station. Sections of metallic pipe 6.1 m 20 foot long, when used
where force mains are within 3 m 10 feet of the water pipe, shall have a
minimum of [4] [_____] 7.7 kg 17 lb anodes.

3.4 MISCELLANEOUS INSTALLATION

**************************************************************************
NOTE: The cathodic protection system will fail
unless full engineering considerations are applied
to selection, location and installation of
electrically conductive joints and electrically
isolating joints including the use of underground
type dielectric coatings (not paint).

Adequate electrical conductivity of a pipe joint

made by means other than welding should be
determined by the "corrosion expert." Allowable
electrical resistance depends on the cross sectional
area of the pipe metal, the resistivity of the pipe
metal, and the effectiveness of the coating on the
pipe. Effectively coated pipe underground requires

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 31

 only a fraction of the electrical conductivity at
joints needed for bare pipe. Shop painted pipe is
considered to be the same as bare pipe and is not to
be confused with pipe coated with an underground
type dielectric coating.

The type of electrical isolating pipe joint to be

used requires engineering design consideration. In
general, the dielectric parts of an isolating joint
will not withstand structural or environmental
stresses as well as an all-metal type of joint. If
the pipe on the cathodic protected side of the
underground electrically isolating pipe joint,
including the joint, is not effectively coated,
interference type corrosion may occur unless other
measures are taken. Factors to be considered
include:

a. Deflection stresses

b. Pull-out stresses

c. Expansion-contraction due to temperature changes

d. Is function as a union necessary?

e. Is field assembly of critical parts practical?

f. Hazardous locations to be avoided

g. Accessibility if above ground

h. Location of test box if below ground

i. Importance of coating the adjacent pipe if below

ground

j. Vulnerability to short circuiting

Factor of safety on pull-out strength required has

to be engineered for the specific conditions
involved since no blanket provisions are fully
applicable to all cases. The requirement for
isolating flanges or couplings should be based on a
study of the conditions. If the new piping is a
short extension to an existing old piping system not
under cathodic protection, an isolating fitting
should be installed at the point of connection,
since the new piping will be anodic to the older
system. If the older system is under cathodic
protection, no isolating fitting should be used.
**************************************************************************

3.4.1 Rectifier Installation

Mounting shall be as shown. [Pole or wall mounting shall be equipped with

a channel bracket, lifting eyes, and a keyhole at the top.] [Cross-arm
brackets shall accommodate a 102 by 102 mm 4 by 4 inch cross-arm.]

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 32

3.4.2 Wire Connections

3.4.2.1 Wire Splicing

**************************************************************************
NOTE: In water tanks, split bolts are used (above
the water line only) because working space is
limited and the hydraulic or mechanical compression
tools may be cumbersome and hazardous to use; since
a single split-bolt will work loose when the wires
it connects are moved, a minimum of two split bolts
should be used. At ground level or in trenches,
compression tools can be used conveniently, and the
swaged sleeve connection produced by such tools is
more reliable than split bolts.
**************************************************************************

Connecting wire splicing shall be made with copper compression connectors

or exothermic welds, following instructions of the manufacturer.
Split-bolt type connectors shall not be used.

3.4.2.2 Steel Surfaces

Connections to [ferrous pipe] [metal tanks] shall be made by exothermic

weld methods as manufactured by an approved manufacturer for the type of
[pipe] [tank]. Electric arc welded connections and other types of welded
connections to ferrous pipe and structures shall be approved before use.

3.4.3 Pipe Joints

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This paragraph will be coordinated with and
referenced in mechanical and electrical
specifications.
**************************************************************************

3.4.3.1 Electrical Continuity

Underground pipe shall be electrically continuous except at places where

electrically isolating joints are specified. Pipe joined by means other
than welding shall meet the following electrical continuity requirements:

a. Mechanical joints that are not factory designed to provide

electrical continuity shall be bonded by installing a metallic
bond across the joint. The bonding connections shall be made by
the exothermic welding process.

b. Mechanical joints designed to provide electrical continuity may be

used.

3.4.3.2 Coating

Mechanical joints and fittings of either the electrically conductive or

insulating type shall be coated with an underground type dielectric coating
system. Where external electrical continuity bonds are installed across
mechanical joints, bare or exposed metal, welds, bare wire and exposed
coupling parts shall be coated with a coating system.

a. Couplings and fittings which have a low profile exterior designed

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 33

 to permit tape coating shall be primed and wrapped with an
underground type pipe tape system or two-part epoxy system.

b. Couplings and fittings that cannot be properly taped shall be

enclosed in a [spaced mold manufactured for the purpose] [shroud
of reinforced kraft paper] and filled with [cold applied
dielectric compound] [hot applied bituminous compound not
exceeding 135 degrees C 275 degrees F in application temperature].

3.4.3.3 Electrical Isolation of Structures

Electrical isolation of structures shall be as follows:

a. Isolating Fittings: Isolating flanges and couplings shall be

installed aboveground, or within manholes, wherever possible, but
an isolating device that electrically separates a pipeline shall
not be installed in a confined area where a combustible atmosphere
may collect unless precautions are taken to prevent arcing such as
by means of externally located surge arresters, grounding cells,
or other means. Isolating flanges and couplings in lines entering
buildings shall be located at least 300 mm 12 inches above grade
or floor level. Pipelines entering buildings either below or
above ground shall be electrically isolated from the structure
wall with an electrically isolating [gas tight wall sleeve.] [wall
sleeve.]

b. Gas Distribution Piping: Electrical isolation shall be provided

at each building riser pipe to the pressure regulator, at all
points where a short circuit to another structure or to a foreign
structure may occur, and at other locations as indicated.

c. [Steam] [High Temperature] [Chilled] [Water] [Line Supply and

Return Piping] [Line Conduit]: Electrical isolation shall be
provided at each building entrance, and at other locations as
indicated.

d. [Fuel] [Gasoline] [Storage Tanks] [Fire Suppression] [_____]:

Electrical isolation shall be provided in each pipe [at the
building] [at the tank] as shown.

e. Copper Piping: Copper piping shall be [electrically isolated at

both ends of the pipe run] [wrapped with pipeline tape and
electrically isolated at both ends].

f. Underground Storage Tanks (UST): Tanks shall be electrically

isolated from other metallic structures. Components protected
with the tank such as pipes, vents, anchors, and fill pipes shall
be bonded to the tank.

3.4.4 Dissimilar Metals

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This paragraph will be coordinated with and
referenced in mechanical and electrical
specifications.
**************************************************************************

Buried piping of dissimilar metals including new and old steel piping,
excepting valves, shall be electrically separated by means of electrically

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 34

 insulating joints at every place of connection. The insulating joint,
including the pipes, shall be coated with an underground type dielectric
coating for a minimum distance of 10 diameters on each side of the joint.

3.4.5 Ferrous Valves

Dissimilar ferrous valves in a buried ferrous pipeline, including the pipe,

shall be coated with an underground type dielectric coating for a minimum
distance of 10 diameters on each side of the valve.

3.4.6 Brass or Bronze Valves

Brass or bronze valves shall not be used in a buried ferrous pipeline.

3.4.7 Metal Pipe Junction

If the dissimilar metal pipe junction, including valves, is not buried and
is exposed to atmosphere only, the connection or valve, including the pipe,
shall be coated with an underground type dielectric coating for a minimum
distance of 3 diameters on each side of the junction.

3.4.8 Casing

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This paragraph will be deleted if mechanical
and electrical specifications include these
requirements.
**************************************************************************

Where a pipeline is installed in a casing under a roadway or railway, the

pipeline shall be electrically isolated from the casing, and the annular
space sealed against incursion of water.

3.4.9 Test Stations

Test stations shall be of the type and location shown and shall be [curb
box] [post] mounted. Buried electrically isolating joints shall be
provided with test wire connections brought to a test station. Changes in
designated location shall have prior approval. Unless otherwise shown,
other test stations shall be located as follows:

a. At 300 m 1,000 foot intervals or less.

b. Where the pipe or conduit crosses any other metal pipe.

c. At both ends of casings under roadways and railways.

d. Where both ends of an insulating joint are not accessible above

ground for testing purposes.

3.5 TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS

3.5.1 Baseline Potentials

Each test and measurement will be witnessed by the Contracting Officer.

The Contractor shall notify the Contracting Officer a minimum of 5 working
days prior to each test. After backfill of the [pipe] [tank] [_____] and
anodes is completed, but before the anodes are connected to the [pipe]
[tank] [_____], the static potential-to-soil of the [pipe] [tank] [_____]

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 35

 shall be measured. The locations of these measurements shall be identical
to the locations specified for [pipe-] [tank-] [_____] to-reference
electrode potential measurements.

3.5.2 Isolation Testing

Before the anode system is connected to the [pipe] [tank] [_____], an

isolation test shall be made at each isolating joint or fitting. This test
shall demonstrate that no metallic contact, or short circuit exists between
the two isolated sections of the [pipe] [tank]. Any isolating fittings
installed and found to be defective shall be reported to the Contracting
Officer.

3.5.2.1 Insulation Checker

A Model 601 insulation checker, as manufactured by ["Gas Electronics"]

[_____] [or] [an approved equal], shall be used for isolating joint
(flange) electrical testing ing accordance with anufacturer's operating
instructions. An isolating joint that is good will read full scale on the
meter; if an isolating joint is shorted, the meter pointer will be
deflected at near zero on the meter scale. Location of the fault shall be
determined from the instructions and the joint shall be repaired. If an
isolating joint is located inside a vault, the pipe shall be sleeved with
insulator when entering and leaving the vault.

3.5.2.2 Cathodic Protection Meter

A Model B3A2 cathodic protection meter, as manufactured by ["M. C. Miller"]

[_____] [or] [an approved equal] using the continuity check circuit shall
be used for isolating joint (flange) electrical testing. This test shall
be performed in addition to the Model 601 insulation checker. Continuity
is checked across the isolated joint after the test lead wire is shorted
together and the meter adjusted to scale. A full scale deflection
indicates the system is shorted at some location. The Model 601 verifies
that the particular insulation under test is good and the Model B3A2
verifies that the system is isolated. If the system is shorted, further
testing shall be performed to isolate the location of the short.

3.5.3 Anode Output

After the rectifier is energized, the current output of the individual

anode leads shall be measured by using an approved method. This may be
done with a shunt and MV meter, a low-resistance ammeter, or a clamp-on
milliammeter. The total current shall be measured and compared to the sum
of all anode currents and to the rectifier output current. If an
individual anode output current meets or exceeds the recommended output for
that anode, the system shall be turned down or balancing resistors
installed. Calculation of the wattage of the resistors shall be sufficient
to handle the maximum load which will be encountered on the anode lead.
All measurements obtained, the date, time, and locations of all
measurements shall be recorded.

3.5.4 Electrode Potential Measurements

Upon completion of the installation and with the entire cathodic protection
system in operation, electrode potential measurements shall be made using a
copper-copper sulphate reference electrode and a potentiometer-voltmeter,
or a direct current voltmeter having an internal resistance (sensitivity)
of not less than 10 megohms per volt and a full scale of 10 volts. The

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 36

 locations of these measurements shall be identical to the locations used
for baseline potentials. The values obtained and the date, time, and
locations of measurements shall be recorded. No less than 8 measurements
shall be made over any length of line or component. Additional
measurements shall be made at each distribution service riser, with the
reference electrode placed directly over the service line.

3.5.5 Location of Measurements

3.5.5.1 Coated Piping or Conduit

For coated piping or conduit, measurements shall be taken from the

reference electrode located in contact with the earth, directly over the
pipe. Connection to the pipe shall be made at service risers, valves, test
leads, or by other means suitable for test purposes. Pipe to soil
potential measurements shall be made at intervals not exceeding [0.75]
[1.5] [122] [_____] m [2.5] [5] [400] [_____] feet. The Contractor may use
a continuous pipe to soil potential profile in lieu of 0.75 m 2.5 ft
interval pipe to soil potential measurements. Additional measurements
shall be made at each distribution service riser, with the reference
electrode placed directly over the service line adjacent to the riser.
Potentials shall be plotted versus distance to an approved scale.
Locations where potentials do not meet or exceed the criteria shall be
identified and reported to the Contracting Officer.

3.5.5.2 Underground Tanks

For underground tanks, measurements shall be taken from the reference

electrode located:

a. Directly over the center of the tank.

b. At a point directly over the tank and midway between each pair of
anodes.

c. At each end of the tank.

A minimum of three measurements shall be made.

3.5.6 Casing Tests

Before final acceptance of the installation, the electrical separation of

carrier pipe from casings shall be tested and any short circuits corrected.

3.5.7 Interference Testing

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Adverse effects may be caused by the foreign
pipeline.
**************************************************************************

Before final acceptance of the installation, interference tests shall be

made with respect to any foreign [pipes] [tanks] in cooperation with the
owner of the foreign [pipes] [tanks]. A full report of the tests giving
all details shall be made.

3.5.8 Holiday Test

Any damage to the protective covering during transit and handling shall be

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 37

 repaired before installation. After field coating and wrapping has been
applied, the entire pipe shall be inspected by an electric holiday detector
with impressed current in accordance with NACE RP0188 using a full ring,
spring type coil electrode. The holiday detector shall be equipped with a
bell, buzzer, or other type of audible signal which sounds when a holiday
is detected. Holidays in the protective covering shall be repaired upon
detection. Occasional checks of holiday detector potential will be made by
the Contracting Officer to determine suitability of the detector. Labor,
materials, and equipment necessary for conducting the inspection shall be
furnished by the Contractor. The coating system shall be inspected for
holes, voids, cracks, and other damage during installation.

3.5.9 Recording Measurements

All [pipe-] [tank-] to-soil potential measurements including initial

potentials where required shall be recorded. The Contractor shall locate,
correct and report to Contracting Officer any short circuits to foreign
[pipes] [tanks] [_____] encountered during checkout of the installed
cathodic protection system. [Pipe-] [Tank-] [_____] to-soil potential
measurements are required on as many [pipes] [tanks] [_____] as necessary
to determine the extent of protection or to locate short-circuits.

3.6 TRAINING COURSE

The Contractor shall conduct a training course for the operating staff as
designated by the Contracting Officer. The training period shall consist
of a total of [16] [_____] hours of normal working time and shall start
after the system is functionally completed but prior to final acceptance
tests. The field instructions shall cover all of the items contained in
the operating and maintenance instructions, as well as demonstrations of
routine maintenance operations, including testing procedures included in
the maintenance instructions. At least 14 days prior to date of proposed
conduction of the training course, the training course curriculum shall be
submitted for approval, along with the proposed training date. Training
shall consist of demonstration of test equipment, providing forms for test
data and the tolerances which indicate that the system works satisfactorily.

-- End of Section --

SECTION 26 42 17.00 10 Page 38