GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

-Postulates of Cell Theory

–Cell Structures and Function
-Plant and Animal Tissues

Prepared By: Sir Gimena

 ACTIVITY NO. 2
ORGANELLES DESCRIPTIONS PLANT ANIMAL
CELL CELL
1. PLASMA Controls what moves in and out of the cell √ √
MEMBRANE/CELL MEMBRANE
2. CEL WALL Made of cellulose and strengthens the cell √ x

3. CHLOROPLAST Contains chlorophyll and location of √ x

photosynthesis
4. CYTOPLASM Where most the cell’s chemical reactions √ √
take place. Interior content of the cell
5. GOLGI APPARATUS Sorts protein for transportation √ √

6. NUCLEUS Contains DNA and controls the functions √ √

of the cell
7. RIBOSOMES Where protein synthesis occurs √ √

8. VACUOLE help sequester waste products. √ √

PLANT
CELLS
Transmission
Electron
Microscopes, or
TEMs, produce 2D
black-and-white
images of a cell’s
ultrastructures and
cellular organelles.
TEMs use electrons
to magnify objects
more than 50 million
times their actual
size.
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 In plants, tissues are present to give
structural support to the plant as
Apical-length
Lateral- witdth Perform a specific function
plants are stationary. There are some
tissues of the plants that divide
throughout their life. These are
generally restricted to some regions.

Leaves, stems, Shoots and For support and Support the plant, Transports organic
transport water and
roots that leaves for conduction of soil nutrients to the
nutrients produced
functions for water during a
storage
mechanical stem, roots and Cainta
leaves photosynthesis
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strength
 MERISTEMATIC TISSUES
-Are cells or group of cells that
have the ability to divide. These
tissues in a plant consist of small,
densely packed cells that can
keep dividing to form new cells.
Meristematic tissue is
characterized by small cells, thin
cell walls, large cell nuclei, absent
or small vacuoles, and no
intercellular spaces.
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 PERMANENT TISSUES
-These are
tissues that are
completely grown
and have lost the
ability of division
 PARENCHYMA TISSUE

-These are living cells that have diverse functions ranging from storage
and support to photosynthesis and phloem loading (transfer cells).
-Some parenchyma cells, as in the epidermis, are specialized for light
penetration and focusing or regulation of gas exchange
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 COLLENCHYMA TISSUE
-These cells mature from meristem derivatives that initially resemble parenchyma, but
differences quickly become apparent.
-Provide structural support, protecting the plant by serving as the inner framework, much
like bones do for humans and animals

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 SCLERENCHYMA TISSUE
-These are hard and tough cells with a function in mechanical support
-Take part in conductive system of plants
-Act as the component of vascular tissue systems( xylem and phloem)

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 Animal Tissue
Outer-most Various forms of movement Supports and Carrying of
cell layer protection of chemical and
protective organs and limbs electrical signals
role

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The Story of the Best Organelle of All
“Once upon a time, there was a
problem existing among the parts of
a cell. They want to know who the
best organelle of all is. So, they
started boasting their best talent:
NUCLEUS: Well, well, well, if you’re going
to ask me, I consider myself as the best
part of all! Aside from the fact that I’m
one of the three main parts, my function
is important to each one because I control
all the activities happening in the cell.
That’s the reason why I have the title as
the “brain of the cell”!
CELL MEMBRANE: Excuse me nucleus! You’re not
the only member of the main parts. I myself is
also one of us and beside you will not function
well without me. Without my protection as the
outer covering and semi-permeability everyone
inside the cell will be in great danger. And because
of me that’s why the cell has a
shape!
CYTOPLASM: The two of you are talking
nonsense! Proud of that poor function of
yours! Well as for me I think I am the best
because I am also a main part. Not only
that, my jelly structure is the reason why
organelles stay in their place and the
important substances can travel inside
the cell!
Narrator: The organelles inside the cell
are so furious upon hearing the three
main parts. So, they started answering
back to prove their worth. Beginning
with the Golgi bodies:
GOLGI BODIES: What are you saying, cytoplasm?!
Even though your jelly-like structure is the reason
why nutrients can travel. There will be no order
inside the cell if I do not label those outside
nutrients and direct it to their respective places!
Remember, I am considered as the packager inside
the cell. That’s the reason why I should be the best
organelle of all!
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: You’re proud of
those Golgi bodies? I don’t even understand
why you have to boast that kind of talent
when my talent is better than anyone else.
Remember that I always come in pairs. I have
a smooth and rough part! Without us all the
fats will not be synthesized as well there will
be no production of the protein which is
needed for growth.
RIBOSOME: Excuse me, ER (short
for endoplasmic reticulum)! That
protein that you are saying will not
be produced without me! I am the
reason why you can synthesize
protein!
Enter now the lysosome with
confidence:
LYSOSOME: My dears! Why do you have to fight
among yourselves if the best organelle is already
obvious. Other organelles: And who are you
referring to?! Of course! Me, myself and I! Before
you violently react. Let me explain first. I am the
only reason why this cell is clean and all of you are
healthy. Without my digesting power all those
unwanted invaders will destroy each and every one
of you!
VACUOLE: Is that all? You’re proud of
that? Well, if you’re going to ask me, my
role is so important! Because, I’m the
only one who can store excess water and
food. So, during an emergency, everyone
will count on me....(singing) Count on me
through thick and thin...
Upon hearing all the other
organelles, here comes the
mitochondrion
MITOCHONDRION: Ha! Ha! Ha! Excuse me for my
behavior but can I ask you all something? Well
the number one requirement for you to function
well is of course, ENERGY!! You will not work
without it! And because of that I am the best
organelle of all. Without me, the energy that you
need for you to work efficiently will not be
produced!! Remember I am called “the
powerhouse of the cell”...hmmmm
CHLOROPLAST: You are very proud of that
achievement! Then that would not be possible
without what’s inside me!! The green pigment
inside me is the chlorophyll. The only one
pigment that can capture the energy from the
sun and use it to manufacture food. We are the
reason why you have food and the source of that
energy! Besides, we can only be found on plants,
so we are very unique.
CELL: Everyone stop it!! (shouting)
Cell: What a nonsense discussion?! Why
do you have to fight among yourselves of
who is the best when it is already
obvious.
CELL: Of course, everyone is the best! Because
without the other you will not function well. You need
each other for you to work properly. Besides I will not
be called as the building blocks of life without each
one of you. Each has their own purpose why you are
created so instead of fighting among yourselves why
not work together? Since you are all a member of this
family, and your task is to fulfill that role so that this
body will function well to give praise and thanks to
the One who created us.
THE END
 ACTIVITY NO. 2
ORGANELLES PLANT ANIMAL
DESCRIPTIONS CELL CELL
1. ?
Controls what moves in and out of the cell
2. ?
Made of cellulose and strengthens the cell
3. ?
Contains chlorophyll and location of
photosynthesis
4. ?
Where most the cell’s chemical reactions
take place. Interior content of the cell
5. ?
Sorts protein for transportation
6. ?
Contains DNA and controls the functions
of the cell
7. ?
Where protein synthesis occurs
8. ?
help sequester waste products.
QUESTIONS:
1. In your own opinion why are some
animal and plant cell cultures
important in testing and developing
pharmaceutical researches?
2. How important is the cell type in the
field of medicine?