InternationalJournalofPureandAppliedMathematics

Volume119 No.17 2020,2903-2909

ISSN:1314-3395(on-lineversion)
url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
SpecialIssue
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ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY – A REVIEW

G.B. Ramesh kumar
Associate Professor
Department of civil engineering
Saveetha School of Engineering
SIMATS, Chennai-602105
rameshkumargb@gmail.com
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ABSTRACT:
Water is one of the most essential components for
G.T. Hemanth U.G
Student
the existence of life on earth. The quality of any
Department of civil engineering
body of surface of ground water is a function of Saveetha School of Engineering
either both natural influences and human SIMATS, Chennai-602105
influences. Although water pollution is an age old
linked with human welfare. In India, most of the
problem, in this modern age, the problems like
population is dependent on groundwater and surface
growing population, sewage disposal, industrial
water as the only source of drinking water supply.
waste, radioactive waste, etc. have polluted our
water resources so much that about 75 % rivers and
INTRODUCTION:
streams, not only of India but also of all the
countries, contain polluted waters. According to Water that is clear and colorless gives an impression

WHO, about 600 million cases of diarrhea and that it is safe for human consumption. This may not

46,00,000 childhood deaths are reported per year be always true as many of the bacteria and

because of contaminated water . Globally, the most objectionable matter may be present in visible form.

prevalent water quality problem is eutrophication, These may be added to water either naturally or due

a result of high-nutrient loads (mainly phosphorus to certain activities and therefore it is important to

and nitrogen). Poor water quality has a direct understand their environmental significance. Water

impact on water quantity in a number of ways. quality attributes are classified as physical, chemical

Polluted water that cannot be used for drinking, and biological nature. The quality of water is judged

bathing, industry or agriculture effectively reduces by authentic standards. There are standards of

the amount of useable drinking water quality but needing review under
following reasons. World Health Organization
water within a given area. ground water and surface (WHO) has recommended guideline values for
water is threatened with pollution from various drinking water for developing countries, which are
sources viz., domestic wastes, industrial wastes, taken as base for formulating the local values. The
agricultural wastes, run off from urban areas and department of rural water supply of GOI (Rajeev
soluble effluents. The quality of water is a vital Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission) has
concern for mankind since it is directly recommended water quality standards in its
publication “Operational Guidelines for Rural Water

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

Quality Surveillance” same geologic depositional (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen
history and generally has similarities throughout the demand (COD) and bio chemical oxygen demand
stratum in terms of density, source. (BOD) were determined. The found values were
compared with the World Health Organisation
water quality standards.

Literature review:
1. Assessment of ground water quality and
its Impact in around Mangalam near
Tirupati ; G.DILLI RANI, M.SUMAN, 2904
C.NARASIMAHA RAO,
P.REDDIRANI, R.PRATHIBA Interpretation of data shows that drinking water of
V.G.PRASHANTH,
P. VENKATESWARLU some of the areas was polluted and not suitable for
Ground water quality and its impact on human drinking purpose. Thus the ground water of these
health in and around Mangalam, near Tirupathi, areas needs purification before drinking.
India was assessed. Water samples were collected
from 8 different areas in and around Mangalam and 3. Hydro chemical characterization of
ground water in around tirupati area- E.
analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as Balaji, A. Nagaraju, Y. Sreedhar, A.
pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, Thejaswini, Zahed Sharifi
total hardness, calcium, chlorides, sulphates, In the management of water resources, quality
nitrates and dissolved oxygen. The found values of of water is just as important as its quantity. The main
physicochemical parameters were compared with aim of this study has been to assess the variability of
the World Health Organisation water quality groundwater parameters to develop water quality of
standards. Based on the analysis, it was found that Tirupati area and its suitability for domestic and
ground water of some of the areas was polluted and irrigation purpose. Further, the samples were
not suitable for drinking purpose. Thus the ground analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, carbonates, bicarbonates,
water of the area needs purification before alkalinity, chlorides, sulfates, hardness, fluoride,
drinking. calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. Based
2. Analysis of Drinking Water Quality and on the analytical results, chemical indices like percent
its Impact on human health in
Chandragiri, near Tirupati, India. sodium, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), adjusted
S.V.DORAIRAJU, C. SAR, percent sodium (Na %), residual sodium
NARASIMHARAO, M.
BUJAGENDRA RAJU,AND carbonate (RSC) and permeability index (PI) have
P.V.CHALAPATHI. been calculated. Chadha rectangular diagram for

Drinking water samples were collected from geochemical classification and hydro chemical

different locations of Chandragiri, near Tirupati, processes of groundwater indicated that most of

Andhra Pradesh, India and analyzed to assess waters are Ca–Mg–HCO3 and Ca–Mg–Cl types.

physicochemical parameters and suitability of Assessment of water samples from various methods

water for drinking purpose. Physicochemical indicated that majority of the water samples are

parameters such as pH, hardness, alkalinity, suitable for domestic and irrigation purpose.

calcium, magnesium, iron, nitrates, chlorides,

4. Statistical and Analytical Evaluation of
sulphates, electrical conductivity, total solids (TS), ground water quality of Tirupati Area,
total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids A.Naraju, Z. Sharifi, E. Balaji.

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

The multivariate statistical analysis, hydro 7. Analysis of Physico-Chemical

geochemical modelling using visual MINTEQ Characteristics of Industrial Effluents

software, indices of base exchange and Gibbs ratio

were simultaneously applied to groundwater hydro
chemical data of the Tirupati area. These techniques
were applied to know the principal processes
controlling the water chemistry. Fifty groundwater
samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity 2905
(EC), Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, CO3, Cl, and SO4. The
results showed that the abundance of the major ions in Tirupati- Putaka Ramesh, K.
Abraham, B. suresh, T. Damodharam .
in the water samples is in following order: Na > Ca >
Mg > K and HCO3 > Cl > SO4 > CO3 > F. Physico-chemical characteristics of industrial
effluents were collected from three industrial sites in
5. The Physico-Chemical And and around Tirupati. Industrial effluents were studied
Bacteriological Analysis Of Ground
Water In Around Tirupati- R. Usha, A. in two years month by month from Jan 2014 - Dec
Vasavi, Spoorthi And P.M.Swamy. 2015. The present research work deals with the study
of some of the important physicochemical parameters
In the present study, an attempt has been made
of industrial waste water collected from Tirupati
to investigate the quality of ground water in
industrial region. Results indicated that pH values of
and Around Tirupati, Chittoor District,
effluent samples.
Andhra Pradesh. The various parameters
monitored include pH,
8. Determination of heavy metals in
Temperature, Total Suspended Solids, Total surface water and ground water in and
Dissolved Solids, Total Solids, Dissolved around Tirupati-V. Hanuman Reddy,
P.M.N. Prasad, A.V. Ramana Reddy
Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, and Y.V. Rami Reddy
Alkalinity, Chlorides, Hardness and Colony
Water Quality is one of the most important concerns.
Count. The results showed that all water
The heavy metals levels up to ppb levels in drinking
samples have neutral pH,.
water quality may cause seviour health problems and

6. Groundwater Quality Assessment using also cause cancer. In this study we made an attempt
Correlation and Regression Model in to know the concentration of eight heavy metals in
Tirupati, Ambiga Kannapiran .
ground water and surface water in different locations
Groundwater is the most important natural source of Tirupati, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh up to
required for drinking to the public’s around the ppb levels.
world, particularly in rural areas. An attempt has
been made in order to determine the spatial 9. Statistical Analysis of the Hydro
geochemical Evolution of Ground
distribution of groundwater quality parameters and water in Rangampeta area of Tirupati –
to study the correlation and regression method. The A. Nagaraju, K. Sunil Kumar, A.
Thejaswini, Z. Sharisi
physical and chemical analysis results were
compared to the standard guideline values as Multivariate statistical techniques involving factor
recommended by the Bureau of Indian standards analysis (FA) and R-mode hierarchical cluster
for drinking and public health in order to have an analysis (HCA) were performed on 30 groundwater
indication of the present groundwater quality. samples from Rangampeta, Chittoor District, Andhra
Pradesh, South India to extract principal processes

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

controlling the water chemistry. The groundwater ground water potentiality in Chandragiri mandal,
samples were analyzed for distribution of chemical Chittoor district, Andhra
elements Ca, Mg, Na, K, Si, HCO3, CO3, Cl, and SO4. Pradesh has been evaluated by analyzing the
It also includes pH, and electrical conductivity (EC)..

10. Testing of Ground Water Quality For

drinking purpose in Tirupati- Dr. R.
Bhavani and smt. S. Sharada

Testing of groundwater quality is very 2906

important before using it for drinking purpose. In
hydro geomorphic parameters using Remote sensing
the present study ten samples at various locations
Techniques. Satellite image and Topographical map
of Tirupati were collected and the values of various
have been used to prepare the required thematic maps
chemical parameters like total dissolved solids
like geology, lineaments, geomorphology, surface
(TDS), pH, chlorides, hardness, sulphates and
water bodies and drainage.
fluorides were determined. These values were
compared with Drinking water standards of IS:
13. Seasonal assessment of water quality in
10500-1991 to assess the suitability for drinking Tirupati- Tho Damodharam, S.
purpose. Suresh.

Water quality studies were conducted for surface and

11. Water Quality monitoring on Tirumala
and Tirupati- K. Raju, T. sub-surface water in Tirupati. Water was monitored
Damodharam. during summer, winter and rainy seasons to assess the
status and identify the impacts due to domestic,
An attempt has been made to evaluate the water
industrial and agricultural activities. Water quality
quality of supplemented and ground water in
assessments showed that the treated surface water
Tirumala and Tirupati, Chittoor District, Andhra
supplied to Tirupati and Tirumula are within the
Pradesh, India. The Tirumala and Tirupati are the
limits of Indian standards for drinking water whereas
most popular pilgrimage and education areas in
sub surface water at certain locations near agricultural
Andhra Pradesh. Twelve areas of Tirumala and
and drainage areas varied seasonally and showed
Tirupati have been selected, where the peoples are
higher values of hardness and chloride in April and
used supplemented and groundwater for drinking
December exceeding the limits.
purpose, and the water samples were subjected to
Seasonal assessment of water quality in Tirupati, A.P.
systematic analysis with a view to understand the
India.
potability of drinking water sources.

14. Ground water Quality Assessment using

12. Analysis of ground water potential in
Data mining Techniques.
Chamdragiri Mandal, Tirupati,-
Bhupal. K, Reddy Bhaskar Reddy. M .
Water is a key resource in all economic activities
Ground water prospects of any area depend on ranging from agriculture to industry.
its geological structure, geomorphic features and Only a tiny fraction of the planet’s abundant water is
their hydrological characters. Identification and available to us as fresh water. Assessment of water
mapping of these elements is thus imperative for quality has always been paramount in the field of
ground water exploration and optimal management environmental quality management. It is the
of this precious resource. In the present paper foundation for health, hygiene, progress and
prosperity. With ever increasing pressure of human

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

population, there is severe stress on water resources.

Therefore efficient water management is essential to REFERENCES:
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[9] APHA 2005. Standard methods for the

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CONCLUSION:
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Saveetha university in Chennai represents an increase
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in some samples water quality parameters (Total
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should be controlled by the proper environment
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treated to make suitable for drinking and to maintain
proper health conditions of people living in this area.

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

(TERI Information Digest on Energy and Susceptibility of residential wells to VOC and nitrate
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Omolaoye J.A., Uzairu A., and Gimba C.E. pp.1648-1653.
Archives of Applied Science
Research, 2010, 2 (5): 76-84.. [15] Sharifi Z, Safari, Sinegani AA
(2012) Arsenic and other irrigation water quality
[13] Census India (2011) Population
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[14] AELION, C. and CONTE, B.C (2004)

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