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    Bhakti Movement

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    upscultimateaim

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    Bhakti Movement

    Uploaded by

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    10 views9 pages

    Bhakti Movement

    Uploaded by

    upscultimateaim

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    MEDIEVAL INDIA

    Bhakti Movement
    ● The word “Bhakti” denotes Devotion to God.
    ● Bhakti Movement means moving towards God for attaining salvation.
    ● The origin of its doctrines was found in Bhagavad-Gita & Upanishads.
    ● The Bhakts of God did not believe in any soul or caste distinctions.
    ● They advocated love & devotion to God & discarded all sorts of rituals &
    ceremonies.
    ● They preached oneness of God & that all religions are roads leading to the same
    goal.
    Evolution of Bhakti movement
    Factors responsible for the rise of Bhakti movement
    ● Evolution of Tamil Bhakti from 6th - 7th century as a reaction to aryanisation of
    the southern society.
    ● Important role of the Temple complexes - Sacred Geography, Finance.
    ● Trade, Education, social integration
    ● Patronage of state
    ● Popularised by Alvars and Nayanmars
    ● Role of Bhakti philosophers
    ● Diffusion of Tamil Bhakti to the North
    ● Influence of Sufism, Puranas, Bhagvatism and folk beliefs
    ● Political factors
    ● Role of Bhakati Saints - Ramananda, Kabir, Guru Nanak
    Principles of Bhakti Movements:
    ● It discarded rituals & sacrifices.
    ● It emphasized purity of heart, mind, humanism & devotion.
    ● Emphasis on ‘monotheism, ‘monism’ and ‘pantheism’
    ● God either has form (saguna) or is Formless (Nirguna)
    ● Gyan Marga
    ● Caste distinctions, rituals, fasts etc. are useless & lead to nowhere.
    ● Bhakti saints from all sections, mostly from ‘low castes’
    ● Preached and composed devotional sons in popular languages
    Spread of the Bhakti movement in South India (from 6th -
    7th century CE)
    ● Shaivism - Nayanmar saints
    ● Vaishnavism - Alvar saints
    Spread of the Bhakti movement in North India (from 10th century CE)
    ● Gangetic plains - Ramananda and his disciples
    ● West
    ○ Rajasthan - Meera Bai
    ○ Maharashtra dharma saints
    ○ Gujarat
    ● East
    ○ Tantrism - Shakti cult
    ○ Bengal - Vaishnavism of Chaitanya
    ○ Assam - Vaishnavism of Sankaradeva
    Tamil Devotional Bhakti

    1. The Nayanmars (worshippers of Shiva)


    2. The Alvars (devotees of Vishnu)
    - The aim of Nayanmars & Alwars was to save Hinduism from being eclipsed by
    Buddhism & Jainism.
    Nayanmars

    ● There were 63 Nayanmars who popularised the fame of Shiva & Shakti.
    ● The most famous among them were Appar, Sundarar, Thirugnana Sambandar &
    Thirunavukkarasar.
    ● Women saints also - ‘Karaikkal Ammiyar’
    ● Collection of the hymns “Tirumural”
    ● 8th Tirumurai ‘Tiruvachakam’ known as Tamil Upanishad
    Alvars

    ● The glories of Lord Vishnu were sung by 12 Alvars.


    ● The most famous among the Alvars were Nammalwar, Periyalwar & Andal.
    ● Only Women saint - ‘Andal’
    ● Composed about 4000 hymns
    ● Later these hymns were compiled by ‘Nath Muni’ - Nalayira Prabandham

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