Basic Electrical Quantities Notes

Module 102 Building Simple Electrical Circuit
Unit 102.5 Fundamental of Electricity

Element 102.5.2 Basic Electrical Quantities
Instructional and learning objectives:-
Describe three basic electric quantities
State ohms law
BASIC ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES

Electric Current or Current
In conducting material, some of the free electrons are freely moving at
random or migrating from atom to atom. When a voltage is applied
across the ends of a conductor, the electron which up to now have
been moving in many different directions are forced to move in the
same direction through a conductor.
Electrical current may be defined in any of the followings:
is the continuous movement of electrons or negative charge through a
conductor or is the continuous flow of electrons also is a flow of electric
charge or flow of electron through a material. It is symbolized by I. The
SI unit of measuring an electric current is AMPERE and symbolized by
A, which is the flow of electric charges through a conductor at rate of
one coulomb per second or the net amount of charge that passes or
transferred through the material per unit time or the term ampere
refers to a number of electrons passing to a given point in 1 sec. also
a current of one ampere being equivalent to a flow of one coulomb per
second or electric quantity in movement, or quantity per unit time, The
SI unit of electric charge is the coulomb C. mathematically is given by
i . dq/ dt
Where
i = current in amperes
dq/q = charge in coulombs
dt/t = time in sec.
1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb per second (C/s)
Or
The following where
holds:
I = Q/t I current
intensity
Q charge
quantity
t time
Example
If a charge of 180 coulombs (180 C) flows through a luminaire every
minute, what is the electric current in the luminaire?
Given
Q = 180 C
t = 1 minute (or 60 seconds)
I = Qt
Voltage V/ E/U
In order that a current flows through a conductor, an electrical “pressure” must be exerted on the freely
mobile charge carriers. This “pressure” is the electrical drive phenomenon on the charge carriers which
is called voltage. There is no current without an electrical voltage. Voltage cannot flow; it is like pressure
in a water system. Voltage pushes current through a conductor but DOES NOT “flow” though a
conductor.
Voltage may be defined as a force which causes current to flow in a circuit or is the force which keep
electron into movement. It may symbolized by E, V, U, P.D or EMF. The SI unit of voltage is Volts (V).but
it can be Potential difference (p.d) or Electromotive force (emf)
Resistance
Every conductor and every electrical device (electric bulb, heater,
electromotor, wireless reciever, etc.) has the property of resisting any
current passage. This property is called electrical resistance,
depending on the material used and the design of the conductor or the
device, it has a different magnitude.
Resistance may be defined as the property of a substance (conductor)
to opposes the flow of current or the property of a conductor which
opposes the flow of electric current. Also is the opposition that limits
the amount of current produced by applied voltage. It is symbolized by
R. The resistance R is expressed in the unit of OHM, symbolized (Ω)
Electric Power
Electrical power may define as the rate at which a device converts

electrical energy into another form of energy, such as heat, light,
mechanical etc. Devices in which this occurs are called passive devices
or loads; they consume electric power, converting it to other forms
such as mechanical work, heat, light, etc. Examples are electrical
appliances, such as light bulbs, electric motors, and electric heaters.
Power is measured in watts, which are power equal to work or energy
divide by time. The SI unit of power is the watt, one joule per second.
P=V×I
or
P = I2× R
or
P = V2 / R
Where
P is the electric power in watt (W).
V is the voltage in volts (V).
I is the current in amps (A).
R is the resistance in ohms (Ω).
VOLTAGE, CURRENT, RESISTANCE, AND OHM'S LAW
Georg Ohm found that, at a constant temperature, the electrical current

flowing through a fixed linear resistance is directly proportional to the
voltage applied across it, and also inversely proportional to the resistance.
This relationship between the Voltage, Current and Resistance forms the
basis of Ohms Law and is shown below.
Ohms Law Relationship

Examples 1
If the resistance of heater is 25Ω is connected across 250V supply, find
its current.
Basic Electrical Quantities Formulas with Simple Explanation (in DC Circuits.)
1. Voltage
2. Current
3. Resistance
4. Power
Power
Power is defined as the rate energy (U\text UUU) is transformed or transferred over time. We measure
power in units of joules/second, also known as watts.
(1watt=1joule/second1 \,\text{watt} = 1\,\text{joule}/\text{second}1watt=1joule/second1, space, w, a, t,

t, equals, 1, space, j, o, u, l, e, slash, s, e, c, o, n, d)
power=dUdt\text{power} = \dfrac{\text dU}{\text dt}power=dtdUp, o, w, e, r, equals, start fraction, d, U,

divided by, d, t, end fraction
An electric circuit is capable of transferring power. Current is the rate of flow of charge, and voltage
measures the energy transferred per unit of charge. We can insert these definitions into the equation
for power:
power=dUdt=dUdq⋅dqdt=vi\text{power} = \dfrac{\text dU}{\text dt} = \dfrac{\text dU}{\text dq} \cdot \

dfrac{\text dq}{\text dt} = v \,i power=dtdU=dqdU⋅dtdq=vip, o, w, e, r, equals, start fraction, d, U,
divided by, d, t, end fraction, equals, start fraction, d, U, divided by, d, q, end fraction, dot, start fraction,
d, q, divided by, d, t, end fraction, equals, v, space, i
Electrical power is the product of voltage times current. in units of watts.
Summary
Power in inductive/capacitive Alternating current circuits
In alternating current circuits, energy storage elements such as inductance

and capacitance may result in periodic reversals of the direction of energy
flow. The portion of power flow that, averaged over a complete cycle of the
AC waveform, results in net transfer of energy in one direction is known as
real power (also referred to as active power). That portion of power flow due
to stored energy, which returns to the source in each cycle, is known as
reactive power. The real power P in watts consumed by a device is given by
Where
Vp is the peak voltage in volts

Ip is the peak current in amperes
Vrms is the root-mean-square voltage in volts
Irms is the root-mean-square current in amperes
θ is the phase angle between the current and voltage sine waves

Basic Electrical Quantities Notes

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Basic Electrical Quantities Notes

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Basic Electrical Quantities Notes

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Module 102 Building Simple Electrical Circuit

Unit 102.5 Fundamental of Electricity

BASIC ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES

Electrical power may define as the rate at which a device converts

P is the electric power in watt (W).

V is the voltage in volts (V).

I is the current in amps (A).

R is the resistance in ohms (Ω).

VOLTAGE, CURRENT, RESISTANCE, AND OHM'S LAW

Georg Ohm found that, at a constant temperature, the electrical current

Ohms Law Relationship

Basic Electrical Quantities Formulas with Simple Explanation (in DC Circuits.)

(1watt=1joule/second1 \,\text{watt} = 1\,\text{joule}/\text{second}1watt=1joule/second1, space, w, a, t,

power=dUdt\text{power} = \dfrac{\text dU}{\text dt}power=dtdUp, o, w, e, r, equals, start fraction, d, U,

power=dUdt=dUdq⋅dqdt=vi\text{power} = \dfrac{\text dU}{\text dt} = \dfrac{\text dU}{\text dq} \cdot \

Electrical power is the product of voltage times current. in units of watts.

Power in inductive/capacitive Alternating current circuits

In alternating current circuits, energy storage elements such as inductance

Vp is the peak voltage in volts

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.