Paper 2 - Marking Scheme
Paper 2 - Marking Scheme
Paper 2 - Marking Scheme
TERM 3 - 2023
GEOGRAPHY
PAPER 2
FORM THREE
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
(b) Mention the factors that have favored horticulture industry in Kenya. 3mks
1
Fertile soils which mainly of volcanic type
Availability of ready market both locally and internationally
Good infrastructural systems
Support from the government through Horticultural Development
Authority. (HDA)
Availability of loan facilities
Favorable climate eg sufficient rainfall and temperature which range from
hot to cool and cold
Any 3x1=3mks
4. (a) Define Beef farming. 2mks
This is the practice of rearing cattle mainly for meat production.
Any 1x2=2mks
(b) State three similarities of beef farming in Kenya and Argentina. 3mks
In both countries, exotic and indigenous breeds are reared.
Beef products are consumed locally and exported to other countries
Cross-breeding is done in ranches in order to improve the quality of livestock
in both countries
Water is supplied in the ranches and modern methods of livestock keeping
and management are used.
Any 3x1=3mks
5. (a) Name two wheat growing counties in Kenya. 2mks
UasinGishu county
Nakuru county
Narok county
Trans Nzoia county
Nyandarua county
Laikipia county
Any 2x1=2mks
(b) State three human conditions that favor wheat growing in Kenya. 3mks
Use of machinery/ mechanization/ manual labour needed in weeding, drying
and packing
Availability of transport facilities e.g lorries and tractors to transport grain
Availability of capital to acquire machinery, pay wages, buy farm inputs
Availability of market for wheat.
Any 3x1=3mks
6. The table below shows the production of maize in tones between 2010 and 2014 in four
divisions of Baringo County.
2
Division 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Bartabwa 200 240 250 280 285
Barwesa 116 135 138 170 275
Kabartonjo 100 80 60 50 45
kipsaraman 40 30 45 30 25
(a)(i) Calculate the percentage increase of the total maize production in the four divisions
between 2012-2013. 2mks
530-493=37
37
%increase x 100= 7.51%
493
(ii) What is the difference in kilograms between the highest production and the lowest in
five years. 2mks
630,000-456,000=174,000kg
(b)(i) Using a vertical scale of 1cm represents 50 tonnes, draw a group line graph to
represent the data above. 7mks
3
(ii) state three advantages of using group line graph. 3mks
Easy to construct/draw
Easy to read
Easy to interpret
Easy to compire
Gives clear impression
Any 3x1=3mks
(c) State three climatic conditions favoring the growing of maize. 3mks
High rainfall/1200-2500mm annually
High temperatures/18ᴼc-30ᴼc
High humidity for growth/maturity
Dry sunny conditions during harvesting
Well-distributed rainfall throughout the year
Any 3x1=3mks
(d) Explain four problems facing small scale maize farmers in Kenya. 8mks
Shortage of rainfall/ inadequate rainfall reducing the production of maize
Attack by pests eg. Army warms and stalk borers destroying maize thus
lowering yields.
High cost of inputs eg fertilizer, maize seeds thus increasing the cost of
production
Importation of cheap maize that floods the market reducing the farmers
morale
Diseases eg maize streak, and leaf rust that attack the crop thus reducing the
production
Heavy rainfall during harvesting period destroying maize
Any 4x2=8mks n
7. (a)(i) What is forestry? 2mks
The science of developing and managing forests.
1x2=2mks
(ii) State three characteristics of planted forests. 3mks
Forest consist of similar species
The trees are planted in rows
The trees take a short time to mature
There is little or no undergrowth
Any 3x1=3mks
4
Spruce
Cedar
Cypress
Any 3x1=3mks
(ii) Explain three ways in which coniferous forests are adapted to the cold climate.
6mks
the trees are conical in shape to prevent accumulation of snow during winter
trees have thick barks with a lot of resins which protect them from frost
trees have needle shaped leaves to reduce transpiration during winter
trees have shallow roots to enable them to utilize the moisture in top soil.
Any 3x2=6mks
(c) State three measures taken by the Kenyan government to conserve forest. 3mks
afforestation and re-afforestation programmes
creation of forest reserves
creation of buffer zones eg nyayo tea zones
agroforestry
enacting laws/legislation to protect forest
Any 3x1=3mks
(d) Compare forestry in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings:
i. Transportation. 2mks
In Kenya logs are transported by tractors and lorries while in Canada
they are transported by floating them over water
In Kenya workers are transported daily to logging sites while in
Canada a settlement is set up in the region where harvesting is taking
place.
1x2=2mks
ii. Harvesting 2mks
In Kenya it is done throughout the year while in Canada it is done in
winter
5
In Kenya only mature trees are harvested while in Canada they do
clear cut harvesting
1x2=2mks
iii. Tree species 1mk
In Kenya both hardwoods and soft woods are grown while in Canada
only softwoods are grown
1x2=2mks
8. (a)(i) What is Agriculture? 2mks
This refers to the cultivation of crops and keeping of animals
1x2=2mks
(ii) Mention three social factors that influence agriculture. 3mks
Culture and traditions
Ownership and inheritance of land
Religion eg. Muslim don’t rear pig while Hindu cannot practice cattle
rearing
Any 3x1=3mks
(b)(i) Define intensive subsistence Agriculture. 2mks
It involves maximum utilization of all cultivatable land, common in areas
with very high population densities
1x2=2mks
(ii) State the main characteristics of intensive subsistence dominated by food crops.
4mks
A wide variety of food crop apart from rice are grown eg. Wheat, soya beans,
barley,millet etc
Land is intensively used
Much of the work is done by manual labour
Little mechanization is practiced
Farmers use both organic manure and artificial fertilizers
Irrigation is used where water is inadequate
Any 4x1=4mks
(iii) Name two areas where intensive subsistence farming is practiced in Kenya.
2mks
Kiambu
Kisii
Vihiga
Nyamira
Any 2x1= 2mks
(c)(i) Define plantation Agriculture. 2mks
Is the commercial cultivation of crops (mainly one particular crop) on
extensive tract of land.
1x2=2mks
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(ii) State four main characteristics of plantation farming. 4mks
One crop is grown on large estates of more than 100acres. Eg crops of tea,
coffee, sugarcane, wheat etc
Labour is provided by the local people and boosted by migrants who come to
work in plantations
Accommodation of other facilities for workers are provided on the
plantations
Large amount of capital is required for purchase of machinery and farm
inputs
Processing factories are located on or near the plantations
Mechanization is practiced on the farms
Most crops are used for sale to local industries or for exports
There is extensive use of fertilizer
Any 4x1=4mks
(d)(i) What is mixed farming? 2mks
It is an agricultural practice where farmers grow carefully chosen variety of
crops in rotation and also keep animals.
1x2=2mks
(ii) Name two regions in Africa where it is practiced in Africa. 2mks
South Africa
Central Africa
East Africa
Any 2x1=2mks
(iii) State two advantages of mixed farming. 2mks
animals provide food for farmers and manure for crops
Both crops and animals increase farm income through the sale of their
products
Mixed farming provides security to farmers since when one item do not do
well then the farmer will rely on animals.
Any 2x1=2mks
9. The map below shows the location of some minerals in East Africa.
7
(a) Name the minerals mined in the areas marked K,L,Y. and Z. 4mks
K- Soda ash/Trona
L- Coal
Y- Diamond
Z- Copper
(b) (i) State two conditions that are necessary for the formation of petroleum. 2mks
Presence of porous rock
Presence of non-porous rock
Presence of pressure to compress the organic remains
Presence of sedimentary rocks
Presence of organic remains or fossils
Any 2x1=2mks
(ii) List three ways in which open cast mining affects the environment. 3mks
it leaves behind ugly open pits
water in the open pits provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes which
spread malaria
the heaps of rock waste litters the surrounding area
Destruction of biodiversity. Ie plants and animals
8
cause air, water and noise pollution
soil erosion /degradation of the soil
it leads to land dereliction/ waste of agricultural land/ industrial land.
Any 3x1=3mks
(c) (i) Give two uses of diamond. 2mks
Making jewellery
Polishing metals
Making cutting instruments
Any 2x1=2mks
(ii) Explain three ways in which mining promotes industrialization in Kenya. 6mks
Some minerals provide essential raw materials for some manufacturing
industries
Minerals are exported to earn the country foreign exchange which is used
for development of industries
Mining stimulates development of roads/ railways which promotes
industrial growth/ ease movement of finished products
Mining attracts growth of towns which attract industrial development.
Mining creates employment raising the standards of living of people,
hence creating a greater demand for industrial products thus promoting
industrial growth.
Stimulates growth of the related industries that supply inputs.
Any 3x2=6mks
(d) Apart from industrialization, explain four ways in which mining contributes to the
economy of Kenya. 8mks
Mining and related industries provide employment for many Kenyans
Mining stimulates the development of transport links like roads and
railway lines to places which were previously inaccessible
Mining has led to development of social amenities such as
schools,electricity,water and hospitals in the mining regions
Minerals are exported to other countries to earn foreign exchange
Mining led to development of settlement and towns such as magadi,
kakamega and macalder
Any 4x2=8mks
10. (a)(i) Name four exotic dairy breeds reared in Kenya. 4mks
Friesian
Ayrshine
Guernsey
Jersey
Alderney
Holstein
Sahiwal
9
Brown swasal/swiss brown
Any 4x1=4mks
(d) Explain four differences between dairy farming in Kenya and Denmark. 8mks
In Kenya dairy farming is mainly practiced in the highlands while in
Denmark it is practiced throughout the country
In Denmark dairy farming is highly mechanized while in Kenya
mechanization is limited
In Denmark extension services and artificial insemination are widely used
while in Kenya artificial insemination and extension services are limited to
few areas
10
In Denmark cattle mainly depend on fodder crops and commercial feeds
while in Kenya cattle mainly depend on natural grass/limited use of
commercial feeds and fodder crops
In Denmark dairy products are mainly for exports while in Kenya dairy
products are mainly for local consumption.
In Denmark dairy products are sold through co-operative while in Kenya it
is through co-operatives/individuals/private companies.
In Denmark dairy farming is mainly indoor grazing while in Kenya it is
mainly outdoor grazing.
Any 4x4=8mks
(c) Explain four factors that favor beef farming in Argentina. 8mks
Warm and wet climate throughout the year favors grazing of cattle
Replacement of coarse grasses with Alfaalfa has improved the quality of
pasture for beef cattle.
Cross breeding of traditional cattle with high quality breeds has improved
the quality of yields
Availability of water supplied using wind pumps ensure constant supply of
water for cattle
Availability of vast land/pampas encourages beef ranching
Availability of local/external market encourages farmers to expand beef
industry
Availability of refrigeration facilities enables beef to reach far off market in
good condition
Development of railway network facilitates transportation of cattle to the
factory.
Any 4x2=8mks
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