Unit-5

Physical Education
What is Physical Education?
Physical Education is a learning cycle that spotlights information, perspectives,
and practices that are basic for understudies to embrace a way of life of
wellbeing and wellness.
Through these cycles, understudies figure out how to accomplish day-by-day
actual work and customized degrees of wellness, foster actual abilities, and
accomplish information for carrying on with a sound life.
Probably the best open door to impact the country’s well-being and increment
active work is to turn into an actual teacher.
Educators can emphatically affect both the quality and amount of an
understudy’s life as they are shown the essential abilities that are expected to
take on an existence of well-being and wellness.
Physical Education Meaning
Physical education is a process that uses physical activity as a means to help
people acquire skills, fitness, knowledge, and attitudes that contribute to their
optimal development and well-being.
Physical education is a short-term statement of specific outcomes that build
cumulatively to reach a goal.
Physical Education contributes to the development of the whole person.
Definition of Physical Education
“Physical education is an education of and through human movement where
many of educational objectives are achieved by means of big muscle activities
involving sports, games, gymnastic, dance and exercise.”
“Physical education is an integral part of the total education learning process
and has as its aims the development of physically, mentally, socially and
emotionally fit citizens, through the medium of physical activities that have
been selected and planned to achieve specific outcomes.”
History of Physical Education
The historical backdrop of Physical education traces back to antiquated
Greece, where contest and power were natural. During this time, physical
education ended up being significant because it was a need in preparing both
Greek warriors and competitors.
For kids, Physical education would start when they were around seven years of
age, with the objective being to ultimately have them be well-gifted in
exercises like boxing, and chariot races, from there, the sky is the limit.
For this to occur, they expected to comprehend their body and what went into
active work, hence body and mind health education assumed an enormous
part in the movement of the Greek society.
By the mid-nineteenth century, physical education would be advanced in the
United States. The thinking was like that of what the Greeks were involved in,
which was to both teach and train troopers for the inevitable fight.
Notwithstanding, throughout the natural process of everything working out,
actual instruction would form into something considerably more amazing.
Schools the nation over would start to treat wellbeing-related themes more
seriously, both on the jungle gym and in the homeroom, and courses
designated toward actual improvement would be offered more consideration.
Universities would follow after accordingly also, and schools all around the
United States would ultimately offer an assortment of courses that would
assist with developing the actual capacity, give a genuine comprehension of
the human body, and increment certainty in America’s childhood.
Objectives of Physical Education
Following are the main objectives of physical education:
 Physical development: Development of organ frameworks like the
Circulatory framework, sensory system, strong framework, stomach-
related framework, and so on.
 Mental development: Physical exercises require readiness of the brain,
profound focus, and determined development. This goal is connected
with the psychological advancement of a person.
 Social development: This goal is connected 1o the advancement of social
attributes, which are fundamental for better change throughout
 everyday life. It is a superior hotspot for accomplishing the
characteristics. Co-activity, fair play sportsmanship, 1olerance, and
compassion
 Neuro Muscular Co-ordination: This goal is focused on a superior
connection between the sensory system. Instruction gives plentiful open
doors to actual neuromuscular coordination.
 Emotional development: The enthusiastic improvement of an individual
is likewise one of the significant targets of actual schooling. Each
individual has different kinds of feelings viz. Joy, trust envy, contempt
misery, dread, sorrow, outrage, wonder, desire, forlornness, and so
forth.
 Improvement of Health: This creates solid related propensities through
wellbeing instruction. This likewise gives schooling about the
counteraction of transferable illnesses.
Importance of Physical Education
Support sportsmanship in all parts of rivalry.
Broaden every understudy’s dining experience and satisfaction.
Make energy for dynamic amusement and game.
Help understudies in arriving at their actual potential in an assortment of
wearing conditions.
Actual schooling is helpful for both the bodies and psyches of understudies.
By being more dynamic, understudies will likewise benefit by having the option
to more readily keep away from injury, they will have more certainty, and they
can see work on psychological wellness.
It’s vital to teach understudies the advantages of the jungle gym and in-school
active work and educate them on issues connected with the human body and
other wellbeing-related issues to provide them with a superior comprehension
of how their body functions.
Types of Physical Education
Physical education is classified into many activities including mental and
physical exercises. Physical activity simply means the movement of the body
that uses energy.
The three main types of physical activities are Aerobic, Muscle & Bone
strengthening, and Stretching.
1. Aerobic activities: Benefits your heart and lungs Running Walking Swimming
Cycling Dancing
2. Muscle & Bone strengthening: Improve your muscles and bones by Push-
ups, curl-ups weight lifts Climbing stairs Digging in the Garden or field
3. Stretching: Improves your flexibility of joints Yoga Different stretching
exercises

Facts about Physical education as a Career

1. Educational Requirement: Actual instruction educators are expected to
have an unhitched male’s or alternately graduate degree in actual
training, contingent upon the school locale.
These projects can show you the essential exercises of actual schooling
classes and the science behind active work. You’ll likewise have the
option to get a lot of commonsense understudy showing experience,
which is expected to acquire an education permit.
By and large, graduate degree programs in actual schooling contain
more inside and out instruction hypotheses and science parts than four-
year college education programs. Classes might incorporate mishap
avoidance, kinesiology, and assessment of actual wellness.
2. Licensure/Certification: To work in a government-funded school as an
actual training instructor, you should be authorized. Licensure fluctuates
by state, however, ordinarily expects you to hold a four-year certification
in a field of schooling and complete a particular number of long
stretches of directed understudy instructing.
You should likewise breeze through an overall showing accreditation
assessment and one in your particular field of study. Educators should
likewise finish proceeding with instructions to keep up with their
permits, as indicated by the U.S. Agency of Labor Statistics (BLS).
3. Career Outlook: The BLS predicts just a 4% development in the number
of occupations for secondary school, center teachers, and primary
teachers from 2019-2029.
Accessible open doors do differ by branch of knowledge and area. More
positions might be accessible in country and metropolitan schools than
in rural areas.
Conclusion
Youngsters are becoming overweight because of the way that they don’t
partake in sports activities or know the significance of physical education.
Since kids are becoming overweight guardians need to have their kids take an
interest in physical activities from birth because P. Education will be educated
to their kids when they begin going to class.
Educators that show physical education will show understudies how to deal
with themselves appropriately.
This is significant because when somebody is taught regard to the significance
of their well-being then it will make them carry on with a solid way of life.
So, guardians, educators, and different grown-ups need to stress the
importance of Physical Edu. in schools.
 Unit 6
Olympic, Commonwealth and Asian Games
Ancient Olympic Games –Historical Background, Significance of Ancient
Games.

The ancient Olympic Games were a sporting event held every four years at the
sacred site of Olympia, in the western Peloponnese, in honour of Zeus, the
supreme god of the Greek religion. The games, held from 776 BCE to 393 CE,
involved participants and spectators from all over Greece and even beyond.

The Olympic Games were the most important cultural event in ancient Greece
and they ran for 293 consecutive Olympiads. So important were the Games in
the ancient world that they were even used as a basis for the calendar.

Origins of the Games

Sporting events were originally associated with funeral rituals, particularly

those of heroes and the fallen in battle, for example, the games for Patroklos
in Homer's Iliad. At Olympia, in particular, some mythological accounts credit
Zeus with beginning the Games to celebrate his victory over Kronos whilst
other accounts state the hero Pelops began them in honour of Oinomaos. In
any case, sport, a healthy body and the competitive spirit were a large part
of Greek education and so it is hardly surprising that organised athletic
competitions would at some point be created, as they had been in the
earlier Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations.

The first Olympics were held from 776 BCE at the first full moon after the
summer solstice (around the middle of July) in honour of Zeus. The winner of
the first and only event, the stadion foot-race was Koroibos of Elis and from
then on every victor was recorded and each Olympiad named after them, thus
giving us the first accurate chronology of the ancient Greek world. An
Olympiad was not only the event’s name but also the period between games.
During a three-month pan-Hellenic truce, athletes and as many as 40,000
spectators came from all over Greece to participate in the Games at Olympia.
Later, other games would be organised at other sacred sites such
as Delphi, Isthmia and Nemea but the Olympian Games would remain the most
prestigious.
The Games started with a procession that went from the host town of Elis to
Olympia, led by the Hellanodikai (judges) and on arrival at Olympia all athletes
and officials swore an oath to follow the established rules of the competitions
and to compete with honour and respect. The most important religious
ceremony of the event was the sacrifice of 100 oxen, known as the hecatomb,
at the altar of Zeus, carried out when the sporting events were over.

Modern Olympic Games: Olympic Motto, Emblem, Rings, International

Olympic Committee (IOC), functions of IOC

The modern Olympic Games or Olympics are the leading international sporting
events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands
of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The
Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition, with
more than 200 teams representing sovereign states and territories. The
Olympic Games are normally held every four years, and since 1994, have
alternated between the Summer and Winter Olympics every two years during
the four-year period.
Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games held in Olympia,
Greece from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de
Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, leading
to the first modern Games in Athens in 1896. The IOC is the governing body of
the Olympic Movement (which encompasses all entities and individuals
involved in the Olympic Games) with the Olympic Charter defining its structure
and authority.
The evolution of the Olympic Movement during the 20th and 21st centuries
has resulted in several changes to the Olympic Games. Some of these
adjustments include the creation of the Winter Olympic Games for snow and
ice sports, the Paralympic Games for athletes with disabilities, the Youth
Olympic Games for athletes aged 14 to 18, the five Continental games (Pan
American, African, Asian, European, and Pacific), and the World Games for
sports that are not contested in the Olympic Games. The IOC also endorses
the Deaflympics and the Special Olympics. World wars led to the cancellation
of the 1916, 1940, and 1944 Olympics; large-scale boycotts during the Cold
War limited participation in the 1980 and 1984 Olympics;[ and
the 2020 Olympics were postponed until 2021 as a result of the COVID-19
pandemic.
The Olympic Movement consists of international sports
federations (IFs), National Olympic Committees (NOCs), and organising
committees for each specific Olympic Games. As the decision-making body, the
IOC is responsible for choosing the host city for each Games, and organises and
funds the Games according to the Olympic Charter. The IOC also determines
the Olympic programme, consisting of the sports to be contested at the
Games. There are several Olympic rituals and symbols, such as the Olympic
flag and torch, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies. Over 14,000
athletes competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics and 2018 Winter
Olympics combined, in 35 different sports and over 400 events. The first,
second, and third-place finishers in each event receive Olympic medals: gold,
silver, and bronze, respectively.
Olympic Motto: On 20 July 2021, the Session of the International Olympic
Committee approved a change in the Olympic motto that recognises the
unifying power of sport and the importance of solidarity. The change adds the
word “together” after an en dash to “Faster, Higher, Stronger”. The new
Olympic motto now reads: “Faster, Higher, Stronger – Together”.

The Olympic Rings – widely known throughout the world as the Olympic rings
– is the visual ambassador of olympism for billions of people. Based on a
design first created by Pierre de Coubertin, the Olympic rings remain a global
representation of the Olympic Movement and its activity.

Definition:“The Olympic symbol consists of five interlaced rings of equal

dimensions (the Olympic rings), used alone, in one or in five different colours.
When used in its five-colour version, these colours shall be, from left to right,
blue, yellow, black, green and red. The rings are interlaced from left to right;
the blue, black and red rings are situated at the top, the yellow and green rings
at the bottom in accordance with the following graphic reproduction.”

Meaning:“The Olympic symbol expresses the activity of the Olympic

Movement and represents the union of the five continents and the meeting of
athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games.”

Asian Games

The Asian Games, also known as Asiad, is a continental multi-sport event held
every four years among athletes from all over Asia. The Games were regulated
by the Asian Games Federation (AGF) from the first Games in New Delhi, India,
until the 1978 Games. Since the 1982 Games, they have been organized by the
Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), after the breakup of the Asian Games
Federation.The Games are recognized by the International Olympic Committee
(IOC) and are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the
Olympic Games.

There have been nine nations that have hosted the Asian Games. Forty-six
nations have participated in the Games, including Israel, which was excluded
from the Games after their last participation in 1974. The most recent games
was held in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia from 18 August to 2 September
2018. The next games are scheduled to be held in Hangzhou, China. Hangzhou
will be the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games, after Beijing in 1990 and
Guangzhou in 2010.The Games were originally scheduled to take place from 10
to 25 September 2022, but the event was postponed due to the COVID-19
pandemic on 6 May due to concerns on travelling to mainland China, amid the
potential threat of COVID-19 variants. On 19 July 2022, the new dates were
announced to be from 23 September to 8 October 2023.

Since 2010, host cities manage both the Asian Games and the Asian Para
Games, the latter an event for athletes with disabilities to compete with each
other. The Asian Para Games are held immediately following the Asian Games,
but the exclusion of Asian Para Games from any Asian Games host city contract
means that both events will run independently of each other.