7th grade FINAL REVIEW

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Rational Numbers
Algebra is a branch of mathematics that uses symbols. A variable is a letter or symbol
used to represent an unknown quantity.

Order of Operations
The Order of Operations is a set of rules determining in what order you add, subtract,
multiply, and divide to evaluate numerical expressions.

Parenthesis
Exponents
Multiplication/Division (from left to right)
Addition/Subtraction (from left to right)

Absolute Value
Absolute Value is the distance from 0 to a number on a number line.
o Example: |−4|=¿ 4

o Example: −|7−14|=¿ -7

Evaluating Expressions
 Evaluate each expression if r = 1, s = 5, and t = 8.
st (5)(8)
6 s+2 t =2
20 20
6(5) + 2(8) = 48
Translating Verbal Expressions into Algebraic Expressions
You can use key words in a word expression to help you translate it into an algebraic
expression with symbols. You can use variables, letters, or symbols to represent unknown
quantities.
Add Subtract Multiply Divide
Sum Less Times Quotient
More * Less Than Product
Plus Minus

Example: Three less than 2 times a number. 2n - 3

Properties of Numbers
o Commutative Property: Numbers can be added or multiplied in any ORDER.
a+ b=b+a a∗b=b∗a

o Associative Property: Addends/Factors can be GROUPED in different ways.

(a+ b)+c=a+(b +c) and (a∗b)∗c=a∗(b∗c)

o Identity Property:
o Identity Element for Addition: 0 3+0=3
o Identity Element for Multiplication: 1 3 ∙1=3

o Distributive Property of Multiplication over Addition: When an indicated sum

is multiplied by a number, the result is the product of the number and the first
addend plus the product of the number and the second addend.
a (b+ c)=ab+ac

Operations with Rational Numbers

Integer Rules:
 To add integers with the same sign, add their absolute values and keep the original
sign.
 To add integers with different signs, subtract their absolute values and keep the
sign of the addend with the greater absolute value.
 To subtract an integer, add its additive inverse.
 The product/quotient of two integers with different signs is negative.
 The product/quotient of two integers with the same signs is positive.

Examples:
8−(−3) 12 (−2 ) +3−(−1) 5 ∙(−6)

11 -20 -30
2+8+(−3) −24 ÷ (−6) −1 2
∙
3 5
7 4 2
- 15
The first hill on a certain roller coaster is 255 feet tall. The first drop on another roller
11
coaster is about 20 as tall as the first coaster. Find the height of the hill on the second
roller coaster.

11 1
( 255 ) =140 feet
20 4
 Equations and Inequalities
Solving Multi-Step Equations
o An equation is mathematical sentence using an equal sign.
o Solving an equation means finding the number that replaces the variable in the
equation to make the equation true.
o Remember to ISOLATE THE VARIABLE!

Example: Solve and Check 12x + 60 = 924

Solve: Check:
12x + 60 = 924 12x + 60 = 924
-60 -60 12(72) + 60
12x = 864 924 = 924
12 12

x = 72

Solving Equations with Distributive Property

Example: Solve and Check 3 ( x−2 )=5 (x+ 8)

Solve: Check:
3x – 6 = 5x + 40 3 ( x−2 )=5 (x+ 8)
-3x -3x 3(-23 - 2) = 5(-23 + 8)
-6 = 2x + 40 3(-25) = 5(-15)
-40 -40 -75 = -75
-46 = 2x
2 2

-23 = x

Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides

Solve: Check:

6 4 6 4
y +8= y−10 y +8= y−10
5 5 5 5
−6 6 6 4
y− y (−45)+8= (−45)−10
5 5 5 5
−2
8= y – 10 -46 = -46
5
+10 = +10

−5 −2 −5
( ¿18 = ( y¿ ( ¿
2 5 2
 -45 = y

Inequalities
o An inequality is a sentence using either <, >, ¿ ,≥ .
o Use open circles to graph inequalities that use the signs < and >
o Use closed circles to graph inequalities that use the signs¿,≥ .

Graphing the Solution to an Inequality on a Number Line

 Solve the inequality like an equation.

 Place an open circle or closed circle on the number.
 Shade with arrows to the left or right.

Solve and graph: Solve and graph:

1 7
t+ <2
n+3 n – 12> 8 5 10

4n – 12 > 8 −2 −2
+ 12 +12 10 10
4n > 20 _____ _____
4 4 1
t < 2
n>5 2

4 5 6 2 3

Ratios, Proportions & Similar Figures

Rates/Unit Rates
Rate: A rate is a ratio of two quantities having different kinds of units. Suppose you
text 60 characters in 30 seconds. This can be written as a rate:

Unit Rate – The price of one item or one unit of measure.

o To find the unit price for a set of items, divide the total cost by the number
of items.
Express each rate as a unit rate:

$ 11 $ 2.75
a. $11 for 4 boxes of cereal. 4 boxes = box
 400 miles 28.6 miles
b. 400 miles on 14 gallons of gasoline. =
14 gallons 1 gallon

Proportional Relationships
Two quantities are proportional if they have a constant ratio or rate. The constant ratio is
called the constant of proportionality.

Example: Determine whether the cost of coffee is proportional to the number of pounds.
If so, identify the constant of proportionality.

Coffee Cost
(lbs) ($)
1 3
2 6
3 9
4 12
Yes, because the y/x is the same throughout the table. K = 3
Graphing Proportional Relationships
If the graph of the two quantities is a straight line through the origin, then the two
quantities are proportional.

Complete the table so that the relationship between the two quantities is proportional.

Yards of 5 7.5 15 25
Ribbon
Total Cost ($) 2 3 6 10

Solving Proportions
o When solving proportions, remember to first write a word ratio. To solve,
CROSS-MULTIPLY the means and the extremes to form an equation. Then
solve the equation for the variable.

Example: A car uses 9 gallons of gas for a 162-mile drive. How many gallons of
gas will the same car use in a 216-mile drive?
miles 162 216
= g=12 miles
gallons 9 g
Similar Figures
Scale Drawings:
A scale is a ratio. It is the ratio between the dimensions of the drawing and the
actual dimensions of the object.

Indirect Measurement
 Indirect Measurement is a technique used when it is either too difficult or
impossible to measure by direct methods.
Geometry
Circles

Formula for Circumference: Formula for Area:

C = πd A = πr 2

Example: The circular floor carpet has an area of 484 π in2. What is the radius of the
floor carpet?

Finding Area

Area Formulas:
Rectangle: A = length x width
Square: A = side 2
Parallelogram: A = base x height
1
Triangle: A = 2 base x height
1
Trapezoid: A =( 2 base 1+ base 2)heigh t

Perimeter of Regular and Composite Figures

Perimeter is the distance around an object.

Add up all the sides

Volume & Surface Area

The surface area of a three-dimensional figure is the area of the outside or surface.
The number of cubes that fit into a solid figure or three-dimensional figure gives the
measure of its volume in cubic units.

Formulas for Volume and Surface Area:

Cylinder: V = π r2
Rectangular Prims: V= length x width x height
 1
Triangular prism: V=( base x height of the triagle¿ Height of the prism
2
***Surface Area: Find the area of each face and add them together.

Statistics and Probability

Measures of Central Tendency
 Mean: The mean of a data set is the sum of the data values divided by the number
of data values. The mean is also called the average.
 Median: the median of a data set is the middle value of a data set when the
numbers are arranged in order. For an even number of data values, the median is
the average of the two middle numbers.
 Mode: The mode of a data set is the data value that occurs most often. A data set
may have one mode, no mode, or many modes.
 Range: The range is of a data set is the difference between the greatest value and
the least value in a data set

Box and Whisker:

Experimental Probability
An outcome is a possible result of an experiment. A probability based on outcomes is
experimental probability.

Experimental Probability = # of favorable outcomes

total possible outcomes

Tree Diagrams
o You can make a tree diagram to represent the combinations that are possible.
A tree diagram is used to represent the combinations of events.

Example: List the possible outcomes for flipping a coin twice.

To find the total number of outcomes, we use the fundamental counting principle.

Dependent Events
o Two events are dependent when the outcome of one event is affected by the
outcome of the other.
o REMEMBER: WITHOUT REPLACEMENT
Independent Events
o Two events are independent when the outcome of one event is NOT affected
by the outcome of the other.
o REMEMBER: WITH REPLACEMENT

Algebraic Expressions
 A monomial is a single variable or number, or a product of a number and one or
more variables, with exponents that are whole numbers.
Examples of monomials:
7x, 32, 14y2, z, 8xy
 A polynomial is a monomial or the sum or difference of monomials.
Examples of polynomials:
3 + y, 4x + 2y – 3z, 12x2 + 2y2
o A binomial is a 2-term algebraic expression.
Examples of binomials:
3y – 17, 4x + 2y, 12x2 + 2y2

 A coefficient is the number in front of a variable

 A constant is a number that is not multiplied by a variable.

Simplifying Expressions
An expression is a collection of numbers and/or variables connected by an operation or
operations. Some expressions contain like terms. Like terms have the same variable
raised to the same power.

Example: Simplify this expression by combining like terms.

6−9 a+15 a+3=6 a+9

Adding Polynomials
You can add polynomials horizontally or vertically by combining like terms.

Example: ¿2+3 x – 2 ¿+¿2 – x – 5 ¿=¿ 3x2 + 2x - 7

Subtracting Polynomials
To subtract a polynomial, add the opposite of each term of the 2nd polynomial.

Example: (3x2 + 2x – 1) – (2x2 – x – 5) = (3x2 + 2x – 1) + (-2x2 + x + 5) =

= x2 + 3x + 4
Application Problems:
Example: A rectangle has a length of (5x – 2) feet and a width of (4x + 7) feet.
Write and simplify a linear expression for the perimeter.
 P = 2(5x – 2) + 2(4x + 7) = 10x – 4 + 8x + 14 = 18x +10 feet

Percent
Fractions, Decimals, & Percents
Memorize Me!
Fraction Decimal Percent
1/2 0.5 50%
1/3 0.3333 33 1/3 %
4/5 0.8 80%
1/4 0.25 25%
3/4 0.75 75 %
1/8 0.125 12.5%
2/3 0.6666 66 2/3 %
1 1. 100%

Finding Percents Use the following proportion to help find percents:

_Part = %_
Whole 100
x 60
Example: What is 60% of 300? = x=180
300 100

Percent of Change
o To find the percent of increase or decrease, compare the increase or the
decrease (the change) to the original number.

Amount of Change = Percent of CHANGE

Original

Simple Interest
o Remember I = PRT
o Interest = Principal x Rate x Time (annually)

Application Problems: John wants to buy a new iPad. The regular price of the iPad is
$525.00. The sale price is 20% off of the regular price.
  What is the sale price? 525(0.8) = $420

 John must pay 5.5% sales tax in addition to the sale price. What is the total
amount? 420(1.055) = $443.10
Triangles
Pythagorean Theorem
 In any right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the
sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs.

Formula: a2 + b2 = c2
 The hypotenuse is the side opposite the right angle. It is always the longest side.

leg hypotenuse

leg

Triangle Angle Sum Theorem: The angles in a triangle must add up to 180˚.

Triangle Inequality Theorem: The sum of the two smaller sides of a triangle must be
larger than the third side in order to form a triangle.

Triangle Congruence Conditions:

One Triangle Many Triangles No Triangles

SAS AAA (use Tri Ang. Sum Th.) SSS (if the sum of the
ASA AA, AS, SS smaller sides is NOT
AAS greater than the 3rd side)
SSS (use Tri. Inequal. Th.)