SRV INNOVATIVE PUBLIC SCHOOL (SENIOR SECONDARY)

RASIPURAM

WORKSHEET - PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCEAND VARIATION

Class 12 - Biology

Section A
1. Three genes R, S and T are located on the same chromosome. If the recombinant percentage between R and S is [1]
20%, R and T is 35% and S and T is 15% respectively, can you predict the correct order of these genes on the
chromosome? Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the genes on the chromosome?

a) R-S-T b) S-T-R

c) S-R-T d) R-T-S
2. In a dihybrid cross, if you get 9:3:3:1 ratio it denotes that: [1]

a) It is a case of multiple allelism b) The alleles of two genes are interacting with
each other

c) The alleles of two genes are segregating d) It is a multigenic inheritance

independently.
3. Genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as: [1]

a) Heterogenic b) Polygene

c) Homologous genes d) Alleles

4. Segregation of homologous chromosomes occurs during: [1]

a) Gametes formation b) During gene expression

c) During mitosis division d) During equational division

5. Choose the set of sex determining chromosomes that indicates the correct sex of the respective organism. [1]

a) XO type of sex chromosomes determine b) Homozygous sex chromosomes (XX)

male sex in grasshoppers produce male sex in Drosophila

c) Homozygous sex chromosomes (ZZ) d) XXY condition in humans, as found in

determine female sex in birds Turner Syndrome, determines male sex
6. In our society women are blamed for producing female children as the growth and development of a child occurs [1]
inside the mother's womb. This statement is:

a) Sometimes correct b) Correct

c) Incorrect d) Always correct

7. XY chromosome that determines the sex in human beings are: [1]

a) Heterologous b) Heteromorphic

c) Homomorphic d) Genologous

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A.B.KARTHICK KUMAR M.Sc.,B.Ed.,DTP,DHMS,DMC,DMP
 8. In birds, the female has been designed to be the Z and W chromosomes. In these organism female have: [1]

a) One Z and one W chromosome b) Two Z and 1 one W chromosome

c) One Z and two W chromosomes d) One Z and 0 W chromosomes

9. Which organism’s male contains a pair of Z chromosome as sex chromosome besides autosomes? [1]

a) Birds b) Insects

c) Lizards d) Human beings

10. Henking X-body present in 50% of sperms is now known as: [1]

a) Lamp brush chromosomes b) Autosomes

c) Y-chromosome d) X-chromosome
11. Linkage is the: [1]

a) Generation of non-parental gene b) Generation of parental gene combination

combination

c) Physical association of two genes present on d) Physical association of two genes present on
a different chromosome the same chromosome
12. In the F2 generation of a Mendelian dihybrid cross the number of phenotypes and genotypes are: [1]

a) phenotypes - 4; genotypes - 8 b) phenotypes - 9; genotypes - 4

c) phenotypes - 4; genotypes - 16 d) phenotypes - 4; genotypes - 9

13. A cross between two tall plants resulted in offspring having few dwarf plants. What would be the genotypes of [1]
both the parents?

a) Tt and Tt b) TT and TT

c) Tt and tt d) TT and Tt
14. Which of the following will not result in variations among siblings? [1]

a) Crossing over b) Linkage

c) Mutation d) Independent assortment of genes

15. It is said that Mendel proposed that the factor controlling any character is discrete and independent. His [1]
proposition was based on the:

a) results of F3 generation of a cross. b) observations that the offspring of a cross

made between the plants having two
contrasting characters shows only one
character without any blending.

c) cross pollination of F1 generation with d) self pollination of F1 offsprings

recessive parent
16. Plotting of specific genes on the chromosome is known as: [1]

a) Chromosome map/linkage map/genetic map b) Chromosome map only

c) Linkage map only d) Genetic map only

17. Female heterogamety is present in: [1]

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A.B.KARTHICK KUMAR M.Sc.,B.Ed.,DTP,DHMS,DMC,DMP
 a) Insects b) Human beings

c) Birds d) Cockroach
18. Occasionally, a single gene may express more than one effect. The phenomenon is called: [1]

a) polygeny b) pleiotropy

c) multiple allelism d) mosaicism

19. In human beings, if ovum fertilizes with a sperm carrying X-chromosome the zygote develops into ________. [1]

a) Sterile b) Female

c) Male d) No fertilization
20. Sex determination in a human being is: [1]

a) XX and XO type b) XY and XX type

c) YY and XX type d) XXY type

21. Assertion (A): Codominant alleles lack dominant recessive relationship. [1]
Reason (R): Codominant alleles show incomplete dominance.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

22. Assertion (A): A gamete may carry either of the traits but not both. [1]
Reason (R): During independent assortment traits are separated.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

23. Assertion (A): Crossing over is exchange of parts of chromosomes. [1]
Reason (R): It occurs prior to duplication of chromosomes.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

24. Assertion (A): A gene may have several allelomorphs. [1]
Reason (R): Wild form can mutate in more than one way.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

25. Assertion (A): Scientifically it is correct to say that the sex of the baby is determined by the father and not by [1]
the mother.
Reason (R): Female produces only one type of egg contain X chromosome while male produces two types of
sperm X and Y.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

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A.B.KARTHICK KUMAR M.Sc.,B.Ed.,DTP,DHMS,DMC,DMP
 c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
26. Assertion (A): Males suffer from sex-linked disorders more often than females. [1]
Reason (R): Sex linked disorders are mostly by recessive genes.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

27. Assertion (A): The strength of linkage will be more when the distance between two genes is greater. [1]
Reason (R): Crossing over will be relatively less frequent.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) Both A and R are false.

Section B
28. What is a test cross? How does it differ from a reciprocal cross? [2]
29. Two children, one with blood group AB and other with blood group O are born to parents, where the father has [2]
blood group A and the mother has blood group B. Work out a cross to show how is it possible?
30. With the help of an example differentiate between incomplete dominance and co-dominance. [2]
31. a. The male fruit fly and female fowl are heterogametic, whereas female fruit fly and male fowl are [2]
homogametic. Explain.
b. Male honey bees do not have a father and hence no sons, but can have a grandfather and grandson. Justify.
32. Why do certain genes tend to be inherited together in a cell at the time of cell division? [2]
33. The cytological observations made in a number of insects led to the development of the concept of [2]
genetic/chromosomal basis of sex-determination mechanism. Honey bee is an interesting example to study the
mechanism of sex-determination. Study the schematic cross between the male and the female honey bees given
below and answer the questions that follow:

a. Identify the cell divisions A and B that lead to gamete formation in female and male honey bees respectively.
b. Name the process C that leads to the development of male honey bee (drone).
34. Even if a character shows multiple allelism, an individual will only have two alleles for that character. Why? [2]
35. What is the phenotypic and genotypic ratio of incomplete dominance? [2]
Section C
36. A plant with red flowers was crossed with another plant with yellow flowers. If F1 showed all flowers orange in [3]

colour, explain the inheritance.

37. Mention the advantages of selecting pea plant for experiment by Mendel. [3]

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A.B.KARTHICK KUMAR M.Sc.,B.Ed.,DTP,DHMS,DMC,DMP
38. Two heterozygous parents are crossed. If the two loci are linked what would be the distribution of phenotypic [3]
features in F1 generation for a dihybrid cross?
39. If a true breeding homozygous pea plant with green pod and axial flowers as dominant characters is crossed with [3]
a recessive homozygous pea plant with yellow pods and terminal flowers, then what would be the:
(a) Genotypes of the two parents
(b) Phenotypes and genotypes of the F1 offspring

(c) Phenotypic distribution ratio in F2 population

40. Differentiate between multiple allelism and pleiotropy with the help of an example each. [3]
41. What is Down’s syndrome? Give its symptoms and cause. Why is it that the chances of having a child with [3]
Down’s syndrome increases if the age of the mother exceeds forty years?
42. Why is the frequency of red-green color blindness is many times higher in males than that in females? [3]
43. A dihybrid heterozygous round, yellow-seeded garden pea was crossed with a double recessive plant. [3]
i. What type of cross is this?
ii. Work out the genotype and phenotype of the progeny.
iii. What principle of Mendel is illustrated through the result of this cross?
Section D
44. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
During a study of the inheritance of two genes, the teacher asked students to perform an experiment. The
students crossed white-eyed, yellow-bodied female Drosophila with a red-eyed, brown-bodied male Drosophila
(i.e., wild). They observed that progenies in F2 generation had 1.3 percent recombinants and 98.7 percent

parental type combinations. The experimental cross with results is shown in the given figure. [Note: Dominant
wild-type alleles are represented with (+) sign in superscript.]

(a) What is your conclusion about the pattern of inheritance of genes in this case.
(b) Why was the Teacher asked to conduct an experiment on Drosophila?
(c) What is the relation between distance between map distance and linkage.
(d) What is the relation between distance between recombination and linkage?
45. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
While studying the inheritance of characters, a teacher gave the example of inheritance of attached earlobe and
hypertrichosis of the ear to her students. A man with attached earlobes and extensive hair on pinna married a
woman having free earlobes. The couple had four children, one son with attached earlobes and hairy pinna, one

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A.B.KARTHICK KUMAR M.Sc.,B.Ed.,DTP,DHMS,DMC,DMP
 son with free earlobes and hairy pinna and two daughters with attached earlobes. One of the daughters married a
man with free earlobes and sparse hair on pinna. Teacher said if this couple would have sons there would be
equal chances for both having free or attached earlobes and sparse hair on pinnae.

(a) If a man with an attached earlobe and hairy pinna married a woman with an attached earlobe then what
would be the chances of son having hairy pinna?
(b) A male with attached earlobe, sparse hair on pinna married a female with an attached earlobe. What is the
progenies?
(c) Attached and free earlobe are respective example of which trait?
(d) If a female with attached earlobe married a male homozygous for free earlobe sparse hair on pinna then
what would be the chances of daughter to have attached earlobe
46. Read the following and answer any four questions: [4]
Prashant wanted to find the genotype of a pea plant bearing purple coloured flowers in his kitchen garden. For
this, he crossed purple-flowered plants with a white-flowered plant. As a result, all plants which were produced
had purple flowers only. Upon selfing these plants, 75 purple flower plants and 25 white flower plants were
produced. Now, he can determine the genotype of a purple-flowered plant by crossing it with a white-flowered
plant.
i. Which of the following cannot be derived from the crosses done by Prashant?
a. Mendel’s law of segregation
b. Mendel’s law of dominance
c. Mendel’s law of independent assortment
d. Both Mendel’s law of segregation and Mendel’s law of independent assortment
ii. To determine the genotype of a purple flowered plant, Prashant crossed this plant with a white flowered
plant. This cross represents a
a. test cross
b. dihybrid cross
c. reciprocal cross
d. trihybrid cross
iii. In white flowered plant, allele is expressed in
a. heterozygous condition only
b. homozygous condition only
c. F3 generation
d. both homozygous and heterozygous condition.

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A.B.KARTHICK KUMAR M.Sc.,B.Ed.,DTP,DHMS,DMC,DMP
 iv. The character, i.e., purple colour of the flowers that appeared in the first filial generation is called
a. recessive character
b. dominant character
c. holandric character
d. lethal character.
v. Assertion (A): A geneticist crossed two plants and he obtained 50% purple flowered plants and 50% white
flowered plants.
Reasons (R): Purple coloured flower plant might be heterozygous.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. Both A and R are false.
vi. In Antirrhinum (dog flower), the phenotypic ratio in F2 generation for the inheritance of flower colour would
be
a. 3 : 1
b. 1 : 2 : 1
c. 1 : 1
d. 2 : 1
47. Read the following and answer any four questions: [4]
ABO blood groups in human beings are controlled by the gene I. The gene I has three alleles. IA, lB and i. Since
there are three different alleles six different genotypes are possible. If two persons with AB blood group marry
and have sufficient large number of children, there children could be classified as A blood group : AB blood
group : B blood group in 1 : 2 : 1 ratio. Modern technique of protein electrophoresis reveals presence of both A
and B type proteins in AB’ blood group individuals.
i. How many types of phenotypes can occur in ABO blood group?
a. Six
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
ii. ABO blood grouping in human beings cites the example of
a. incomplete dominance
b. co-dominance
c. multiple allelism
d. both co-dominance and multiple allelism
iii. The presence of both A and B type proteins in AB blood group individuals is an example of
a. partial dominance
b. incomplete dominance
c. co-dominance
d. complete dominance
iv. If a man of A blood group marries a woman of AB blood group. Which type of progeny indicates that man is
heterozygous?

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A.B.KARTHICK KUMAR M.Sc.,B.Ed.,DTP,DHMS,DMC,DMP
 a. O
b. B
c. A
d. AB
v. Complete the given table regarding different possibilities and their corresponding blood groups.

Genotypes Blood groups

IAIB (I)

IB i, (II) B

(III) O

IAIA, (IV) IA

a. (I) - O, (II) - IBIB, (III) - IBi, (IV) - IAi

b. (I) - AB, (II) - IAi, (III) - IAIB, (IV) - IBi

c. (I) - AB, (II) - IBIB, (III) - ii, (IV) - IAi

d. (I) - O, (II) - IAIA, (III) - ii, (IV) - IAi

vi. If the parents have the allele form of IA and IB then the genotype offspring will be

a. IAIA
b. IBIB

c. IAIB
d. IOIO
Section E
48. A normal visioned woman, whose father is color blind, marries a normal visioned man. What would be the [5]
probability of her sons and daughters to be color blind? Explain with the help of a pedigree chart.
49. Write a short note on haplodiploidy. [5]
50. Mendel crossed a homozygous pea plant having yellow and round seeds with another pea plant bearing green [5]
and wrinkled seeds. He found that in some of the F2 population new combination of parental characters were
observed. How will you explain the appearance of a new combination of parental characters in F2-offsprings?
Support your answer with the help of Punnett square.
51. Describe the dihybrid cross upto F2 generation as conducted by Gregor Mendel using pure lines of Garden Pea [5]
for characters seed shape and seed colour.
Section F
52. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [6]
While studying inheritance of characters, a teacher gave the example of inheritance of attached earlobe and
hypertrichosis of the ear to her students. A man with attached earlobes and extensive hair on pinna married a
woman having free earlobes. The couple had four children, one son with attached earlobes and hairy pinna, one
son with free earlobes and hairy pinna and two daughters with attached earlobes. One of the daughters married a
man with free earlobes and sparse hair on pinna. Teacher said if this couple would have sons there would be
equal chances for both having free or attached earlobes and sparse hair on pinnae.
(a) Hypertrichosis of the ear is

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A.B.KARTHICK KUMAR M.Sc.,B.Ed.,DTP,DHMS,DMC,DMP
 a) Y linked trait b) autosomal dominant trait

c) X linked trait d) autosomal recessive trait

(b) If a man with an attached earlobe and hairy pinna married a woman with an attached earlobe then what
would be the chances of son having hairy pinna?

a) 100% b) 75%

c) 50% d) 0%
(c) A male with attached earlobe, sparse hair on pinna married a female with an attached earlobe. Which of
the following is correct regarding their progenies?

a) 50% sons have attached earlobe with b) 50% daughters have an attached earlobe
hairy pinna and 50% sons have a free whereas 50% daughters have a free
earlobe. earlobe.

c) All sons have a free earlobe with hairy d) All daughters have an attached earlobe.
pinna.
(d) Attached and free earlobe are respective example of

a) dominant and dominant traits b) recessive and recessive traits

c) recessive and dominant traits d) dominant and recessive traits

(e) If a female with attached earlobe married a male homozygous for free earlobe sparse hair on pinna then
what would be the chances of daughter to have attached earlobe?

a) 100% b) 75%

c) 25% d) 0%
(f) Assertion (A): If a man with attached earlobe (ee) and hairy pinna married a woman with attached
earlobes (ee) than only 100% chances of sons to have hairy pinna.
Reason (R): If a male with attached earlobe sparse hair on pinna married a female with attached earlobe
then all son have an attached earlobe.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

53. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [6]
Prashant wanted to find the genotype of a pea plant bearing purple coloured flowers in his kitchen garden. For
this, he crossed purple-flowered plants with a white-flowered plant. As a result, all plants which were produced
had purple flowers only. Upon selfing these plants, 75 purple flower plants and 25 white flower plants were
produced. Now, he can determine the genotype of a purple-flowered plant by crossing it with a white-flowered
plant.
(a) Which of the following cannot be derived from the crosses done by Prashant?

a) Mendel’s law of independent b) Both Mendel’s law of segregation and

assortment Mendel’s law of independent
assortment

c) Mendel’s law of dominance d) Mendel’s law of segregation

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A.B.KARTHICK KUMAR M.Sc.,B.Ed.,DTP,DHMS,DMC,DMP
 (b) To determine the genotype of a purple flowered plant, Prashant crossed this plant with a white flowered
plant. This cross represents a

a) trihybrid cross b) dihybrid cross

c) reciprocal cross d) test cross

(c) In white flowered plant, allele is expressed in

a) homozygous condition only b) both homozygous and heterozygous

condition

c) F3 generation d) heterozygous condition only

(d) The character, i.e., purple colour of the flowers that appeared in the first filial generation is called

a) recessive character b) holandric character

c) dominant character d) lethal character.

(e) Assertion (A): A geneticist crossed two plants and he obtained 50% purple flowered plants and 50%
white flowered plants.
Reasons (R): Purple coloured flower plant might be heterozygous.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

(f) In Antirrhinum (dog flower), the phenotypic ratio in F2 generation for the inheritance of flower colour
would be

a) 1 : 2 : 1 b) 2 : 1

c) 3 : 1 d) 1 : 1
54. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [6]
During a study of inheritance of two genes, teacher asked students to perform an experiment. The students
crossed white eyed, yellow bodied female Drosophila with a red eyed, brown bodied male Drosophila (i.e.,
wild). They observed that progenies in F2 generation had 1.3 percent recombinants and 98.7 percent parental
type combinations. The experimental cross with results is shown in the given figure. [Note: Dominant wild type

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A.B.KARTHICK KUMAR M.Sc.,B.Ed.,DTP,DHMS,DMC,DMP
alleles are represented with (+) sign in superscript.]

(a) By conducting the given experiment, teacher can conclude that

A. Genes for eye colour and body colour are linked
B. Genes for eye colour and body colour show complete linkage
C. Linked gene remain together and are inherited

a) A and B only b) A and C only

c) B only d) A, B and C
(b) Teacher asked to conduct an experiment on Drosophila because

a) a single mating could produce a large b) the male and female flies are easily
number of progeny flies distinguishable

c) all of these. d) it completes its life cycle in about two

weeks
(c) Genes white eyed and yellow bodied located very close to one another on the same chromosome tend to be
transmitted together are called

a) allelomorphs b) recessive genes

c) linked genes d) identical genes

(d) Select the correct statement regarding the given experiment.

a) The two linked genes always segregate b) The physical distance between two
independently of each other. genes determines frequency of crossing
over.

c) The physical distance between two d) Both the physical distance between two
genes determines strength of linkage. genes determines strength of linkage
and the physical distance between two
genes determines frequency of crossing
over.
(e) Assertion (A): When yellow bodied, white eyed Drosophila females were hybridised with brown-bodied,
red eyed males; and F1 progeny was intercrossed, F2 ratio deviated from 9 : 3 : 3 : 1.

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A.B.KARTHICK KUMAR M.Sc.,B.Ed.,DTP,DHMS,DMC,DMP
 Reason (R): When two genes in a dihybrid are on the same chromosome, the proportion of parental gene
combinations are much higher than the non-parental type.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

(f) Genes located very close to one another on the same chromosome tend to be transmitted together and are
called as:

a) identical genes b) recessive genes

c) allelomorphs d) linked genes

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A.B.KARTHICK KUMAR M.Sc.,B.Ed.,DTP,DHMS,DMC,DMP