1.

Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol): The Beverage additive, and in the production of other
Alcohol chemicals. Methanol is often found in
moonshine and illegal alcohol, leading to
History: Ethanol has been produced for serious health consequences. It is also
thousands of years by fermenting sugars produced naturally by some plants and
from fruits, grains, and other sources. animals.
Ancient civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia,
and China all had their own brewing and Chemical Properties: Highly flammable,
winemaking traditions. toxic, reacts with strong oxidizers. Physical
Properties: Colorless, volatile liquid, boiling
Trivia: Ethanol is the only alcohol that is point of 64.7°C, slightly sweet odor.
readily absorbed into the bloodstream,
making it the alcohol in beverages. It is also
used as a fuel additive (gasohol), a solvent
in many industries, and as a disinfectant. 3. Isopropanol (Isopropyl Alcohol): The
The legal drinking age in most countries is Rubbing Alcohol
set due to the effects of ethanol on the
developing brain. The "proof" of an alcoholic History: Isopropanol was first synthesized
beverage refers to the percentage of in the 19th century, but its widespread use
ethanol present, with 100 proof meaning as a disinfectant and rubbing alcohol didn't
50% ethanol by volume. begin until the 20th century.

What are the chemical properties of Trivia: Isopropanol is a powerful disinfectant

ethanol? Ethanol is a clear, colourless but is toxic if ingested. It is a common
liquid with a characteristic pleasant odour ingredient in hand sanitizers, rubbing
and burning taste. It is highly flammable. alcohol, and cleaning products. It is also
Ethanol is used to dissolve other chemical used as a solvent in various industries.
substances and mixes readily with water Unlike ethanol and methanol, isopropanol is
and many organic liquids. Ethanol is not used as a beverage alcohol.
considered a volatile organic compound by
the National Pollutant Inventory. Chemical Properties: Flammable, reacts
with strong oxidizers. Physical Properties:
Colorless, volatile liquid with a sharp odor,
2. Methanol (Methyl Alcohol): The boiling point of 82.6°C.
Poisonous Alcohol
In addition to the above: All three alcohols
History: Methanol was first synthesized in are flammable and should be handled with
the 17th century, but it was not until the 19th care. They are all colorless, volatile liquids
century that its industrial uses became with distinct odors. The use of alcohols has
widespread. evolved significantly over time, leading to
both positive advancements and tragic
Trivia: Methanol is extremely toxic. Even consequences. It is important to understand
small amounts can cause blindness and the properties and risks associated with
death. It is used as a solvent, a fuel
each type of alcohol to ensure safe and azo/azide compounds, showcasing their
responsible use. versatility and importance.¬¬¬___

__ vs. ALCOHOL
1. Ester: While esters contribute to 7. Acid Halides: Alcohols can be
fruity and floral aromas, alcohols are converted to acid halides, but they are
essential in the formation of esters through preferred for their stability and versatility in
esterification, playing a crucial role in various applications compared to acid
creating these pleasant scents and flavors. halides.

2. Aldehyde: Aldehydes are known for

their distinctive odor and are often used in 8. Sulfides, Thiols, Thials: Alcohols
perfumery. Alcohols, on the other hand, are are more prevalent in everyday products
versatile solvents and can undergo and processes due to their wide range of
oxidation to form aldehydes. applications, including as solvents,
disinfectants, and in the production of
3. Ketones: Ketones are important in cosmetics.
organic synthesis and metabolism, but 9. Ether, Epoxide: Alcohols and ethers
alcohols are more commonly used in have different properties and applications,
various industries, including beverages, with alcohols being more widely used in
pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, due to various industries for their versatility and
their solubility and reactivity. reactivity.___

4. Aromatic Compounds: While 10. Amides, Amine, Imine, Imide:

aromatic compounds contribute to fragrance Alcohols are essential functional groups in
and flavor, alcohols are key components in organic chemistry and various industries,
alcoholic beverages, pharmaceuticals, and offering diverse applications compared to
personal care products, providing both amides, amines, imines, and imides. _
functional and sensory properties.

11. Carboxylic Acid: While carboxylic

5. Acid Anhydrides, Phosphine: acids are important in organic chemistry and
Alcohols are crucial in the production of biochemistry, alcohols are equally essential
esters and other organic compounds, while due to their versatility and widespread use
acid anhydrides and phosphines serve in various products and processes. _
different chemical functions in
reactions.¬¬¬____
12. HC: Alcohols are distinct from
hydrocarbons in their chemical properties
6. Nitrile, Azo/Azide: Alcohols are and applications, offering unique solubility,
more commonly used in everyday products reactivity, and functionality that make them
and processes compared to nitriles and indispensable in numerous industries and
everyday products.
 *Pharmaceuticals:* Explain that many
medications and antiseptics contain alcohol,
PERSUASION enhancing their effectiveness. Ethanol is an
KASS: *Introduction* - Imagine a world important ingredient in many
without hand sanitizers, alcoholic pharmaceutical products, including
beverages, or many essential medicines. medicines, vaccines and disinfectants. It
What do they all have in common? Alcohol! has two key roles in the pharmaceutical
Today, I’m going to show you why the industry: as a solvent and as a preservative.
alcohol functional group is the most - Example: "Medicines like cough syrups
important in chemistry. and topical creams often contain alcohol to
dissolve active ingredients and ensure
1. *Medical Significance* - proper delivery."
*Disinfectants:* Highlight how ethanol and
isopropanol are crucial in disinfecting JIANNE: 2. *Industrial and Laboratory
medical instruments and hands, preventing Uses* - *Solvents:* Describe how alcohols
infections and saving lives. - Example: are versatile solvents used in labs to
"During the COVID-19 pandemic, dissolve chemicals, making them essential
alcohol-based hand sanitizers became in research and development. - Example:
essential tools in fighting the virus." As the "Without alcohols as solvents, many
coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic chemical reactions and analyses would be
seems to persist without a vaccine, Filipinos impossible." -
are relying on disinfectants for an extra
layer of protection against the virus. *Fuel:* Mention that ethanol is used as a
70-percent isopropyl alcohol solutions are biofuel, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and
able to penetrate a microorganism's cell wall contributing to cleaner energy. - Example:
more completely as the presence of water "Ethanol is added to gasoline to improve
slows its evaporation. This results in combustion and reduce pollution." Ethanol
increased surface contact time and better production from corn involves several main
coagulation of proteins which kills a steps: 1. Milling 2. Cooking 3. Fermentation
microorganism. □For 42-year-old Walter 4. Distillation 5. Dehydration 6. Denaturing
Lopez from Malabon, he never leaves the These steps transform corn into ethanol,
house without this "life-saving fluid" in his which is primarily used as a renewable fuel
stuff and has become a part of his grocery additive or industrial solvent.
list. □24-year-old Mikee Soliven, of
Barangay Niugan, Malabon, also shares ZAIRE: 3. *Everyday Products* -
Lopez's views on isopropyl alcohol, adding *Personal Care:* Point out that alcohols
that she is using it as a means of preventing are found in many personal care products
Covid-19 infection in her family □Meanwhile, like perfumes, lotions, and deodorants. -
42-year-old Katherine Nepomuceno, also of Example: "The next time you use a cologne
Barangay Niugan, said she feels very or perfume, thank the alcohol that helps
vulnerable going outside without any dissolve the fragrant oils." - *Cleaning
mini-bottles of isopropyl alcohol in her bag Agents:* Explain that household cleaners
or pocket. - often contain alcohols for their effective
disinfecting properties. - Example:
"Alcohol-based cleaners are essential for
maintaining a clean and germ-free
environment at home."

ZHAS: 5. *Cultural and Recreational

Importance* - *Alcoholic Beverages:*
Discuss the cultural significance of ethanol
in beverages like wine, beer, and spirits,
which are enjoyed worldwide. - Example:
"From social gatherings to religious
ceremonies, alcohol has been a part of
human culture for thousands of years."

KASS: *Conclusion* - From saving lives in

hospitals to powering our cars, and from
cleaning our homes to enriching our
cultures, alcohol is truly indispensable.
Given its vast range of applications and
undeniable impact on our daily lives, the
alcohol functional group stands out as the
most important in chemistry