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    Oral Comm Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    Cass Deliquina
    kokolpl

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Oral Comm Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    Cass Deliquina
    5 views2 pages
    kokolpl

    Original Title

    oral comm reviewer

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    kokolpl

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    5 views2 pages

    Oral Comm Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    Cass Deliquina
    kokolpl

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Oral Communication

    Three Types of Speech Act


     According to J.L. Austin (1962), a philosopher of language and the developer of the Speech Act
    Theory, there are three types of acts in every utterance, given the right circumstances or context.
    These are:
    1.) Locutionary act - is the actual act of uttering.
     “Please do the dishes”
    2.) Illocutionary act - is the social function of what is said.
     By uttering the locution “Please do the dishes,” the speaker requests the addressee to wash the
    dishes.
    3.) Perlocutionary act - is the resulting act of what is said. This effect is based on the particular context in
    which the speech act was mentioned.
     "Please do the dishes" would lead to the addressee washing the dishes.

    Searle's Classifications of Speech Act


    As a response to Austin's Speech Act Theory, John Searle (1976), a professor from the University of
    California, Berkeley, classified illocutionary acts into five distinct categories.
    1. Assertive - a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses belief about the truth of a proposition.
    Some examples of an assertive act are suggesting, putting forward, swearing, boasting, and concluding.
    Example: No one makes better pancakes than i do
    2. Directive - a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker tries to make the addressee perform an action.
    Some examples of a directive act are asking, ordering, requesting, inviting, advising, and begging.
    Example: Please close the door
    3. Commissive - a type of illocutionary act which commits the speaker to doing something in the future.
    Examples of a commissive act are promising, planning, vowing, and betting.
    Example: From now on, I will participate in our group activity.
    4. Expressive - a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses his/her feelings or emotional
    reactions. Some examples of an expressive act are thanking, apologizing, welcoming, and deploring.
    Example: I am so sorry for not helping out in our group projects and letting you do all the work.
    5. Declaration - a type of illocutionary act which brings a change in the external situation. Simply put,
    declarations bring into existence or cause the state of affairs which they refer to. Some examples of
    declarations are blessing, firing, baptizing, bidding, passing a sentence, and excommunicating.
    Example: You are fired!
    By saying that someone is fired, an employer causes or brings about the person's unemployment, thus
    changing his external situation.

    Types of Speech according to Purpose


    1.) An informative speech provides the audience with a clear understanding of a concept or idea. The
    lectures of your teachers are the best examples of this type.
    2.) An entertainment speech amuses the audience. The humorous speeches of comedians and performers
    are the best examples of this type.
    3.) A persuasive speech seeks to provide the audience with favorable or acceptable ideas that can
    influence their own ideas and decisions. The campaign speeches of the running candidates for
    government posts are the best examples of this type.

    Types of Speech according to Delivery


    1.) Impromptu – speaking without advanced preparation and can be an unrehearsed speech.
    2.) Extemporaneous – speaking with limited preparation and can be guided by notes or an outline.
    3.) Manuscript – speaking with advanced preparation. It is when you read aloud a written
    message/speech that you have planned and rehearsed.
    4.) Memorized – it is also speaking with advanced preparation but you are reciting a written message
    word-for-word from your memory.

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