SECTION A

1. The table below contains some mean bond enthalpy data.

Bond HH CC C=C NN NH

–1 436 348 612 944 388
Mean bond enthalpy / kJ mol

(a) Explain the term mean bond enthalpy.

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(2)

(b) (i) Write an equation for the formation of one mole of ammonia, NH3, from its
elements.

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(ii) Use data from the table above to calculate a value for the enthalpy of formation of
ammonia.

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(4)

(c) Use the following equation and data from the table above to calculate a value for the
C–H bond enthalpy in ethane.

H H H H
C C + H H H C C H H = – 1 3 6 k J m o l – 1
H H H H

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(3)
(Total 9 marks)
2. (a) The table below contains some mean bond enthalpy data.

Bond H–O O–O O=O

–1 463 146 496
Mean bond enthalpy/kJ mol

The bonding in hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, can be represented by H–O–O–H. Use these
data to calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction.

1
H2O2(g)  H2O(g) + 2 O2(g)

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(3)

–1
(b) The standard enthalpy of formation, Hf for methane, is –74.9 kJ mol . Write an
equation, including state symbols, for the reaction to which this enthalpy change applies.

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(2)

(c) The enthalpy changes for the formation of atomic hydrogen and atomic carbon from
their respective elements in their standard states are as follows.

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2 H2(g)  H(g) H = +218 kJ mol–1

C(s)  C(g) H = +715 kJ mol–1

(i) By reference to its structure, suggest why a large amount of heat energy is
required to produce free carbon atoms from solid carbon.

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 (ii) Parts (b) and (c) give enthalpy data for the formation of CH4(g), H(g) and C(g).

Use these data and Hess’s Law to calculate the value of the enthalpy change for
the following reaction.

CH4(g)  C(g) + 4H(g)

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(iii) Use your answer from part (c)(ii) to calculate a value for the mean bond enthalpy
of a C–H bond in methane.

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(5)
(Total 10 marks)

3. (a) Define the term standard enthalpy of combustion.

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(2)

(b) (i) Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethane, C2H6.

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 (ii) Use the standard enthalpies of formation given below to calculate the standard
enthalpy of combustion of ethane.

Formula and state of compound C2H6(g) CO2(g) H2O(l)

–1 –85 –394 –286

Standard enthalpy of formation (at 298 K) /kJ mol

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(4)
(Total 6 marks)

4. (a) Use the data in the table to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of liquid
methylbenzene, C7H8

Substance C(s) H2(g) C7H8(l)

ο –1 –394 –286 –3909
Standard enthalpy of combustion, ∆Hc /kJ mol

7C(s) + 4H2(g) → C7H8(l)

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(3)

(b) An experiment was carried out to determine a value for the enthalpy of combustion of
liquid methylbenzene using the apparatus shown in the diagram.

co n tain er

w ater (2 5 0 g )

m eth y lb en zen e

Burning 2.5 g of methylbenzene caused the temperature of 250 g of water to rise by

60°C. Use this information to calculate a value for the enthalpy of combustion of
methylbenzene, C7H8
–1 –1
(The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J K g . Ignore the heat capacity of the
container.)
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(3)

(c) Calculate a value for the standard enthalpy of formation for liquid ethanethiol,C 2H5SH.
Use the equation given below and enthalpy of combustion data from the following table.

Substance C2H5SH(l) C(s) H2(g) S(s)

–1 –1170 –394 –286 –297
Hc / kJ mol

2C(s) + 3H2(g) + S(s)  C2H5SH(l)

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(4)
(Total 10 marks)
 SECTION B

5. (a) Define the term standard enthalpy of formation.

(3)

(b) State Hess’s Law and use it, together with the data given in the table below, to calculate
the standard enthalpy change for the following reaction.

MgO(s) + 2HCl(g)  MgCl2(s) + H2O(l)

MgO HCl(g) MgCl2 H2O

–1 –602 –92 –642 –286
Hf /kJ mol
(4)

3
(c) In an experiment, an excess of solid magnesium oxide was added to 50 cm of
–3
3.0 mol dm hydrochloric acid. The initial temperature of the solution was 21 °C. After
reaction, the temperature had risen to 53 °C. (The specific heat capacity of water is
–1 –1
4.2 J K g )

Use this information to calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction of one mole of
magnesium oxide with hydrochloric acid. For your calculation you should assume that
all the heat from the reaction is used to raise the temperature of 50 g of water.
(8)
(Total 15 marks)

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