Lab 3

Experiment: OHM’S LAW AND RESISTANCE
Nastya Rudenko
9/27/23
Lab Objective:
Measure current-voltage characteristics of the conductors provided and plot the corresponding
graphs. Calculate the resistances of the conductors provided and, where possible, compare them with
the rated values.
Physical Principles:
This directional motion of electric charges is called electric current. Voltage V, is measured in
volts, V. Electric current I is defined as the amount of charge transferred through conductor in one
voltage. This linear relation between V and I is known as Ohms’ Law): 𝐼=𝑆𝑉. The unit of resistance is
second. Electric current is measured in amperes, A. Electric current is proportional to the applied
ohm, Ω. Now Ohm's law can be re-written in terms of resistance: 𝐼=𝑉𝑅 or 𝑉=𝑅𝐼
Current flow itself can increase temperature considerably: the greater the current in a
conductor the higher its temperature. The actual dependence of resistance on temperature is a
characteristic of the conducting material; it is measured by the so-called temperature coefficient of
resistivity α. This coefficient may be positive or negative and therefore the resistance of some
with temperature is given by the following formula 𝑅(𝑇)=𝑅𝑜[1+𝛼(𝑇−𝑇𝑜)]. Where R(T) is the
conductors increases with temperature, whereas it decreases for the others. The change of resistance
resistance at temperature T; To is room temperature and Ro is the resistance at room temperature.
Equipment and Procedure

 Variable DC power supply
 Ammeter (Digital Multimeter set to “mA” DC)
 Voltmeter (Digital Multimeter set to “V” DC)
 Tubular power rated resistor (100Ω)
 Tungsten filament lamp (60W)
 Carbon filament lamp (32cp)
 Lamp socket
 Connecting wires
 Knife switch
Data Analysis:
See attached file for the data
Discussion
In this experiment, we used a tubular resistor and two lamp bulbs to perform tests. Only the
tubular resistor had a consistent reading, and this was expected because the tubular resistor is
considered a “ohmic conductor” and the two lamp bulbs are considered “non-ohmic conductors”. The
graphs represent this by showing that the tubular resistor maintained a consistent slope throughout the
experiment. As to where the other two had varying results based off how much voltage was applied. I
believe that the varying results for the two bulbs is due to the increase in temperature which had an
impact on the resistance. The tubular resistor did have a temperature increase as the voltage was
increasing, but it still didn’t show any significant change outside of very low decimal changes in
resistance measured. This directly confirmed that tubular resistor was a ohmic conductor and the and
two lamps are non-ohmic conductors
Conclusion
In conclusion, I found
that our experiment
results from the
voltmeter / ammeter
method
was a success. We were
able to prove that the
tubular resistor was a
ohmic conductor and that
the
two lamps were non
ohmic conductors
In conclusion, I found that our experiment results from the voltmeter / ammeter method was a success.
We were able to prove that the tubular resistor was a ohmic conductor and that thetwo lamps were non
ohmic conductors
Questions
1. Of the three conductors, you used in this experiment (tubular resistor and two lamps) and
based on your data analysis which are ohmic and which are not? Explain.
The tubular resistor is an ohmic conductor due to it maintaining a consistent resistance as the voltage
increased. The two lamps are not ohmic conductors due to both having varying results of resistance as
the voltage changed throughout the experiment.
2. What is your explanation for the fact that the current induced in the lamps does not follow
Ohm’s Law?
It does not follow the Ohm’s law because the increase in the temperature inside the lamp makes the
change in resistance accelerating and not consistent.
3. What do the plots tell you about the temperature coefficient of resistivity of each lamp used
in this experiment?
In the tubular resistor there is no coefficient. In tungsten lamp the coefficient is positive and in carbon
lamp coefficient is negative.
4. Use Eq. 4 to estimate the maximum temperature the filaments in the lamps reach during the
experiment. The room temperature will be provided by the instructor or technician.
To = 21.2C
R(tungsten) = 9.2
R(carbon) = 266
Tungsten Lamp α = +4.5×10-3 °C-1
Carbon (graphite) α = -5×10-4 °C-1
R(T) = Ro [1 + a( T - To)]
Carbon lamp
265.63 = (266)(1-5*10^-4)(T-21.2)
T= 22.2 C (carbon lamp)

Tungsten lamp
122.90 = (9.2)(1 + 4.5*10^-3)(T – 21.2)
T = 34.5 C (Tungsten lamp)
5. Predict the current, which would be induced in the conductors if a voltage of 40 V could be
applied.
I=V/R
Tubular resistor I=40/90.6 I=.4415

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Experiment: OHM’S LAW AND RESISTANCE

resistance at temperature T; To is room temperature and Ro is the resistance at room temperature.

Equipment and Procedure

Tungsten Lamp α = +4.5×10-3 °C-1

Carbon (graphite) α = -5×10-4 °C-1

T= 22.2 C (carbon lamp)

122.90 = (9.2)(1 + 4.5*10^-3)(T – 21.2)

T = 34.5 C (Tungsten lamp)

Tubular resistor I=40/90.6 I=.4415

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