NAME: ___________________________________________________SECTION: _______________________________________

DATE: ___________________________ SCORE: _________________PARENT’S SIGNATURE: __________________________

HOW TO USE A MICROSCOPE (REFERENCE: SCIENCE BOOK PP.68-69)

A. Do’s and Don’ts of Microscopy
Directions: Write DO if the statement suggests the proper way to manipulate the microscope.
Write DON’T if not. Write answers in your notebook.
REFERENCE: https://youtu.be/vn2JnBfkwqs
_____1. When transporting the microscope hold the arm with one hand and support the base
DO
with the other hand.
_____2.
DO Before focusing, check for the availability of light, adjust the mirror and the diaphragm.
_____3. Use the coarse adjustment knob in lowering the body tube.
DONT
_____4. Use the fine adjustment knob when the high-power objective is in focus.
DO
_____5. Always look at the side when lowering the objectives.
DO
_____6.
DO Look at the ocular with both eyes open.
_____7.
DONT Let the objective lens touch the slide.
_____8.
DONT Do not cover the microscope when not in use. Do not store microscope bags because
it will be difficult to get it to be used next time.
_____9.
DONT Touch the lenses of the microscope with your fingers.
_____10. Do not place the microscope anywhere.
DONT
B. Compute the Magnification
A. Table completion. Solve the magnification and identify the objectives used.

40x Scanning Objective

50x Low Power Objective

600x High Power Objective

500x Oil Immersion Objective

40x Scanning Objective

KWL Chart:
Using the graphic organizer, the students will recall their prior knowledge about the given
terms. The learners will only answer K and W at this point.

Function and parts none

none
N/A

multiply none
VIRTUAL MICROSCOPE:
REFERENCE: https://www.ncbionetwork.org/iet/microscope/
After visiting the website, snip a specimen you viewed or draw it on the activity sheet below. The different specimens you
can choose from are Sample Slides: Plant Slides, Animal Slides, Bacteria Slides, and Human.

Bacterial Cell
Plant Cell

Animal Cell Human Cell

Using the graphic organizer, reflect on your learning by creating a one-minute paper by answering the
questions.

POST TEST

1 Cell Wall (outer rigid boundary)

2 Nucleus (central circular structure)
3 Cytoplasm (gel-like substance inside the cell
MYSTERY OBJECT:

What is it: The students are presented with photographs of different miniature living organisms (tardigrades in
the aquatic environment, rotifers in freshwater habitat, neurons in the nervous system, molds found in bread,
blood vessels of the circulatory system, pollen grains in flowering plants, salmonella bacteria that causes
diarrhea, cervix cells in the female reproductive system) and identify the mystery object that links all the given
examples.

All images are of microscopic organisms or cells that are essential to different
biological systems and processes.

The mystery object used to observe these organisms and cells is a microscope,
as it is essential for viewing microscopic life forms and structures.

Scientists, biologists, and medical professionals commonly use microscopes to

study these types of cells and organisms.

The mystery object is a microscope

TABLE COMPLETION:
Complete table by providing the description of the given terms.
TERM DESCRIPTION
Enlarging an object's appearance.
Magnification
Distinguishing two close points separately.
Resolution
Light source for viewing the specimen.
Illumination

Stage Platform for the specimen slide.

Objective Lens The lens closest to the specimen for magnification.

Eyepiece (ocular) Lens you look through at the top of the microscope.

Tiny organisms, such as bacteria or fungi.

Microorganisms

Protist A diverse group of single-celled organisms like amoeba and algae.

Prokaryote Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, such as bacteria.

Archaea A group of single-celled organisms, similar to bacteria, often found in extreme environments.

Nucleoid The region in prokaryotic cells where the DNA is located, not bound by a membrane.

Cells that have a true nucleus and organelles, such as plant and animal cells.
Eukaryote

Organelle Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions (e.g., mitochondria, chloroplasts).

Study the pictures given. In their respective boxes, describe why are the organisms classified as unicellular or
multicellular or why are cells organized as eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic Cell (Multicellular or Unicellular,
Octopus (Multicellular,
Eukaryotic)
Eukaryotic)
Multicellular or Unicellular: Eukaryotic cells
Multicellular: The octopus is
can either be part of multicellular
made up of many cells that
organisms (like humans and plants) or be
form tissues and organs.
single-celled organisms (like amoeba).
Eukaryotic: Octopuses have
Eukaryotic: These cells have a defined
complex cells with a nucleus
nucleus and organelles.
and organelles.

Prokaryotic Cell (Unicellular,

Amoeba (Unicellular, Prokaryotic)
Eukaryotic)
Unicellular: Prokaryotic cells, like
Unicellular: The amoeba is bacteria, are usually single-celled
a single-celled organism. organisms.
Eukaryotic: Amoebas have Prokaryotic: These cells lack a
a defined nucleus and other defined nucleus and membrane-
membrane-bound bound organelles.
organelles.
Unicellular and Multicellular T-Chart:
The students will create a T-Chart about unicellular and multicellular organisms. Organize your information using
the headings below.
REFERENCE: SCIENCE BOOK PP. 71-76

UNICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR

UNICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR
Made up of a single cellMade up of multiple cells Made up of multiple cells
Cell performs all functions Specialized cells for different functions
Usually microscopic Can be larger and visible
Simple organisms (bacteria, protists) Complex organisms (plants, animals)Examples: Humans, Trees
Examples: Amoeba, Bacteria

PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC

PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC
No defined nucleus Defined nucleus with DNA
Simple cell structure Complex cell structure with
organelles
Lacks membrane-bound
organelles Has membrane-bound organelles
Examples: Bacteria, Archaea Examples: Humans, Plants, Fungi

POST TEST
CHARACTERISTICS UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
One cell Many cells
Number of cells
No differentiation;all functions in one Specialized cells
Differentiation cell (muscle, nerve, etc.)

Typically microscopic Larger and often

Size
visible
Bacteria, Amoeba, Humans, Plants,
Examples Paramecium Animals

Learners’ Takeaways KWL Chart: Using the graphic organizer, the students will answer the L column or what they
have learned about the given terms.

1. Microscope
Purpose: Magnifies small objects.
Key Parts: Eyepiece, objective lenses, stage, light source.
Use: Handle carefully, adjust light and focus.
2. Cell Parts
Basic Units: Cells contain organelles.
Key Organelles:
Nucleus: Controls activities.
Mitochondria: Energy production.
Ribosomes: Protein synthesis.
3. Unicellular vs. Multicellular Organisms
Unicellular: Single-celled (e.g., bacteria, amoeba).
Multicellular: Many specialized cells (e.g., humans, plants).
PRE-TEST
1. It is the part of an animal cell which plays a role during cell division.
a. Cytoplasm b. centrioles c. nucleus d. chloroplast
2. If the chloroplast of the plant is damaged, which will be unable to do?
a. Protect the cell c. excretes waste materials
b. Make food d. give instructions for cell to reproduce
3. What part of the plant cell store water?
a. Cell membrane b. nucleus c. chloroplast d. vacuole
4. It has attached ribosome that manufactures protein.
a. Smooth ER b. Rough ER c. Vacuoles d. Lysosome
5. It is the control center of the cell.
a. Nucleus b. Mitochondria c. Ribosome d. Vacuoles

PARTS OF THE CELL (REFERENCE: SCIENCE BOOK 77-83)

DIRECTION: Enumerate the following parts of plant and animal cell.
PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
PLANT CELL: ANIMAL CELL:

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm
Smooth ER Cell Membrane
Nucleus Nucleus
Mitochondria Mitochondria
Chloroplast Ribosomes
Vacuoles Lysosomes
Ribosome Centrioles

CELL ORGANELLES
DIRECTION: Match the cell organelles to its correct function.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_________1.
B Nucleus A. A gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.
_________2.
G Endoplasmic reticulum B. The control center that contains genetic materials.
_________3.
H Golgi Bodies C. It supports and protects the cell; it also provides shape
_________4.
I Vacuole to the plant’s cells.
_________5.
A Cytoplasm D. The protein factory for cell’s consumption.
_________6.
J Centrioles E. It contains instructions for traits called the DNA.
_________7.
C Cell Wall F. It produces energy through chemical reaction hence
_________8.
D Ribosomes the nickname powerhouse of the cell.
_________9.
E Chromosomes G. The transport system of the cell.
_________10.
F Mitochondria H. It packages material within the cell.
I. It stores water.
J. Forms spindle fibers during cell division.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL

(Use Venn Diagram showing the difference between plant cells and animal cell according to size, shape and
the absence and presence of their organelles)

SIMILARITIES
Cytoplasm (gel-like substance that holds A: Plant Cell
Animal Cell organelles)
Cell membrane (controls what enters and Larger in size
Smaller in size exits the cell) Rectangular or rigid shape
Nucleus (control center, contains DNA)
Irregular, rounder shape Mitochondria (powerhouse of the cell, Chloroplast (present for
Centrioles (present for cell division) produces energy) photosynthesis)
Lysosomes (more prominent in animal Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough and Smooth) Cell Wall (provides structure and
(transports proteins and lipids)
cells for waste breakdown) Golgi apparatus (packages and distributes
support)
Small vacuoles (many small vacuoles, not proteins) Large central vacuole (stores water
one large central vacuole) Ribosomes (protein synthesis) and maintains turgor pressure)
Lysosomes (present in both but more Plastids (store pigments and starches)
common in animal cells)

ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL