Big Data Solution for the Smart Grid

PQView For Smart Grid

The Industry Standard for Power Quality Database
Management and Analysis Software

www.electrotek.com
What is PQView? number of days. PQDM also automatically correlates
PQView is a multi-component software system measurements by time stamp and location, and can
developed by Electrotek Concepts® for building and be combined with add-in modules to provide auto-
analyzing databases of power quality and energy mea- matic fault location estimates, voltage sag direction,
surements. Its components build measurement data- or capacitor assessment.
bases, write summary reports, compute power quality
indices, view waveforms and rms samples, and trend PQView Data Sources
steady-state quantities via workstations and web PQDM automatically builds power quality databases
browsers. Power providers, industrial power consum- from data sources. It also automatically sends email
ers, consulting companies, and university researchers notifications using SMTP servers or Microsoft Out-
throughout the world widely recognize PQView for its look clients when data sources have finished import-
capabilities and flexibility. ing, rms voltage variations are imported from data
PQView builds databases with billions of measure- sources, or measurements are not collected from a
ments from thousands of monitoring points taken monitoring instrument for a specified period. PQDM
by many different types of meters, including power automatically correlates measurements by time
quality monitors, voltage recorders, in-plant monitors, stamp and location. It also deletes old measurements,
and digital fault recorders. It can store and analyze manually adds missed rms voltage, and performs EN
information with the measurements about cause and 50160 compliance calculations, automatic derivations,
source of triggered events, as well as evaluate the and automatic fault location. In addition, it can update
financial impact of events to both a power provider measurement databases automatically once per day,
and a power user. It can quickly extract meaningful manually, or as fast as once every minute. PQDM
information from a one megabyte or one terabyte integrates data from the following data store formats:
database. IEEE® Std 1159.3-2003 PQDIF Files
PQView combines powerful features in a user-friend- IEEE® Std C37.111-1991/1999 COMTRADE Files
ly interface. Measurements can be stored in either Mi- MODBUS® Devices (Optional)
crosoft® Access or Microsoft SQL Server. A complete Arbiter® Systems 1133A Power Sentinel (Optional)
PQView system consists of three main applications: Advantech® Corporation ADAM Analog and Digital
the Power Quality Data Manager, the Power Quality Modules (Optional)
• Cooper Power Systems CYME
Data Analyzer, and PQWeb®.
• Dranetz® Signature System® and Encore® Series
• Dranetz PASS® Database and PNDS Archive Files
PQView Power Quality Data Manager • Dranetz PES Database
The primary function of the PQView Power Quality • Dranetz Portable Monitors
Manager (PQDM) is to build power quality databases • Edison Electric Institute® Load File
• Electro Industries® Nexus Communicator Log Files
automatically from data sources. It also automatically • Fluke®/Reliable Power Meters (RPM) Omega and
sends e-mail notifications using SMTP servers when Scenario Databases
data sources have finished importing, rms voltage • GL Industrial Group/Stoner Software® (Optional)
• Gossen Metrawatt MAVOSYS 10
variations (voltage sags, swells, and interruptions) are
• GridSense PowerView CSV Files
imported from data sources, or measurements are not • GroundedPower Monitoring Data Files
collected from a monitoring instrument for a specified • HIOKI® Hi-View Pro Text File Export

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• Landis+Gyr® MAXsys 2510 Paradox Database and
Text Files
• OSIsoft® PI System (Optional)
PQView Power Quality Data Analyzer
• PQView® Databases and Text File Formats The PQView Power Quality Data Analyzer (PQDA)
• Qualitrol®/LEM Instruments (Optional) Qdevice creates trends, histograms, and statistical summary
Information System (QIS) Database tables of more than 125 steady-state characteristics
• SATEC PAS Site Database
• Schneider Electric® / Power Measurement® Pow- defined within the IEEE PQDIF standard. It offers
erLogic ION Enterprise® 4.x and 5.x databases, as scores of charts, event lists, tables, and indices to
well as PEGASYS 3.x databases (Optional) analyze voltage sags/dips, swells, and interruptions.
• Siemens® SICARO PQ Manager Text Files
PQDA interfaces with Microsoft® Word to automati-
• Siemens® WinPM.Net (Optional)
• SoftSwitching Technologies® I-Grid® Web Site cally create summary documents, and allows the user
• Unipower® (Optional) PQ Secure Database to filter invalid measurements from final analysis.
• BTECH Battery Validation Manager Database Trends and Histograms
• European Network of Transmission System
Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) PQDA allows you to create trends, histograms, and
Web Site for Hourly Load Data statistics for any steady-state voltage, current, power,
• North American ISO/RTO Historical Web Site Data and energy quantity (Figure 1 and Figure 2). You can
for Hourly Loads for ERCOT, ISO-NE, IESO,
also view trends and histograms for the minimum, av-
NYISO, and PJM
• NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center Web Site erage, maximum, standard deviation, count, and any
for Daily Geomegnetic Data percentile for steady-state data in intervals of min-
• General Electric® Communicator Device Log Files utes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years (Figure 3).
• SilverSpring Networks® Export Document Files
Custom data handlers to bring data from proprietary
systems into a PQView database are frequently devel-
oped to meet customer needs.
Typically, PQDM automatically updates measure-
ment databases once each day after all of the me-
ters have been polled by their proprietary download
software. However, it may be configured to update
manually, or as fast as once every minute. Other
functions provided by PQDM include deleting old
measurements, manually adding missed rms voltage
variations, and creating voltage sag and voltage swell
Figure 1: One month trend of minimum, average and
records from voltage minimum/maximum strip chart maximum.
data. PQDM can be combined with add-in modules
to provide automatic fault waveform identification
and fault location, voltage sag direction, and capacitor
analysis.

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Figure 2: Histogram of voltage THD for three phases Figure 3: 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile of daily voltage
The data for trend and histogram charts can be filtered to THD from nearly 25000 samples recorded over a four-year
not include invalid measurements. period

Event Lists
All trends are interactive so you can zoom in with your PQDA can quickly build event lists (Figure 4) from
mouse cursor to an area of interest. Also, each trend the millions of events recorded in a measurement da-
can become an event timeline by plotting any associ- tabase. PQView “measurement events” consist of the
ated waveform or rms variation measurements as waveform and rms samples recorded during voltage
tick marks along the x-axis. When you click on a tick sags and swells due to faults and motor starting, and
mark, the waveforms and rms samples recorded with voltage transients due to fuse operations, lightning
the event will open in a new window. This feature is strikes, load switching, and capacitor and cable en-
especially useful when evaluating faults and switching ergizing. The event lists can be built based on simple
transients. queries that only select certain meters for a specific
Each trend and histogram can be copied automati- date range. Or, they can be more sophisticated. For
cally into Microsoft Word documents or Microsoft example, you could request a list of all events in which
Excel spreadsheets or sent to a printer. For example, the rms voltage dropped below 0.7 per unit. Even
you could create a report showing the trend and/or more sophisticated queries can be run allowing you
histogram of rms voltage or voltage THD for all phases to search for single-phase sags, three-phase sags,
for every meter in your database for a year by specify- single-phase faults, and three-phase faults. PQView
ing only the file name of a Microsoft Word document. provides methods for viewing waveform samples for
Each chart is automatically created and exported to events (Figure 5) or recorded rms samples (Figure 6).
the specified file.

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 PQDA provides numerous methods for deriving
quantities from event waveform samples and/or rms
samples:
• Reactance-to-Fault
• Radial Fault Location
• Spectrum Charts for 1, 10, 12 and N-Cycle Win-
dows
• Phasors and Harmonic Phasors
• High-Pass Filter and Low-Pass Filter
• First Derivative and Squared Value·Time
• Mean Values and RMS Values
Figure 4: Event lists of voltage sags, swells and inter- • Load Resistance, Load Reactance, Load Imped-
ruptions can sorted by time and location. ance, and Load Impedance Angle
• Real Power, Reactive Power, Apparent Power, and
Energy
• Delta Real Power, Reactive Power, Apparent
Power, and Energy
• Characteristic Voltage
• Waveform Transformation
• Missing Voltage and Delta Current from First Cycle
or from Ideal Waveform
• Symmetrical Components
• Delta Symmetrical Components
• Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Output
• Line Frequency during Event
• Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
• DC Component, Fundamental Component, and
Harmonic Trends during Event
• Links to Map Viewer and Trend Viewer
Figure 5: Three-phase voltage and current waveform • IEEE P1159.2 RMS Characteristics
Samples during a three-phase fault. • IEEE P1159.2 Point-in Wave Characteristics
• IEEE P1159.2 Missing Voltage Characteristics
• Dranetz Event Characteristics
• Digital Status Changes
• Operations Summary

RMS Voltage Variation AnalysisA key strength of

PQDA lies in its analytical capabilities of rms voltage
variations (voltage sags, swells, and interruptions). In
addition to being able to build lists of events showing
the voltage magnitude and duration of each event,
you can build ITIC Charts, CBMA Charts, and SEMI F47
Charts. Custom charts that overlay multiple curves
(Figure 7) can be built as well. The measurements from
Figure 6: Three-Phase Voltage and Current RMS each meter can be plotted optionally in a different col-
Samples during a Three-Phase Fault. or (Figure 8). If you identify the cause code or source
code of each event by adding additional information

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to your database, then the plots can use a different and duration, but also any other events that occurred
color for these supplemental codes as well. around the same time at that location.

Figure 7: An rms variation magnitude-duration scat- Figure 9: A voltage sag scatter plot of rms voltage
ter plot overlaid with the sensitivity curves specified by magnitude on a 0ne-month time line.
CBEMA in 1987 and by ITIC in 1997
In Figure 10, PQDA temporally aggregated voltage
sag measurements by determining the lowest volt-
age during a 60-second period of time at each meter.
Rates of occurrence were calculated by determining
the number of days each meter was available during
the 31-day analysis period. If a meter had unavailable
days, then PQView took them into account when
computing the occurrence rates. A chart showing a
magnitude-duration distribution (Figure 11) and a dis-
tribution of SARFI-80 rates recorded at 241 sites (Fig-
ure 12). The height of each column in the SARFI- 80
Figure 8: Voltage sag magnitude versus duration scat- chart is a count of sites that had a similar rate of volt-
ter plot with ITIC Curves. age sags to below 0.80 per unit. For example, 44 sites
had no events resulting in a drop in rms voltage to a
Another scatter plot will plot the voltage magnitude
level below 0.8 per unit, while 27 sites experienced an
of each voltage sag, swell, or interruption versus time
event below 0.8 per unit three times during themonth.
(Figure 9). When plotting any of these magnitude-
Only one site experienced 20 events resulting in a volt-
duration or magnitude-time scatter plots, you may
age sag below 0.8per unit during the 31-day period.
click on the point representing each event to see the
You can automatically create summary reports using
waveforms and rms samples associated with that
Microsoft Word. You need only to specify the sites for
event. Because PQDA’s rms variation analysis al-
the report, specify the desired date range, and which
gorithm involves temporal aggregation of multiple
options you want for the report. The rms variation
events occurring in close in time, you see not only the
report writer can include monitoring site lists; event
event that resulted in a particular voltage magnitude
lists; SARFI summaries that compute the count or rate

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of voltage sags; IEC 61000-2-8 DISDIP tables; CBEMA,
ITIC, SEMI F47, and timeline scatter plots; and magni-
tude, duration, magnitude-duration column charts.

Figure 12: PQWeb provides Read-Only Access to

Figure 10: Statistical histogram showing the voltage PQView Databases via a web browser.
magnitude distribution for voltage sags measured at 241
power quality meters. Fault Location
PQView features an optional Reactance-to-Fault
Add-in Module that can be used to estimate the
distance from a substation monitor to a single-phase
or multi-phase fault. When combined with electrical
circuit model data from circuits modeling databases,
PQView applications can provide maps pinpointing
the location of a fault using both desktop and web
applications. In Figure 12, the distance between the
fault location estimated by PQView and the actual
fault was 200 meters.

Figure 11: Column chart showing the voltage mag-

nitude and duration for voltage sags measured at 241
power quality meters.

Internet Accessibility via PQWeb

PQView can provide data and reports via the Inter-
net or company intranet. Through PQWeb® a server
runs PQView data analysis tasks and allows you to
access and view the results using any web browser
(Figure 12). With this software, PQView becomes a
Figure 13: One-line diagram with aerial map of esti-
multiplatform application, able to work across other-
mated and actual location.
wise incompatible operating systems.

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Support
Support for PQView is provided through the PQView Users Group, which is operated and maintained by
Electrotek Concepts. Members receive upgrades, technical support, and enjoy access to online resources.
Additional support, such as specialty instrument interfaces or report customization, is provided on a time
and materials basis.

Electrotek Concepts, Inc.

1000 New Durham Road, Edison, New Jersey 08817 USA
Telephone: +1-732-248-4281 · Fax: +1-732-248-1834
E-Mail: pqview@electrotek.com
www.pqview.com

Phone: +1-732-248-4281 www.electrotek.com