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JuDbal of Artva e nd Sholaly Reseahes ) Allied EduCaliun

Vo li I s N. 1, J.w 2019, ISSN2230.7540

Density Functional Theory (DFT) of Quantum


Freezing
Amit Yadav Vandana Yada
Asustant Prolessor, Department of Physcs, Rao Jaram Degree College,
Mahendergarh, Haryana
Assustant Prolessor. Department of Phycs. Rao Jaram Degree Coege,
Mahendergarth, Haryans
Abatract - hie papr dawe weh he denty unctonal theory (DFT) of quentm eering. The
'quntum retog' n to he g hoMceton ofe quentum-mchantca sytm. Here, wetM
Interosted ln tho heony of rang of a quentum mayectron systm. From a hstorical porspect,
Wigner (2) predlcted theorethcally long de beck kn the yoa 1Mthat eoN, a system of interscting
lectrons mbdded In n lmonetve chao nutrro poNtw cheme backoround should cry Wke
at suttclenthy ow ectron numnbw detes. The anuMt ovn tht wth decrng electon
density the ectron-ectron interctlon eftects grow ovr the clectron kinetkcs and at aeuttekylow
density, th tectrons in an attempt to lower thir tocal energy try to avold sach othr by treezing Into an
Hectrone'crsek now known as the Wgnw cos WC

Howeve, ut late evenus epredcton ol he WC wth a hne contol on the weN eectron number
did no attact much atention due muny to t denuty. In a 2D ecuon syem, he electrons we
pracica ptoblen of attNng the low decton teo to move whn a pla, whuke thek motUon
numbr denes (6quWed for crysokzaon. Fo prpendcular to the plane n stcied quantum
instance. in meras the elecron number densbs be mechancaly. The moss mporant advantage of a
In the ange 2D elecson system that the ueal lecon numbe
densty parameter dehned as density can be vanod by orders of magntude and
aso. thee es a dhoice with the eectrone' eectve
mass nd hence. the electron kinetc elects
r, = Moreove, one may turther modtylsuppress he
octron' unebc onergy by opplying 0 stong
rensver magnec held Low carler dengty
with n bng the lecvon umber densty nd he coupled wh h tasme monetc dd have
Boh alomic radus Phycaly, eprens been oxplored lo detect he Wigner crystwizalon in
Fadius oB spherical reg0n 0ccupd on an v ndecton bi-lay (he system ol wO paralkel and
by one elecron. Thus. so a meaure of the coupled 2D layers) nd ts subilzation in the
mean nter-elec¯on epwUon. Whu WIoner had prenca ol an exenal magnec old was reporded
predicted thal the crystahzaon woud occur a much for the tme by Manohan d (4) Since lhen
hugher I, Nowthstandng hts, the compu Uhete hve bn many expments to hnd evdence
smuaton expenments pertormed byy Ceperiey nd o Wgn cytazation whout external magnellc
Alder (2) esublshed beyond doubl thet the lecrons hetd, but h uon s not th clew a evena
wny n mount ol dsorder may pln 5) the
would cmullze at ,a100120. Sdewse. aaempts
continued lo the enpetmenal ealzon o he Wigner cryal ae s nol absoluiety cea
WIgner cryual on one hand, end the development of whehe he craton s onoder induced o
theory of crystaizson on Uhe othes hnd The through he electon-dectron nteracæons. Recenty,
theoretkcai sudies eucidated th¡t th scton Yoon hv recorded a covncng evdence
correlations e st the hear of Wigner crytalaIon o the 2D Woner crysul in a highly pure 20 hole
pYase trangaion syslem a ,35.1l10.9 nd nerestngty, the cribca!
s tor cryakzon has ben lound obe very eeeN.gnted.
As notable deveopmen 0wc chevno low close lo th predcted (,=3715) by Tana and
election denses ue. high ") dvnces n he Copertey [ by sng the queum Monte Cario
mera gowh echnology made poasble o (QMC) multon.
(abracate a wo-enssorna (20) ctron sysem (3)
a the wtertace ot semconducsar hro-structwes On he theony Hoe. he DFT Ns bon lound to
provide a osonably, accUrate descnpuon ol the
knit Yatlay Vandarva Yadav alt 2604

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