Text Summarization

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Text Summarizing Using NLP

Abstract. In this era everything is digitalized we can find a large amount of digital
data for different purposes on the internet and relatively it's very hard to summarize
this data manually. Automatic Text Summarization (ATS) is the subsequent big one
that could simply summarize the source data and give us a short version that could
preserve the content and the overall meaning. While the concept of ATS is started
long back in 1950's, this field is still struggling to give the best and efficient
summaries. ATS proceeds towards 2 methods, Extractive and Abstractive
Summarization. The Extractive and Abstractive methods had a process to improve
text summarization technique. Text Summarization is implemented with NLP due to
packages and methods in Python. Different approaches are present for summarizing
the text and having few algorithms with which we can implement it. Text Rank is
what to extractive text summarization and it is an unsupervised learning. Text Rank
algorithm also uses undirected graphs, weighted graphs. keyword extraction,
sentence extraction. So, in this paper, a model is made to get better result in text
summarization with Genism library in NLP. This method improves the overall
meaning of the phrase and the person reading it can understand in a better way.

Keywords. Text Rank, Text summarization, NLP, Extractive, Abstractive.

1. Introduction

The whole idea of automatic text summarization is to collect the necessary and crisp
points from a large amount of data. There is a lot of information that is available on the
internet and it also keeps growing every day and having to collect the main data from it
becomes hard since it takes a lot of time. The use of automatic text summarization makes
it easier for the users to collect the important data from huge information. Some of the
graph base ranking algorithms are Text Rank, Hyperlinked Induced Topic Search,
Positional Power Function and so on. In this paper we are going to implement Text Rank
algorithm. Noting down the important points manually from large amount of data can be
a very stressful job. So, automatic text summarization takes out the crucial words and
sends them back in a way that the readers find it easy. This, automatic text summarization
is a small piece of NLP which cut downs the information and sends to the readers. It also
arranges the information and sends back the sentences that are useful to create a crisp
summary.

The words that occur the most no of times are considered the most worth. The top most
words are also arranged and then a summary is created. The Extractive methodology
chooses the principal significant lines from the information text and utilizes them to think
of the outline. The abstractive methodology addresses the information text in a type then
generates the outline with the desired output of words and sentences that disagree from
the first text sentences. Extractive systems extract vital text units (such as sentences,
paragraphs etc.) within the input document. The theoretic approach is practically
identical to the way that human summarizers 1st perceives the most ideas of a document,
so generate new sentences that aren't seen within the original document. The general
design of an associate ATS system has the subsequent tasks: Pre-processing, Processing,
Post-Processing. Text summarization is in this field as a conclusion that monitors are
needed to grasp what humans have composed and generated human-readable outputs.
human language technology also can be viewed as a study of computer science (AI).
Therefore, several existing AI algorithms and strategies, as well as neural network
models, are used for finding human language technology connected issues. With the
present analysis, researchers typically believe 2 kinds of approaches for text
summarization as shown in Figure 1 extractive summarization and abstractive
summarization.

Figure 1. Types of Summarizations

2.Problem Definition

In our busy schedule, it is very difficult for us to go through the entire article or document.
So, we prefer to read summary. In this paper we are going to summarize the large text in
to a short summary which reduces reading time for users.

3. Methodology

NLP is a part of Artificial Intelligence reasoning that manages analyzing,


understanding, finding and producing the dialects that people use in a characteristic
manner to make interface with PCs in both composed and spoken settings utilizing
common human dialects rather than codes.

3.1. TextRank Algorithm

Text rank algorithm is a diagram-based positioning model for text processing which can
be used in order to find the most applicable sentences in text and also to find keywords.
Text rank algorithm is similar to page rank algorithm. Page rank algorithm is used to mark
Webpages in web search conclusions and in web usage mining. In text rank algorithm, in
position of Webpages sentences are taken.
1. Identify content units that best characterize the current task, and
add them as vertices in the diagram.
2. Identify the relations that append the content units, and in the chart
utilizing these relations draw edges between vertices. Edges can be
un-weighted or weighted and undirected or coordinated.
3. And at that point loop the diagram-based positioning algorithm
until union.
4. Based on their last score mastermind the vertices. For positioning
and determination choices Use the qualities appended to every
vertex.
5. At last, the highest-level sentences will shape a synopsis.
4. Proposed System Results
As shown in Figure 2, Source document is the input text given. Preprocessing:
Tokenization is the technique used to split the text in to tokens (words or paragraphs or
sentences). Stop words is used to reduce the size of text, we have a dictionary in
preprocessing which is made up of stop words. It compares the words in given text and
then remove the matched words. Hence removal of stop words will increase the
performance. feature extraction: word frequency means most common word that occur

Figure 2. Flow Chart

in text are measure of information. It is determined as the quantity of occurrence of word


by complete number of words in the archive. Too long or too short sentences are
eliminated utilizing length of sentences. It is determined as number of words in the
sentence by number of words in longest sentence. Sentence scoring and ranking: it
calculates the score for each sentence and rank them. Sentence extraction: The main
target of this is to identify best in the text. The target of this is to rank complete sentences.
Main summary: place the sentences in order and generate the resultant summary.

4.1. TextRank Model

Graph based algorithms is the most required strategy of determining the powerful of a
vertex in the actual graph, elicited from over all information gathered from the entire
graph. The fundamental idea we have implemented here is voting and recommendation.
Based on the votes casted, the score is related with vertex. We implement “random surfer
model” as the probability that skip from one vertex to some other vertex. The score of a
graph, starting from arbitrary values and the computation iterates. The score of a vertex
is based on the importance of vertex and the last qualities are not affected by beginning
qualities. Figure 3, 4, 5, 6 shows the results for TextRank algorithm and for single
document we use textrank and for multi-document we use lexrank.

4.2. UnDirected graphs

Basically, we apply recursive graph-based ranking algorithm on directed graphs, as the


out-degree and in-degree is equal it is also enforced for un directed graph In convergence
curve as the connectivity of the graph increases then fewer iterations take place and the
convergence curve for in-directed or directed graph practically overlap.

4.3. Weighted graphs

As the main definition of PageRank for graph based learning algorithm is we have to
assume un weighted graph and as the graphs are constructed from nlp, textrank may
include multiple or partial link between units. Based on the weight of edge textrank
incorporate the power of connectivity which we can see in Figure 7.
w w WSV

When we compute the score related with the vertex in a graph then the latest anon takes
in to account edge weights. The final vertex ranking and scores differ as compared to
original measure and the number of iterations is nearly same for unweighted or weighted
graphs.

Figure 3. Text Paragraph

Figure 4. Summarizing Text Paragraph


Figure 5. Summarizing Text with word count = 50

Figure 6. Summarizing Text with ratio = 0.5

Figure 7. Convergence Curves for weighted graphs

In this, the module automatically summarizes the given input text and it finally it picks
up the important sentences. It can also extract keywords as shown in execution.
6. Conclusion

The paper demonstrates that we use advanced techniques to apply on the document for
text summarization using extractive summarization method called TextRank algorithm.
At first, we loaded necessary libraries and related function in python and then code was
implemented to summarize the text. Afterwards, a model is proposed with slight
expansions to improve by showing the outline text. The techniques that are presented in
this paper to get better result in text summarization with Genism library in NLP. With this
the overall meaning of the document can be understand easily.

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