Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

*7050183076*

CHEMISTRY (US) 0439/43

Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2018
 1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Center number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

IB18 06_0439_43/FP
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1 The following are the symbols and formulae of some elements and compounds.

Ar Ca(OH)2 Cl 2 CO2 Cu Fe SO2 V2O5

Answer the following questions using only the elements or compounds in the list.
Each element or compound may be used once, more than once or not at all.

State which element or compound is used:

(a) to kill bacteria in drinking water ............................................................................................ [1]

(b) as a food preservative .......................................................................................................... [1]

(c) as an electrical conductor in cables ...................................................................................... [1]

(d) as an inert atmosphere in lamps .......................................................................................... [1]

(e) to neutralize excess acidity in soil ........................................................................................ [1]

(f) as a catalyst in the Contact process. .................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

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2 (a) 
29
Al is a radioactive isotope of aluminum. The only non‑radioactive isotope of aluminum is 27Al.

(i) Describe, in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons, how the isotopes 29Al and 27Al are
similar and how they are different.

how they are similar .............................................................................................................

how they are different ..........................................................................................................

[2]

13Al
27
(ii) Complete the table to show the number of nucleons, neutrons and electrons in an 3+

ion.

13Al
number in 27 3+

nucleons

neutrons

electrons
[3]

(b) Aluminum is extracted from its ore by electrolysis.

(i) Name the main ore of aluminium.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Why is aluminum not extracted from its ore by reduction with carbon?

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) The main ore of aluminum contains aluminum oxide. Aluminum oxide is dissolved in
molten cryolite before it is electrolyzed.

Give two reasons, other than cost, why cryolite is used.

1 ...........................................................................................................................................

2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(iv) The reaction at the anode during the extraction of aluminum by electrolysis is shown.

2O2– O2 + 4e–

Is this process oxidation or reduction?

Give a reason for your answer.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(v) During the extraction of aluminum by electrolysis, carbon dioxide is formed at the anode.

Explain how carbon dioxide is formed at the anode.

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(c) When a piece of zinc metal is added to copper(II) sulfate solution there is an immediate
reaction.

Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu

When a piece of aluminum metal is added to copper(II) sulfate solution the initial reaction is
very slow.

(i) Explain why zinc metal reacts with copper(II) sulfate.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) What type of reaction is this?

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Explain why the initial reaction between aluminum metal and copper(II) sulfate is very
slow.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 15]

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3 Cobalt is a transition element. Potassium is in Group I of the Periodic Table.

(a) State one physical property that is similar for cobalt and potassium.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) (i) State one physical property that is different for cobalt and potassium.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Describe how the physical property given in (b)(i) is different for cobalt compared to
potassium.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(c) W
 hen a small piece of potassium is added to cold water, the potassium floats and disappears
as it reacts.

Give two other observations that would be made when a small piece of potassium is added to
cold water.

1 ..................................................................................................................................................

2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) Cobalt reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to make the salt cobalt(II) chloride. Bubbles of
hydrogen gas are produced.

(i) Describe a test for hydrogen.

test .......................................................................................................................................

result ....................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) The rate of reaction of cobalt with dilute hydrochloric acid can be made faster by heating
the acid or by increasing its concentration.

State one other way to make the rate of reaction faster.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Use collision theory to explain how heating the dilute hydrochloric acid makes the rate of
reaction faster.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [3]

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(e) When cobalt(II) chloride is added to water an equilibrium is established.

[CoCl 4]2– + 6H2O [Co(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl –

blue pink

(i) A student adds water to a blue solution containing [CoCl 4]2– ions.

Describe what the student observes. Give a reason for your answer in terms of the position
of the equilibrium.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Another student cools a blue solution containing [CoCl 4]2–. The blue solution turns pink.

What does this information indicate about the forward reaction?

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(f) Another compound of cobalt is Co(OH)3.

Deduce the charge on the cobalt ion in Co(OH)3.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 15]

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4 Ethanol is a member of the homologous series of alcohols.

(a) Give two characteristics of members of a homologous series.

1 ..................................................................................................................................................

2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) The structure of ethanol is shown.

H H

H C C O H

H H

Complete the dot‑and‑cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of

ethanol. Show outer shell electrons only.

H H

H C C O H

H H

[2]

(c) Ethanol can be produced by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene or by the fermentation of
glucose.

(i) Write a chemical equation for the production of ethanol by the catalytic addition of steam
to ethene.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the production of ethanol by the fermentation of glucose,
C6H12O6.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) State one advantage of producing ethanol by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene.
Your answer must not refer to cost.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) State one advantage of producing ethanol by the fermentation of glucose.

Your answer must not refer to cost.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

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(d) Ethanol can be oxidized to ethanoic acid.

State the chemical reagent needed to oxidize ethanol to ethanoic acid.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) Ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst. The products are an
organic compound and water.

(i) Draw the structure of the organic compound formed. Show all of the atoms and all of the
bonds.

[2]

(ii) State the name of the organic compound formed.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Which homologous series does the organic compound formed belong to?

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(f) Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, is a weak acid. It reacts with copper(II) carbonate to form the salt
copper(II) ethanoate, Cu(CH3COO)2.

(i) What is meant by the term weak when applied to acids?

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Describe how a crystalline sample of copper(II) ethanoate can be prepared starting with
ethanoic acid and copper(II) carbonate.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [3]

(iii) Write the word equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and copper(II) carbonate.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 18]

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5 (a) Nickel(II) iodide crystals are hydrated. A sample of hydrated nickel(II) iodide crystals has the
following composition by mass: Ni, 14.01%; I, 60.33%; H, 2.85%; O, 22.81%.

Calculate the empirical formula of the hydrated nickel(II) iodide crystals.

 empirical formula = .............................. [2]

(b) Molten nickel(II) iodide can be electrolyzed using the apparatus shown.

power supply
copper wires

platinum
electrodes

molten
nickel(II) iodide

During electrolysis, charge is transferred through the copper wires and through the molten
nickel(II) iodide.

(i) Name the type of particles which transfer charge through the copper wires.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Name the type of particles which transfer charge through the molten nickel(II) iodide.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

Predict the products of the electrolysis of molten nickel(II) iodide. Write an ionic
(iii) 
half-equation for the formation of one of these products.

products................................................................................................................................

ionic half-equation ...............................................................................................................

[3]

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(c) A student electrolyzed copper(II) sulfate solution using the two sets of apparatus shown.

power supply power supply

carbon copper
electrodes electrodes

copper(II) sulfate copper(II) sulfate

solution solution
apparatus A apparatus B

In apparatus A the student used carbon electrodes.

In apparatus B the student used copper electrodes.

The student made the following observations.

apparatus A apparatus B
The mass of the negative electrode increased. The mass of the negative electrode increased.
The mass of the positive electrode stayed the same. The mass of the positive electrode decreased.
Bubbles were seen at the positive electrode. No bubbles were seen at the positive electrode.

(i) Explain why the mass of the negative electrode increased in both sets of apparatus.

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Name the gas that formed the bubbles seen in apparatus A.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Explain why the mass of the positive electrode decreased in apparatus B.

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

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(iv) Suggest what happens to the color of the solution in apparatus A and apparatus B as the
electrolysis progresses.
Explain your answer.

color of the solution in apparatus A .....................................................................................

color of the solution in apparatus B .....................................................................................

explanation ..........................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 13]

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6 Calcium chlorate(V), Ca(Cl O3)2, is made by reacting calcium hydroxide with chlorine gas.

6Ca(OH)2 + 6Cl 2 Ca(Cl O3)2 + 5CaCl 2 + 6H2O

(a) 8.88 g of calcium hydroxide and 7200 cm3 of chlorine gas are mixed together.

(i) How many moles is 8.88 g of calcium hydroxide?

.............................. mol [2]

(ii) How many moles of chlorine gas is 7200 cm ? 3

.............................. mol [1]

(iii) What is the maximum number of moles of calcium chlorate(V) that can be made from
8.88 g of calcium hydroxide and 7200 cm3 of chlorine gas?

.............................. mol [1]

(iv) What is the maximum mass of calcium chlorate(V) that can be made from 8.88 g of
calcium hydroxide and 7200 cm3 of chlorine gas?

.............................. g [2]

The experiment is repeated using different amounts of calcium hydroxide and chlorine gas.
The maximum mass of calcium chlorate(V) that can be made in the experiment is 4.84 g.

(v) The actual mass of calcium chlorate(V) made in the experiment is 3.63 g.

Calculate the percentage yield.

percentage yield = .............................. % [1]

(b) Calcium chlorate(V) undergoes thermal decomposition.

The only products are calcium chloride and a colorless gas.

(i) What must be done to calcium chlorate(V) to make it thermally decompose?

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium chlorate(V).

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

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(c) Chloric(V) acid, HCl O3, is a strong acid. It can be made from calcium chlorate(V).

(i) What color is methyl orange indicator in chloric(V) acid?

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Define the term acid in terms of proton transfer.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Complete the chemical equation to show HCl O3 behaving as an acid in water.

HCl O3 + H2O ....................... + .......................

[1]

[Total: 13]

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© UCLES 2018 0439/43/M/J/18

 The Periodic Table of Elements

© UCLES 2018
Group
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminum silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

0439/43/M/J/18
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
cesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).