Scribd
Upload
47 views2 pages

Grade 11 Alchols Short Notes

Short note about Dihydric and the trihydric alcohols

Uploaded by

wondimumoa8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
47 views2 pages

Grade 11 Alchols Short Notes

Short note about Dihydric and the trihydric alcohols

Uploaded by

wondimumoa8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

1.

Dihydric and the trihydric alcohols have higher boiling points than
monohydric alcohols of similar molecular size (mass).

Explanation:- Dihydric and trihydric alcohols, compounds containing two and


three hydroxyl (-OH) groups respectively, exhibit higher boiling points compared
to monohydric alcohols of similar molecular size (mass). This phenomenon occurs
due to the increased strength of intermolecular forces, particularly hydrogen
bonding, in dihydric and trihydric alcohols. The presence of multiple hydroxyl
groups allows for more extensive hydrogen bonding interactions between
molecules, leading to greater cohesion and higher boiling points.

2. The solubility of alcohols in water decreases with increasing carbon number.

Explanation:- carbon number of an alcohol increases, the length of the


hydrocarbon chain also increases. This results in an increase in the nonpolar nature
of the molecule and a decrease in its polarity. As a consequence, the solubility of
alcohols in water decreases with increasing carbon number.

This phenomenon can be explained by the following factors:

Increased van der Waals forces: The larger hydrocarbon chain creates more contact
points for van der Waals interactions between the alcohol molecules. These
interactions favor aggregation of the alcohol molecules in a nonpolar environment,
reducing their solubility in water.

Decreased hydrogen bonding: The hydroxyl group of alcohols can form hydrogen
bonds with water molecules. However, as the carbon chain grows, the steric
hindrance around the hydroxyl group increases, making it less accessible for
hydrogen bonding with water.

Reduced dipole moment: The dipole moment of an alcohol molecule decreases


with increasing carbon number, as the electron-withdrawing effect of the hydroxyl
group is diminished by the increased distance from the positive charge on the
carbon atom. This reduced dipole moment weakens the electrostatic attraction
between the alcohol molecule and water molecules.
As a result of these factors, the solubility of alcohols in water follows a decreasing
trend with increasing carbon number. For example, methanol (CH3OH), with a
one-carbon chain, is highly soluble in water (miscible), while heptanol (C7H15OH),
with a seven-carbon chain, is only slightly soluble in water

3. The water solubilities of dihydric and trihydric alcohols are higher than
those of monohydric alcohols of similar molecular mass.

Explanation:- The higher water solubilities of dihydric and trihydric alcohols


compared to monohydric alcohols of similar molecular mass can be attributed to
their increased number of hydroxyl (-OH) groups. Hydrogen bonding, a type of
intermolecular force, plays a crucial role in determining a compound's solubility in
water. Dihydric and trihydric alcohols, with their multiple hydroxyl groups, can
form more hydrogen bonds with water molecules compared to monohydric
alcohols, enhancing their solubility. Additionally, the presence of multiple
hydroxyl groups increases the polarity of dihydric and trihydric alcohols,
facilitating their interaction with water molecules and further enhancing their
solubility.

4. The boiling point of a branched isomer is lower than that of its isomeric
straight-chain alcohol.

Explanation:- The difference in boiling points between branched and straight-


chain isomers can be attributed to differences in molecular structure and surface
area. Branched-chain alcohols have a more compact molecular structure compared
to their straight-chain counterparts. This reduced surface area results in weaker van
der Waals forces between molecules, leading to lower boiling points. Additionally,
the branching in the molecule disrupts the regular packing of molecules in the
liquid phase, further weakening intermolecular forces. Consequently, branched
isomers require less energy to overcome these weaker intermolecular forces,
resulting in lower boiling points compared to their straight-chain counterparts of
similar molecular mass.

By: Moa Wondimu

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy