REFERENCES CALCULATIONS RESULTS

Wind Load Calculations based on AS/NZS 1170.2 (2021)

Design Information :

Units : Metric

Project Data
The structure is located in 29 Johnson Ln, Port Hedland WA 6721, Australia classified as Terrain Category 1 (TC1) (assumed to be
homogeneous for the selected wind direction) and is 0.97 km from Australian coastline. The location is elevated at 8.90 m above mean sea
level.

Figure 1. Site location.

Parameter Value

Building Length, 11.88 m

Building Width, 4.00 m

Mean Roof Height, 3.10 m

Roof Profile Monoslope

Roof Pitch Angle, 15.00

Orientation of Building Length, , with respect

0°
to True North,

Structure Type AS/NZS 1170.2 - Buildings

Action Combination Case 4 effective surface - Pressures from windward and leeward walls in combination with roof
pressures and internal pressures

Ratio of Dominant Opening to Total Open Area 0.300

Elevated Building? No

Wind Load Calculation Design Report

Page 1 of 11
 Figure 2. Building parameters.

Ratio of building length to building width

Ratio of building width to building length

Ratio of mean roof height to building length

Ratio of mean roof height to building width

Surface Permeability Opening Size

Wall 1
Wall 2
Permeable
Wall 3 0.000

Wall 4

Roof Impermeable

Figure 3.1 of AS/NZS 1170.2 Regional Wind Speed,

Figure 3.3 of AS/NZS 1170.0
Wind speed for the address is 72 m/s (Region D) - and was derived from 50, 100, 150 and 200km smooth lines, set in from a smooth coastline,
as per Figure 3.3 of AS/NZS 1170.0. Moreover, the wind speed calculation is based on Design Working Life for 50 years and Importance
level 1. Refer to Table 3.1 in AS/NZS 1170.2 for Regional Wind Speeds. m/s

Site Wind Speed for the selected Wind Source Direction (W)

For the selected wind source direction

Section 4.3 - Shielding Multiplier

For the selected wind source direction, the shielding multiplier is assumed to be equal to 1 with the assumption that shielding of nearby
structures are neglected.
Section 3.3 - Wind Direction Multiplier
For the selected wind source direction, the wind direction multiplier for the structure is equal to 0.9 for Region D and wind coming from W.
Note that each wind direction has a corresponding angle (in degrees) measured from True North in a clockwise direction. Additionaly, the
corresponding wind direction mutiplier value for each direction is tabulated below:

Direction

N-0° 0.900

NE - 45 ° 0.900

E - 90 ° 0.900
SE - 135 ° 0.900

S - 180 ° 0.900

SW - 225 ° 0.900

W - 270 ° 0.900

NW - 315 ° 0.900

Section 3.4 - Climate Change Multiplier

The climate change multiplier for the structure is equal to 1.05 as the structure's location is classified as Region D
Section 4.2.2 - Terrain/Height Multiplier
Table 4.1

Wind Load Calculation Design Report

Page 2 of 11
 The terrain height multiplier for the selected wind source direction (W), terrain category (Category 1), and wind region (Region D) calculated
at mean roof height (3.1 m) is equal to 0.972
The terrain/height multiplier values for each level (used for windward wall pressures) are tabulated below:

Level Elevation, m

1 3.1 0.972

Section 4.4.3 - Lee Multiplier

For the selected wind source direction especially for New Zealand lee zones.

For calculating the hill-shape multiplier, the detected topography for the selected wind source direction is Flat.

Section 4.4.2 - Hill Shape Multiplier

For the selected wind source direction, either the terrain is relatively a flat surface or the structure is outside the local topographic zones.
Section 4.4.2 - Hill Shape Multiplier
For the selected wind source direction. Calculated from user input data.

Figure 3. Ground elevation with wind coming from W.

Section 4.4.1 - Topographic Multiplier

Section 2.2 - Site Wind Speed

Design Wind Speed and Pressure

The site wind speed, , for each wind direction is tabulated below. Note that the default Terrain Category is Category 1 if not defined from the
UI.
The site wind speed for the selected direction β at the reference height (z) can be solved using the formula:
Section 2.2 - Site Wind Speed

Section 4.4.1 - Topographic Multiplier

Direction Terrain Slope

Detected

W Flat 0.001 1.000 1.000 1.000 3.92 -20.00 1667.52 600.31 2401.23 2401.23
(0 °)

Section 2.4 - Design Wind Pressure

Wind Load Calculation Design Report

Page 3 of 11
 Note that in calculating the design wind pressures in the table below, and for brevity, for reference value and shall have a minimum
value, , of 30.00 m/s.

Direction Terrain Topographic

Category @ @ Multiplier
@

N
72.000 1.050 0.900 CAT1 0.972 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 66.135

NE
72.000 1.050 0.900 CAT1 0.972 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 66.135

E
72.000 1.050 0.900 CAT1 0.972 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 66.135

SE
72.000 1.050 0.900 CAT1 0.972 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 66.135

S
72.000 1.050 0.900 CAT1 0.972 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 66.135

SW
72.000 1.050 0.900 CAT1 0.972 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 66.135

W
72.000 1.050 0.900 CAT1 0.972 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 66.135

NW
72.000 1.050 0.900 CAT1 0.972 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 66.135

Direction max.
@ ,

N
66.135 2624.293

NE
66.135 2624.293

E
66.135 2624.293

SE
66.135 2624.293
30.00 66.135 66.135
S
66.135 2624.293

SW
66.135 2624.293

W
66.135 2624.293

NW
66.135 2624.293

0°

315° 45°

270° 90°
V​sit,β​, m/s
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

225° 135°

180°

Wind Load Calculation Design Report

Page 4 of 11
 70(θ = 0°, 66.13) (θ = 90°, 66.13) (θ = 180°, 66.13) (θ = 270°, 66.13)
(β66.13
= 0°) 66.13 (β66.13
= 90°) 66.13 (β 66.13
= 180°) 66.13 (β 66.13
= 270°) 66.13 66.13
60

50

V​sit,β​, m/s
40

30

20

10

0 (β = 0°) (β = 90°) (β = 180°) (β = 270°)

0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360

Direction (where β = 0° for N, in clockwise direction)

From these values, the at can be calculated based (using linear interpolation) on the angle between the orthogonal axis parallel to the
building length, , and True North equal to 0°. Take note that the design wind speed should not be less than 30 m/s and the maximum wind
speed for . Therefore:
Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed - 0°

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for

Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for

Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed
Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for
Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for

Dynamic Response Factor

Section 6.2 - Dynamic Response Factor

The structure is assumed to have natural frequency of the first mode of vibration greater than 1 Hz.

Action Combination Factor

Since the design case for the structure is 4 effective surface - Pressures from windward and leeward walls in combination with roof
pressures and internal pressures:

4 effective surface - Pressures from windward and leeward walls in combination with roof pressures and internal pressures

Therefore:
Section 5.4.3 - Action Combination Factor applied to External Pressures
Table 5.5
Section 5.4.3 - Action Combination Factor applied to Internal Pressures
Table 5.5
Take note that for

Aerodynamic Shape Factor

Surface Permeability Opening Size

Wall 1

Wall 2
Permeable
Wall 3 0.000

Wall 4
Roof Impermeable

Ratio of Dominant Opening to Total Opening Area

- Ratio of Dominant Opening to Total Opening Area

Wind Load Calculation Design Report

Page 5 of 11
 Aerodynamic Shape Factor for Internal Pressure

Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(1) - Aerodynamic shape factor for internal pressures of enclosed buildings

Section 5.3.4 - Open Area/Volume Factor

Section 5.4.3 - Action Combination Factor applied to Internal Pressures
Table 5.5
Take note that for

For

Since the wall condition detected is "All wall permeable" for , the internal pressure coefficient and aerodynamic shape factor
can be determined.

All wall permeable

Table 5.1(A) - Internal Pressure Coefficient for buildings - min

Table 5.1(B)
For .
Take note that for
Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(1) - Aerodynamic shape factor for internal pressures of enclosed buildings

Table 5.1(A) - Internal Pressure Coefficient for buildings - max

Table 5.1(B)
For .
Take note that for
Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(1) - Aerodynamic shape factor for internal pressures of enclosed buildings

For

Since the wall condition detected is "All wall permeable" for , the internal pressure coefficient and aerodynamic shape factor
can be determined.

All wall permeable

Table 5.1(A) - Internal Pressure Coefficient for buildings - min

Table 5.1(B)
For .
Take note that for
Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(1) - Aerodynamic shape factor for internal pressures of enclosed buildings

Table 5.1(A) - Internal Pressure Coefficient for buildings - max

Table 5.1(B)
For .
Take note that for
Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(1) - Aerodynamic shape factor for internal pressures of enclosed buildings

Wind Load Calculation Design Report

Page 6 of 11
 For

Since the wall condition detected is "All wall permeable" for , the internal pressure coefficient and aerodynamic shape factor
can be determined.

All wall permeable

Table 5.1(A) - Internal Pressure Coefficient for buildings - min

Table 5.1(B)
For .
Take note that for
Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(1) - Aerodynamic shape factor for internal pressures of enclosed buildings

Table 5.1(A) - Internal Pressure Coefficient for buildings - max

Table 5.1(B)
For .
Take note that for
Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(1) - Aerodynamic shape factor for internal pressures of enclosed buildings

For

Since the wall condition detected is "All wall permeable" for , the internal pressure coefficient and aerodynamic shape factor
can be determined.

All wall permeable

Table 5.1(A) - Internal Pressure Coefficient for buildings - min

Table 5.1(B)
For .
Take note that for
Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(1) - Aerodynamic shape factor for internal pressures of enclosed buildings

Table 5.1(A) - Internal Pressure Coefficient for buildings - max

Table 5.1(B)
For .
Take note that for
Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(1) - Aerodynamic shape factor for internal pressures of enclosed buildings

Summary:

Wind Load Calculation Design Report

Page 7 of 11
 Direction

-0.300 -0.300
0°
0.000 0.000

-0.300 -0.300
90°
0.000 0.000
1.000 1.000
-0.300 -0.300
180°
0.000 0.000

-0.300 -0.300
270°
0.000 0.000

Aerodynamic Shape Factor for External Pressure

Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(2) - Aerodynamic shape factor for external pressures of enclosed buildings

Section 5.4.2 - Area Reduction Factor

For roof and wall surfaces (main frame), the area reduction factor is assumed to be equal to 1.0.
Section 5.4.3 - Action Combination Factor applied to External Pressures
Table 5.5
Section 5.4.4 - Local Pressure Factor
For roof and wall surfaces (main frame), the local pressure factor is assumed to be equal to 1.0.
Section 5.4.5 - Permeable cladding Reduction Factor
For roof and wall surfaces (main frame), the permeable cladding redection factor is assumed to be equal to 1.0.
Note that for roofs and side walls, the product of and shall not be less than 0.8.
Furthermore, the external pressure coefficients for each surface are shown in the table below based on Section 5.4.1.

Surface Location

z 0.800 0.640
Windward wall
h 0.700 0.560

All height (0°) -0.300 -0.240

Leeward wall
All height (90°) -0.500 -0.400

0 to h from windward edge -0.650 -0.520

h to 2h from windward edge -0.500 -0.400

Side wall
2h to 3h from windward edge -0.300 -0.240

> 3h from windward edge -0.200 -0.160

Roof (0°) Upwind Roof -0.509 -0.407

-0.013 -0.011

Downwind Roof -0.400 -0.320

0 to 0.5h from windward edge -0.900 -0.720

Downwind Roof -0.400 -0.320

0.5h to h from windward edge -0.900 1.000 0.800 1.000 1.000 -0.720

Roof (180°) Downwind Roof 0.000 0.000

h to 2h from windward edge -0.500 -0.400

Downwind Roof 0.100 0.080

2h to 3h from windward edge -0.300 -0.240

Downwind Roof 0.200 0.160

> 3h from windward edge -0.200 -0.160

0 to 0.5h from windward edge -0.510 -0.408

-1.120 -0.896

0.5h to h from windward edge -0.345 -0.276

-0.790 -0.632

Roof (90°) h to 2h from windward edge -0.165 -0.132

-0.610 -0.488

2h to 3h from windward edge -0.120 -0.096

-0.520 -0.416

> 3h from windward edge -0.075 -0.060

-0.475 -0.380

Design Pressures

Section 2.4 - Design Wind Pressure

Section 2.4 - Density of air

Wind Load Calculation Design Report

Page 8 of 11
 Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed - 0°

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for

For wind direction

Surface Level Elevation or Location

Windward wall 1 66.135 0.560 1469.604 2256.892

1469.604
3.100
Leeward wall All heights 66.135 -0.240 -629.830 157.458
-629.830

0 to h from windward edge 66.135 -0.520 -1364.633 -577.345

-1364.633

h to 2h from windward edge 66.135 -0.400 -1049.717 -262.429

-0.300 -787.288 -1049.717
Sidewall - 0.000 0.000
2h to 3h from windward edge 66.135 -0.240 -629.830 157.458
-629.830

> 3h from windward edge 66.135 -0.160 -419.887 367.401

-419.887

66.135 -0.509 -1068.096 -280.808

Upwind Roof -1068.096
(0°) Roof 3.100
66.135 -0.013 -27.568 759.720
-27.568

Wind - 0°

Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for

For wind direction

Surface Level Elevation or Location

Windward wall 1 66.135 0.560 1469.604 2256.892

1469.604
3.100
Leeward wall All heights 66.135 -0.240 -629.830 157.458
-629.830

0 to h from windward edge 66.135 -0.520 -1364.633 -577.345

-1364.633

h to 2h from windward edge 66.135 -0.400 -1049.717 -262.429

-1049.717
Sidewall -
2h to 3h from windward edge 66.135 -0.240 -629.830 157.458
-629.830

> 3h from windward edge 66.135 -0.160 -419.887 367.401

-419.887

-1102.203
0 to 0.5h from windward edge 66.135 -0.720 -1889.491 -1889.491
-0.320 -839.774 -0.300 -787.288 -52.486
0.000 0.000 -839.774

-1102.203
0.5h to h from windward edge 66.135 -0.720 -1889.491 -1889.491
-0.320 -839.774 -52.486
-839.774

-262.429
Downwind Roof Roof h to 2h from windward edge 66.135 -0.400 -1049.717 -1049.717
(180°) 0.000 0.000 787.288
0.000

157.458
2h to 3h from windward edge 66.135 -0.240 -629.830 -629.830
0.080 209.943 997.231
209.943

367.401
> 3h from windward edge 66.135 -0.160 -419.887 -419.887
0.160 419.887 1207.175
419.887

Wind Load Calculation Design Report

Page 9 of 11
 Wind - 180°

Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for

For wind direction

Surface Level Elevation or Location

Windward wall 1 66.135 0.560 1469.604 2256.892

1469.604
3.100
Leeward wall All heights 66.135 -0.400 -1049.717 -262.429
-1049.717

0 to h from windward edge 66.135 -0.520 -1364.633 -577.345

-1364.633

h to 2h from windward edge 66.135 -0.400 -1049.717 -262.429

-1049.717
Sidewall -
2h to 3h from windward edge 66.135 -0.240 -629.830 157.458
-629.830

> 3h from windward edge 66.135 -0.160 -419.887 367.401

-419.887

66.135 -1.120 -2351.367 -1564.079

-2351.367
0 to 0.5h from windward edge
66.135 -0.510 -1070.712 -283.424
-0.300 -787.288 -1070.712
0.000 0.000
66.135 -0.790 -1658.553 -871.265
-1658.553
0.5h to h from windward edge
66.135 -0.345 -724.305 62.983
-724.305

66.135 -0.610 -1280.655 -493.367

Crosswind Roof -1280.655
(90°) Roof h to 2h from windward edge
66.135 -0.165 -346.407 440.881
-346.407

66.135 -0.520 -1091.706 -304.418

-1091.706
2h to 3h from windward edge
66.135 -0.120 -251.932 535.356
-251.932

66.135 -0.475 -997.231 -209.943

-997.231
> 3h from windward edge
66.135 -0.075 -157.458 629.830
-157.458

Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for

For wind direction

Wind Load Calculation Design Report

Page 10 of 11
 Surface Level Elevation or Location

Windward wall 1 66.135 0.560 1469.604 2256.892

1469.604
3.100
Leeward wall All heights 66.135 -0.400 -1049.717 -262.429
-1049.717

0 to h from windward edge 66.135 -0.520 -1364.633 -577.345

-1364.633

h to 2h from windward edge 66.135 -0.400 -1049.717 -262.429

-1049.717
Sidewall -
2h to 3h from windward edge 66.135 -0.240 -629.830 157.458
-629.830

> 3h from windward edge 66.135 -0.160 -419.887 367.401

-419.887

66.135 -1.120 -2351.367 -1564.079

-2351.367
0 to 0.5h from windward edge
66.135 -0.510 -1070.712 -283.424
-0.300 -787.288 -1070.712
0.000 0.000
66.135 -0.790 -1658.553 -871.265
-1658.553
0.5h to h from windward edge
66.135 -0.345 -724.305 62.983
-724.305

66.135 -0.610 -1280.655 -493.367

Crosswind Roof -1280.655
(270°) Roof h to 2h from windward edge
66.135 -0.165 -346.407 440.881
-346.407

66.135 -0.520 -1091.706 -304.418

-1091.706
2h to 3h from windward edge
66.135 -0.120 -251.932 535.356
-251.932

66.135 -0.475 -997.231 -209.943

-997.231
> 3h from windward edge
66.135 -0.075 -157.458 629.830
-157.458

Wind - 90° or 270°

Wind Load Calculation Design Report

Page 11 of 11