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    Comprehensive Guide To MS-DOS Commands: Description Syntax

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    Comprehensive Guide To MS-DOS Commands: Description Syntax

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    Comprehensive Guide To MS-DOS Commands: Description Syntax

    Uploaded by

    Eshu Maurya

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Comprehensive Guide to MS-DOS

    Commands

    Introduction

    This document provides an extensive overview of common MS-DOS commands, including


    their syntax, attributes, descriptions, and examples.

    DIR

    Description: Lists the contents of a directory, showing files and subdirectories.


    Syntax:
    DIR [ drive :][ path ][ filename ] [/ options ]

    Attributes:

    • /W: Displays in a wide format.

    • /P: Pauses after each screen of information.

    • /S: Lists files in subdirectories.

    • /B: Outputs in bare format.

    • /O: Sorts the output.

    • /A: Displays files with specific attributes.

    Example:
    DIR C :\ Documents / W / P

    1
    CD (Change Directory)

    Description: Changes the current working directory.


    Syntax:
    CD [ drive :][ path ]

    Example:
    CD C :\ Program Files

    MD (Make Directory)

    Description: Creates a new directory.


    Syntax:
    MD [ directory ]

    Example:
    MD NewFolder

    RD (Remove Directory)

    Description: Deletes a specified directory.


    Syntax:
    RD [ directory ]

    Example:
    RD OldFolder

    COPY

    Description: Copies files from one location to another.


    Syntax:
    COPY [ source ] [ destination ] [/ Y ]

    Attributes:

    2
    • /Y: Suppresses confirmation prompts.

    • /V: Verifies new files.

    • /A: Indicates an ASCII file.

    • /B: Indicates a binary file.

    Example:
    COPY file . txt D :\ Backup / Y

    DEL (Delete)

    Description: Deletes one or more files.


    Syntax:
    DEL [ filename ] [/ P ]

    Attributes:

    • /P: Prompts for confirmation.

    • /F: Forces deletion of read-only files.

    • /S: Deletes from all subdirectories.

    • /Q: Quiet mode; no confirmation.

    Example:
    DEL oldfile . txt / P

    REN (Rename)

    Description: Renames a specified file or directory.


    Syntax:
    REN [ oldname ] [ newname ]

    Example:
    REN oldfile . txt newfile . txt

    3
    MOVE

    Description: Moves one or more files.


    Syntax:
    MOVE [ source ] [ destination ]

    Example:
    MOVE file . txt D :\ Documents

    XCOPY

    Description: Copies files and directory trees.


    Syntax:
    XCOPY [ source ] [ destination ] [/ S ] [/ E ]

    Attributes:

    • /S: Copies directories except empty ones.

    • /E: Copies all subdirectories.

    • /H: Copies hidden files.

    • /I: Creates destination as a directory if it does not exist.

    • /Y: Suppresses overwriting prompts.

    Example:
    XCOPY C :\ Data D :\ Backup / S / E

    ATTRIB

    Description: Displays or changes file attributes.


    Syntax:
    ATTRIB [+ R | - R ] [+ A | - A ] [+ S | - S ] [+ H | - H ] [ filename ]

    Attributes:

    4
    • +R: Sets the read-only attribute.

    • -R: Clears the read-only attribute.

    • +A: Sets the archive attribute.

    • -A: Clears the archive attribute.

    • +S: Sets the system attribute.

    • -S: Clears the system attribute.

    • +H: Sets the hidden attribute.

    • -H: Clears the hidden attribute.

    Example:
    ATTRIB + H secret . txt

    CHKDSK

    Description: Checks a disk for errors.


    Syntax:
    CHKDSK [ drive :] [/ F ]

    Attributes:

    • /F: Fixes errors on the disk.

    • /R: Locates bad sectors.

    • /X: Forces volume dismount.

    Example:
    CHKDSK C : / F

    FORMAT

    Description: Prepares a disk for use.


    Syntax:
    FORMAT [ drive :] [/ FS : file_system ] [/ Q ]

    5
    Attributes:

    • /FS:files ystem : Specif iesthef ilesystem./Q : P erf ormsaquickf ormat. Example:


    FORMAT D : / FS : FAT32 / Q

    DISKCOPY

    Description: Copies the entire contents of one floppy disk to another.


    Syntax:
    DISKCOPY [ source_drive :] [ destination_drive :]

    Example:
    DISKCOPY A : B :

    PING

    Description: Tests network connectivity.


    Syntax:
    PING [ hostname or IP address ]

    Attributes:

    • -t: Pings until stopped.

    • -n count: Number of echo requests.

    • -l size: Size of the send buffer.

    Example:
    PING google . com

    TRACERT

    Description: Traces the route taken by packets to a specified network host.


    Syntax:

    6
    TRACERT [ hostname or IP address ]

    Attributes:

    • -d: Prevents the resolution of IP addresses to hostnames.

    • -h maxhops: Specifies the maximum number of hops to search for the target.

    Example:
    TRACERT google . com

    NETSTAT

    Description: Displays active network connections, routing tables, and network interface
    statistics.
    Syntax:
    NETSTAT [/ options ]

    Attributes:

    • -a: Displays all active connections and listening ports.

    • -n: Shows addresses and port numbers in numerical form.

    • -o: Displays the owning process ID associated with each connection.

    • -r: Displays the routing table.

    Example:
    NETSTAT -a -n

    IPCONFIG

    Description: Displays IP configuration information for network interfaces.


    Syntax:
    IPCONFIG [/ all ] [/ release ] [/ renew ] [/ flushdns ] [/ displaydns ]
    [/ registerdns ]

    7
    Attributes:

    • /all: Displays full configuration information.

    • /release: Releases the current DHCP configuration.

    • /renew: Renews DHCP configuration.

    • /flushdns: Clears the DNS resolver cache.

    • /displaydns: Displays the contents of the DNS resolver cache.

    • /registerdns: Refreshes all DHCP leases and re-registers DNS names.

    Example:
    IPCONFIG / all

    NET

    Description: Performs various networking tasks, such as managing users, groups, and
    services.
    Syntax:
    NET [ command ] [/ options ]

    Common Commands:

    • NET USER: Manages user accounts.

    • NET SHARE: Manages shared resources.

    • NET USE: Connects or disconnects from a shared resource.

    • NET TIME: Displays or synchronizes the computer’s clock with another computer.

    Example:
    NET USER

    SYSTEMINFO

    Description: Displays detailed configuration information about the computer and its
    operating system.
    Syntax:

    8
    SYSTEMINFO

    Example:
    SYSTEMINFO

    SHUTDOWN

    Description: Allows you to shut down or restart the computer.


    Syntax:
    SHUTDOWN [/ s | / r | / l ] [/ t seconds ] [/ f ] [/ m \\ computername ]

    Attributes:

    • /s: Shuts down the computer.

    • /r: Restarts the computer.

    • /l: Logs off the current user.

    • /t seconds: Sets a timer for shutdown (default is 30 seconds).

    • /f: Forces running applications to close.

    • /m
    computername: Specifies the target computer for shutdown or restart.

    Example:
    SHUTDOWN / r / t 60

    FC (File Compare)

    Description: Compares two files or sets of files and displays the differences.
    Syntax:
    FC [ filename1 ] [ filename2 ] [/ B ] [/ C ]

    Attributes:

    • /B: Performs a binary comparison.

    9
    • /C: Ignores case differences.

    • /L: Compares files as ASCII text.

    Example:
    FC file1 . txt file2 . txt / C

    SET

    Description: Displays, sets, or removes environment variables in the command prompt.


    Syntax:
    SET [ variable =[ string ]]

    Example:
    SET MY_VAR = HelloWorld

    ECHO

    Description: Displays messages or turns command echoing on or off.


    Syntax:
    ECHO [ message ]

    Attributes:

    • ON: Turns command echoing on.

    • OFF: Turns command echoing off.

    Example:
    ECHO Hello , World !

    CLS

    Description: Clears the command prompt screen.


    Syntax:

    10
    CLS

    Example:
    CLS

    EXIT

    Description: Exits the command prompt or closes the current batch script.
    Syntax:
    EXIT

    Example:
    EXIT

    Conclusion

    This guide provides a comprehensive overview of commonly used MS-DOS commands,


    along with their syntax, attributes, and practical examples. By familiarizing yourself
    with these commands, you can efficiently navigate and manage tasks in the MS-DOS
    environment. For further exploration, refer to official documentation or resources specific
    to your version of Windows.

    11

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