KABALE UNIVERSITY STUDENT NAME: ARIHO ALEX

FACULTY OF EDUCATION

REG NO 2024/A/KED/2808/F

COURSE NAME: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 1101

LECTURER NAME NUWAHEREZA WYCLIFFE

Questions;

1. With at least three examples, define an operating system?

2. Explain the following types of an operating system;

i. Simple Batch system

ii. Multiprogramming Batch system

iii. Multiprocessor system

iv. Desktop system

v. Distributed operating system

vi. Clustered system

vii. Real-time operating system

viii. Handheld system

3. Explain different features of the windows OS

1. An operating system is software that manages computer hardware resources and provides
platform for running application software.it acts as intermediary between computer hardware
and user-level applications. Examples of operating system include the following;

 windows;

 Android

 Linux

 Ubuntu

2. The following are the explained types of an Operating System

i. Simple Batch system: This is the type of operating system that executes a sequence of
programs in batches, without user interaction. The user prepares programs and submits
it to the batch system. The job is stored on an input device for example card reader.

ii. Multiprogramming Batch System is a type of operating system that allows multiple
programs to be executed simultaneously in batches, improving system efficiency and
productivity. Components of the Multiprogramming system include the following;

 Batch Processing: Programs are grouped into batches and executed

sequentially.

 Multiprogramming: Multiple programs share system resources, such as CPU,

memory, and input/output devices.

 Job Scheduling: Operating system schedules jobs based on priority, resource

availability, and processing time.

 Resource Allocation: System allocates resources to each job, ensuring

efficient utilization.

 Interrupt Handling: Operating system handles interrupts generated by

devices or programs.
Characteristics of the Multiprogramming system include the following;

 Improved Productivity: Batch processing enables execution of multiple jobs

simultaneously.

 Reduced Processing Time: Jobs are executed in batches, reducing overall processing time.

 3Error Handling: Operating system handles errors and exceptions generated during job
execution.

Types of Multiprogramming Batch Systems include the following;

 Multi-Stream Batch System: This executes multiple jobs concurrently.

 Real-Time Batch System: This executes jobs in real-time, meeting strict deadlines.
Examples include the following;

iii. Multiprocessor system this is a computer system that uses multiple processors or
processing units to execute multiple tasks or processes simultaneously.

How Multiprocessor Works:

 Multiple processors are connected through a shared bus or interconnect.

 Each processor executes a separate process or task.

 Processors communicate with each other through shared memory or message passing.

 Operating system manages processor allocation, scheduling, and synchronization.

Types of Multiprocessor Systems:

 Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP): All processors share equal access to resources.

 Asymmetric Multiprocessing (ASMP): One processor controls others, which act as slaves.
  Massively Parallel Processing (MPP): Thousands of processors work together. Examples
of Multiprocessor Systems include;

 Supercomputers such as IBM Summit.

 Server clusters such as Google's data centers

 Multicore processors such as Intel Core i74.

 High-performance computing (HPC) clusters

iv. Desktop System

A desktop system is a type of computer system designed for personal use, typically used for
office work, education, entertainment, and other tasks that require a graphical user interface.

Hardware Components:

 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

 Memory (RAM)

 Storage (Hard Disk Drive or Solid-State Drive)

 Graphics Card

 Sound Card

 Motherboard

 Power Supply

 Case

Software Components:

 Operating System (Windows, macOS, Linux)

  Application Software (Microsoft Office, Google Chrome)

 Device Drivers

How it Works:

 User interacts with the system through input devices (keyboard, mouse).

 CPU processes instructions and executes tasks.

 Memory (RAM) stores data temporarily.

 Storage (HDD/SSD) stores operating system, programs, and data.

 Graphics card renders graphics.

 Sound card outputs audio.

 Operating system manages hardware and software resources.

Examples of Desktop Systems:

 Apple iMac

 Dell Inspiron

 HP Pavilion

 Lenovo ThinkCentre

 Microsoft Surface Studio

 Gaming PCs (e.g., Alien ware)

 All-in-One PCs (e.g., Apple iMac)

 Mini PCs (e.g., Intel NUC.

v. Distributed operating system: This is a type of operating system that manages a

network of computers, allowing multiple computers to work together as a single system,
sharing resources and coordinating tasks.
How distributed operating system works

 Node initialization: Each node boots up and joins the network.

 Resource discovery: Nodes discover available resources on the network.

 Task allocation: System allocates tasks to Nodes based on resource availability.

 Data communication: Nodes exchange data via network protocols.

 Synchronization: System ensures data consistency across nodes.

Fault detection: System detects node failure and reconfigures.

vi. Clustered system: This is a type of distributed computing system that consists of
multiple computers or nodes connected together to form a single system, working
together to provide improved performance, availability and scalability.

How Clustered system works

 Node initialization: Each node boots up and joins the cluster.

 Resource discovery: Nodes discover available resources with in the cluster.

Job scheduling: Cluster management software allocates tasks to Nodes.

 Data communication: Nodes exchange data via interconnects.

 Synchronization: Cluster management software ensures data consistency.

 Fault detection: System detects node failure and reconfigures.

vii. Real-time operating system: This is a type of operating system that guarantees predictable
and reliable performance, ensuring that tasks are completed with in strict time
constraints.

How Real time operating system works

 Task creation: Application creates tasks with specific priorities.

  Scheduling:RTOS schedule tasks based on priority and deadlines

 Interrupt handling: RTOS handles interrupts from hardware devices.

 Context switching: RTOS switches between tasks efficiently.

 Resource allocation: RTOS manages resource allocation and deallocations.

viii. Handheld system: This is a compact, self-contained computing devices designed for
mobility and convenience.

How handheld system works

 user interaction:Tourchsreen or input keypad input

 .Processing: CPU executes instructions.

 Memory management: RAM and ROM allocation

 .Display: Graphics and texts rendering.

 Wireless communication: Data transmission and reception.

4. The following are features of windows Operating system

 Start menu: provide access to applications, settings and files.

 Taskbar: Displays running applications, system tray, and notification area.

 Desktop: Displays icons, files and folders.

 Windows explorer: File manager for navigating and managing files.

 Notification center: Displays notifications from apps and system.

 .Windows defender: Antivirus and anti-malware protection.

 Firewall: Blocks unauthorized network access.

 Bitlocker: Encrypts data on hard drives.

 Multitasking:Runs multiple applications simultaneously.

 Multi-threading: This improves application performance.

 Virtualization: This support virtual machines.