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STERILIZATION OF WATER USING

BLEACHING POWDER
An overview for purification of water
SILVER SHINE SCHOOL
GHAZIABAD .

Name - Harshit Singhal


Class - XII - A (science)
Roll no. - 21
Topic - Sterilization of water using
. Bleaching powder
Session - 2024-2025
❖ INDEX
● INTRODUCTION TO WATER STERILIZATION
● WHAT IS BLEACHING POWDER
● APPLICATION OF WATER TREATMENT
● ADVANTAGES OF USING BLEACHING POWDER
● SAFTEY MEASURE AND PRECAUTIONS
● CONCLUSION
● BIBLIOGRAPHY
Certificate
This certificate is awarded to HARSHIT SINGHAL
In recognition of their outstanding efforts and commitment to the
completion of the project title
STERILIZATION OF WATER USING BLEACHING POWDER

Presented on
18 OCTOBER 2024
Teacher signature;
Acknowledgment
I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Mr. Mukesh
Kumar sir for their valuable guidance and support
throughout this project.
Special thanks to my family for their constant
encouragement and to my friends and classmates for
their helpful feedback and collaboration.
Finally, I am grateful to Silver shine School for providing
the resources and opportunity to complete this project.
Your support made this possible—thank you!
Introduction to water sterilization
Water sterilization is the process of eliminating harmful microorganisms, such as
bacteria, viruses, and parasites, to make water safe for consumption. It is crucial
in preventing waterborne diseases and ensuring access to clean drinking water,
particularly in areas where water sources may be contaminated.

There are several methods of water sterilization, each with its advantages.
Common techniques include boiling, chemical treatment (e.g., using chlorine or
iodine), filtration, and UV radiation. Boiling is one of the simplest and most
effective ways, while chemical treatments are often used in emergency situations.
Filtration can remove many pathogens, and UV radiation is a modern,
energy-efficient method for sterilizing large volumes of water.

Sterilization is essential for public healtecially in regions with poor sanitatiasters.


playing a critical role in maintaining overall well-being and hygiene.
Water sterilization is a vital process aimed at removing or deactivating harmful
microorganisms—such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites—from water,
making it safe for human consumption. This process is particularly crucial in regions
where access to clean water is limited, or during emergencies when water supplies may
become contaminated. Waterborne diseases like cholera, dysentery, and typhoid pose
significant public health risks, especially in areas with inadequate sanitation systems.
There are various methods of water sterilization, each suited for different environments
and needs. Some of the most common methods include:
1. Boiling: One of the oldest and simplest methods, boiling water for 1-3 minutes at a
rolling boil kills most bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. It's widely accessible but may not
be practical in large-scale operations or where fuel is limited.
2. Chemical Sterilization: Chemicals like chlorine, iodine, or chlorine dioxide can
effectively disinfect water by killing microorganisms. These are often used in both
municipal water systems and portable water purification tablets. However, it requires
careful dosing and waiting times.
What is bleaching powder
Bleaching powder, also known as calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)₂), is a chemical
compound widely used for disinfection, bleaching, and water purification. It is a
white or off-white powder with a strong chlorine smell. Bleaching powder is
commonly used for sanitizing drinking water, disinfecting surfaces, and as a
bleaching agent in the textile and paper industriesKey Uses of Bleaching Powder

1. Water Purification: Bleaching powder is often used to disinfect drinking water.


When added to water, it releases chlorine, which kills harmful microorganisms like
bacteria and viruses, making the water safe to consume.

2. Disinfectant: It is used for disinfecting areas like public swimming pools,


hospitals, and sewage treatment plants. The chlorine in bleaching powder helps
eliminate pathogens from surfaces and water.
Steps for Using Bleaching Powder to Sterilize Water:

1. Prepare a solution: Dissolve a small amount of bleaching powder in water. Typically, a


solution with 1 gram of bleaching powder in 100 liters of water is sufficient for
sterilization.

2. Mix the solution: Stir the solution thoroughly to ensure that the chlorine is evenly
distributed throughout the water.

3. Wait for disinfection: Let the water sit for at least 30 minutes after adding the
bleaching powder. This waiting period allows the chlorine to fully disinfect the water by
killing bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.

4. Check for residual chlorine: Ideally, the residual chlorine in the water should be
around 0.5 milligrams per liter after 30 minutes. If the chlorine smell is too strong, the
water can be exposed to air or stored in open containers to reduce the concentration.
Advantages of using bleaching
powder
1. Effective Disinfectant

Bleaching powder is a powerful disinfectant due to its chlorine content. It


effectively kills a wide range of harmful microorganisms, including bacteria,
viruses, fungi, and protozoa, making it suitable for sterilizing drinking water and
disinfecting surfaces.

2. Affordable and Widely Available

Bleaching powder is inexpensive and easily available, making it accessible for


large-scale use in rural or low-income areas. Its affordability makes it an ideal
choice for emergency water purification, sanitation projects, and public health
campaigns.
Effective Surface Disinfectant: Bleaching powder is commonly used for disinfecting
surfaces in hospitals, homes, and other public areas, effectively reducing the spread
of diseases.

4. Deodorizing Properties: It helps eliminate foul odors by breaking down organic


matter, making it useful in sanitation.

5. Pest Control: It can be used to control pests like mosquitoes by treating stagnant
water, reducing breeding grounds.

6. Versatile Use: Bleaching powder can be used for bleaching textiles, sanitizing
swimming pools, and in the paper industry for whitening products.

7. Stable Shelf Life: It has a relatively long shelf life, making it practical for long-term
storage in emergency situations or regular use.
SAFTEY MEASURE AND
PRECAUTIONS
1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gloves: Always wear rubber or latex gloves to prevent skin contact, as it can
cause irritation or burns.
Eye Protection: Use safety goggles or face shields to protect your eyes from
splashes.
Masks: Wear a mask or respirator if you're working in poorly ventilated areas to
avoid inhaling dust or fumes.
Protective Clothing: Use aprons or full-body coverings to prevent contact with
skin.
2. Ventilation
Use bleaching powder in well-ventilated areas to avoid inhaling harmful fumes or
dust, especially when dissolving it in water.
3. Proper Storage

Store bleaching powder in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture, as it can react with
water to release harmful chlorine gas.

Keep it away from heat, acids, organic materials, and combustible substances, as it is a strong oxidizer and
can cause fire or explosions if not handled properly.

Ensure the container is sealed tightly to avoid contamination.

4. Handling Precautions

Always add bleaching powder to water, not the other way around, to prevent
splashing.

Use clean, dry utensils and containers when handling it, as contamination with
organic matter or metals can trigger reactions.

Do not mix it with other cleaning agents, especially ammonia or acids, as this can
release toxic chlorine gas.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, bleaching powder (calcium hypochlorite) is a highly effective and
versatile chemical with wide applications in water disinfection, sanitation, pest
control, and various industrial processes. Its affordability, availability, and potent
disinfecting properties make it a valuable tool, particularly for public health and
hygiene.

However, it must be handled with care due to its reactive nature and potential
health hazards. By following proper safety measures, including the use of personal
protective equipment, appropriate storage, and safe handling practices, the risks
associated with bleaching powder can be minimized, ensuring its safe and effective
use.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
● NCERT TEXTBOOKS CLASS XII
● WWW.CHEMISTRY.COM
● WWW.CHEMICALWIKIPEDIA.COM
● 1. World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for Drinking-water
Quality, 4th Edition. WHO, 2017.
● 1. White, G.C. “The Use of Calcium Hypochlorite in Water
Treatment.”. Journal of the American Water Works Association, vol. 92,
no. 6, 2000, pp. 97–104.
THANK YOU

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