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Md. Tanjil Sarker1, Fahmid Al Farid2, Mohammed Jaber Alam3, Gobbi Ramasamy1, Hezerul Abdul
Karim2, Sarina Mansor2, Md. Golam Sadeque4
1
PV Energy Storage Lab, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
2
Centre for Digital Home, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
3
School of Engineering and Technology, CQUniversity, Norman Gardens QLD, Australia
4
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, Bangladesh
Corresponding Author:
Gobbi Ramasamy
PV Energy Storage Lab, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University
Cyberjaya-63100, Malaysia
Email: gobbi@mmu.edu.my
1. INTRODUCTION
The annual increase in gross domestic product (GDP) serves as an indicator of a country’s
socio-economic progress. This growth rate is closely linked to the long-term energy security and stability of
the country’s energy market. The energy market encompasses various aspects such as electricity generation,
power plants, transmission and distribution infrastructure, utilities maintenance, and an effective energy
strategy to regulate the market. The fuels used for electricity generation play a crucial role as they determine
the associated costs [1]. Electricity, a secondary form of energy, is produced through the conversion of
different energy sources, including fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and renewable sources (hydro, wind,
tidal, solar, nuclear energy). However, fossil fuel-based generation poses environmental challenges due to
greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, renewable energy sources offer clean alternatives, but their conversion
to electricity presents it is own set of challenges [2]. Bangladesh, known for it is high population density and
lower-middle-income status, aims to become a high-income nation by 2041. To achieve this, the country
forecasts a net electricity demand of 61 GW by 2041 [3]. Figure 1 shown the generation capacity expansion
plans from 2021 to 2041. Currently, renewable energy sources contribute around 3% to Bangladesh’s total
electricity generation, with solar energy showing significant potential [4]. The country’s economic growth
rate has consistently remained above 6.5% since 2002, and the vision is to sustain this growth momentum [5].
Currently, Bangladesh has a power generation capacity of approximately 25,700 megawatts (MW).
However, the per capita electricity generation stands at 440 kWh, which is relatively low compared to
developed nations [6]. The country heavily relies on fossil fuels, particularly natural gas, which accounts for
about 65% of the total power generation. The remaining portion comes from coal, imported liquid fuel, and
hydropower. Despite a high electricity connectivity rate of over 97% of the population, the availability of
continuous power supply remains a challenge, resulting in load shedding for consumers. This situation is
attributed to insufficient power plants, limited energy fuel sources, inadequate hybrid power plant operations,
and a lack of effective planning to regulate the local energy market [7]. Moreover, the depletion of fossil fuel
reserves within the next decade necessitates the development of a sustainable energy policy in Bangladesh.
This policy aims to reduce dependency on domestic natural gas and various imported fuels such as coal,
liquefied natural gas (LNG), and imported hydro power.
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the energy sector in Bangladesh and presents an
optimal energy solution to facilitate the country’s long-term socio-economic development. It also looks at
installed capacity and the main energy sources in the present energy mix of the market for electricity. Along
with an analysis of the developments in the global energy industry, a variety of energy sources, including
fossil fuels (coal, natural gas) and renewable energy sources (hydropower, solar, wind, biomass, and nuclear
energy), are examined [8]. A hybrid energy system (energy mix) is recommended as the most acceptable
energy solution for Bangladesh’s demands based on an analysis of the performance metrics of the available
energy resources [9]. We are confident that our analysis and suggested energy mix scenario will pave the way
for ensuring long-term energy security in Bangladesh.
The remaining portion of the paper is structured as follows, Effects of uninterrupted energy supplies
for the sustainable development is described in section 2. Sections 3 and 4 deliver the estimated energy
demand in Bangladesh and renewable energy resources of Bangladesh, respectively. In sections 5 and 6 are
discribed the nuclear energy in Bangladesh and development challenges in power sector of Bangladesh,
respectively. Future prospects for the power sector in Bangladesh is shown in section 7. Final thoughts and
recommendations for further work are offered in section 8.
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short-term and long-term aspects. Short-term energy security focuses on the ability to quickly respond to
sudden changes in energy supply and demand, ensuring a reliable energy system [1]. Long-term energy
security involves making timely investments to meet the growing energy demand in a sustainable manner,
considering economic and environmental factors. Energy transmission and distribution play a crucial role in
maintaining energy security, requiring significant investments in infrastructure and human resources [10].
Insufficient energy security can negatively impact socio-economic development [11]. While
achieving complete energy self-sufficiency is rare, countries strive for a balance between domestic
production and imports to enhance energy security. However, reliance on imported fuels and geopolitical
uncertainties pose risks to global energy security. Therefore, a combination of domestic and imported energy
sources is essential to ensure robust energy security for sustainable economic growth [12]. Figure 2 illustrates
the key elements of energy security for clarity. Governments and policymakers play a pivotal role in ensuring
uninterrupted energy supplies for sustainable development. Comprehensive energy policies that prioritize
investments in infrastructure, promote renewable energy adoption, and improve energy efficiency can pave
the way for long-term benefits [13]. Cross-sectoral coordination, regulatory frameworks, and partnerships
with the private sector are essential for effective policy implementation.
Continuous energy sources are essential to industrial operations. When they can count on a steady
and uninterrupted power supply, industries of all sizes enjoy higher productivity and operational efficiency.
Adoption of cutting-edge technologies and innovation are fostered by a stable energy infrastructure. This in
turn encourages the emergence of new businesses and services, which boosts economic growth. The growth of
electric transportation networks, which include electric cars and effective public transit systems, is facilitated
by uninterrupted energy. This lessens the impact on the environment and helps us rely less on fossil fuels.
In order to achieve sustainable development, intelligent technologies must be incorporated into
infrastructure [14]. Powering digital communication systems, smart grids, and other technological
advancements that improve the overall efficiency of infrastructure requires uninterrupted energy. For healthcare
facilities to maintain the continuous operation of medical equipment, vaccine and medication refrigeration, and
overall healthcare delivery, reliable energy is crucial [15]. Continued power supply leads to better public health
results. Consistent energy supplies help improve education by supporting e-learning environments, supplying
energy to colleges and universities, and allowing students to regularly access learning materials.
Switching to cleaner energy sources is a necessary step towards sustainable development.
Continuous energy makes it easier to incorporate renewable energy sources, like wind and solar energy,
which lowers greenhouse gas emissions and improves the environment [16]. Uninterrupted energy supplies
have far-reaching effects on sustainable development, spanning economic growth, social well-being,
environmental sustainability, and technological progress. By recognizing the critical role of energy access
and investing in reliable and clean energy sources, countries can propel themselves towards achieving their
sustainable development goals while fostering a more resilient and inclusive society.
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Bangladesh’s energy demand has been steadily increasing due to population growth, urbanization,
and industrialization [18]. The growing need to understand the complexities of the country’s energy needs is
highlighted by the increasing demand for electricity to power homes, businesses, and public infrastructure.
The foundation of strategic energy planning is thus a thorough examination of the demand-influencing
variables, current trends, and future projections. The energy demand primarily consists of electricity, natural
gas, petroleum products, and biomass. The power sector is a major driver of energy demand, accounting for a
significant portion of the country’s energy consumption [19]. Electricity demand in Bangladesh has been
growing rapidly, driven by increased urbanization and industrialization. The demand for electricity is
influenced by factors such as economic growth, population expansion, and lifestyle changes. The government
has been making efforts to increase electrification rates, particularly in rural areas. In pursuit of its long-term
goal to become a high-income country by 2041, Bangladesh has formulated the power system master plan
(PSMP-2016) to guide it is power sector development [2]. The Bangladesh power development board
(BPDB) and other relevant agencies regularly publish energy demand forecasts and projections. These
projections take into account factors such as economic growth, population growth, technological
advancements, and policy initiatives. The government has been working to diversify it is energy mix by
increasing the share of renewable energy sources like solar and wind to meet the growing energy demand and
reduce dependency on fossil fuels [20].
The plan takes into account the projected electricity demand and growth rate, which have a direct
correlation with the country’s GDP growth rate. Table 1 presents the projected electricity demand and growth
rate, indicating a robust real GDP growth rate exceeding 8.27% until the 2020s [21]. Beyond that, the GDP
growth rate is expected to stabilize as the economy approaches a certain level of maturity. The key sectors
driving the economy of Bangladesh include the ready-made garments (RMG) industry, agriculture,
manufacturing, and commercial building sectors [22]. The performance of these sectors heavily relies on the
availability of a reliable and uninterrupted supply of electricity. To sustain a high GDP growth rate, it
becomes imperative to ensure a surplus of electricity by increasing the overall production capacity [23]. The
projected electricity demand has been calculated based on the latest data from the BPDB and the power cell,
utilizing (1) as the basis for estimation:
𝑃𝑡 = (1 + 𝑟𝑡)𝑃0 (1)
where Pt represents the value of the installed capacity of the present year, Po represents the value of the
installed capacity of the previous year, t is the time interval between the previous and present year, and r is
the growth rate. An important factor in guiding Bangladesh towards a future of resilience, inclusivity, and
sustainable growth is the country’s estimated energy consumption. Bangladesh can create a path that not only
satisfies it is present energy needs but also guarantees a stable and sustainable energy landscape for future
generations by thoroughly comprehending and addressing these energy dynamics.
power facilities seek to improve energy security and diversify the nation’s energy supply. In contrast to
natural gas, coal still makes up a smaller portion of the energy mix. The importance of raising the proportion
of renewable energy in Bangladesh’s electricity generation has grown in recent years [26]. To take advantage
of its plentiful solar resources, Bangladesh has been investing in solar energy projects, such as rooftop solar
installations and solar parks [27]. Despite it is relative lack of prominence compared to other power sources,
efforts have been made to investigate and harness wind energy for the production of electricity. Bangladesh’s
energy mix includes a small number of hydroelectric power plants, but their contribution is less than that of
other energy sources [28]. Figures 3 and 4 are representing the power production capacity (technology wise)
and sector wise power consumption pattern, respectively.
Figure 5 displays the levelized cost of energy (LCoE) for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. By the
end of 2020, the global weighted average total installed cost of solar PV systems had significantly decreased
from USD 4,602/kWp in 2015 to USD 895/kWp. There was also a discernible decrease in the Bangladeshi
situation. Technological developments that decreased the cost of solar PV components, decreased the cost of
operation and maintenance, and raised higher capacity factors (C.F.) made this advancement possible [29].
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The expansion of solar PV power penetration in Bangladesh has been aided by the more affordable mass
production of PV modules and accessories in China as well as faster imports from that country. The cost of
C.F. was steadily declining due to a number of factors, including increased use of tracking facilities in
large-scale projects, deployment in regions with relatively higher radiation, and a decrease in system losses.
Thus, in 2022, the utility-scale solar PV projects’ global weighted average LCoE is expected to be US
$69/MWh. This amount represents an 85% decrease from 2015.
Figure 5. Previous and predictable future of worldwide LCoE from different sources
About 62% of the power produced at this time was produced domestically utilizing fuels including
natural gas, coal, and hydro. Diesel and furnace oil were among the petroleum fuels imported, which made
up 28.44% of the power generated [21]. Additionally, through international energy commerce, 5% of the
electricity was imported from India. There are plans to dramatically boost the 1,160 MW of power that
Bangladesh now imports from India in the foreseeable future [30]. Various projects and proposals were being
explored to facilitate electricity trade between the two countries. These projects include the Bangladesh-India
Grid Interconnection, which aimed to establish transmission links between the two countries to facilitate
cross-border electricity exchange. Discussions were also underway regarding potential electricity cooperation
between Nepal and Bangladesh. Nepal has significant hydropower potential, and exporting surplus electricity
to neighboring countries like Bangladesh was being explored as a means of mutual benefit [31].
renewable energy is becoming more and more popular on a global scale as non-renewable fossil fuel stocks
are depleted [33]. Traditional biomass fuels, conventional hydropower, and novel renewable resources
including solar PV, wind, and biogas are the three primary categories of renewable energy sources used in
Bangladesh.
The power generation in Bangladesh heavily relies on non-renewable energy sources, particularly
natural gas, which is causing a rapid depletion of these finite resources. It is therefore essential to reduce the
dependence on non-renewable energy sources and instead harness the available renewable resources to meet
the country’s substantial energy demand. Many people residing in rural, remote, coastal, and isolated areas of
Bangladesh still lack access to electricity. However, renewable energy resources, especially biomass, have
the potential to play a crucial role in electrifying these underserved regions. Humanity has been using
biomass as an energy source for thousands of years. The potential for bio-energy in Bangladesh, as well as its
use and application of renewable energy technologies (RETs), are examined in research by Paul et al. [32].
Improved cooking stoves, biogas facilities, and biomass briquetting are examples of RETs that are often
used. The assessment takes into account the potential of animal dung, agricultural leftovers, and forest
residue. Bangladesh’s predicted total biomass resource for energy in 2021-2022, with an annual energy
potential comparable to 124.70 million tons of coal, was 249.40 million tons. The quantity of recoverable
biomass at that time was 249.40 million tons, or 2670 MW of energy.
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Kaptai hydropower facilities that are now in operation, but appropriate rehabilitation initiatives should be put
in place. Given the lack of energy in the nation, it is crucial to investigate the viability of generating extra
electricity using both conventional and mini/micro hydropower methods in order to partially satisfy future
energy demands [35].
There is also a good chance that Bangladesh’s northeastern area will support the country’s
hydroelectric industry. For this reason, a preliminary assessment was carried out by the Northeast Regional
Water Management Project (FAP-6) under the flood action plan (FAP) to identify possible sites and rivers for
hydro energy production. The primary goal of the project was to identify the most viable locations for
runoff-based, low-head hydropower plants [29]. Based on the average monthly discharges and 5 metres of
head for these ten sites, they calculated an overall potential of 161 MW and 1,410 gigawatt hours of energy
production annually. From this study, nine rivers were also determined to be appropriate. Rivers typically
have high water discharge during the rainy season and nearly dry out during the winter. Thus, during the
winter, there will be a considerable drop in power generation. The annual production of these nine rivers is
predicted to be 307 GWh, with an estimated 35 MW of power output [29]. Table 4 displays the possible
small hydropower sites district wise capacity acknowledged by BPDB and Bangladesh water development
board (BWDB). Figure 7 is shown the electricity generation in percentage from hydropower sources in
Bangladesh from 2010 to 2023.
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024
Years
Figure 7. Electricity generation in percentage from hydropower sources in Bangladesh from 2010 to 2023
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adequate sunshine for the most of the year, with the exception of the time when it rains heavily from June to
August, which is located within 20034' to 26038' north latitude. The nation has a lot of solar energy, ranging
from 4 to 7 kWh/m2/day, which is enough to meet the country’s energy needs. The solar power potential in
Bangladesh is represented in Figure 8.
Cities in the northern area that receive a lot of solar radiation all year round are Rajshahi, Rangpur,
and Dinajpur [39]. The region’s flat terrain and comparatively lower humidity levels support ideal solar
conditions. The central region includes the capital city of Bangladesh, Dhaka, and the surrounding areas.
During the dry season in particular, these areas receive comparatively high levels of solar radiation. The
availability of solar energy is facilitated by the level terrain and reduced cloud cover. Significant solar
radiation benefits the southern cities, such as Barisal, Khulna, and Jessore. The climate is influenced by the
Bay of Bengal’s proximity, with high humidity during the rainy season. The eastern states of Sylhet and
Comilla enjoy good solar radiation, particularly in the dry season. The availability of solar energy is
influenced by topography and regional weather patterns. In general, the western region-which includes cities
like Khulna and Jessore-has favourable solar conditions. Solar irradiance patterns are influenced by both
climatic variations and geographic features. Due to terrain and elevation variations, hilly areas, like those in
the Chittagong Hill Tracts (e.g., Bandarban, Rangamati), may display variations in solar irradiance [39].
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During the dry season, clear skies maximise solar exposure, even though the hilly terrain can introduce
shading effects. The proximity of the Bay of Bengal and its associated weather patterns can cause variations
in solar irradiance in coastal areas, like Cox’s Bazar.
Bangladesh has clearer skies and less cloud cover from November to March, which is known as the
dry season. Because of the increased sunshine exposure and longer daylight hours during these months, solar
PV systems typically produce higher output. The dry and wet seasons change between April and October.
Even though solar PV output is still comparatively high, weather patterns can cause some variability [40].
Monsoon rains and increased cloud cover are hallmarks of the wet season, which runs from April to
September. Because of the frequent cloud cover that reduces sunlight exposure, solar PV output may
decrease during these months.
The local meteorological patterns can have an impact on the PV power output distribution. Higher
solar energy production is typically found in areas with more sunshine and fewer cloudy days. The amount of
sunlight that PV panels receive can be influenced by the topography of the area. Solar power generation can
be increased and is more consistent in flat terrain with little shading. A major factor is the distribution of
installed PV capacity, which takes into account both distributed solar installations and utility-scale solar
farms [41]. The total PV power output will be higher in areas where solar installations are more concentrated.
Level 0: Realistic potential that ignores any restrictions on land use level 1: practical potential up to level 0,
excluding land where utility-scale PV plants are physically prevented from operating. Level 2: practical
potential at level 1, excluding land that might be subject to land use restrictions because of environmental
concerns and cropland preservation. The distribution of PV power output in Bangladesh is shown in Figure 9.
Rural populations in Bangladesh are using solar PV systems to power homes and small enterprises
in off-grid rural regions, demonstrating a growing acceptance of these technologies [42]-[45]. A significant
milestone in the country’s solar energy development is the establishment of the largest solar power plant in
Sundarganj Upazila of Gaibandha, which has been integrated into the national grid. With a capacity to
generate 200 MW of electricity, this solar power plant contributes to the government's target of achieving
10% of the total electricity generation from renewable energy sources by 2022 [6]. The power project has
been implemented at the cost of around Tk1,800 crore on a land of around 700 acres in the char areas of
Khodda and Lathshala at Tarapur Union. Located near the Teesta River, it has already become a tourist
attraction in the area. The solar power plant at Gaibandha has been fully equipped with 520,000 solar panels.
Table 5 is shown an overview of some notable solar power plants in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh is blessed with an abundance of sunlight all year round due to its tropical location.
Because of it is close proximity to the equator, the country has a high theoretical potential and consistently
high levels of solar irradiance [46]. Bangladesh has between 2,300 and 3,000 hours of sunshine on average
annually, which offers a sizable theoretical potential for the production of solar energy. Large tracts of open
land, including rooftops and vacant areas, exist in Bangladesh and have the potential to support a sizable
number of solar PV installations. Bangladesh’s larger plan to use solar energy and lessen reliance on fossil
fuels includes these solar power plants. The development of solar energy projects across the nation has been
greatly aided by government initiatives, including laws and subsidies. As Bangladesh continues to develop its
solar energy infrastructure, it is imperative to monitor new and ongoing projects. Summery statistics of the
theoretical and practical potential of PV system in Bangladesh is shown is Figure 10.
The rural electrification board (REB), a government organization, has been actively involved in
commercializing solar power solutions for home, commercial, and irrigation applications in order to promote solar
Analysis of the power sector in Bangladesh: Current trends, challenges, and future … (Md. Tanjil Sarker)
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power electrification in rural regions [47]. The government-owned company IDCOL has distributed SHS in
conjunction with partner NGOs. Despite solar energy’s relatively high production costs, attempts are being
undertaken to increase its commercial viability. Solar energy is becoming more and more popular in Bangladesh,
especially in the country’s outlying areas, and the government has put in place a number of programs to subsidize
its use. Additionally, the government intends to install solar panels with a 5 to 10 MW capacity [21].
Figure 10. Summery statistics of the theoretical and practical potential of PV system in Bangladesh
- SHS in Bangladesh
SHS are dependable power sources that deliver electricity for lighting and running tiny electric fans,
radios, and televisions. They can also charge mobile phone batteries and power direct current (DC)-driven
devices like drills and soldering irons. Larger SHS systems are capable of powering several equipment,
including computers, freezers, and pumps [48]. SHS are being distributed to those who live off the grid by
IDCOL and BREB. While BREB has dispersed around 30,000 SHS units across the country, IDCOL has
already distributed over 6 million SHS units (with an installed capacity of 250 MW) through a number of
partner organizations. Bangladesh’s SHS program has received international recognition for its innovative
approach to rural electrification. It has been showcased as a model for other countries looking to provide
clean and affordable energy solutions to underserved populations.
- Solar ırrigation system in Bangladesh
Bangladesh is an agriculture-based country, and irrigation is crucial for crop production. Solar
irrigation systems can provide reliable water supply for fields, even in remote areas with limited access to
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electricity. Solar irrigation systems reduce dependence on grid electricity or diesel generators, which can be
expensive and unreliable. An innovative technique that addresses the energy issues encountered by
economies with an agricultural foundation is solar-powered irrigation. It provides an inventive and green
solution for irrigation systems, which at the moment rely on incredibly inefficient electric and diesel pumps
[47]. Solar water pumps can eventually replace electric and diesel pumps in irrigation systems, saving huge
amounts of power and money [49], [50]. A total of 2,125 solar irrigation pumps with a 44 MW capacity have
been installed as of June 2021. The IDCOL, a government-owned financial institution, has been
implementing solar irrigation projects across Bangladesh. This initiative aims to promote sustainable energy
use in agriculture.
The 22 turbines in Cox’s Bazar wind power project generate 60 MW, which is fed into the national
grid. China’s State Power Investment Corp. (SPIC) subsidiary Wuling Power Corporation is investing in and
Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation is building the wind power project. Bangladesh has the
potential to develop a massive renewable energy generation capacity in the future. because one of the main
Analysis of the power sector in Bangladesh: Current trends, challenges, and future … (Md. Tanjil Sarker)
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goals in creating a developed nation is electricity. The findings of the pilot project indicate that there is a
potential to generate an additional 200 MW of power through wind energy.
As fossil fuel prices and CO2 emissions continue to rise, along with technological advancements and
the scaling up of renewable energy systems, it is expected that renewable-based systems will become more
cost-competitive in the future (IEA 2011). The EU has been focusing on promoting renewable energy and
energy efficiency through this package, which includes regulations and directives aimed at advancing
microgrids and distributed energy resources [55]. This directive sets binding targets for renewable energy use
and encourages member states to facilitate the integration of renewables through mechanisms like
microgrids. The government of Bangladesh has expressed interest in diversifying its energy mix and reducing
dependence on fossil fuels. The renewable energy policy, formulated in 2008, includes wind energy as one of
the priority areas for development. One of the main challenges for wind energy in Bangladesh is the
relatively low and inconsistent wind speeds in many parts of the country [56]. Wind energy projects require
consistent and sufficient wind speeds to be economically viable.
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with growing demand. Bangladesh’s heavy reliance on fossil fuels for power generation raised environmental
concerns, contributing to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions [58]. There was a growing need to
transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources [59]. Inconsistent policies and regulatory
frameworks posed challenges for investors and stakeholders in the power sector. Clear and stable policies are
essential to attract investments and foster sector growth. While Bangladesh was making efforts to diversify
its energy mix by incorporating renewable energy sources like solar and wind, integrating these sources
effectively into the grid and addressing technical challenges remained a hurdle. The power sector required
skilled manpower to manage operations, maintenance, and technological advancements [59]. Ensuring a
well-trained workforce was vital for the sector's growth and sustainability. Political instability and social
unrest could impact the implementation of long-term plans and policies in the power sector. Consensus-
building and stakeholder engagement were essential to overcome these challenges.
8. CONCLUSION
Electricity is in high demand globally and is essential for a country’s technical, economic, and social
advancement. The analysis of the power industry in Bangladesh highlights the substantial significance of
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tackling existing obstacles while embracing forthcoming prospects in order to guarantee a sustainable and
resilient energy future for the country. In recent years, Bangladesh’s power sector has achieved great
progress despite encountering obstacles such as insufficient infrastructure, transmission losses, and budgetary
limitations. This progress is evident via the growth in capacity and the diversity of energy sources.
Nevertheless, in order to maintain this progress and satisfy the increasing requirement for power, together
endeavours are required to surmount the mentioned obstacles. This calls for a comprehensive strategy that
encompasses various aspects, such as allocating resources towards the development of infrastructure,
strengthening regulatory frameworks, advocating for the utilisation of renewable energy sources, and
implementing energy efficiency measures. Furthermore, it is crucial to promote cooperation among the
government, corporate sector, and foreign partners in order to secure resources and expertise for the sector's
goals.
Looking forward, the power sector in Bangladesh holds significant potential for growth, namely in
harnessing renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, while also investigating novel technologies
and business models. Seizing these prospects will not only bolster energy security and environmental
sustainability, but also foster economic expansion and improve the overall welfare of the population. The
opportunity for Bangladesh to convert its power industry into a powerful, inclusive, and sustainable engine of
growth and development lies in its ability to address present difficulties and embrace future prospects.
Through collaborative endeavours and calculated financial commitments, the country may establish a path
towards a more promising energy future, guaranteeing dependable and cost-effective electricity availability
for its entire population, while also making a valuable contribution to worldwide initiatives aimed at reducing
the impact of climate change.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author expresses gratitude for the financial support provided by the Multimedia University,
Malaysia through the post-doctoral research fellowship programme, with the grant number MMUI/230014.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Md. Tanjil Sarker obtained his Ph.D. degree in Engineering in the Faculty of
Engineering, Multimedia University (MMU), Malaysia in 2022. He has been a Research
Scholar in the same institution for four years. He has completed his M.Sc. degree in Computer
Science and Engineering (CSE) from Jagannath University (JnU), Dhaka, Bangladesh in
2017. He received the B.Sc. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE) and MBA
degree in Human Resource Management (HRM) from Bangladesh University (BU), Dhaka,
Bangladesh in 2013 and 2015, respectively. Now he is working as post-doctoral research
fellow in the Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Malaysia. He was a graduate
student member in the IEEE Student Branch of the Malaysia Section. He has conducted many
research works in relevant fields. His research interest is in system identification, signal
processing and control, power system analysis and high voltage engineering, renewable
energy and solar system. He can be contacted at email: tanjilbu@gmail.com.
Mohammed Jaber Alam has been pursuing his Ph.D. degree from
CQuniversity, Australia. He is a research fellow at the School of Engineering and
Technology, CQUniversity. He has completed his Master of Engineering Science by research
from Multimedia University, Malaysia in 2019. He has been a Research Scholar in the same
institution for couple of years. Previously in 2016, he has completed his Bachelor of
Engineering Science degree with distinction achieving the best CGPA among the departments
from IIUC, Bangladesh. He has authored and co-authored several publications in the field of
engineering. His research interests include wireless communication, antenna systems,
electrical systems, and semiconductor electronics fields. He can be contacted at email:
alam.jaber42@gmail.com.
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 13, No. 6, December 2024: 3862-3879
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285 3879
Md. Golam Sadeque has received B.Sc. Eng. degree in Electrical and
Electronics Engineering (EEE) from Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology
(RUET) in 2011. He is pursuing a Master of Engineering Science (M.Eng.Sc.) degree under
the faculty of engineering at Multimedia University. He is also working as an assistant
professor since 23 June 2015 in the department of EEE at Pabna University of Science and
Technology (PUST), Pabna-6600, Bangladesh. His research interests include the design of
radio frequency power amplifier (RFPA) and biomedical engineering. He can be contacted at
email: msadeque.eee@pust.ac.bd.
Analysis of the power sector in Bangladesh: Current trends, challenges, and future … (Md. Tanjil Sarker)
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