Het WD 10 (2) - Merged

A Laboratory Manual for
Web Development
(3151606)
B.E. Semester 5
(Information Technology)
Institute logo
Directorate of Technical Education, Gandhinagar,

Gujarat
L. D. College Of Engineering, Ahmedabad
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. Patel Het Pinakinbhai EnrollmentNo.

220280116033 of B.E. Semester______ Information Technology of this
Institute (GTU Code: 016) has satisfactorily completed the Practical /
Tutorial work for the subject Web Development (3151606) for the
academic year 2024-25.
Place:
Date:
Name and Sign of Faculty member
Head of the Department

Web Development (3151606) Patel Het P 220280116033
Preface
Main motto of any laboratory/practical/field work is for enhancing required skills as well as
creating ability amongst students to solve real time problem by developing relevant
competencies in psychomotor domain. By keeping in view, GTU has designed competency
focused outcome-based curriculum for engineering degree programs where sufficient
weightage is given to practical work. It shows importance of enhancement of skills amongst
the students and it pays attention to utilize every second of time allotted for practical amongst
students, instructors and faculty members to achieve relevant outcomes by performing the
experiments rather than having merely study type experiments. It is must for effective
implementation of competency focused outcome-based curriculum that every practical is
keenly designed to serve as a tool to develop and enhance relevant competency required by
the various industry among every student. These psychomotor skills are very difficult to
develop through traditional chalk and board content delivery method in the classroom.
Accordingly, this lab manual is designed to focus on the industry defined relevant outcomes,
rather than old practice of conducting practical to prove concept and theory.
By using this lab manual students can go through the relevant theory and procedure in
advance before the actual performance which creates an interest and students can have basic
idea prior to performance. This in turn enhances pre-determined outcomes amongst students.
Each experiment in this manual begins with competency, industry relevant skills, course
outcomes as well as practical outcomes (objectives). The students will also achieve safety and
necessary precautions to be taken while performing practical.
This manual also provides guidelines to faculty members to facilitate student centric lab
activities through each experiment by arranging and managing necessary resources in order
that the students follow the procedures with required safety and necessary precautions to
achieve the outcomes. It also gives an idea that how students will be assessed by providing
rubrics.
In the era of digitization, the demand of Internet based applications is increasing day by
day. Web Development is one of the required skills for IT Engineer. This focuses on front- end
and back-end design. After learning Web Development students can advance their career in
the field of web development.
Utmost care has been taken while preparing this lab manual however always there is chances
of improvement. Therefore, we welcome constructive suggestions for improvement and
removal of errors if any.
Practical – Course Outcome matrix
Course Outcomes (COs):

CO-1: Understand the concepts of WWW, HTTP protocol and client-server
architecture.
CO-2: Learn and apply various HTML tags to build the user-friendly web pages.
CO-3: Explore the new features of CSS to define and apply CSS rules in the web
pages for rich User Interface.
CO-4: Create interactive web pages to improve the user experience using client-
side scripting with JavaScript.
CO-5: Design and develop fully functional dynamic web applications using the
concepts of PHP, MySQL,
CO-6: Learn and apply advanced asynchronous web communication mechanisms
like REST API, AJAX and JQuery for building highly interactive webpages.
Sr. CO CO CO CO CO CO
Objective(s) of Experiment
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Draw and explain architecture of the web browser.
1. List and explain various HTML request and response √
headers.
Create your resume using HTML (Suggested sections
of resume are Personal Information, Educational
2. Information, Professional Skills, Experience, √
Achievements, Hobbies), Experiment
with text, colors, link and lists.
Create your class time table using table tag,
3. experiment with rowspan, colspan, cellspacing and √
cellpadding attributes.
Design static web pages for your college containing a
description of the courses, departments, faculties,
4. √
library etc. Provide links for navigation among
pages.
Create User Registration Form in HTML (Suggested to
use fields like Name, Date of Birth, Gender, Email Id,
5. Mobile No.,Address, State , Education , Image Upload √
etc) using textbox, textarea, checkbox, radio
button, select box, button, file upload etc.
Create two web pages, one contains audios and other
page contains videos (using HTML5 audio and video
6 √
tags). Also provide link for navigation
between pages.
Create a web page using frame. Divide the page into
7. two parts with Navigation links on left hand side of √
page (width=20%) and content page on right hand
side of page (width = 80%). On clicking the

navigation Links corresponding content must be
shown on the right-hand side.
Design a web page of your home town with an
8. attractive background color, text color, an Image, √
font etc. (use internal CSS).
Use Inline CSS to format your resume that you
9. √
created in practical no 02.
Use External, Internal, Inline CSS to format
10. Information Technology Department Web Pages √
that you created in Practical No.04
11. Develop a java script to display today’s date. √
Develop simple calculator for addition, subtraction,

12. multiplication and division operation using java √
script.
Write a java script code to combine and display the
information in textbox when the button is clicked use √
13.
registration page that you created in Practical
No.5.
Use JavaScript to Implement validation in Practical √

14.
No.5.
Write a PHP program to check if number is prime

15. √
or not.
Use Registration Form from practical number 5 to
store user registration details in MySql database. On
16. submission next page displays all registration data in √
in html table using php. Also provide feature to
update and delete the registration data.
Write a PHP script for user authentication using
17. √
PHP-MYSQL. Use session for storing username.
Using AJAX Create visual search feature to search
18. using name for practical number 16 which list name, √
mobile number and email id of matching users.
19. Create a REST API using php. √
20. Create an Image slider using jQuery. √
21 Cookie Example √
Industry Relevant Skills
The following industry relevant competency are expected to be developed in the student
by undertaking the practical work of this laboratory.
1. HTML/CSS Skills : HTML is used extensively by web developers to build web pages.
CSS is used to implement different fonts, colors and layouts in the design of a
website.
2. Javascript Skills : Java Script is used for creating interactive web pages to improve
the user experience.
3. PHP/MySql Skills : PHP/MySql is used extensively by web developers to create
fully functional dynamic web applications.
4. REST API,AJAX,JQuery Skills : REST API, AJAX, JQuery are advanced asynchronous
web communication mechanisms and used by web developers for building highly
interactive webpages.
Guidelines for Faculty members
1. Teacher should provide the guideline with demonstration of practical to the

students with all features.
2. Teacher shall explain basic concepts/theory related to the experiment to
the students before starting of each practical
3. Involve all the students in performance of each experiment.
4. Teacher is expected to share the skills and competencies to be developed in the
students and ensure that the respective skills and competencies are developed in
the students after the completion of the experimentation.
5. Teachers should give opportunity to students for hands-on experience after the
demonstration.
6. Teacher may provide additional knowledge and skills to the students even though
not covered in the manual but are expected from the students by concerned
industry.
7. Give practical assignment and assess the performance of students based on task
assigned to check whether it is as per the instructions or not.
8. Teacher is expected to refer complete curriculum of the course and follow the
guidelines for implementation.
Instructions for Students
1. Students have to write answers / solutions of QUIZ in separate file page. The
quiz of corresponding practical must be attached just behind each practical.
2. Students are expected to carefully listen to all the theory classes delivered by the faculty
members and understand the COs, content of the course, teaching and examination
scheme, skill set to be developed etc.
3. Students shall organize the work in the group and make record of all observations.
4. Students shall develop maintenance skill as expected by industries.
5. Student shall attempt to develop related hand-on skills and build confidence.
6. Student shall develop the habits of evolving more ideas, innovations, skills etc. apart
from those included in scope of manual.
7. Student shall refer technical magazines and data books.
8. Student should develop a habit of submitting the experimentation work as per the
schedule and s/he should be well prepared for the same.
Sample Rubrics for Practical Evaluation
Understanding of Implementation of Presentation and report Total

Problem Problem writing (10
(3 marks) (4 marks) (3 marks) marks)
Excellent Moderate level Problem not

understanding of understanding of understood and
problem and 03 problem and 02 can't establish 01
Understanding
relevance with relevance with the relation with
of Problem
the theory clearly the theory clearly the theory.
understood. understood.
Efficient Moderate level of Partial
implementation implementation. implementation 01
Implementation with proper 04 Poor naming 03 with poor to
of Problem naming convention. understanding. 02
convention and
understanding
Unique Ordinary Weak
documentation documentation of documentation 01
(not copied from 03 given problem 02 of given problem to
Presentation
other sources) of with proper without proper 02
and report
given problem formatting and formatting and
writing
with proper language language
formatting and
language.
Index
(Progressive Assessment Sheet)
Sr. No. Objective(s) of Experiment Page Date of Date of Assessm Sign. of Remar
No. perfor submis ent Teacher ks
mance sion Marks with
date
1 Draw and explain architecture of the web
browser. List and explain various HTML
request and response headers.
2 Create your resume using HTML (Suggested
sections of resume are Personal Information,
Educational Information, Professional
Skills, Experience,
Achievements, Hobbies), Experiment with
text, colors, link and lists.
3 Create your class time table using table tag,
experiment with rowspan, colspan,
cellspacing and cellpadding attributes.
4 Design static web pages for your college
containing a description of the courses,
departments, faculties, library etc. Provide
links for navigation among pages.
5 Create User Registration Form in HTML
(Suggested to use fields like Name, Date of
Birth, Gender, Email Id, Mobile No.,Address,
State , Education , Image Upload etc) using
textbox, textarea, checkbox, radio button,
select box, button, file upload etc.
6 Create two web pages, one contains audios and
other page contains videos (using HTML5 audio
and video tags). Also provide link for
navigation between pages.
7 Create a web page using frame. Divide the
page into two parts with Navigation links on
left hand side of page (width=20%) and
content page on right hand side of page
(width = 80%). On clicking the navigation
Links corresponding content must be
shown on the right-hand side.
8 Design a web page of your home town with
an attractive background color, text color,
an Image, font etc. (use internal CSS).
9 Use Inline CSS to format your resume that

you created in practical no 02.
10 Use External, Internal, Inline CSS to format
Information Technology Department Web
Pages that you created in Practical No.04
11 Develop a java script to display today’s date.
12 Develop simple calculator for addition,

subtraction, multiplication and division
operation using java script.
13 Write a java script code to combine and
display the information in textbox when the
button is clicked use registration page that
you created in Practical No.5.
14 Use JavaScript to Implement validation in
Practical No.5.
15 Write a PHP program to check if number is

prime or not.
16 Use Registration Form from practical number
5 to store user registration details in MySql
database. On submission next page displays
all registration data in in html table using
php. Also provide feature to update
and delete the registration data.
17 Write a PHP script for user authentication
using PHP-MYSQL. Use session for storing
username.
18 Using AJAX Create visual search feature to
search using name for practical number 16
which list name, mobile number and email
id of matching users.
19 Create a REST API using php.
20 Create an Image slider using jQuery.
21 Create HTML form with one textbox and button.
Keep button label as SAVE. User will enter color
name in textbox and click on save button.
On save, the value of textbox color name should
be saved in COOKIE.
Whenever user opens page again, the
background color should be same as saved in
cookie.
Total
Experiment No: 1
Draw and explain architecture of the web browser. List and explain
various HTML request and response headers.
Date:
Competency and Practical Skills:
Relevant CO: 1
Objectives:
1. To understand architecture of the web browser.
2. To understand HTML request and response headers.
Theory:
WHAT’S THE BROWSER?
The browser main functionality is to present the web resource you choose, by requesting it from
the server and displaying it on the browser window. The resource format is usually HTML but
also PDF, image and more.
Figure 1 Browser Architecture
USER INTERFACE
The space where interaction between users and the browser. Most of the browsers have
common inputs for user interface:
- Address bar.
- Next and back buttons.
- Buttons for home, refresh and stop
- Bookmark web pages
BROWSER ENGINE
Browser Engine provides methods to begin the loading of URL and other high-level
browsing actions.
- Reload, Back, Forward actions
- Error messages
- Loading progress
RENDERING ENGINE
Rendering Engine interprets (render) the HTML, XML, JavaScript and generates the layout
that is displayed in the User Interface. Key component of this phase is HTML, CSS parse.
NETWORKING
Access and transfer data on the internet (calls HTTP, HTTPS, FTP). The Networking
components handles all aspects of internet communication or security.
JAVASCRIPT INTERPRETER
Component parse & executes the JavaScript that is embedded in the website. Results of the
execution a passed to the Rendering Engines for display.
DISPLAY BACKEND
Display common UI components. Drawing basic widgets like combo boxes, windows.
DATA PERSISTENCE
Storing the data on the client side.

- Cookies.
- Cache.
Basic Flow of HTML processing
Figure 2 Basis Flow of HTML Processing
HTTP Request and Response Messages
HTTP client and server communicate by sending text messages. The client sends a request
message to the server. The server, in turn, returns a response message.
An HTTP message consists of a message header and an optional message body, separated by a
blank line, as illustrated below:
HTTP Request Message
The format of an HTTP request message is as follow:
Request Headers
The request headers are in the form of name:value pairs. Multiple values, separated by
commas, can be specified.
request-header-name: request-header-value1, request-header-value2, ...
Examples of request headers are:

Host: www.xyz.com
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, */*
Accept-Language: us-en, fr, cn
Example
The following shows a sample HTTP request message:
HTTP Response Message
The format of the HTTP response message is as follows:

HTTP Request Methods
HTTP protocol defines a set of request methods. A client can use one of these request methods
to send a request message to an HTTP server.
The methods are:
 GET: A client can use the GET request to get a web resource from the server.
 HEAD: A client can use the HEAD request to get the header that a GET request would
have obtained. Since the header contains the last-modified date of the data, this can be
used to check against the local cache copy.
 POST: Used to post data up to the web server.
 PUT: Ask the server to store the data.
 DELETE: Ask the server to delete the data.
 TRACE: Ask the server to return a diagnostic trace of the actions it takes.
 OPTIONS: Ask the server to return the list of request methods it supports.
 CONNECT: Used to tell a proxy to make a connection to another host and simply reply
the content, without attempting to parse or cache it. This is often used to make SSL
connection through the proxy.
Quiz:
1. What is a web browser?
 The browser main functionality is to present the web resource you choose, by
requesting it from the server and displaying it on the browser window. The resource
format is usually HTML but also PDF, image and more.
 The web browser is an application software to explore www (World Wide Web). It
provides an interface between the server and the client and it requests to the server
for web documents and services.
2. List three most popular browser.
 Google Chrome
 Mozilla Firefox
 Microsoft Edge
3. Draw and explain architecture of the web browser
 User Interface:
o The space where interaction between users & browser most of the browsers
have common input for UI.
 Address bar
 Next & back button
 Buttons for home, refresh and stop
 Bookmark web pages
 BROWSER ENGINE:
o Browser engine provides methods to begin the loading of URL & other high
level browsing action.
 Reload, Back, Forward action
 Error message
 Loading progress
 RENDERING ENGINE:
o Interprets (render) the HTML, XML, JavaScript and generates the layouts that
is displayed in the UI.
o Key component of this phase is HTML, CSS, parse.
 NETWORKING:
o Access and transfer data on the internet (calls, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP). The
networking components handles all aspects of internet communication or
security.
 JS Interpreter:
o Component parse & executes the JS that is embedded in the website.
o Result of the execution a passed to rendering engines for display.
 Display Backend:
o Display common UI components. Drawing basic widgets like combo boxes,
windows.
 Data Persistence:
o Storing data in clint side:
 Cookies
 cache
Conclusion:
In conclusion, this experiment helped us understand the architecture of a web browser and its
essential role in retrieving, rendering, and displaying web pages. We also explored the various
HTML request and response headers that are vital for communication between a client and a
server.
Suggested Reference:
1. https://www3.ntu.edu.sg/
References used by the students:
Rubric wise marks obtained:
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 2
Create your resume using HTML (Suggested sections of resume are

Personal Information, Educational Information, Professional Skills,
Experience, Achievements, Hobbies), Experiment with text, colors, link and
list.
Date:
Relevant CO: 2
Objectives:
1. To understand HTML Page Structure.

2. To understand how to use HTML tag attributes.
Theory:
HTML :
- HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language

- It is used to display the document in the web browser
- Hypertext is simply a piece of text that works as a link
- Markup Language is a way of writing layout information within documents
HTML Document Structure
- HTML Document consists of three main parts

o DOCTYPE declaration
o <head> section
o <body> section
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> Hello World </h1> -
</body>
</html> -
- DOCTYPE specifies the document type. the document type is specified by the
Document Type Definition ( DTD ).
- <head> section is used to specify title of the page using <title> tag. It is also used for
adding external css and javascript files to html document.
How to save and check output
- Editors like notepad, notepad++, sublime text, visual studio code can be used to write
html code
- Save html document file with .html extension
- To check output open html document with browser like google chrome , Microsoft
edge, Firefox etc.
HTML Formatting Tags
- <b> text </b> - for making the text bold.

- <strong> text </strong>- for making the text Important text
- <i> text </i>- for making the text Italic text
- <em> text </em>- to make the Emphasized text
- <mark>text </mark>- to make the text Marked text
- <small> text </small>- to make the text Smaller text
- <del>text</del> - to make the text Deleted text
- <ins> text </ins>- to make the text Inserted text
- <sub> text <sub>- to make the text Subscript text
- <sup>text </sup>- to make the text Superscript text
- <h1> to <h6> tags – for making Headings
- Font Color (<font color=”red”>Hello</font>) – to change font color
- Font Size (<font size=”10px”>Hello</font>) – to change font size
HTML List Tag
- HTML List allow web developers to group a set of related items in lists
- Unordered HTML List
o Starts with <ul> tag list item starts with <li> tag
o Lists items will be marked with bullets
o Example
- Ordered HTML List
o Starts with <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
o Lists items will be marked with numbers by default
- HTML Description Lists
o A description list is a list of terms with a description of each term.

o <dl> tag defines the description list, <dt> tag defines the term (name) <dd> tag
describes each term
<dd>- Computer Engineering</dd>
<dd>- Information Technology</dd>
Implementation:
Create your resume using HTML (Suggested sections of resume are Personal Information,
Educational Information, Professional Skills, Experience, Achievements, Hobbies),
Experiment with text, colors, link and list.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Resume</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<header>
<h1>Patel Het Pinkakinbhai</h1>
</header>
<section class="contact-info">
<div class="contact-row">
<p>Contact No: +918488055151</p>
<p>Email ID: xyz@gmail.com</p>
</div>
<p>Github: https://github.com/patelhet</p>
<p>Portfolio: https://portfolio.com</p>
</div>
<p>LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/patel-het-103822257/</p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="education">
<h2>Education</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<strong>Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology</strong><br>
L.D. College of Engineering , 2022-2026 <br>
CGPA: 8.0/10
</li>
<li>
<strong>12th Science A group (Gujrat Board)</strong><br>
Shakti School, 2020 - 2022 <br>
Percentage: 88%
</li>
<li>
<strong>10th (Gujrat Board)</strong><br>
Leo School of science and commerce, 2018 - 2020
<br> Percentage: 85%
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="skills">
<h2>Skills</h2>
<ul>
<li>Programming Languages: Java, JavaScript, Python, C/C++</li>
<li>Web Technologies: HTML, CSS, React</li>
<li>Database Management: MySQL, MongoDB</li>
<li>Version Control: Git, GitHub</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="projects">
<h2>Projects</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<strong>E-Commerce Website (netflix Clone)</strong><br>
HTLM , CSS , JavaScript , React , MongoDB<br>
<u>Specifications:</u>
<ul>
<li>An online store with user fraindly UI , product listings, shopping cart functionality, and a
checkout process.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<strong>Chat Application</strong><br>
HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Node.js, Socket.io, MongoDB<br>
<ul>
<li>A real-time chat application with user authentication and support for multiple chat
rooms.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<strong>ToDo App</strong><br>
HTML , CSS , JavaScript , React , Firebase<br>
<ul>
<li>A task management application that allows users to add, edit, and delete tasks, with the
ability to mark tasks as completed.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<strong>Weather App</strong><br>
HTML, CSS, JavaScript, API (OpenWeatherMap)<br>
<ul>
<li>A weather application that provides current weather information based on the user's
location or a searched city.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="achievments">
<h2>Achievments</h2>
<ul>
<li>
- Completed a Full Stack Web Development Bootcamp
</li>
<li>
- Completed a Python for Data Science Bootcamp
</li>
<li>
- Contributed to many events on and off campus in Tech-Fields
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Conclusion:
In conclusion, this experiment allowed us to create a personalized resume using HTML, giving us
the opportunity to showcase important sections like personal information, education, skills, and
hobbies. By experimenting with text, colors, links, and lists, we gained hands-on experience in
organizing content effectively and improving the visual appeal of a webpage. This exercise helped
us understand how to use HTML to create structured and attractive layouts, which is a
fundamental skill in web development. Overall, it was a valuable and practical way to apply what
we’ve learned in web design.
Quiz:
1. Explain HTML Document Structure.

 Main parts :
o DOCTYPE declaration
o <head> section
o <body> section
 Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> Page Title </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> Hello World </h1>
</body>
</html>
 DOCTYPE specifies the document type. The document type is specified by the
document type definition (DTD).
 <head> section is used to specify title of the page using <title> tag.
 It is also used for adding external CSS and JS files to html document.
2. List and explain any five HTML formatting tags.

 <mark>text </mark> to make the text Marked text
 <del>text</del> to make the text Deleted text
 <ins> text </ins>- to make the text Inserted text
 <sub> text <sub>- to make the text Subscript text
 <sup>text </sup>- to make the text Superscript text
3. Explain ordered and unordered list with example.

 Unordered HTML List
o Starts with <ul> tag list item starts with <li> tag
o Lists items will be marked with bullets
o Example:
<ul>
<li>C</li>
<li>C++</li>
<li>Java</li>
</ul>
- https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_basic.asp
- https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_lists.asp
- https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_formatting.asp
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 3
Create your class time table using table tag, experiment with rowspan,
colspan, cellspacing and cellpadding attributes.
Date:
Relevant CO: 2
Objectives:
1. To study HTML table tag

2. To study how to organize data in tabular format
Theory:
HTML Table Tag
- HTML tables allow web developers to arrange data into rows and columns.
- The <table> tag defines an HTML table.
- table row is defined with a <tr> tag.
- table header is defined with a <th> tag.
- text in <th> elements are bold and centered.
- Each table data/cell is defined with a <td>.
- By default, the text in <td> elements are regular and left-aligned.
- colspan attribute is used to make a cell span more than one column.
- rowspan attriute is used to make a call span more than one row.
- cellpadding represents the distance between cell borders and the content within a
cell.
- The cellspacing attribute defines space between table cells.
- Example
o Below code is for arranging car details in tabular format.
o You may stude table tag and output as below.
Code Output
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Color</th>
<th>Price</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Swift VXI</td>
<td>Red</td>
<td>800000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Vagon R</td>
<td>White</td>
<td>600000</td>
</tr>
</table>
Implementation:
Create your class time table using table tag, experiment with rowspan, colspan, cellspacing
and cellpadding attributes.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Time Table</title>
<style>
table,h1{
text-align: center;
padding: 50px;
margin: auto;
width: 50%;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
th{
background-color: #f2f2f2;
}
table, th, td{
border: 1px solid black;
}
td{
text-align: center;
padding: 15px
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Time Table Sem - 5 (IT)</h1>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Time</th>
<th>10:30</th>
<th>11:30</th>
<th>1:00</th>
<th>2:00</th>
<th>3:15</th>
<th>4:15</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Day</th>
<th>11:30</th>
<th>12:30</th>
<th>2:00</th>
<th>3:00</th>
<th>4:15</th>
<th>5:15</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Monday</th>
<td>IPDC</td>
<td>PE</td>
<td colspan="2">CN</td>
<td>WD</td>
<td>PE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Tuesday</th>
<td>CN</td>
<td>CN</td>
<td colspan="2">WD</td>
<td>WD</td>
<td>WD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Wednesday</th>
<td>ADA</td>
<td>ADA</td>
<td colspan="2">D.SCI</td>
<td colspan="2">Library</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Thursday</th>
<td>CN</td>
<td>CN</td>
<td>ADA</td>
<td>ADA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Friday</th>
<td>IPDC</td>
<td>PE</td>
<td colspan="2">ADA</td>
<td>D.SCI</td>
<td>D.SCI</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Saturday</th>
<td colspan="4">DE</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Conclusion:
In conclusion, this experiment helped us create a class timetable using the HTML table tag,
allowing us to structure and display information in a clear and organized way. By experimenting
with attributes like rowspan, colspan, cellspacing, and cellpadding, we learned how to manage
the layout and appearance of the table, ensuring it is both functional and visually appealing. This
hands-on task reinforced our understanding of table formatting in HTML, which is essential for
presenting data effectively in web development projects.
Quiz:
1. Explain the use of rowspan and colspan attributes in table tag.

 rowspan:
o used to make a cell span more than one row
<td rowspan=”2” num_of_rows> content </td>
 Example:
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2"> cell 1</td>
<td> cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> cell 3</td>
</tr>
</table>
 colspan:
o used to make a cell span more than one column
<td colspan=”2” num_of_col> content </td>
 Example:
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> cell 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> cell 2</td>
<td> cell 3</td>
</tr>
</table>
2. Differentiate between <td> and <th>.
<td> <th>
Purpose Used to define standard table Used to define header cells in a

data table
Default Alignment Left-aligned (text) Center-aligned (text)

Text Formatting Normal font styling Bold font styling
Position in Table Can appear in any row Typically used in the first row or
first column to denote headers
Scope Attribute Does not use the scope Can use scope attribute to specify
attribute header's relation to data
(e.g., scope="col" or scope="row")
Semantic Meaning Represents cell data Represents cell headers (labels for
columns or rows)
Accessibility Role Regular cell Helps with screen readers and
accessibility tools for better table
navigation
Tag Meaning Table Data Cell Table Header Cell
 https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_tables.asp
References used by the students: (Sufficient space to be provided)
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 4
Design static web pages for your college containing a description of the
courses, departments, faculties, library etc. Provide links for navigation
among pages.
Date:
Relevant CO: 2
Objectives:
1. To study HTML Link.
Theory:
HTML Links:
- Links allow users to click their way from page to page.

- User can click on a link and jump to another document.
- When you move the mouse over a link, the mouse arrow will turn into a little hand.
- Syntax
o <a href="url"> link text </a>
- Example
<a href=https://www.gecmodasa.ac.in/ target=”_blank”>Visit GEC
Modasa</a>
- links will appear as follows in all browsers:
o An unvisited link is underlined and blue
o A visited link is underlined and purple
o An active link is underlined and red
- HTML Link Taget Attribute
o By default, the linked page will be displayed in the current browser window. To
change this, you must specify another target for the link.
o The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document.
o The target attribute can have one of the following values:
 _self - Default. Opens the document in the same window/tab as it was
clicked
 _blank - Opens the document in a new window or tab
 _parent - Opens the document in the parent frame
 _top - Opens the document in the full body of the window
Implementation:
Design static web pages for your college containing a description of the courses, departments,
faculties, library etc. Provide links for navigation among pages.
 Home.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>L.D. College of Engineering - Home Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Welcome to L.D. College of Engineering</h1>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="home.html" target="_self">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="courses.html" target="_blank">Courses</a></li>
<li><a href="Departments.html" target="_blank">Departments</a></li>
<li><a href="Faculty.html" target="_blank">Faculty</a></li>
<li><a href="Library.html" target="_blank">Library</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<br><hr><hr>
<img src="https://ldce.ac.in/img/sliders/safeguard-your-future-
gIe02l.jpg" alt="" style="width: 100%;">
<br><hr><hr>
<main>
<section>
<h2>About Us</h2>
<p>Welcome to our prestigious college, offering a wide range of
courses and a vibrant campus life.</p>
</section>
</main>
<footer>
<p>© 2024 College Name. All rights reserved.</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
 Courses.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Courses</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="courses.html" target="_self">Courses</a></li>
<li><a href="Departments.html"
target="_blank">Departments</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<br><hr><hr>
<main>
<h1>Courses</h1>
<p>Here you will find a list of courses offered at our college.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="courses1.html">BE Courses </a></li>
<li><a href="#">Working Professional Courses</a></li>
<li><a href="#">PG Courses</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Full time PhD - ADF</a></li>
</ul>
</main>
<br><hr><hr>
<footer>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
 Courses1.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Courses</title>
<style>
table,th,td{
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="home.html">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="courses.html">Courses</a></li>
<li><a href="Departments.html">Departments</a></li>
<li><a href="Faculty.html">Faculty</a></li>
<li><a href="Library.html">Library</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<br><hr><hr>
<h1>BE courses</h1>
<br>
<table >
<tr>
<th>Sr.no</th>
<th>Name of Course</th>
<th>Period (years)</th>
<th>Intake</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td><a href="#">Information Technology</a></td>
<td>4</td>
<td>120</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td><a href="#">Computer Engineering</a></td>
<td>4</td>
<td>120</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td><a href="#">Mechanical Engineering</a></td>
<td>4</td>
<td>120</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td><a href="#">Electrical Engineering</a></td>
<td>4</td>
<td>120</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td><a href="#">Civil Engineering</a></td>
<td>4</td>
<td>120</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br><hr><hr>
<footer>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
 Departments.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Departments</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="Departments.html" target="_self">Departments</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<br><hr><hr>
<main>
<h1>Departments</h1>
<p>Here you will find a list of Departments offered at our college.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="/P10/P10.html" target="_blank">Information Technology</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Computer Engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Mechanical Engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Electrical Engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Civil Engineering</a></li>
</ul>
</main>
<br><hr><hr>
<footer>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
 faculty.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Faculty Details</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="Faculty.html" target="_self">Faculty</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<br><hr><hr>
<main>
<h1>Faculty Department wise</h1>
<p>Here you will find a list of Faculties according to the Departments</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="facultyIT.html" target="_self">Information
Technology</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Computer Engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Mechanical Engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Electrical Engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Civil Engineering</a></li>
</ul>
</main>
<br><hr><hr>
<footer>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
 facultyIT.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Faculty Details</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="home.html">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="courses.html">Courses</a></li>
<li><a href="Departments.html">Departments</a></li>
<li><a href="Faculty.html">Faculty</a></li>
<li><a href="Library.html">Library</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<br><hr><hr>
<main>
<h1>IT Department Faculty List</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Dr. Hiteishi Diwanji</strong> - (Head of Department)</li>
<li><strong>Dr. Mehul Parikh</strong> - (Associate Professor)</li>
<li><strong>BAKULBHAI PANCHAL</strong> - (Associate Professor)</li>
<li><strong>Miss. Mital Panchal</strong> - (Associate Professor)</li>
<li><strong>Dr. PURVI RAMANUJ</strong> - (Associate Professor)</li>
</ul>
</main>
<br><hr><hr>
<footer>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
 Library.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Library</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="Library.html" target="_self">Library</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<br><hr> <hr>
<main>
<h2>Library</h2>
<p>Here you will find information about our library and its
resources.</p>
<img src="https://ldce.ac.in/img/sliders/library/1.jpg" alt="library">
</main>
<footer>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Home page Library page
Courses page BE Courses

Departments Faculty
IT dept Faculty
Conclusion:
In this web development experiment, we designed a set of static web pages for our college, creating a
simple yet effective online presence. By outlining the college's courses, departments, faculties, and
library, we provided a clear and organized overview of our institution. The inclusion of navigation links
between pages ensures that users can easily access and explore different sections of the site. This project
not only helped us practice basic web design skills but also highlighted the importance of creating user-
friendly and informative web pages.
Quiz:
1. Explain HTML Link target attribute.

 The target attribute in an HTML anchor (<a>) tag specifies where to open the
linked document. It controls whether the link opens in the same tab, a new tab, a
specific frame, or a browser window.
2. How to use image as a link?

 To use an image as a link in HTML, you simply place an <img> tag inside an <a> (anchor)
tag. This way, when users click on the image, it will act as a clickable link
 https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_links.asp
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 5
Create User Registration Form in HTML (Suggested to use fields like Name,
Date of Birth, Gender, Email Id, Mobile No.,Address, State , Education , Image
Upload etc) using textbox, textarea, checkbox, radio button, select box,
button, file upload etc.
Date:
Relevant CO: 2
Objectives:
1. To study HTML Form Tag.

2. To Study Various Input Types like textbox, password, radio button, checkbox etc.
Theory:
HTML Forms are required, when .

- For example for registration you may collect information like user name , email ,
contact number, address etc.
- A form will take input from the site visitor and then will post it to a back-end
application such as CGI, ASP Script or PHP script etc.
- The back-end application will perform required processing on the passed data based
on defined business logic inside the application.
- There are various form elements available like text fields, textarea fields, drop-down
menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.
- The HTML <form> tag is used to create an HTML form
- Syntax :
<form action = "Script URL" method = "GET|POST">
form elements like input, textarea etc.
</form>
- Important form attributes are as given below

- HTML Form Controls
Control Name Used for Sample Code
Text input control Textbox is used for

<input type = "text" name =
accepting text from
Single line text input "first_name" />
user, like firstname,
control lastname etc
Text input control Password input control

< input type = "password" name =
is used to accept
Password input "password" />
password from user.
control
Text input control Teaxtarea is used to

<textarea rows = "5" cols = "50"
accept multiline text
Multiline input name = "description">
input , like comments.
control.
Enter description here...
</textarea>
Checkbox Control Checkboxes are used

<input type = "checkbox" name =
when more than one
"maths" value = “maths"> Maths
option is required to be
selected. <input type = "checkbox" name =
"physics" value = “physics"> name =
"password" />
Radio Button Radio buttons are used

Controls when out of many <input type = "radio" name =
options, just one option "subject" value = "maths"/> Maths
is required to be
selected. <input type = "radio" name =
"subject" value = "physics"/> Physics
Drop Down box provides option to list

<select name = "dropdown">
Control down various options
in the form of drop <option value = "Maths"
down list, from where a selected>Maths</option>
user can select one or
more options. <option value =
"Physics">Physics</option>
</select>
File Upload It allows site users to

<input type = "file" name =
upload a file to
"fileupload" accept = "image/*" />
website.it is also known
as file select box.
Button Control This creates a button

that automatically <input type = "submit" name =
Submit submits a form. "submit" value = "Submit" />
Button Control This creates a button

that automatically
Reset <input type = "reset" name =
resets form controls to
"reset" value = "Reset" />
their initial values.
Button Control This creates a button <input type = "button" name =

that is used to trigger a "ok" value = "OK" />
Button client-side script when
the user clicks that
button.
Button Control This creates a clickable <input type = "image" name =

button but we can use an "imagebutton" src =
Image image as "/html/images/logo.png" />
background of the
button.
Hidden Control Hidden form controls <input type = "hidden" name =

are used to hide data "pagename" value = "10" />
inside the page which
later on can be pushed
to the server. This
control hides inside the
code and does not
appear on the actual
page.
Implementation:
Create User Registration Form in HTML (Suggested to use fields like Name, Date of Birth, Gender,
Email Id, Mobile No.,Address, State , Education , Image Upload etc) using textbox, textarea,
checkbox, radio button, select box, button, file upload etc
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>P-5 User Registration Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>User Registration Form</h2>

<form action="#" method="post" >

<label for="name">Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" name="name" placeholder="Enter your name"
required>
<br><br>


<label for="dob">Date of Birth:</label>
<input type="date" id="dob" name="dob" required>
<br><br>


<label>Gender:</label>
<input type="radio" id="male" name="gender" value="Male" required>
<label for="male">Male</label>
<input type="radio" id="female" name="gender" value="Female">
<label for="female">Female</label>
<br><br>


<label for="email">Email Id:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your
email" required>
<br><br>


<label for="mobile">Mobile No.:</label>
<input type="tel" id="mobile" name="mobile" placeholder="Enter your
mobile number" pattern="[0-9]{10}" required>
<br><br>


<label for="address">Address:</label><br>
<textarea id="address" name="address" rows="5" cols="30"
placeholder="Enter your address" required></textarea>
<br><br>


<label for="state">State:</label>
<select id="state" name="state" required>
<option value="">Select your state</option>
<option value="State1">State1</option>
</select>
<br><br>


<label>Education:</label>
<input type="checkbox" id="undergraduate" name="education[]"
value="Undergraduate">
<label for="undergraduate">Undergraduate</label>
<input type="checkbox" id="postgraduate" name="education[]"
value="Postgraduate">
<label for="postgraduate">Postgraduate</label>
<input type="checkbox" id="diploma" name="education[]"
value="Diploma">
<label for="diploma">Diploma</label>
<br><br>
<label for="profile_pic">Upload Profile Image:</label>

id="profile_pic" name="profile_pic"
<button type="submit">Register</button>
Output :
Conclusion:
In this experiment, we created a comprehensive user registration form using HTML, incorporating
various input elements such as text boxes, text areas, checkboxes, radio buttons, select boxes, buttons,
and file upload fields. The form includes essential fields like Name, Date of Birth, Gender, Email Id,
Mobile Number, Address, State, Education, and Image Upload, providing a complete and interactive
registration experience. This exercise allowed us to practice integrating different HTML form elements
and understanding their functionalities, ultimately creating a well-structured and user-friendly form
for collecting user information.
Quiz:
1. Explain form tag with its attributes.

 The <form> tag in HTML is used to create a form for user input. It serves as a
container for different types of input elements like text fields, radio buttons,
checkboxes, submit buttons, etc. Forms are essential for sending data to a server
for processing.
 Key Attributes are action, method, name, etc.
2. Differentiate between text input and password input controls.
Feature Text Input Password Input
Visibility Shows characters as typed Masks characters (e.g., dots)
Usage For non-sensitive data (e.g., For sensitive data (e.g.,

name) password)
Security No security protection for Provides basic privacy (but not

input encryption
3. Explain various types of buttons available in HTML.
Button Behaviour
Type
Submit Submits form data
Reset Clears all form fields
Button Custom button, can be linked to JavaScript

actions
Image Submits the form when an image is clicked
Radio Allows selection of one option from a group
Checkbox Allows selection of multiple options
 https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_forms.asp

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 6
Create two web pages, one contains audios and other page contains videos
(using HTML5 audio and video tags). Also provide link for navigation
between pages.
Date:
Relevant CO: 2
Objectives:
1. To study how to add audio and video content in html page.
Theory:
HTML Video
The HTML <video> element is used to show a video on a web page.
Example :
<video width="320" height="240" controls>

<source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4">
<source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>
The controls attribute adds video controls, like play, pause, and volume.
The <source> element allows you to specify alternative video files which the browser may
choose from. The browser will use the first recognized format.
The text between the <video> and </video> tags will only be displayed in browsers that do not
support the <video> element.
HTML Audio
The HTML <audio> element is used to play an audio file on a web page.
<audio controls>
<source src="horse.ogg" type="audio/ogg">
<source src="horse.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>
The controls attribute adds audio controls, like play, pause, and volume.
The <source> element allows you to specify alternative audio files which the browser may
choose from. The browser will use the first recognized format.
Implementation:
Create two web pages, one contains audios and other page contains videos (using HTML5
audio and video tags). Also provide link for navigation between pages.
 Audio.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>P-6 Audio Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Audio Page</h1>
<hr><hr>

<h3>Audio 1: Sample Audio</h3>
<audio controls>
<source src="sample-audio.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio tag.
</audio>
<hr>

<h3>Audio 2: Sample Audio</h3>
<audio controls>
<source src="sample-audio2.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio tag.
</audio><hr><br>


<a href="video.html" class="nav-link">Go to Video Page</a>
</body>
</html>
 Video.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>P-6 Video Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Video Page</h1>
<hr><hr>

<h3>Video 1: Sample Video</h3>
<video controls>
<source src="sample-video.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
<hr>

<h3>Video 2: Sample Clip</h3>
<video controls>
<source src="sample-video2.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video><hr><br>


<a href="audio.html" class="nav-link">Go to Audio Page</a>
</body>
</html>
Output: Audio page Video page

Conclusion:
In this experiment, we created two distinct web pages: one dedicated to audio content and the other to
video content, utilizing HTML5's audio and video tags. The audio page features various sound files that
users can play directly from the browser, while the video page showcases video clips for streaming.
Navigation links between these pages were also provided, ensuring a seamless user experience. This
project helped us explore and implement multimedia elements in HTML5, enhancing our
understanding of how to integrate and manage different types of media on the web.
Quiz:
1. Explain audio and video tags.
 The <audio> tag is used to embed audio files into a web page. It allows you to play sound files
such as music or other audio content.
 The most common audio formats supported are MP3, WAV, and Ogg. The tag provides built-in
controls like play, pause, and volume adjustment to enhance user interaction with the audio.
 The <video> tag is used to embed video files in a web page. Like the <audio> tag, it supports
multiple formats, such as MP4 and Ogg.
 The <video> element provides users with controls to play, pause, fast-forward, rewind, and adjust
the volume, along with additional features like full-screen viewing.
 https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_media.asp
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 7
Create a web page using frame. Divide the page into two parts with
Navigation links on left hand side of page (width=20%) and content page
on right hand side of page (width = 80%). On clicking the navigation Links
corresponding content must be shown on the right-hand side.
Date:
Relevant CO: 2
Objectives:
1. To study frame and frameset to divide page multiple sections.

2. To understand about use of target attribute to open web page in target frame.
Theory:
The <frame> tag was used in HTML 4 to define one particular window (frame) within a
<frameset>
HTML frames are used to divide your browser window into multiple sections where each
section can load a separate HTML document.
A collection of frames in the browser window is known as a frameset.
The window is divided into frames in a similar way the tables are organized: into rows and
columns.
Creating Frames
To use frames on a page we use <frameset> tag instead of <body> tag.

The <frameset> tag defines, how to divide the window into frames. The rows attribute of
<frameset> tag defines horizontal frames and cols attribute defines vertical frames.
Each frame is indicated by <frame> tag and it defines which HTML document shall open into
the frame.
The <frameset> Tag Attributes
Example : example to create three horizontal frames
<frameset rows = "10%,80%,10%">

<frame name = "top" src = "./rows_demo_pages/top_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "main" src = "./rows_demo_pages/main_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "bottom" src = "./rows_demo_pages/bottom_frame.htm" />
<noframes>
<body>Your browser does not support frames.</body>
</noframes>
</frameset>
in below implementation use target attribute in navigation link to open page in specific frame.
Implementation:
Create a web page using frame. Divide the page into two parts with Navigation links on left hand
side of page (width=20%) and content page on right hand side of page (width = 80%). On
clicking the navigation Links corresponding content must be shown on the right-hand side.
 Index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>P-7 Web Page with Frames</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
</head>
<body>

<div class="nav">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<a href="page1.html" target="contentFrame">Page 1</a>
</div>


<div class="content">
<iframe name="contentFrame" src="page1.html"></iframe>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
 Page1.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Page 1</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to Page 1</h1>
<p>This is the content of Page 1.</p>
</body>
</html>
 Page2.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
 Page3.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
 Style.css
body,html {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
height: 100%;
display: flex;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}
.container {
display: flex;
width: 100%;
height: 100vh;
}
.nav {
width: 20%;
background-color: #f0f0f0;
padding: 20px;
box-shadow: 2px 0 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
.nav a {
display: block;
padding: 10px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
text-decoration: none;
color: #333;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
text-align: center;
background-color: #e0e0e0;
}
.nav a:hover {
background-color: #ccc;
}
.content {
width: 80%;
}
iframe {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
border: none;
}
Output:
Conclusion: (Sufficient space to be provided)
In this experiment, we created a web page using frames to divide the layout into two distinct sections.
The left side of the page, occupying 20% of the width, contains navigation links, while the right side,
taking up 80% of the width, displays the content corresponding to the selected navigation link. Clicking
on a link in the navigation pane updates the content displayed on the right-hand side. This setup
demonstrates how frames can be used to organize and present content effectively, allowing for a
structured and interactive user experience.
Quiz:
1. Explain about rows and cols attribute of frame tag.

 rows:
 Divides the window into horizontal sections. You specify the height of
each frame, separated by commas. You can use pixel values, percentage
values, or an asterisk (*) to specify the height.
 For example, rows="100, 200, *" creates three horizontal frames: the
first one is 100 pixels high, the second is 200 pixels, and the third takes
up the remaining space.
 cols:
 Divides the window into vertical sections. You specify the width of each
frame, separated by commas, using pixel values, percentages, or an asterisk
(*) to fill the remaining space.
 For example, cols="200, *" creates two vertical frames: the first is 200 pixels
wide, and the second takes up the remaining width of the window.
2. Which tag embed an inline frame in a web page?

 The <iframe> tag is used to embed an inline frame (a frame inside a web page)
in HTML. An inline frame is used to embed another HTML document within
the current page.
3. Which attribute in frame tag is used to specifies the web page to load into that frame?
 The src attribute in the <frame> or <iframe> tag is used to specify the URL of
the web page or resource to load into that frame.
 The value of the src attribute is the path to the webpage you want to display
inside the frame.
 For example, in an <iframe>, the src="example.html" attribute loads the page
example.html into the frame.
 https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_frameset.asp
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 8
Design a web page of your home town with an attractive background color,
text color, an Image, font etc. (use internal CSS).
Date:
Relevant CO: 3
Objectives:
1. To understand how CSS works.
Theory:
Introduction To CSS
- CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

- CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed.
- CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once
- External stylesheets are stored in CSS files
- HTML was NEVER intended to contain tags for formatting a web page!. HTML was
created to describe the content of a web page.
- When tags like <font>, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it
started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large websites, where fonts and
color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive process.
- To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS.
- CSS removed the style formatting from the HTML page!
CSS Syntax
- A CSS rule-set consists of a selector and a declaration block:

- The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.
- The declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons.
- Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value, separated by a colon.
- declaration blocks are surrounded by curly braces.
Example: In this example all <p> elements will be center-aligned, with a red text color
Code Output
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
p{
color: red;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello World!</p>
<p>These paragraphs are styled
with CSS.</p>
</body>
</html>
- p is a selector in CSS (it points to the HTML element you want to style: <p>).
- color is a property, and red is the property value
- text-align is a property, and center is the property value
CSS Selectors
- CSS Element Selector

o The element selector selects HTML elements based on the element name.
o Example:
- The CSS id Selector
o The id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML element to select a specific

element.
o The id of an element is unique within a page, so the id selector is used to select
one unique element!
o To select an element with a specific id, write a hash (#) character, followed by
the id of the element.
o Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
#para1 {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p id="para1">Hello World!</p>
<p>This paragraph is not affected
by the style.</p>
</body>
</html>
- CSS Class Selector
o The class selector selects HTML elements with a specific class attribute.
o To select elements with a specific class, write a period (.) character, followed by
the class name.
o Example
 In this example all HTML elements with class="center" will be red and
center-aligned:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.center {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1 class="center">Red and center-
aligned heading</h1>
<p class="center">Red and center-
aligned paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
- CSS Universal Selector
o The universal selector (*) selects all HTML elements on the page.
o Example
-
<!DOCTYPE html>
<h1>Hello world!</h1>
<p id="para1">Me too!</p>

<p>And me!</p>
- CSS Grouping Selector
o The grouping selector selects all the HTML elements with the same style
definitions.
o To group selectors, separate each selector with a comma.
o Example:
- The CSS Pseudo Class Selector
o Some selectors can be considered different because of the way the element they
belong to works.
o For example the anchor that creates a link between documents can have pseudo
classes attached to it simply because it is not known at the time of writing the
markup what the state will be.
o It could be visited , not visited , or in the process of being selected.
o CSS pseudo-classes are used to add special effects to some selectors. You do not
need to use JavaScript or any other script to use those effects.
o selector:pseudo-class {property: value}
o CSS classes can also be used with pseudo-classes
o selector.class:pseudo-class {property: value}
o Example
- Types Of CSS
o External CSS
o Internal CSS
o Inline CSS
- Internal CSS
o An internal style sheet may be used if one single HTML page has a unique style.
o The internal style is defined inside the <style> element, inside the head section.
o Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<style>
background-color: linen;
-CSS Background Color
- The background-color property specifies the background color of an element.

- With CSS, a color is most often specified by:
o a valid color name - like "red"
o a HEX value - like "#ff0000"
o an RGB value - like "rgb(255,0,0)"
Example:
background-color: lightblue;
-CSS Text Color
- text color can be set using color property

Example:
<h1 style="color:Tomato;">Hello
Implementation:
Design a web page of your home town with an attractive background color, text color, an
Image, font etc. (use internal CSS).
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>P-8 Rajkot</title>
<style>
body {
background-color: #023047;
font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
color: #023047;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.container {
background: #8ecae6;
width: 80%;
border: 20px solid #219ebc;
max-width: 1200px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 20px;
text-align: center;
border-radius: 10px;
}
h1 {
color: #023047;
font-size: 3em;
background: #fb8500;
}
p {
font-size: 1.2em;
line-height: 1.6;
background: #ffb703;
}
.image-container {
margin: 20px 0;
}
.image-container img {
width: 70%;
box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to My Hometown Rajkot</h1>
<div class="image-container">
<img src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FPvmePsVEAUPvtx.jpg"
alt="Beautiful view of my hometown">
</div>
<p>
Rajkot is a place of scenic beauty, rich history, and vibrant
culture. The natural landscapes, the warmth of the people, and the traditions
passed down through generations make it a unique place to live. Whether it's
the rolling hills, the bustling market squares, or the quiet riverside paths,
there's always something special to discover.
</p>
<p>
Come visit and experience the charm of my hometown for yourself!
</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Conclusion:
In this experiment, we designed a visually appealing web page showcasing our hometown. Using
internal CSS, we enhanced the page with an attractive background color and carefully chosen text color to
ensure readability and aesthetic appeal. An image representing the town was included to provide a
visual connection to the content. We also selected appropriate fonts to enhance the overall design. This
exercise allowed us to practice applying internal CSS to create a cohesive and engaging web page that
highlights the beauty and features of our hometown.
Quiz:
1. Explain the syntax of the CSS.

 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style HTML elements. The syntax
consists of:
o Selector: This specifies which HTML element(s) the style will be applied to.
o Declaration Block: This contains one or more declarations enclosed in curly
braces. Each declaration includes:
 Property: The style attribute you want to change (e.g., color, font-size).
 Value: The value assigned to the property (e.g., red, 20px).
2. What is internal CSS ?

 Internal CSS refers to the use of CSS within the <style> tag placed inside the
<head> section of an HTML document.
 It allows you to apply styles to the whole page or a portion of it without creating
an external stylesheet file. Internal CSS is typically used when you want to style a
single page.
3. Explain CSS class and Id selector.

 Class Selector: Targets multiple elements that share the same class attribute.
It allows for styling several elements with similar attributes by referencing the
class name.
 ID Selector: Targets a unique element with a specific ID attribute. An ID should be
unique within a page and is used for styling a single, distinct element.
 https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_syntax.asp
 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-css-cascading-style-sheet/
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 9
Use Inline CSS to format your resume that you created in practical no 02.
Date:
Relevant CO: 3
Objectives:
1. To understand the use of Inline CSS.

Theory:
Internal CSS
- An inline style may be used to apply a unique style for a single element.
- To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the relevant element. The style attribute
can contain any CSS property.
Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<h1 style="color:blue;text-align:center;">This is a heading</h1>
Implementation:
Use Inline CSS to format your resume that you created in practical no 02.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>P-9 Resume</title>
</head>
<body >
<div class="container" style="width: 60%; margin: 0px auto; border: 1px solid
black; padding: 10px;">
<header style="text-align: center; padding: 20px 0;">
<h1 style="margin: 0;">Patel Het Pinakinbhai</h1>
</header>
<section style="margin-bottom: 20px;" class="contact-info">
<div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin: -

25px auto;">
<p>Contact No: +918488055151</p>
<p>Email ID: xyz@gmail.com</p>
</div>
25px auto;">
<p>Github: https://github.com/PatelHet</p>
<p>Portfolio: https://portfolio.com</p>
</div>
25px auto;">
<p>LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/patel-het-
103822257/</p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="education">
<h2 style="border-bottom: 2px solid black; padding-bottom:
5px;">Education</h2>
<ul style="list-style-type: none; padding: 0;">
<li style="margin-bottom:10px;">
<strong>Bachelor of Engineering in Information
Technology</strong><br>
L.D. College of Engineering , 2022-2026 <br>
CGPA: 8.0/10
</li>
<strong>12th Science A group (Gujrat Board)</strong><br>
Leo School, 2020 - 2022 <br>
Percentage: 88%
</li>
<strong>10th (Gujrat Board)</strong><br>
Leo School, 2018 - 2020 <br> Percentage: 85%
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="skills">
5px;">Skills</h2>
<li style="margin-bottom:10px;">Programming Languages: Java,
JavaScript, Python, C/C++</li>
<li style="margin-bottom:10px;">Web Technologies: HTML, CSS,
React</li>
<li style="margin-bottom:10px;">Database Management: MySQL,
MongoDB</li>
<li style="margin-bottom:10px;">Version Control: Git, GitHub</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="projects">
5px;">Projects</h2>
<strong>E-Commerce Website (netflix Clone)</strong><br>
HTLM , CSS , JavaScript , React , MongoDB<br>
<ul>
<li>An online store with user fraindly UI , product
listings, shopping cart functionality, and a checkout process.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<strong>Chat Application</strong><br>
HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Node.js, Socket.io, MongoDB<br>
<ul>
<li>A real-time chat application with user authentication
and support for multiple chat rooms.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<strong>ToDo App</strong><br>
HTML , CSS , JavaScript , React , Firebase<br>
<ul>
<li>A task management application that allows users to
add, edit, and delete tasks, with the ability to mark tasks as completed.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<strong>Weather App</strong><br>
HTML, CSS, JavaScript, API (OpenWeatherMap)<br>
<ul>
<li>A weather application that provides current weather
information based on the user's location or a searched city.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="achievments">
5px;">Achievments</h2>
- Completed a Full Stack Web Development Bootcamp
</li>
- Completed a Python for Data Science Bootcamp
</li>
- Contributed to many events on and off campus in Tech-Fields
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Conclusion:
In this exercise, we applied inline CSS to format the resume we created in the previous practical. By
embedding CSS styles directly within the HTML elements using the style attribute, we were able to
customize the appearance of various sections of the resume, including text formatting, colors, and
layout adjustments. This approach provided us with hands-on experience in using inline CSS for
specific, targeted styling, and demonstrated how to make precise visual modifications directly within
the HTML code.
Quiz:
1. Explain Internal CSS VS Inline CSS.

 Internal CSS:
o Definition: Styles are defined within a <style> element located inside the
<head> section of an HTML document.
o Scope: The styles apply to the entire document or to specific sections of
the document as defined by the CSS rules.
o Usage: Useful when you want to apply styles to a single document without
affecting other documents. It is more efficient than inline CSS for multiple
elements and keeps the HTML code cleaner.
 Inline CSS:
o Definition: Styles are applied directly within an HTML element using the
style attribute.
o Scope: The styles affect only the single element where the inline style is
applied.
o Usage: Typically used for quick, specific changes to a single element. Inline
CSS can be less efficient and harder to manage compared to internal or
external CSS for styling multiple elements.
2. CSS stands for ____ _ .

 Cascading Style Sheets
3. Which HTML tag is used to define an internal style sheet?

 The HTML tag used to define an internal style sheet is the <style> tag.
 It is placed within the <head> section of an HTML document.
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 10
Use External, Internal, Inline CSS to format Information Technology

Department Web Pages that you created in Practical No.04
Date:
Relevant CO: 3
Objectives:
1. To understand use of External CSS

Theory:
External CSS
 An external file is a good idea when you have a number of pages, or even a complete
site, which you need to control in terms of presentation.
 it saves lots of effort as at one time you would have needed to alter each page
individually.
 With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire website by changing
just one file!
 Each HTML page must include a reference to the external style sheet file inside the
<link> element, inside the head section.
 External CSS file must be saved with a .css extension.
 Example
HTML Code : index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet"
type="text/css" href="mystyle.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
CSS Code : mystyle.css

body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
h1 {
color: navy;
margin-left: 20px;
}
Implementation:
Use External, Internal, Inline CSS to format Information Technology Department Web Pages
that you created in Practical No.04
 Index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Information Technology Department</title>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

<style>
nav {
overflow: hidden;
}
nav a {
float: left;
display: block;
color: white;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 20px;
text-decoration: none;
}
nav a:hover {
background-color: #ddd;
color: black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<header>
<h1>Welcome to the Information Technology Department</h1>
</header>


<nav>
<a href="/P4/home.html">Home</a>
<a href="#about">About Us</a>
<a href="#courses">Courses</a>
<a href="#faculty">Faculty</a>
<a href="#contact">Contact</a>
</nav>


<section id="about" style="border: 2px solid #1a75ff;">
<h2>About Us</h2>
<p>We are the leading department in Information Technology offering state-
of-the-art infrastructure and education to nurture the next generation of tech
innovators.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Vision:</h2>
<p>To shape the young minds of aspiring Information Technology engineers
to become the front runner in the sustainable technological growth of our country,
conserving its rich cultural heritage and catering to its socioeconomic needs.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Mission:</h2>
<ol>
<li>Bringing innovative approach in teaching-learning process to
produce competent Information Technology engineers.</li>
<li>Provide opportunities and necessary exposure to the young engineers
to develop themselves into responsible professionals.</li>
<li>Infusing lifelong learning ability in the aspiring minds with the
view of making them sensible towards their social responsibilities.</li>
</ol>
</section>


<section id="courses">
<h2>Our Courses</h2>
<table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>Name of Course</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Period (Years)</th>
<th>Intake</th>
<th>Year of Starting</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Master of Computer Application</td>
<td>PG</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>1987</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Information Technology</td>
<td>UG</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>2000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Information Technology</td>
<td>PG</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>2010</td>
</tr>
</table>
</section>


<section id="faculty">
<h2>Our Faculty</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Dr. Hiteishi Diwanji</strong> - (Head of Department)</li>
<li><strong>Dr. Mehul Parikh</strong> - (Associate Professor)</li>
<li><strong>BAKULBHAI PANCHAL</strong> - (Associate Professor)</li>
<li><strong>Dr. PURVI RAMANUJ</strong> - (Associate Professor)</li>
<li><strong>Miss. Mital Panchal</strong> - (Associate Professor)</li>
</ul>
</section>


<section id="contact">
<h2>Contact Us</h2>
<p>Email: itdept@ldce.ac.in</p>
<p>Phone: +123-456-7890</p>
</section>


<footer>
<p>© 2024 Information Technology Department. All rights reserved.</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
 Style.css
body {
background-color: #f0f8ff;
}
header{
text-align: center;
padding: 20px;
color: white;
}
section {
margin: 20px;
padding: 20px;
background-color: #e6f7ff;
}
footer {
text-align: center;
padding: 10px;
color: white;
bottom: 0;
}
Output:
Conclusion:
In this exercise, we formatted the Information Technology Department web pages using all three types
of CSS: external, internal, and inline.
 External CSS was used to apply consistent styles across multiple pages by linking a separate CSS
file. This approach ensured a uniform look and feel throughout the site, making it easy to update
styles globally.
 Internal CSS was employed within specific pages to manage unique styling elements that were
distinct to those pages. This method allowed for customization without affecting other pages.
 Inline CSS was used for immediate and specific styling needs on individual elements, offering
precise control over their appearance.
Combining these methods allowed us to create a well-styled and visually cohesive set of web pages for
the Information Technology Department, demonstrating the versatility and application of various CSS
techniques.
Quiz:
1. Explain External CSS.

 External CSS involves using a separate CSS file to define styles for multiple HTML
documents. This CSS file is linked to the HTML documents using the <link> element
placed in the <head> section. External CSS is ideal for applying consistent styles across
multiple pages of a website, promoting reusability and easier maintenance.
2. Compare Internal, Inline and External CSS.

 Internal CSS:
 Definition: Styles are included within a <style> tag inside the <head>
section of an HTML document.
 Scope: Affects only the HTML document in which it is included.
 Usage: Suitable for styling a single document. It provides a middle ground
between inline and external styles.
 Inline CSS:
 Definition: Styles are applied directly within an HTML element using the
style attribute.
 Scope: Affects only the specific element where the inline style is applied.
 Usage: Useful for quick, specific adjustments to individual elements. Not
ideal for styling multiple elements or maintaining large-scale styles.
 External CSS:
 Definition: Styles are defined in a separate CSS file, which is linked to
HTML documents.
 Scope: Affects all HTML documents linked to the CSS file.
 Usage: Best for consistent styling across multiple pages of a website.
Facilitates code reuse and easier maintenance.
3. Which property is used to change the background color?

 The property used to change the background color of an element is the
"background-color" property.
4. Which property is used to change the text color of the element?

 The property used to change the text color of an element is the "color"
property.
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Web-Development-3151606 Patel Het 220280116033
Experiment No: 11
Develop a java script to display today’s date.
Date:
Relevant CO: 4
Objectives:
1. To understand how to write simple java script

Theory:
Javascript
 Javascript is a client side scripting language.

 HTML and CSS for static rendering of a page
 Scripting languges allows content to change dynamically
 Possible to interact with the user beyond what is possible with HTML
 Scripts are programs and can execute on the client side (the one with the browser) or
server.
 Running a script on the client saves processing time on the server
 Types Of Javascript
o Internal Javascript
 JavaScript code is placed in the head and body section of an HTML page.
 Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Internal JavaScript</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("Hello World.!!!");
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
o External javascript
 If you want to use the same script on several pages it could be good idea
to place the code in separate file, rather than writing it on each.
 JavaScript code are stored in separate external file using the .js extension
(Ex: external.js).
 Example :
HTML File : index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>External JavaScript</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="external.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
External javascript file : external.js
document.write("This is External Javascript Example.!!!");
Implementation:
Develop a java script to display today’s date.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Display Today's Date</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Today's Date is: <span id="currentDate"></span></h2>
<script>
const today = new Date();
const day = today.getDate();
const month = today.getMonth() + 1;
const year = today.getFullYear()

const formattedDate = `${day}-${month}-${year}`;
document.getElementById("currentDate").textContent = formattedDate;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output :
Conclusion:
The provided JavaScript code extracts and displays the current date using the `Date`
object. It retrieves the day, month, and year, formats them in the `DD-MM-YYYY` pattern,
and dynamically updates the content of an HTML element with the date. This
demonstrates basic DOM manipulation and date handling in JavaScript.
Quiz:
1. What is javascript?
Ans. JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic programming language primarily used for
creating interactive and dynamic content on web pages. It is a core technology of web
development, along with HTML and CSS. JavaScript enables features like form validation,
animations, and asynchronous data loading (e.g., via fetch APIs) to enhance user
experiences. It runs directly in the browser and can also be used on the server side with
environments like Node.js. Its versatility makes it widely used in building modern
websites and web applications.
2. Explain internal and external javascript.
Ans. Internal JavaScript:
 Location: Written directly within the HTML file, inside a <script> tag.
 Usage: Useful for small scripts specific to a single page.
External JavaScript:
 Location: The JavaScript code is stored in a separate .js file, and the HTML file
references it via a <script> tag with the src attribute.
 Usage: Ideal for large or reusable scripts across multiple web pages.
 https://www.w3schools.com/JSREF/jsref_obj_date.asp
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 12
Develop simple calculator for addition, subtraction, multiplication and

division operation using java script.
Date:
Relevant CO: 4
Objectives:
1. To understand the use of mathematical operators in javascript.

2. To understand the use of document object model.
3. To understand javascript event handling.
Theory:
Javascript Syntax
How to create and use variables?
var x,y,z;
x=5;
y=5
z=x+y;
document.write(“total is : ”+z)
The HTML DOM ( Document Object Model)
- When a web page is loaded, the browser creates a Document Object Model of the page.
- The HTML DOM model is constructed as a tree of Objects:
- Using DOM Javascript can
o change all the HTML elements in the page
o change all the HTML attributes in the page
o change all the CSS styles in the page
o remove existing HTML elements and attributes
o add new HTML elements and attributes
o react to all existing HTML events in the page
o create new HTML events in the page
Figure 3 Document Object Model
DOM Examples
Example 1 : following example changes the content of <p> element
<html>
<body>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello World!";
</script>
</body>
</html>
Here getElementById is a method, while innerHTML is a property.
Example 2: Validate Numeric Input

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Number Validation</h2>
<p>Enter a number between 1 and 10:</p>
<input id="numb">
<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Submit</button>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
function myFunction() {
// Get the value of the input field with id="numb"
let x = document.getElementById("numb").value;
// If x is Not a Number or less than one or greater than 10
let text;
if (isNaN(x) || x < 1 || x > 10) {
text = "Input not valid";
} else {
text = "Input OK";
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = text;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Implementation:
Develop simple calculator for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operation
using java script.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Simple Calculator</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Simple Calculator</h2>
<input type="number" id="num1" placeholder="Enter first number">
<input type="number" id="num2" placeholder="Enter second number"><br><br>
<button onclick="add()">Addition (+)</button>
<button onclick="subtract()">Subtraction (-)</button>
<button onclick="multiply()">Multiplication (×)</button>
<button onclick="divide()">Division (÷)</button><br><br>
<h3>Result: <span id="result"></span></h3>
<script>
function add() {
let num1 = parseFloat(document.getElementById("num1").value);
document.getElementById("result").textContent = num1 + num2;
function subtract() {
document.getElementById("result").textContent = num1 - num2;
function multiply() {
document.getElementById("result").textContent = num1 * num2;
}
function divide() {
if (num2 !== 0) {
document.getElementById("result").textContent = num1 / num2;
} else {
document.getElementById("result").textContent = "Error! Division by zero.";
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output :
Conclusion:
The provided code creates a simple calculator using HTML and JavaScript that allows
users to perform basic arithmetic operations—addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division. It takes two input numbers and calculates the result when a specific operation
button is clicked. The result is dynamically displayed on the page. This project
demonstrates the use of JavaScript functions, DOM manipulation, and basic event
handling to create an interactive web tool for arithmetic calculations. Additionally, it
includes error handling for division by zero.
Quiz:
1. Explain Document Object Model.

Ans. The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming interface for web documents. It
represents the structure of an HTML or XML document as a tree of objects, where each
part of the document (elements, attributes, text) is a node. The DOM allows scripts
(like JavaScript) to interact with and manipulate the content, structure, and style of
web pages dynamically.
Key Features:
1. Tree Structure: The DOM represents the document as a hierarchical tree. The
root of the tree is the document object, and each element (like <body>, <div>,
etc.) is a child node of another element.
2. Nodes: Everything in the DOM is a node:
o Element nodes: Represent HTML tags (e.g., <div>, <p>).
o Attribute nodes: Represent the attributes of elements (e.g., class, id).
o Text nodes: Represent the text inside elements.
3. Dynamic Manipulation: Using JavaScript, you can:
o Access and modify content (textContent, innerHTML).
o Change attributes or styles.
o Add, remove, or rearrange elements dynamically.
 https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_htmldom.asp
 https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_validation.asp
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 13
Write a java script code to combine and display the information in textbox
when the button is clicked use registration page that you created in
Practical No.5.
Date:
Relevant CO: 4
Objectives:
1. To understand the use of DOM for getting values from Form Controls.
2. To understand event handling with javascript
Theory:
What is an Event ?
- JavaScript's interaction with HTML is handled through events that occur when the user
or the browser manipulates a page.
- When the page loads, it is called an event. When the user clicks a button, that click too
is an event. Other examples include events like pressing any key, closing a window,
resizing a window, etc.
- Developers can use these events to execute JavaScript coded responses, which cause
buttons to close windows, messages to be displayed to users, data to be validated, and
virtually any other type of response imaginable.
- Events are a part of the Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 and every HTML
element contains a set of events which can trigger JavaScript Code.
Example : the following javascript example demonstrate how to fetch value from textbox and
display using alert()
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Java Script Demo</title>

<script>
function showData()
{
var uname,email;
uname = document.forms["myform"]["username"].value;
email = document.forms["myform"]["email"].value;
alert("you entered name:"+uname+" email:"+email);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name="myform">
UserName : <input type="text" name="username"/> <br/>
Password : <input type="email" name="email"/> <br/>
<input type="button" value="display" onclick="showData()" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
Implementation:
Write a java script code to combine and display the information in textbox when the button is
clicked use registration page that you created in Practical No.5.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>User Registration Form</title>
<script>
function displayInfo() {
const name = document.getElementById("name").value;
const dob = document.getElementById("dob").value;

const gender = document.querySelector('input[name="gender"]:checked').value;
const email = document.getElementById("email").value;
const mobile = document.getElementById("mobile").value;
const address = document.getElementById("address").value;
const state = document.getElementById("state").value;
const educations = [];
document.querySelectorAll('input[name="education"]:checked').forEach((checkbox) =>
{
educations.push(checkbox.value);
});
const result = `
Name: ${name}<br>
Date of Birth: ${dob}<br>
Gender: ${gender}<br>
Email ID: ${email}<br>
Mobile No.: ${mobile}<br>
Address: ${address}<br>
State: ${state}<br>
Education: ${educations.join(", ")}
`;
document.getElementById("output").innerHTML = result; // Display combined info
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="#" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

required><br><br>
<input type="date" id="dob" name="dob" required><br><br>
<input type="radio" id="female" name="gender" value="Female" required>
<label for="female">Female</label><br><br>
<label for="email">Email ID:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email"

required><br><br>
<input type="tel" id="mobile" name="mobile" placeholder="Enter your mobile number"

pattern="[0-9]{10}" required><br><br>
<textarea id="address" name="address" rows="4" cols="50" placeholder="Enter your

address" required></textarea><br><br>
<option value="new-york">New York</option>

<option value="california">California</option>
<option value="texas">Texas</option>
</select><br><br>
<label for="education">Education:</label>
<input type="checkbox" id="highschool" name="education" value="High School">
<label for="highschool">High School</label>
<input type="checkbox" id="bachelor" name="education" value="Bachelor's">
<label for="bachelor">Bachelor's</label>
<input type="checkbox" id="master" name="education" value="Master's">
<label for="master">Master's</label><br><br>
<label for="image">Upload Image:</label>
<input type="file" id="image" name="image" accept="image/*" required><br><br>
<button type="button" onclick="displayInfo()">Display Information</button><br><br>
</form>
<h3>Form Data:</h3>
<div id="output"></div>
</body>
</html>
Output :
Conclusion:
The enhanced user registration form demonstrates how to collect and display user
information dynamically using HTML and JavaScript. Upon clicking the "Display
Information" button, the script gathers values from various input fields—including text
boxes, radio buttons, checkboxes, and a file upload—and presents them in a structured
format. This interaction highlights key concepts such as DOM manipulation, event
handling, and data retrieval in JavaScript. The result is a user-friendly experience that
allows individuals to review their submitted information in real-time, improving the
usability of the registration process. Overall, this example showcases the integration of
HTML forms with JavaScript to create interactive web applications.
Quiz:
1. Explain event handling with javascript.

Ans. Event handling in JavaScript refers to the process of responding to user interactions or
events that occur in the browser. Events can include actions like mouse clicks, key
presses, form submissions, and more. JavaScript allows developers to create dynamic and
interactive web pages by defining how the application should respond to these events.
Key Concepts of Event Handling:
1. Events:
o Events are actions that occur in the browser, such as clicking a button,
hovering over an element, or loading a page.
2. Event Listeners:
o Functions that wait for a specific event to occur. When the event occurs,
the listener executes a defined callback function.
o You can add event listeners using the addEventListener() method.
3. Event Object:
o When an event occurs, an event object is created that contains
information about the event, such as the type of event, the target
element, and other properties.
o This object can be accessed in the callback function.
4. Event Bubbling and Capturing:
o Bubbling: The event starts from the target element and bubbles up to its
ancestors in the DOM.
o Capturing: The event starts from the root and goes down to the target
element. You can specify the use of capturing in the addEventListener()
method.
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 14
Use JavaScript to Implement validation in Practical No.5.
Date:
Relevant CO: 4
Objectives:
1. To understand validation using javascript.

Theory:
Javascript can be used for HTML form validation

Following example demonstrate form validation using javascript
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
function validateForm() {
let x = document.forms["myForm"]["fname"].value;
if (x == "") {
alert("Name must be filled out");
return false;
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Validation</h2>
<form name="myForm" action="/action_page.php" onsubmit="return

validateForm()" method="post">
Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Implementation:
Use JavaScript to Implement validation in Practical No.5

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script>
function validateForm() {
document.getElementById("output").innerHTML = "";
const gender = document.querySelector('input[name="gender"]:checked');
if (name.trim() === "") {
alert("Name is required.");
return false;
if (dob === "") {
alert("Date of Birth is required.");
return false;
}
if (!gender) {
alert("Please select your gender.");
return false;
const emailPattern = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/;
if (!emailPattern.test(email)) {
alert("Please enter a valid email address.");
return false;
const mobilePattern = /^[0-9]{10}$/;
if (!mobilePattern.test(mobile)) {
alert("Mobile number must be 10 digits.");
return false;
if (address.trim() === "") {
alert("Address is required.");
return false;
if (state === "") {
alert("Please select your state.");
return false;
}
displayInfo();
return true;
function displayInfo() {
const gender = document.querySelector('input[name="gender"]:checked').value;
const educations = [];
document.querySelectorAll('input[name="education"]:checked').forEach((checkbox) =>
{
educations.push(checkbox.value);
});
const result = `
Name: ${name}<br>
Date of Birth: ${dob}<br>
Gender: ${gender}<br>
Email ID: ${email}<br>
Mobile No.: ${mobile}<br>
Address: ${address}<br>
State: ${state}<br>
Education: ${educations.join(", ")}
`;
document.getElementById("output").innerHTML = result; // Display combined info
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="#" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" onsubmit="return

validateForm()">

required><br><br>
<input type="radio" id="female" name="gender" value="Female" required>
<label for="female">Female</label><br><br>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email"

required><br><br>
<input type="tel" id="mobile" name="mobile" placeholder="Enter your mobile number"

pattern="[0-9]{10}" required><br><br>
<textarea id="address" name="address" rows="4" cols="50" placeholder="Enter your

address" required></textarea><br><br>
<option value="new-york">New York</option>
<option value="california">California</option>
<option value="texas">Texas</option>

</select><br><br>
<input type="checkbox" id="highschool" name="education" value="High School">
<label for="highschool">High School</label>
<input type="checkbox" id="bachelor" name="education" value="Bachelor's">
<label for="bachelor">Bachelor's</label>
<input type="checkbox" id="master" name="education" value="Master's">
<label for="master">Master's</label><br><br>
<input type="file" id="image" name="image" accept="image/*" required><br><br>

<button type="submit">Display Information</button><br><br>

</form>
<h3>Form Data:</h3>
<div id="output"></div>
</body>
</html>
Output :
Conclusion:
This updated form showcases how to implement client-side validation using JavaScript,
ensuring that users provide the necessary information before submission. By alerting
users to any input errors, it enhances the user experience and reduces the likelihood of
submitting incomplete or incorrect information. The form retains its interactivity and
provides immediate feedback, which is essential for modern web applications.
Quiz:
1. Explain javascript form validation.

Ans. JavaScript form validation is a client-side process used to ensure that the data entered
into a web form meets specific criteria before it is submitted to the server. This helps
enhance user experience by providing immediate feedback and reducing unnecessary
server requests.
Key Aspects of JavaScript Form Validation:
1. Types of Validation:
o Client-Side Validation: Validates data in the user's browser before
submission. This provides instant feedback.
o Server-Side Validation: Validates data on the server after submission. It's
essential for security, as client-side validation can be bypassed.
2. Common Validation Checks:
o Required fields: Ensures that certain fields are filled out.
o Data types: Checks if the data matches expected formats (e.g., email,
phone number).
o Length: Validates that the input meets minimum or maximum length
requirements.
o Pattern matching: Uses regular expressions to validate specific input
formats.
3. Implementation:
o JavaScript event handlers (like onsubmit, onchange, etc.) can be used to
trigger validation.
o The checkValidity() method can be used to check whether form elements
are valid.
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 15
Write a PHP program to check if number is prime or not.
Date:
Relevant CO: 5
Objectives:
1. To understand how to write simple php program

2. To understand how to use php conditional and Loops Statement
Theory:
PHP
 PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and
interactive Web pages.
 PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's
ASP.
 Syntax
<?php
// PHP code goes here
?>
 Example : demonstrate printing Hello World
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
echo "Hello World";
?>
</body>
</html>
 Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables
<?php
$txt = "Hello world!";
$x = 5;
$y = 10.5;
?>
 PHP Conditional Statements
Statement Syntax
PHP - The if Statement

if (condition) {
code to be executed if
condition is true;
}
PHP - The if...else Statement

if (condition) {
condition is true;
} else {
condition is false;
}
PHP - The if...elseif...else Statement

if (condition) {
this condition is true;
} elseif (condition) {
first condition is false
and this condition is true;
} else {
all conditions are false;
}
 PHP Loop Statements
Statement Syntax
The PHP while Loop

while (condition is true) {
code to be executed;
}
The PHP do...while Loop
do {
} while (condition is
true);
The PHP for Loop

for (init counter; test
counter; increment counter)
{
code to be executed for
each iteration;
}
The PHP foreach Loop

foreach ($array as $value)
{
}
Implementation:
<?php
function isPrime($number) {
if ($number < 2) {
return false;
for ($i = 2; $i <= sqrt($number); $i++) {
if ($number % $i == 0) {
return false; // Found a factor, not prime
}
}
return true; // No factors found, it is prime
$number = 78;
if (isPrime($number)) {
echo "$number is a prime number.";
} else {
echo "$number is not a prime number.";
?>
Output :
Conclusion:
The PHP code for checking whether a number is prime or not is a simple and efficient solution. It uses a
function to determine if a number is prime by checking divisibility starting from 2 up to the square root of the
number. If any divisor is found in this range, the number is declared as non-prime. Otherwise, it is identified
as prime.
Quiz:
1. What is PHP? Explain PHP Syntax.
Ans. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open-source server-side scripting language

designed primarily for web development. It is embedded within HTML and is particularly
suited for creating dynamic web pages, managing databases, and handling form data. PHP
can run on various platforms (Windows, Linux, macOS) and is often used in combination
with MySQL databases.
PHP Syntax
PHP code is embedded in HTML using the <?php and ?> tags. Here are the key
components of PHP syntax:
1. PHP Tags:
o <?php to open PHP code.
o ?> to close PHP code.
o Short tags <? can also be used but are discouraged due to compatibility
issues.
2. Variables:
o Declared with a dollar sign ($), followed by the variable name (e.g.,
$variableName).
o Variables are case-sensitive.
3. Statements:
o Ended with a semicolon (;).
o Example: $name = "John";
4. Comments:
o Single-line comments: // Comment or # Comment.
o Multi-line comments: /* Comment */.
5. Control Structures:
o Conditional statements (if, else, switch) and loops (for, while, foreach)
are similar to other programming languages.
2. Explain foreach Loop in PHP.
Ans. The foreach loop in PHP is used to iterate over arrays and objects. It provides an
easy way to loop through elements without needing to manage an index manually. This
loop is particularly useful for working with associative arrays.
foreach ($array as $value) {
// Code to execute for each value
}
 https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_looping.asp
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 16
Use Registration Form from practical number 5 to store user registration

details in MySql database. On submission next page displays all
registration data in in html table using php. Also provide feature to update
and delete the registration data.
Date:
Relevant CO: 5
Objectives:
1. To understand how to use MySql database

2. To understand how to perform CRUD operations.
Theory:
Accessing MySQL from PHP Note that documentation is available online here:
http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.mysql.php
Basically, there are four things you want to be able to do in MySQL from within PHP:
1. connect to the mysql database

2. execute mysql queries
3. check the status of your mysql commands
4. disconnect from the mysql database
Queries can be any kind of MySQL query, including SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, etc. Using
SELECT queries, you can execute MySQL/PHP functions to put the data read from the MySQL
database into PHP variables. Then you can use the PHP variables in your PHP script to do
whatever analysis, display, etc. that you want.
1. Connect to the MySQL database
Here is an example of connecting to the MySQL database from within PHP:
$conn=mysql_connect($mysql_host,$mysql_user,$mysql_password) or die('Could not

connect: ’.mysql_error());
echo ’Connected successfully’;
mysql_select_db( $mysql_db ) or die( ’Could not select database’ );

You will need to replace the variables $mysql_host, $mysql_user, $mysql_password and
$mysql_db with strings containing the values for connecting to your database. $mysql_host is
"localhost"
Notice that there are two functions invoked:
- Logs into mysql: mysql_connect()

- Selects the database to use: mysql_select_db()
Also notice that you put your un-encrypted password in the script that connects to the
database. So be careful where you put that script! Make sure it is in a directory where there is
a default index.html (or index.php) file so that nobody can get to the script from a web
browser.
2. Execute MySQL queries
Here is an example of executing a SELECT query from within PHP:
// set up and execute the MySQL query
$query = ’SELECT * FROM my_table’;
$result = mysql_query( $query ) or die( ’Query failed: ’. mysql_error() );
// print the results as an HTML table
echo " \n";
while ( $row = mysql_fetch_array( $result, MYSQL_ASSOC ))
echo "\t \n";
foreach ( $row as $item )
echo "\t\t $item\n";
echo "\t\n";
echo "\n";
// free result
mysql_free_result( $result );
There are three functions used here:
- To execute the query and store the result in a local variable: mysql_query()
- Parse the data read returned from the query as an array: mysql_fetch_array()
- Free the memory used by the query result: mysql_free_result()
NOTE that if the result returned is a scalar and not an array, then only mysql_query() needs
to be called and does not need to be followed by a call to mysql_fetch_array().
Finally, note the use of mysql_error() in the query function.
3. Check the status of your MySQL commands
If errors occur, the functions return errors. These errors can be read as strings using the
function mysql_error(). Note the usage in this statement:
$conn=mysql_connect($mysql_host,$mysql_user,$mysql_password) or die('Could not
connect: ’.mysql_error());
echo ’Connected successfully’;
4. Disconnect from the MySQL database
To disconnect from MySQL, there is one function needed:
mysql_close($conn);
Implementation:
Use Registration Form from practical number 5 to store user registration details in MySql
database. On submission next page displays all registration data in in html table using php.
Also provide feature to update and delete the registration data.
SQL :-
CREATE DATABASE user_registration;
USE user_registration;
CREATE TABLE users (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(100),
dob DATE,
gender VARCHAR(10),
email VARCHAR(100),
mobile VARCHAR(15),
address TEXT,
state VARCHAR(50),
education VARCHAR(100),
image_path VARCHAR(255)
);
Html :-
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
</head>
<body>
<form action="register.php" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="text" id="name" name="name" required><br><br>

<input type="radio" id="male" name="gender" value="Male" required>Male
<input type="radio" id="female" name="gender" value="Female"

required>Female<br><br>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email" required><br><br>
<input type="text" id="mobile" name="mobile" required><br><br>
<label for="address">Address:</label>
<textarea id="address" name="address" required></textarea><br><br>
<option value="California">California</option>
<option value="New York">New York</option>
<option value="Texas">Texas</option>
</select><br><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="education[]" value="High School">High School
<input type="checkbox" name="education[]" value="Bachelor's">Bachelor's

<input type="checkbox" name="education[]" value="Master's">Master's<br><br>
<input type="file" id="image" name="image" required><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Register">
</form>
</body>
</html>
PHP :-
<?php
// Connect to the database
$host = 'localhost';
$dbname = 'user_registration';
$user = 'root'; // Adjust with your DB user
$pass = ''; // Adjust with your DB password
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$host;dbname=$dbname", $user, $pass);
// Check if form is submitted
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
$name = $_POST['name'];
$dob = $_POST['dob'];
$gender = $_POST['gender'];
$email = $_POST['email'];
$mobile = $_POST['mobile'];
$address = $_POST['address'];
$state = $_POST['state'];
$education = implode(', ', $_POST['education']);
// Image upload handling
$image = $_FILES['image']['name'];
$target = "uploads/" . basename($image);
if (move_uploaded_file($_FILES['image']['tmp_name'], $target)) {
// Insert data into the database
$stmt = $conn->prepare("INSERT INTO users (name, dob, gender, email, mobile, address,
state, education, image_path)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)");
$stmt->execute([$name, $dob, $gender, $email, $mobile, $address, $state, $education,

$target]);
echo "Registration successful! <a href='view.php'>View Records</a>";
} else {
echo "Failed to upload image.";
?>
Connections :-
<?php
// Connect to the database
$user = 'root';
$pass = '';
// Fetch all users from the database
$stmt = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM users");
$users = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Registered Users</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Registered Users</h2>
<table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>DOB</th>
<th>Gender</th>
<th>Email</th>
<th>Mobile</th>
<th>Address</th>
<th>State</th>
<th>Education</th>
<th>Image</th>
<th>Actions</th>
</tr>
<?php foreach ($users as $user): ?>
<tr>
<td><?= $user['id']; ?></td>
<td><?= $user['name']; ?></td>
<td><?= $user['dob']; ?></td>
<td><?= $user['gender']; ?></td>
<td><?= $user['email']; ?></td>
<td><?= $user['mobile']; ?></td>
<td><?= $user['address']; ?></td>
<td><?= $user['state']; ?></td>
<td><?= $user['education']; ?></td>
<td><img src="<?= $user['image_path']; ?>" width="100" height="100"></td>
<td>
<a href="edit.php?id=<?= $user['id']; ?>">Edit</a> |
<a href="delete.php?id=<?= $user['id']; ?>" onclick="return confirm('Are you

sure?')">Delete</a>
</td>
</tr>
<?php endforeach; ?>

</table>
</body>
</html>
Edit Data :-
<?php
$user = 'root';
$pass = '';
// Get the user data for the provided ID
$id = $_GET['id'];
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?");
$stmt->execute([$id]);
$user = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
// Check if form is submitted for updating
$dob = $_POST['dob'];
$gender = $_POST['gender'];
$email = $_POST['email'];
$mobile = $_POST['mobile'];
$address = $_POST['address'];
$state = $_POST['state'];
$education = implode(', ', $_POST['education']);
// Update the database
$stmt = $conn->prepare("UPDATE users SET name = ?, dob = ?, gender = ?, email = ?,

mobile = ?, address = ?, state = ?, education = ? WHERE id = ?");
$stmt->execute([$name, $dob, $gender, $email, $mobile, $address, $state,

$education, $id]);
echo "Record updated! <a href='view.php'>View Records</a>";
?>

<form method="post">


</form>
Output :
Conclusion:
 The above scripts create a user registration system that stores data in MySQL.
 The view.php page shows all users in a table, with options to update and delete.
 edit.php allows you to edit user details, and delete.php removes a user from the
database.
Once set up, the output will display a user registration form, a table of registered users,
and functionality to edit or delete them.
Quiz:
1. What is MySql?
Ans. MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that uses
Structured Query Language (SQL) for managing and manipulating data. It is widely used
for web applications and can handle large amounts of data efficiently.
Key Features:
 Relational Database: Data is organized into tables with predefined
relationships.
 Open Source: Free to use and widely supported by the community.
 High Performance: Optimized for speed and reliability in data retrieval.
 Scalability: Capable of handling large databases and concurrent users.
 Cross-Platform: Compatible with various operating systems, including
Windows, Linux, and macOS.
2. Write a sample code to demonstrate php mysql connectivity.

Ans. <?php
// Database credentials
$servername = "localhost"; // Server name
$username = "root"; // Database username
$password = ""; // Database password
$database = "test_db"; // Database name
// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $database);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully";
// Example query
$sql = "SELECT * FROM users"; // Replace 'users' with your table name
$result = $conn->query($sql);
// Check if there are results

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
// Output data of each row
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo "id: " . $row["id"] . " - Name: " . $row["name"] . "<br>";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}
// Close the connection

$conn->close();
?>
 http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.mysql.php
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 17
Write a PHP script for user authentication using PHP-MYSQL. Use session
for storing username
Date:
Relevant CO: 3
Objectives:
1. To understand session in PHP

Theory:
What is a PHP Session?
When you work with an application, you open it, do some changes, and then you close it. This
is much like a Session. The computer knows who you are. It knows when you start the
application and when you end. But on the internet there is one problem: the web server does
not know who you are or what you do, because the HTTP address doesn't maintain state.
Session variables solve this problem by storing user information to be used across multiple
pages (e.g. username, favorite color, etc). By default, session variables last until the user closes
the browser.
So; Session variables hold information about one single user, and are available to all pages in
one application.
Start a PHP Session
A session is started with the session_start() function.
Session variables are set with the PHP global variable: $_SESSION.
Now, let's create a new page called "demo_session1.php". In this page, we start a new PHP
session and set some session variables:
<?php
// Start the session
session_start();
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
// Set session variables
$_SESSION["favcolor"]
= "green";
$_SESSION["favanimal"]
= "cat";
echo "Session variables are
set.";
?>
</body>
</html>
Get PHP Session Variable Values
Next, we create another page called "demo_session2.php". From this page, we will access the
session information we set on the first page ("demo_session1.php").
Notice that session variables are not passed individually to each new page, instead they are
retrieved from the session we open at the beginning of each page (session_start()).
Also notice that all session variable values are stored in the global $_SESSION variable:
<?php
session_start();
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
// Echo session variables
that were set on previous
page
echo "Favorite color is
" . $_SESSION["favcolor"]
. ".<br>";
echo "Favorite animal is
" . $_SESSION["favanimal"]
. ".";
?>
</body>
</html>
Modify a PHP Session Variable
To change a session variable, just overwrite it:
<?php
session_start();
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
// to change a session
variable, just overwrite it
$_SESSION["favcolor"]
= "yellow";
print_r($_SESSION);
?>
</body>
</html>
Destroy a PHP Session
To remove all global session variables and destroy the session, use session_unset() and
session_destroy():
<?php
session_start();
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
// remove all session
variables
session_unset();
// destroy the session

session_destroy();
?>
</body>
</html>
Implementation:
Write a PHP script for user authentication using PHP-MYSQL. Use session for storing
username.
SQL DataBase :-
CREATE DATABASE user_authentication;
USE user_authentication;
username VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE,
password VARCHAR(255) -- Password will be hashed
);
Registration page:-
<?php
// Database connection
$dbname = 'user_authentication';
$user = 'root'; // Adjust with your DB username
$pass = ''; // Adjust with your DB password
$username = $_POST['username'];
$password = password_hash($_POST['password'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT); // Hash the

password for security
// Insert the user into the database
$stmt = $conn->prepare("INSERT INTO users (username, password) VALUES (?, ?)");
if ($stmt->execute([$username, $password])) {
echo "Registration successful! <a href='login.php'>Login Here</a>";
} else {
echo "Registration failed. Username might already exist.";
?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>User Registration</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Register</h2>
<label for="username">Username:</label>
<input type="text" id="username" name="username" required><br><br>
<label for="password">Password:</label>
<input type="password" id="password" name="password" required><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Register">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Login page ;-
<?php
session_start(); // Start session
$dbname = 'user_authentication';
$user = 'root';
$pass = '';
$username = $_POST['username'];
$password = $_POST['password'];
// Fetch user from database
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ?");
$stmt->execute([$username]);
// Verify password
if ($user && password_verify($password, $user['password'])) {
// Password is correct, start session and store username
$_SESSION['username'] = $username;
header("Location: welcome.php");
} else {
echo "Invalid username or password.";
?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Login</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Login</h2>
<label for="username">Username:</label>
<input type="text" id="username" name="username" required><br><br>
<label for="password">Password:</label>
<input type="password" id="password" name="password" required><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Login">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Welcome Page ;-
<?php
session_start();
// Check if user is logged in
if (!isset($_SESSION['username'])) {
header("Location: login.php");
exit();
}
// Fetch username from session
$username = $_SESSION['username'];
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Welcome</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Welcome, <?= htmlspecialchars($username); ?>!</h2>
<p>You are logged in.</p>
<a href="logout.php">Logout</a>
</body>
</html>
Logout Page :-
<?php
session_start(); // Start the session
session_destroy(); // Destroy all session data
// Redirect to login page
header("Location: login.php");
exit();
Output :
Conclusion:
1. Registration: Users can sign up by creating a username and password. The

password is securely hashed before storing in the database.
2. Login: Users can log in by entering their credentials. The password is verified
using the password_verify() function.
3. Session Management: Upon successful login, a session is started to store the user's
username. This session is used to keep the user logged in on other pages.
4. Logout: The session is destroyed upon logout, ensuring that the user is logged out.
This is a simple yet effective user authentication system using PHP and MySQL.
Quiz:
1. What is PHP Session?

Ans. A PHP session is a way to store information (in variables) to be used across multiple
pages on a website. Unlike cookies, which are stored on the user's browser, session
data is stored on the server.
Key Features:
 State Management: Sessions help maintain user state and data between page
requests.
 Unique Session ID: Each session is identified by a unique session ID, which is
sent to the user's browser as a cookie or via URL parameters.
 Temporary Storage: Session data is temporary and typically expires when the
user closes the browser or after a specified period of inactivity.
Common Uses:
 User authentication (tracking logged-in users).
 Storing user preferences or settings.
 Managing shopping cart contents in e-commerce applications.
2. How to destroy PHP Session?

Ans. To destroy a PHP session, you can follow these steps:
1. Call session_start(): This ensures that you have access to the current session.
2. Unset Session Variables: Use session_unset() to remove all session variables.
3. Destroy the Session: Use session_destroy() to delete the session data on the
server.
4. Optional: Clear the session cookie from the user's browser.
 https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_sessions.asp
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 18
Using AJAX Create visual search feature to search using name for practical
number 16 which list name, mobile number and email id of matching
users.
Date:
Relevant CO: 6
Objectives:
1. To understand how Ajax works.

Theory:
What is AJAX?
AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript And XML.
AJAX is not a programming language.
AJAX just uses a combination of:
- A browser built-in XMLHttpRequest object (to request data from a web server)
- JavaScript and HTML DOM (to display or use the data)
AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging data with a web server behind
the scenes. This means that it is possible to update parts of a web page, without reloading the whole
page.
Ref: https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_ajax_intro.asp
Steps:
1. An event occurs in a web page (the page is loaded, a button is clicked)
2. An XMLHttpRequest object is created by JavaScript
3. The XMLHttpRequest object sends a request to a web server
4. The server processes the request
5. The server sends a response back to the web page
6. The response is read by JavaScript
7. Proper action (like page update) is performed by JavaScript
The keystone of AJAX is the XMLHttpRequest object.
1. Create an XMLHttpRequest object
variable = new XMLHttpRequest();
2. Define a callback function
xhttp.onload = function() {
// What to do when the response is ready
}
3. Open the XMLHttpRequest object
xhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt");
4. Send a Request to a server
xhttp.send();
XMLHttpRequest Object Methods
Method Description
new XMLHttpRequest() Creates a new XMLHttpRequest object
abort() Cancels the current request
getAllResponseHeaders() Returns header information
getResponseHeader() Returns specific header information
open(method, url, async, user, psw) Specifies the request
method: the request type GET or POST

url: the file location
async: true (asynchronous) or false (synchronous)
user: optional user name
psw: optional password
send() Sends the request to the server

Used for GET requests
send(string) Sends the request to the server.

Used for POST requests
setRequestHeader() Adds a label/value pair to the header to be sent
XMLHttpRequest Object Properties
Property Description
Onload Defines a function to be called when the request is recieved

(loaded)
onreadystatechange Defines a function to be called when the readyState property

changes
readyState Holds the status of the XMLHttpRequest.

0: request not initialized
1: server connection established
2: request received
3: processing request
4: request finished and response is ready
responseText Returns the response data as a string
responseXML Returns the response data as XML data

Status Returns the status-number of a request

200: "OK"
403: "Forbidden"
404: "Not Found"
For a complete list go to the Http Messages Reference
statusText Returns the status-text (e.g. "OK" or "Not Found")
Call back function

With the XMLHttpRequest object you can define a callback function to be executed when the request
receives an answer. The function is defined in the onload property of the XMLHttpRequest object:
xhttp.onload = function() {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = this.responseText;
}
xhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt");
xhttp.send();
The onreadystatechange Property

The readyState property holds the status of the XMLHttpRequest.
The onreadystatechange property defines a callback function to be executed when the readyState
changes. The status property and the statusText properties hold the status of the XMLHttpRequest
object.
readyState Holds the status of the XMLHttpRequest.

0: request not initialized
1: server connection established
2: request received
3: processing request
4: request finished and response is ready
Status 200: "OK"

403: "Forbidden"
404: "Page not found"
For a complete list go to the Http Messages Reference
Implementation:
Using AJAX Create visual search feature to search using name for practical number 16 which
list name, mobile number and email id of matching users.
SQL:-
CREATE DATABASE user_management;
USE user_management;
name VARCHAR(100),
dob DATE,
gender VARCHAR(10),
email VARCHAR(100),
mobile VARCHAR(15),
address TEXT,
state VARCHAR(50),
education VARCHAR(100),
image_path VARCHAR(255)
);
HTML :-
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Search Users</title>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<style>
body {
.search-box {
margin: 20px 0;
table {
width: 100%;
table, th, td {
th, td {
padding: 10px;
text-align: left;
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Search Users by Name</h2>

<div class="search-box">
<label for="name">Enter Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" placeholder="Search by name">
<button onclick="searchUser()">Search</button>
</div>
<div id="result">

</div>
<script>
function searchUser() {
var name = $('#name').val();
$.ajax({
url: 'search.php',
type: 'POST',
data: {name: name},
success: function(data) {
$('#result').html(data);
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
PHP ;-
<?php
$dbname = 'user_management';
$user = 'root';
$pass = ''; // Your MySQL password
// Check if the search query exists
if (isset($_POST['name'])) {
// Fetch users whose name contains the search term
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT name, mobile, email FROM users WHERE name LIKE ?");
$stmt->execute(["%$name%"]);
if (count($users) > 0) {
echo "<table>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Mobile</th>
<th>Email</th>
</tr>";
foreach ($users as $user) {

echo "<tr>
<td>{$user['name']}</td>
<td>{$user['mobile']}</td>
<td>{$user['email']}</td>
</tr>";
echo "</table>";
} else {
echo "No users found.";
?>
Output :
Conclusion:
This AJAX-powered visual search feature dynamically retrieves and displays matching
users based on their name input without reloading the page. You can further enhance
this by adding features like pagination, highlighting search terms, or showing a "no
results found" message when there are no matches.
Quiz:
1. What is Ajax?
Ans . AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a web development technique
that allows web pages to communicate with a server and update content
dynamically without requiring a full page reload. It uses JavaScript to send and
retrieve data from a server asynchronously, often using formats like JSON or XML.
This results in a smoother and more interactive user experience, enabling
features like real-time updates, form submissions, and dynamic content loading.
2. Explain XMLHttpRequest.
Ans. XMLHttpRequest is a JavaScript object that enables web pages to make
asynchronous HTTP requests to a server. It is a key component of AJAX, allowing
developers to fetch data from a server or send data to it without refreshing the
entire page.
Key Features:
 Asynchronous Communication: Allows the web page to continue functioning
while the request is being processed.
 Methods: Commonly uses methods like GET (to retrieve data) and POST (to
send data).
 Response Handling: Supports different response formats, including JSON, XML,
and plain text.
 Event Handling: Provides events such as onreadystatechange to handle the
response once it is received.
 https://www.w3schools.com/xml/ajax_intro.asp
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 19
Create a REST API using php.
Date:
Relevant CO: 6
Objectives:
1. To understand how REST API works.

Theory:
What is REST?
REST stands for Representational State Transfer, REST is an architectural style which defines
a set of constraints for developing and consuming web services through standard protocol
(HTTP). REST API is a simple, easy to implement and stateless web service. There is another
web service available which is SOAP which stands for Simple Object Access Protocol which is
created by Microsoft.
REST API is widely used in web and mobile applications as compared to SOAP. REST can
provide output data in multiple formats such as JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), Extensible
Markup Language (XML), Command Separated Value (CSV) and many others while SOAP
described output in Web Services Description Language (WSDL).
How Does REST API Work
REST requests are related to CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) in database,
REST uses GET, POST, PUT and DELETE requests. Let me compare them with CRUD.
 GET is used to retrieve information which is similar to Read
 POST is used to create new record which is similar to Create
 PUT is used to update record which is similar to Update
 DELETE is used to delete record which is similar to Delete
How to Create and Consume Simple REST API in PHP

JSON format is the most common output format of REST API, we will use the JSON format to
consume our simple REST API. We will developed an online transaction payment REST API
for our example. I will try to keep it as simple as possible so i will use GET request to retrieve
information.
1. Create REST API in PHP
2. Consume REST API in PHP
1. Create REST API in PHP

To create a REST API, follow these steps:
A. Create a Database and Table with Dummy Data
B. Create a Database Connection
C. Create a REST API File
A. Create a Database and Table with Dummy Data
To create database run the following query.
CREATE DATABASE allphptricks;
To create a table run the following query. Note: I have already attached the SQL file of this
table with dummy data, just download the complete zip file of this tutorial.
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `transactions` (

ìd` int(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
òrder_id` int(50) NOT NULL,
àmount` decimal(9,2) NOT NULL,
`response_code` int(10) NOT NULL,
`response_desc` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (ìd`),
UNIQUE KEY òrder_id` (òrder_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 ;
B. Create a Database Connection

Just create a db.php file and paste the following database connection in it. Make sure that
you update these credentials with your database credentials.
// Enter your Host, username, password, database below.
$con = mysqli_connect("localhost","root","","allphptricks");
if (mysqli_connect_errno()){
echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: " . mysqli_connect_error();
die();
}
C. Create a REST API File

Create a api.php file and paste the following script in it.
<?php
header("Content-Type:application/json");
if (isset($_GET['order_id']) && $_GET['order_id']!="") {
include('db.php');
$order_id = $_GET['order_id'];
$result = mysqli_query(
$con,
"SELECT * FROM `transactions` WHERE order_id=$order_id");
if(mysqli_num_rows($result)>0){
$row = mysqli_fetch_array($result);
$amount = $row['amount'];
$response_code = $row['response_code'];
$response_desc = $row['response_desc'];
response($order_id, $amount, $response_code,$response_desc);
mysqli_close($con);
}else{
response(NULL, NULL, 200,"No Record Found");
}
}else{
response(NULL, NULL, 400,"Invalid Request");
}
function response($order_id,$amount,$response_code,$response_desc){
$response['order_id'] = $order_id;
$response['amount'] = $amount;
$response['response_code'] = $response_code;
$response['response_desc'] = $response_desc;
$json_response = json_encode($response);
echo $json_response;
}
?>
The above script will accept the GET request and return output in the JSON format.
I have created all these files in folder name rest, now you can get the transaction information
by browsing the following URL.
http://localhost/rest/api.php?order_id=15478959
You will get the following output.
Above URL is not user friendly, therefore we will rewrite URL through the .htaccess file, copy
paste the following rule in .htaccess file.
RewriteEngine On # Turn on the rewriting engine
RewriteRule âpi/([0-9a-zA-Z_-]*)$ api.php?order_id=$1 [NC,L]
Now you can get the transaction information by browsing the following URL.
http://localhost/rest/api/15478959
You will get the following output.

2. Consume REST API in PHP
To consume a REST API, follow these steps:
1. Create an Index File with HTML Form
2. Fetch Records through CURL
1. Create an Index File with HTML Form
<form action="" method="POST">
<label>Enter Order ID:</label><br />
<input type="text" name="order_id" placeholder="Enter Order ID" required/>
<br /><br />
<button type="submit" name="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
2. Fetch Records through CURL

<?php
if (isset($_POST['order_id']) && $_POST['order_id']!="") {
$order_id = $_POST['order_id'];
$url = "http://localhost/rest/api/".$order_id;
$client = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt($client,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,true);
$response = curl_exec($client);
$result = json_decode($response);
echo "<table>";
echo "<tr><td>Order ID:</td><td>$result->order_id</td></tr>";
echo "<tr><td>Amount:</td><td>$result->amount</td></tr>";
echo "<tr><td>Response Code:</td><td>$result->response_code</td></tr>";
echo "<tr><td>Response Desc:</td><td>$result->response_desc</td></tr>";
echo "</table>";
}
?>
You can do anything with these output data, you can insert or update it into your own
database if you are using REST API of any other service provider. Usually in case of online
transaction, the service provider provides status of payment via API. You can check either
payment is made successfully or not. They also provide a complete guide of it.
Note: Make sure CURL is enabled on your web server or on your localhost when you are
testing demo.
Implementation:
Create a REST API using php.
SQL :-
CREATE DATABASE user_management;

USE user_management;
name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
mobile VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL
);
PHP :-
<?php
header("Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8");
header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *");
header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE");
$dbname = 'user_management';
$user = 'root';
$pass = '';
try {
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
echo json_encode(['message' => 'Database connection failed: ' . $e->getMessage()]);
exit();
}
// Get the request method
$method = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];
// Handle different request methods
switch ($method) {
case 'GET':
if (isset($_GET['id'])) {
// Get user by ID
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?");
$stmt->execute([$_GET['id']]);
echo json_encode($user ? $user : ['message' => 'User not found']);
} else {
// Get all users
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM users");
$stmt->execute();
echo json_encode($users);
break;
case 'POST':
// Create a new user
$data = json_decode(file_get_contents("php://input"));
if (isset($data->name) && isset($data->email) && isset($data->mobile)) {

$stmt = $conn->prepare("INSERT INTO users (name, email, mobile) VALUES (?, ?, ?)");
$stmt->execute([$data->name, $data->email, $data->mobile]);
echo json_encode(['message' => 'User created', 'id' => $conn->lastInsertId()]);
} else {
echo json_encode(['message' => 'Invalid input']);
break;
case 'PUT':
// Update an existing user
$data = json_decode(file_get_contents("php://input"));
if (isset($data->id) && (isset($data->name) || isset($data->email) || isset($data-

>mobile))) {
$fields = [];
$values = [];
if (isset($data->name)) {
$fields[] = "name = ?";
$values[] = $data->name;
if (isset($data->email)) {
$fields[] = "email = ?";
$values[] = $data->email;
if (isset($data->mobile)) {
$fields[] = "mobile = ?";
$values[] = $data->mobile;
}
$values[] = $data->id;
$stmt = $conn->prepare("UPDATE users SET " . implode(', ', $fields) . " WHERE id = ?");
$stmt->execute($values);
echo json_encode(['message' => 'User updated']);
} else {
echo json_encode(['message' => 'Invalid input']);
break;
case 'DELETE':
// Delete a user
if (isset($_GET['id'])) {
$stmt = $conn->prepare("DELETE FROM users WHERE id = ?");
$stmt->execute([$_GET['id']]);
echo json_encode(['message' => 'User deleted']);
} else {
echo json_encode(['message' => 'Invalid ID']);
break;
default:
echo json_encode(['message' => 'Invalid request method']);
break;
?>
Conclusion:
This setup provides a simple REST API using PHP and MySQL for managing users. You
can expand upon this basic structure to include more functionality, error handling, and
security features (like input validation and prepared statements). The API adheres to
REST principles and can be consumed by various clients, such as web applications,
mobile apps, and more.
Quiz:
1. What is REST API?

Ans :- A REST API (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface)
is a web service that allows communication between clients and servers using standard
HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE). It treats data as resources identified by URLs,
is stateless (each request is independent), and commonly uses JSON or XML for data
formatting. REST APIs are popular for their simplicity and scalability in web and mobile
applications.
 https://www.allphptricks.com/create-and-consume-simple-rest-api-in-php/)
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 20
Create an Image slider using jQuery.
Date:
Relevant CO: 6
Objectives:
1. To understand how JQuery Works.

Theory:
JQUERY
The purpose of jQuery is to make it much easier to use JavaScript on your website. jQuery
takes a lot of common tasks that require many lines of JavaScript code to accomplish, and
wraps them into methods that you can call with a single line of code. jQuery also simplifies a
lot of the complicated things from JavaScript, like AJAX calls and DOM manipulation.
The jQuery library contains the following features:
A. HTML/DOM manipulation
B. CSS manipulation
C. HTML event methods
D. Effects and animations
E. AJAX
There are several ways to start using jQuery on your web site.
You can:
 Download the jQuery library from jQuery.com
 Include jQuery from a CDN, like Google
<head>
<script src="jquery-3.6.4.min.js"></script>
</head>
OR
<head>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.4/jquery.min.js
">
</script>
</head>
The jQuery syntax is tailor-made for selecting HTML elements and performing
some action on the element(s).
Basic syntax is:
$(selector).action()
 A $ sign to define/access jQuery
 A (selector) to "query (or find)" HTML elements
 A jQuery action() to be performed on the element(s)
Examples:
$(this).hide() - hides the current element.

$("p").hide() - hides all <p> elements.
$(".test").hide() - hides all elements with class="test".
$("#test").hide() - hides the element with id="test".
All jQuery methods in our examples, are inside a document ready event:
$(document).ready(function(){
// jQuery methods go here…
});
This is to prevent any jQuery code from running before the document is finished loading (is
ready). It is good practice to wait for the document to be fully loaded and ready before
working with it. This also allows you to have your JavaScript code before the body of your
document, in the head section.
jQuery selectors allow you to select and manipulate HTML element(s).
jQuery selectors are used to "find" (or select) HTML elements based on their name, id, classes,
types, attributes, values of attributes and much more. It's based on the existing CSS Selectors,
and in addition, it has some own custom selectors.
All selectors in jQuery start with the dollar sign and parentheses: $().
When a user clicks on a button, all <p> elements will be hidden:
$("button").click(function(){
$("p").hide();
});
});
The jQuery #id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML tag to find the specific element.
An id should be unique within a page, so you should use the #id selector when you want to
find a single, unique element.
To find an element with a specific id, write a hash character, followed by the id of the HTML
element:
$("#test")
When a user clicks on a button, the element with id="test" will be hidden:
$("button").click(function(){
$("#test").hide();
});
});
All the different visitors' actions that a web page can respond to are called events. An event
represents the precise moment when something happens.
Examples:
 moving a mouse over an element
 selecting a radio button
 clicking on an element
The term "fires/fired" is often used with events. Example: "The keypress event is fired, the
moment you press a key". Here are some common DOM events:
Mouse Events Keyboard Events Form Events Document/Window

Events
Click Keypress submit Load
Dblclick Keydown change Resize
Mouseenter Keyup focus Scroll
Mouseleave blur Unload
In jQuery, most DOM events have an equivalent jQuery method. To assign a click event to all
paragraphs on a page, you can do this:
$("p").click();
The next step is to define what should happen when the event fires. You must pass a
function to the event:
$("p").click(function(){
// action goes here!!
});
Commonly Used jQuery Event Methods
$(document).ready()
The $(document).ready() method allows us to execute a function when the document is fully
loaded.
click()
The click() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML element. The function is
executed when the user clicks on the HTML element. The following example says: When a
click event fires on a <p> element; hide the current <p> element:
$("p").click(function(){
$(this).hide();
});
dblclick()
The dblclick() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML element. The function is
executed when the user double-clicks on the HTML element:
$("p").dblclick(function(){
$(this).hide();
});
mouseenter()
The mouseenter() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML element. The function
is executed when the mouse pointer enters the HTML element:
$("#p1").mouseenter(function(){
alert("You entered p1!");
});
Implementation:
Create an Image slider using jQuery.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Image Slider</title>
<style>
#slider {
width: 500px;
height: 300px;
overflow: hidden;
position: relative;
.slides {
display: flex;
width: 200%;
.slides img {
width: 500px;
height: 300px;
.nav {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
transform: translateY(-50%);
background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
color: #fff;
padding: 10px;
cursor: pointer;
.prev { left: 0; }
.next { right: 0; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="slider">
<div class="slides">
<img src="image1.jpg" alt="Image 1">
<img src="image2.jpg" alt="Image 2">
</div>
<span class="nav prev">‹</span>
<span class="nav next">›</span>
</div>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function() {
var currentIndex = 0;
var images = $('.slides img').length;
function showSlide(index) {
$('.slides').css('transform', 'translateX(' + (-index * 500) + 'px)');
$('.next').click(function() {
currentIndex = (currentIndex + 1) % images;
showSlide(currentIndex);
});
$('.prev').click(function() {
currentIndex = (currentIndex - 1 + images) % images;
showSlide(currentIndex);
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output :
Conclusion:
This code creates a basic image slider with "Next" and "Prev" buttons using jQuery to
handle the transitions.
Quiz:
1. What is jquery?
Ans. jQuery is a fast, lightweight JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document
traversing, event handling, animating, and AJAX interactions for rapid web development.
It provides an easy-to-use API that works across various browsers, allowing developers
to write less code to achieve complex tasks
2. Javascript Vs. Jquery
Ans.
**Definition:**
- **JavaScript** is a programming language used for web development, enabling interactive
web pages.
- **jQuery** is a fast, lightweight JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document traversing,
event handling, animations, and AJAX interactions.
**Syntax:**
- JavaScript has a more verbose and complex syntax.
- jQuery provides a shorter and more concise syntax, making it easier to use.
**Functionality:**
- JavaScript can perform all web-related tasks, including DOM manipulation, animations, and
AJAX requests.
- jQuery primarily focuses on DOM manipulation, event handling, and animations.
**Browser Compatibility:**
- JavaScript requires manual handling for cross-browser compatibility issues.
- jQuery automatically manages cross-browser compatibility, reducing the need for extensive
coding.
**Performance:**
- JavaScript is generally faster because it runs natively in the browser.
- jQuery can be slightly slower due to the additional abstraction layer it introduces.
**Learning Curve:**
- JavaScript has a steeper learning curve, especially for beginners.
- jQuery is easier for beginners to grasp due to its simplified API.
In summary, jQuery is built on top of JavaScript to enhance its functionality and ease of
use, but having a solid understanding of JavaScript is essential for advanced web
development.
 https://www.w3schools.com/jquery/jquery_intro.asp
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
Experiment No: 21
Cookie Example
Create HTML form with one textbox and button. Keep button label as SAVE. User will enter
color name in textbox and click on save button. On save, the value of textbox color name
should be saved in COOKIE. Whenever user opens page again, the background color should
be same as saved in cookie. Whenever user opens page again, the background color should be
same as saved in cookie.
Date:
Relevant CO: 6
Objectives:
1. To understand use of COOKIES.

Theory:
### Theory on Cookies in Web Development
**What are Cookies?**
Cookies are small pieces of data that are stored on the user's device by the web browser
while browsing a website. They are used to remember information about the user
between sessions, making web applications more functional and personalized.
**Types of Cookies:**
1. **Session Cookies**: Temporary cookies that are deleted when the browser is closed.
They are used to store temporary information for the duration of the user's visit, such
as login status or items in a shopping cart.
2. **Persistent Cookies**: These cookies remain on the user's device for a specified
period or until they are deleted. They are used to remember user preferences, login
credentials, and other settings across multiple sessions.
3. **First-party Cookies**: Set by the website that the user is currently visiting. They
can be used for analytics, authentication, and user preferences.
4. **Third-party Cookies**: Set by a domain other than the one the user is visiting, often
used for advertising and tracking purposes.
**How Cookies Work:**
- When a user visits a website, the server can send cookies to the user's browser, which
stores them.
- On subsequent visits, the browser sends the cookies back to the server, allowing the
website to retrieve the stored information and customize the experience for the user.
**Use Cases for Cookies:**
- **User Authentication**: Remembering login sessions, so users don't have to log in

every time they visit the website.
- **Personalization**: Storing user preferences (like language or theme) to tailor the

user experience.
- **Tracking and Analytics**: Collecting data about user behavior for marketing and
improvement purposes.
**Creating and Managing Cookies:**
Cookies can be created, read, and deleted using JavaScript. The following methods are
commonly used:
- **Setting a Cookie**:
```javascript
document.cookie = "username=JohnDoe; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 2024 23:59:59 GMT;

path=/";
```
This sets a cookie named ùsername` with a value of `JohnDoe`, which expires at the
end of 2024.
- **Getting a Cookie**:
```javascript
function getCookie(name) {
const value = `; ${document.cookie}`;
const parts = value.split(`; ${name}=`);
if (parts.length === 2) return parts.pop().split(';').shift();
```
This function retrieves the value of a specified cookie.
- **Deleting a Cookie**:
```javascript
document.cookie = "username=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/";
```
This sets the cookie's expiration date to a past date, effectively deleting it.
Conclusion:
Cookies play a crucial role in enhancing the user experience on websites by enabling
persistent data storage. Understanding cookies and their proper usage is essential for
web developers, as it allows for improved functionality and personalization of web
applications. However, it's also important to be mindful of privacy concerns and
regulations, such as GDPR, regarding user consent for cookie usage.
Quiz:
1. What is cookie?
Ans. A cookie is a small piece of data stored on a user's device by a web browser. It is
used to remember information about the user, such as login status, preferences, and
tracking data, allowing for a personalized web experience across sessions. Cookies can
be session-based (temporary) or persistent (lasting until deleted).
2. What is the life of cookie?
Ans. The life of a cookie is defined by its expiration date.
 Session Cookies: These expire when the browser is closed.
 Persistent Cookies: These remain until the specified expiration date set when
the cookie is created, or until the user manually deletes them.
If no expiration date is set, a persistent cookie will expire at the end of the session (like a
session cookie).
 https://www.w3schools.com
Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
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A Laboratory Manual for

Directorate of Technical Education, Gandhinagar,

This is to certify that Mr. Patel Het Pinakinbhai EnrollmentNo.

Name and Sign of Faculty member

Head of the Department

Practical – Course Outcome matrix

Course Outcomes (COs):

side of page (width = 80%). On clicking the

11. Develop a java script to display today’s date. √

Develop simple calculator for addition, subtraction,

Use JavaScript to Implement validation in Practical √

Write a PHP program to check if number is prime

19. Create a REST API using php. √

20. Create an Image slider using jQuery. √

Industry Relevant Skills

Guidelines for Faculty members

1. Teacher should provide the guideline with demonstration of practical to the

Instructions for Students

Sample Rubrics for Practical Evaluation

Understanding of Implementation of Presentation and report Total

Excellent Moderate level Problem not

9 Use Inline CSS to format your resume that

12 Develop simple calculator for addition,

15 Write a PHP program to check if number is

Competency and Practical Skills:

1. To understand architecture of the web browser.

2. To understand HTML request and response headers.

WHAT’S THE BROWSER?

Figure 1 Browser Architecture

Storing the data on the client side.

Basic Flow of HTML processing

Figure 2 Basis Flow of HTML Processing

HTTP Request and Response Messages

HTTP Request Message

The format of an HTTP request message is as follow:

request-header-name: request-header-value1, request-header-value2, ...

Examples of request headers are:

HTTP Response Message

The format of the HTTP response message is as follows:

HTTP Request Methods

The methods are:

1. What is a web browser?

2. List three most popular browser.

3. Draw and explain architecture of the web browser

References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Create your resume using HTML (Suggested sections of resume are

Competency and Practical Skills:

1. To understand HTML Page Structure.

- HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language

- HTML Document consists of three main parts

How to save and check output

- <b> text </b> - for making the text bold.

HTML List Tag

- Unordered HTML List

- Ordered HTML List

- HTML Description Lists

o A description list is a list of terms with a description of each term.

<dd>- Computer Engineering</dd>