EXPERIMENT NO.

AIM:To analyse the given salt for one anion and one cation.(NH4Cl)
S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
I PRELIMINARY TEST
a Colour White Cu+2,Fe+3,Mn+2,Ni+2,Co+2
absent
b Odour(rub salt between moist Ammonical smell NH4+ may be
finger)
c Nature Crystalline -
d Dry heating test Salt sublimes NH4Cl may be
II TEST FOR ANION
a Dil. H2SO4 TEST No reaction CO32- absent
Salt +dil.H2SO4
b Conc.. H2SO4 TEST Colourless gas with Cl- may be
Salt +con.H2SO4 pungent smell gives
dense white fumes when
glass rod dipped in
ammonia solution is
brought near the mouth
of TT
C CONFIRMATORY TEST
(i) Salt+ MnO2+ con.H2SO4 Greenish yellow gas Cl- confirmed
(ii) OS+dil.HNO3+AgNO3 White ppt. of AgCl Cl- confirmed
soluble in excess of
NH4OH
III TEST FOR CATION
a TEST FOR ZERO GROUP
Salt + NaOH + heat Ammonical smell Zero grp present
NH4+ may be
b Bring glass rod dipped in conc. Dense white fumes of NH4+ confirmed
HCl near the mouth of above NH4Cl
TT
c Pass the gas through Nessler’s Reddish brown ppt NH4+ confirmed
reagent
RESULT: The given salt contains
ANION : Cl-
CATION: NH4+
 EXPERIMENT NO.
AIM:To analyse the given salt for one anion and one cation.(NH4Br)
S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
I PRELIMINARY TEST
a Colour White Cu+2,Fe+3,Mn+2,Ni+2,Co+2
absent
b Odour(rub salt between moist Ammonical smell NH4+ may be
finger)
c Nature Crystalline ---
d Dry heating test --- ---
II TEST FOR ANION
a Dil. H2SO4 TEST No reaction CO32- absent
Salt +dil.H2SO4
b Conc.. H2SO4 TEST
Salt +conc.H2SO4 Reddish brown vapour Br- may be
C CONFIRMATORY TEST
(i) Salt+ MnO2+ con.H2SO4+heat Reddish brown gas Br- confirmed
intensifies
(ii) OS+dil.HNO3+AgNO3 Pale yellow ppt. of Br- confirmed
AgBr partially soluble in
excess of NH4OH
III TEST FOR CATION
a TEST FOR ZERO GROUP
Salt + NaOH + heat Ammonical smell Zero grp present
NH4+ may be
b Bring glass rod dipped in conc. Dense white fumes of NH4+ confirmed
HCl near the mouth of above NH4Cl
TT
c Pass the gas through Nessler’s Reddish brown ppt NH4+ confirmed
reagent
RESULT: The given salt contains
ANION : Br-
CATION: NH4+
 EXPERIMENT NO.
AIM: To analyse the given salt for one anion and one cation .
[(NH4)2SO4]
S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
I PRELIMINARY TEST
a Colour White Cu+2,Fe+3,Mn+2,Ni+2,Co+2
absent
b Odour(rub salt between Ammonical smell NH4+ may be
moist finger)
c Nature Crystalline -
II TEST FOR ANION
a Dil. H2SO4 TEST
Salt +dil.H2SO4 No reaction CO32- absent
b Conc.H2SO4 TEST
Salt +conc.H2SO4 No reaction Cl- , Br-,I-,NO3- absent
c TEST FOR SULPHATE White ppt. of BaSO4 SO4-2 confirmed
OS+dil. HCl+BaCl2 insoluble in conc.
HCl or HNO3
III TEST FOR CATION
a TEST FOR ZERO
GROUP Ammonical smell Zero grp present
Salt + NaOH + heat NH4+ may be
b Bring glass rod dipped in Dense white fumes NH4+ confirmed
conc.HCl near the mouth of NH4Cl
of above TT
c Pass the gas through Reddish brown ppt NH4+ confirmed
Nessler’s reagent
RESULT: The given salt contains
ANION : SO42-
CATION: NH4+
 EXPERIMENT NO.

AIM:To analyse the given salt for one anion and one cation. [(NH4)2CO3]

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

I PRELIMINARY TEST
a Colour White Cu+2,Fe+3,Mn+2,Ni+2,Co+2
absent
b Odour(rub salt between Ammonical smell NH4+ may be
moist finger)
c Nature Crystalline -
II TEST FOR ANION
a Dil. H2SO4 TEST Brisk effervescense CO32- confirmed
Salt +dil.H2SO4 of CO2,turns lime
water milky
b OS+MgSO4 solution White ppt. of MgCO3 CO32- confirmed
III TEST FOR CATION
a TEST FOR ZERO GROUP
Salt + NaOH + heat Ammonical smell Zero grp present
NH4+ may be
b Bring glass rod dipped in Dense white fumes NH4+ confirmed
conc. HCl near the mouth of NH4Cl
of above TT
c Pass the gas through Reddish brown ppt. NH4+ confirmed
Nessler’s reagent
RESULT: The given salt contains

ANION : CO32-

CATION: NH4+
 EXPERIMENT NO.

AIM:To analyse the given salt for one anion and one cation. [Pb(NO3)2]

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

I PRELIMINARY TEST
a Colour White Cu+2,Fe+3,Mn+2,Ni+2,Co+2
absent
b Odour(rub salt between No smell NH4+,S2-,CH3COO- absent
moist finger)
c Nature Crystalline & heavy Pb2+ or Ba2+ may be
d Dry heating test( heat salt i) Brown fumes with NO3- may be
in a dry TT) crackling sound
ii) Brown in hot and Pb2+ may be
yellow in cool
II TEST FOR ANION
a Dil. H2SO4 TEST Brisk effervescence CO32- confirmed
Salt +dil.H2SO4 of CO2 turns lime
water milky
b (i) Conc.H2SO4 TEST Brown fumes of NO3- confirmed
Salt +conc.H2SO4 NO2 gas intensifies
on heating after
adding Cu turnings
& solution becomes
blue
(ii) RING TEST
OS+ conc. H2SO4-mix Black brown ring of NO3- confirmed
thoroughly and cool,then nitroso ferrous
add freshly prepared sulphate at the
FeSO4 along the wall of junction of two
TT withouy shaking. liquid
III TEST FOR CATION
a TEST FOR ZERO GROUP
Salt + NaOH + heat No Ammonical Zero grp absent
smell
b TEST FOR FIRST GROUP Dense white ppt. of Group I present
OS + DIL. HCl PbCl2 Pb2+ may be
c Dissolve the white ppt. in
hot water & divide in
three parts
i)Part I+KI Yellow ppt. of PbI2 Pb2+ confirmed
ii) Part II + K2CrO4 Yellow ppt. of Pb2+ confirmed
iii) Part III + Dil. H2SO4 PbCrO4 Pb2+ confirmed
White ppt. of PbSO4

RESULT: The given salt contains

ANION : NO3-

CATION: Pb+2
 EXPERIMENT NO.

AIM:To analyse the given salt for one anion and one cation.(CuSO4)

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

.
I PRELIMINARY TEST
a Colour Blue Cu+2 may be
b Odour(rub salt between Oduerless NH4+ ,S2- ,CH3COO-
moist finger) absent
c Nature Crystalline -
d Dry heating test-heat the Colour changes to CuSO4 may be
salt in a dry TT white from blue
II TEST FOR ANION
a Dil. H2SO4 TEST No reaction CO32-,S2-, CH3COO- ,NO2-
Salt +dil.H2SO4 absent
b Conc. H2SO4 TEST No reaction Cl- , I- ,Br- , NO3- absent
Salt +conc.H2SO4
c Test for SO42- White ppt insoluble SO42- confirmed
OS + BaCl2 solution in mineral acids
III TEST FOR CATION
a TEST FOR ZERO GROUP
Salt + NaOH + heat No reaction ZERO GROUP absent

b TEST FOR FIRST GROUP No reaction FIRST GROUP absent

OS+ dil.H2SO4

c TEST FOR SECOND GROUP Black ppt of Cu2S SECOND GROUP

Pass the H2S gas through present,Cu2+ may be
above solution
i) Dissolve black ppt by
heating in conc. HNO3 &
divide in two parts
Part I+Pottasium Choclate brown ppt Cu2+ confirmed
ferrocyanide
Part II+ NH4OH in excess Blue ppt formed Cu2+ confirmed
dissolve to give ink
blue colour of
tetraamine copper
ion
RESULT: The given salt contains

ANION : SO42-

CATION: Cu2+

EXPERIMENT NO. 10

AIM:To analyse the given salt for one anion and one cation.

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

I PRELIMINARY TEST
a Colour White Cu+2,Fe+3,Mn+2,Ni+2,Co+2
absent
b Odour(rub salt between Odourless NH4+ ,S2- ,CH3COO- absent
moist finger)
c Nature Crystalline
II TEST FOR ANION
a Dil. H2SO4 TEST No reaction CO32-,S2-, CH3COO- ,NO2-
Salt +dil.H2SO4 absent
b Conc. H2SO4 TEST A colourless gas with Cl- confirmed
 Salt +conc.H2SO4 pungent smell,
which gives dense
white fumes when a
rod dipped in
ammonium
hydroxide is brought
near the mouth of
the test tube
c Salt in a test tube, add a Greenish yellow Cl- confirmed
pinch of manganese chlorine gas is
dioxide and 3-4 drops of evolved with
conc. sulphuric acid. Heat pungent odour
the reaction mixture
d Add silver nitrate solution A curdy white Cl- confirmed
to original salt solution precipitate is
obtained which is
soluble in
ammonium
hydroxide solution.
III TEST FOR CATION
a TEST FOR ZERO GROUP
Salt + NaOH + heat No reaction Zero group absent
b TEST FOR FIRST GROUP No reaction First group absent
Salt solution + dil. HCl
c TEST FOR SECOND No reaction Second group absent
GROUP
Pass the H2S gas through
above solution
d TEST FOR THIRD GROUP Gelatinous white Third group present
Salt solution + NH4Cl ppt. Al3+ may be
+NH4OH
e Dissolve the white
precipitate in dilute HCl
and divide into two parts.
i To the first part add A white gelatinous Al3+ confirmed
sodium hydroxide precipitate soluble
solution and warm. in excess of sodium
hydroxide solution.
ii To the second part first A blue floating mass Al3+ confirmed
add blue litmus solution in the colourless
and then ammonium solution is obtained
hydroxide solution drop
by drop along the sides of
the test tube
RESULT: The given salt contains

ANION : Cl-

CATION: Al3+

EXPERIMENT NO. 11

AIM:To analyse the given salt for one anion and one cation.

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

I PRELIMINARY TEST
a Colour Light green Fe+3 present
b Odour(rub salt between Odourless NH4+ ,S2- ,CH3COO-
moist finger) absent
c Nature Crystalline
II TEST FOR ANION
a Dil. H2SO4 TEST No reaction CO32-,S2-, CH3COO- ,NO2-
 Salt +dil.H2SO4 absent
c Conc. H2SO4 TEST No reaction Cl- , I- ,Br- , NO3- absent
Salt +conc.H2SO4
d Test for SO42- White ppt insoluble SO42- confirmed
OS + BaCl2 solution in mineral acids
III TEST FOR CATION
a TEST FOR ZERO GROUP
Salt + NaOH + heat No reaction Zero group absent
b TEST FOR FIRST GROUP No reaction First group absent
Salt solution + dil. HCl
c TEST FOR SECOND GROUP No reaction Second group absent
Pass the H2S gas through
above solution
d TEST FOR THIRD GROUP Reddish brown ppt. Third group present
Salt solution + conc.HNO3 Fe3+ may be
Boil,cool and add NH4Cl
+NH4OH

e Dissolve the Reddish

brown precipitate in dilute
HCl and divide into two
parts.
i To the first part add A blue precipitate / Fe3+ confirmed
potassium ferrocyanide colouration appears.
solution [Potasium
hexacyanoferrate (II)].
ii To the second part add A blood red Fe3+ confirmed
potassium thiocyanate colouration appears.
solution.
RESULT: The given salt contains

ANION : SO42-
CATION: Fe+3