SUT Journal of Mathematics

Vol. 49, No. 2 (2013), 129–143

Geometry of charged rotating black hole

Musavvir Ali and Zafar Ahsan

(Received December 14, 2013; Revised January 13, 2014)

Abstract. Some geometrical aspects of the Kerr-Newman black hole and its
special cases have been studied. It is seen that the Gaussian curvature of the
two or three dimensional induced metrics on some hypersurfaces outside of these
black holes can be expressed in terms of the eigen values of the characteristic
equation and depend upon the physical parameters which describe these black
holes.

AMS 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 83C15, 83C57, 53B50.

Key words and phrases. Kerr-Newman black hole; Gaussian curvature; gravita-
tional field.

§1. Introduction
In 1965, Newman et al. [1] have obtained a solution of Einstein-Maxwell equa-
tions. The corresponding metric in spherical coordinates (r, θ, ϕ, t) is given by
[2]
( )
2 r2 + a2 cos2 θ
(1.1) ds = dr2 + (r2 + a2 cos2 θ)dθ2
r2 + a2 + e2 − 2mr
[ ]
2 2 2 a2 sin2 θ(2mr − e2 )
+ sin θ r + a + dϕ2
r2 + a2 cos2 θ
( ) ( )
2a sin2 θ(2mr − e2 ) 2mr − e2
− dϕdt − 1 − dt2 .
r2 + a2 cos2 θ r2 + a2 cos2 θ

The solution (1.1) is now commonly known as Kerr-Newman solution and

represents the exterior gravitational field of a charged rotating mass; it con-
tains three real parameters; m (mass), e (charge) and a (angular momentum
per unit mass). The Kerr-Newman metric is a generalization of other exact
solutions of Einstein-Maxwell equations in general relativity and reduces to

129
130 M. ALI AND Z. AHSAN

(i) Kerr metric - if the charge e is zero,

(ii) Reissner-Nordström metric - if the angular momentum a is zero,

(iii) Schwarzschild metric - if both the charge e and angular momentum a are
zero,

(iv) Minkowski metric - if the gravitational constant G is zero.

The Kerr-Newman solution with cosmological constant equal to zero, is

also a special case of more general exact solution of the Einstein-Maxwell
equations [1]. The Kerr-Newman solution (1.1) is of Petrov type D with non-
null electromagnetic field. This solution defines a black hole with an event
horizon only when the following relation is satisfied

(1.2) a2 + e2 ≤ m2 .

It is known that rotating black holes are formed due to the gravitational
collapse of a massive spinning star or from the collapse of a collection of stars
or gas with a total non-zero angular momentum. Since most of the stars
rotate, it is expected that most of the black holes in nature are rotating and
thus Kerr-Newman solution represents the gravitational field outside a charged
rotating black hole.
Motivated by the all important role of rotating black holes, in this paper, we
have studied some geometric aspects of Kerr-Newman black hole and discussed
the special cases of this black hole.

§2. Kerr-Newman black hole

The non-zero components of the potential for the gravitation or the metric
tensor for Kerr-Newman spacetime (1.1) in spherical coordinates (r, θ, ϕ, t)
are given by

C D
(2.1) g11 = , g22 = C, g33 = sin2 θ[r2 + a2 + a2 sin2 θ],
E( ) C
D D
g44 =− 1− , g34 = g43 = − (2a sin2 θ),
C C

where

(2.2) C = r2 +a2 cos2 θ, D = 2mr−e2 , E = r2 +a2 +e2 −2mr = r2 +a2 −D.

 GEOMETRY OF CHARGED ROTATING BLACK HOLE 131

The non-zero components of the Christoffel symbols, using equations (2.1),

can be calculated from the formula [5]

(2.3) Γijk = g il Γljk

[ ]
1 il ∂glj ∂gjk ∂gkl
= g − + ,
2 ∂xk ∂xl ∂xj
and are given by equations (A1 − A17). While the non-zero components of
the Riemann curvature tensor for the Kerr-Newman solution (1.1) can be
calculated from the formula (cf., [5])
( 2 )
1 ∂ gil ∂ 2 gjk ∂ 2 gik ∂ 2 gjl
(2.4) Rijkl = + i l− j l− i k
2 ∂xj ∂xk ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x
+ gmn (Γjk Γil − Γjl Γik )
m n m n

by using equations (2.1) and (A1 − A17), and are given by the equations
(B1 − B12). Equations (A1 − A17) and (B1 − B12) are listed in Appendix.
Now for the non-singular case, we can use a 6-dimensional formalism in the
pseudo-Euclidean space R6 and can move to the 6-dimensional formalism by
making the identification
ij: 23 31 12 14 24 34
(2.5)
A: 1 2 3 4 5 6
We also introduce the metric tensor as

(2.6) gik gjl − gil gjk = gijkl → gbAB ,

where A, B = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and gij are the components of the metric tensor at

an arbitrary point of the charged rotating black hole. The tensor gbAB (A, B =
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) is symmetric and non-singular.
The non-zero components of the metric tensor gbAB are given by

(2.7) gb11 (xα ) = sin2 θ[(D + E)C + a2 D sin2 θ],

sin2 θ
gb22 (xα ) = [(D + E)C + a2 D sin2 θ],
E
C2 D−C
gb33 (xα ) = , gb44 (xα ) = , gb55 (xα ) = D − C,
E E
sin2 θ
gb66 (xα ) = [{(D + E)C + a2 D sin2 θ}(D − C) − (a2 D sin2 θ)2 ],
C2
−aD sin2 θ
gb24 (xα ) = , gb15 (xα ) = −aD sin2 θ.
C
In a similar way, we can transform the components of the Riemann curva-
ture tensor as Rijkl → RbAB . Thus, for example R1234 can be written as R
b36
132 M. ALI AND Z. AHSAN

(using identification (2.5)) and is same as equation (B2). The non-zero com-
ponents of the tensor R bAB are Rb11 , R
b22 , R
b33 , R
b44 , R
b55 , R
b66 , R
b36 , R
b24 , R
b21 , R
b25 ,
b b b
R41 , R45 , R15 and are given by (B1 − B12) under the identification (2.5). This
consideration enables us to find a canonical form of the λ-tensor R bAB − λb gAB .
The solutions of the characteristic equation |R bAB − λb gAB | = 0 lead to the eigen
values for the Kerr-Newman spacetime. As such it is difficult to find the eigen
values as the calculations are very long but the procedure for finding the eigen
values has been illustrated for the very similar case of Reissner-Nordström
solution in the next section.
Consider now the case when θ = 0 or θ = π then equation (1.1) reduces to
(as θ is constant, dθ=0)

(2.8) ds2 = P dr2 − P −1 dt2 ,

where

r2 + a2
(2.9) P = .
r2 + a2 + e2 − 2mr

The metric tensor, in coordinates (r, t) is given by

( )
P 0
(2.10) geij = 1 ,
0 −
P
e θ (when θ =
where i, j = 1, 4. Thus the induced metric on the hypersurface H
0 or θ = π) of the charged rotating black hole degenerate to a 2-dimensional
metric.
For a 2-dimensional case, the Riemann curvature tensor has only one inde-
pendent non-zero component, which for the metric (2.8) is given by

2mr(3a2 − r2 ) + r2 e2 − a2 e2
(2.11) R1414 =
(r2 + a2 )3
[ ]
a(ma2 + re2 − mr2 ) ma2 + re2 − mr2
− 1+ 2 .
(r2 + a2 )3 (r + a2 + e2 − 2mr)

Moreover, the Gaussian curvature of the 2-dimensional metric is given by

(2.12) e α ) = R1414 = −R1414 ,

K(x
det geij

where det (egij ) = −1. It may be noted that this Gaussian curvature, expressed
in terms of the only non-zero component of Riemann curvature tensor, depends
on the parameters characterizing the charged rotating black hole.
 GEOMETRY OF CHARGED ROTATING BLACK HOLE 133

§3. Special Cases

Since the Kerr-Newman solution (1.1) is the generalization of other known
solutions of Einstein and Einstein-Maxwell equations, so we shall consider the
following special cases. These considerations will help us to understand yet
another geometrical aspect of black holes.
(i) Kerr black hole
When charge e = 0 then the metric (1.1) reduces to
( 2 )
r + a2 cos2 θ
(3.1) ds2 = dr2 + (r2 + a2 cos2 θ)dθ2
r2 + a2 − 2mr
[ ]
2 2 2 a2 sin2 θ(2mr)
+ sin θ r + a + 2 dϕ2
r + a2 cos2 θ
( ) ( )
4amr sin2 θ 2mr
− dϕdt − 1 − 2 dt2 .
r2 + a2 cos2 θ r + a2 cos2 θ
Equation (3.1) is the well known Kerr metric.
The non-zero components of the Christoffel symbols and Riemann curva-
ture tensor can easily be obtained for the solution (3.1) by taking e = 0 in
equations (A1 − A17) and (B1 − B12), respectively. Using the identification
(2.5), the components of metric tensor (2.6) in 6-dimensional formalism are
given by

(3.2)
gb11 (xα ) = sin2 θ[(D∗ + E ∗ )C + a2 D∗ sin2 θ],
sin2 θ
gb22 (xα ) = [(D∗ + E ∗ )C + a2 D∗ sin2 θ],
E∗
C2 D∗ − C
gb33 (xα ) = ∗ , gb44 (xα ) = , gb55 (xα ) = D∗ − C,
E E∗
sin2 θ
gb66 (xα ) = [{(D∗ + E ∗ )C + a2 D∗ sin2 θ}(D∗ − C) − (a2 D∗ sin2 θ)2 ],
C2
−aD∗ sin2 θ
gb24 (xα ) = , gb15 (xα ) = −aD∗ sin2 θ,
C
where

(3.3) D∗ = 2mr, E ∗ = r2 + a2 − 2mr.

We can also transform the components of Riemann curvature tensor as Rijkl →

bAB . When θ = 0 or θ = π, then equation (3.1) leads to
R

ds2 = Qdr2 − Q−1 dt2 ,

134 M. ALI AND Z. AHSAN

where

r2 + a2
Q= .
r2 + a2 − 2mr

Thus the induced metric on the hypersurface of the Kerr black hole de-
generates to a 2-dimensional metric; and the Gaussian curvature of this 2-
dimensional metric is

[ ]
2mr(3a2 − r2 ) a(ma2 − mr2 ) ma2 − mr2
K(x ) = −
α
+ 1+ 2 .
(r2 + a2 )3 (r2 + a2 )3 (r + a2 − 2mr)

This shows that the Gaussian curvature of the 2-dimensional metric depends
upon the mass and angular momentum of the black hole.

(ii) Reissner-Nordström black hole

When a = 0, the Kerr-Newman metric, given by (1.1), reduces to

( )
2 r2
(3.4) ds = dr2 + r2 dθ2 + r2 sin2 θdϕ2
r2 + e2 − 2mr
( )−1
r2
− dt2 .
r2 + e2 − 2mr

Equation (3.4) represents the metric of the charged black hole and is known as
Reissner-Nordström black hole. We shall now discuss in detail the geometry
of this black hole.
The gravitational potential for the metric (3.4) in spherical coordinates
(r, θ, ϕ, t) is given by

 
r2
 r2 + e2 − 2mr 0 0 0 
 
 0 r2 0 0 
(3.5) gij (xα ) =  .
 0 0 r sin2 θ
2 0 
 
r2 + e2 − 2mr
0 0 0 −
r2

The non-zero components of the Christoffel symbols and Riemann curva-

 GEOMETRY OF CHARGED ROTATING BLACK HOLE 135

ture tensor for the solution (3.14) are given by

e2 − mr2
(3.6) Γ111 = ,
r(r2 + e2 − 2mr)
−(r2 + e2 − 2mr)
Γ122 = ,
r
(r2 + e2 − 2mr) sin2 θ
Γ133 =− ,
r
(r2 + e2 − 2mr)(−mr + e2 )
Γ144 = ,
r5
1
Γ212 = Γ221 = ,
r
Γ233 = − sin θ cos θ,
1
Γ313 = Γ331 = ,
r
Γ323 = Γ332 = cot θ,
(re2 − mr2 )
Γ414 = Γ441 = ,
r(r2 + e2 − 2mr)

and
e2 − mr
(3.7) R1212 = ,
r2 + e2 − 2mr
e2 − 2mr
R1414 = ,
r4
R2323 = sin2 θ(2mr − e2 ),
(mr − e2 )(r2 + e2 − 2mr)
R2424 = ,
( r4 )
e2 − mr
R3131 = sin2 θ 2 ,
r + e2 − 2mr
sin2 θ(mr − e2 )(r2 + e2 − 2mr)
R3434 = .
r4
Moreover, for the 6-dimensional formalism, using identification (2.5) and
equation (2.6), the non-zero components of the metric tensor are

r4 sin2 θ
(3.8) gb11 (xα ) = r4 sin2 θ, gb22 (xα ) = ,
r2 + e2 − 2mr
r4
gb33 (xα ) = , gb44 (xα ) = −1,
r2 + e2 − 2mr
gb55 (xα ) = 2mr − r2 − e2 , gb66 (xα ) = (2mr − r2 − e2 ) sin2 θ.
136 M. ALI AND Z. AHSAN

bAB are given by

While the non-zero components of R

(3.9) b11 (xα ) = sin2 θ(2mr − e2 ),

R
( )
b22 (xα ) = sin2 θ e2 − 2mr
R ,
r2 + e2 − 2mr
b33 (xα ) = e2 − mr
R ,
r2 + e2 − 2mr
b44 (xα ) = e − 2mr ,
2
R
r4
b55 (xα ) = (e − 2mr)(r + e − 2mr) ,
2 2 2
R 4
r
b66 (xα ) = sin θ(mr − e )(r + e − 2mr) .
2 2 2 2
R
r4

bAB −λb
Now, it only remains to find the canonical form of the λ-tensor R gAB .
It can easily be shown that the solution of the characteristic equation

bAB − λb
|R gAB | = 0

is given by

2mr − e2
(3.10) λ1 (r) = λ4 (r) =
r4
or

3e2 − mr
(3.11) λ2 (r) = λ3 (r) = λ5 (r) = λ6 (r) = .
r4
It may be noted that λi (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) can be treated as the eigen values
(see [3]).
− −
Consider now the case when θ = 0 or θ = π (the hypersurface H 0 or H π )
so that the 4-dimensional space of the charged black hole (3.4) degenerates to
2-dimensional metric given by
( ) ( )−1
r2 r2
(3.12) 2
ds = dr −
2
dt2 .
r2 + e2 − 2mr r2 + e2 − 2mr

The only non-zero component of the Riemann curvature tensor for the 2-
dimensional metric (3.12) is given by

− e2 − 2mr
(3.13) R1414 (xα ) = .
r4
 GEOMETRY OF CHARGED ROTATING BLACK HOLE 137

−
Thus, the Gaussian curvature K of the 2-dimensional induced metric on the
− −
hypersurface H 0 or H π is
−
− −α R1414 (xα ) 2mr − e2
(3.14) K(x ) = −
= .
| g ij | r4

From equations (3.10) and (3.14) it may be noted that the curvature of
− −
the 2-dimensional metric on the hypersurface H 0 or H π induced from the
Reissner-Nordström metric is related to the eigen values λ1 or λ4 . That is the
Gaussian curvature of the 2-dimensional metric is expressed in terms of the
λ-tensor.
While for the case 2m < r < ∞, 0 < θ < π and ϕ = 0, equation (3.4)
reduces to
( ) ( )−1
r2 r2
(3.15) 2
ds = dr + r dθ −
2 2 2
dt2 .
r2 + e2 − 2mr r2 + e2 − 2mr
Here  
r2
 r2 + e2 − 2mr 0  0
∗  
g ij =  0 0 r2.
 
r2 + e2 − 2mr
0 0 −
r2
The only non-zero components of the Riemann curvature tensor for the
3-dimensional metric (3.15) are given by

∗ e2 − mr
(3.16) R1212 (xα ) = ,
r2 + e2 − 2mr
∗ e2 − 2mr
R1414 (xα ) = ,
r4
∗ (e2 − mr)(r2 + e2 − 2mr)
R2424 (xα ) = .
r4
So that the sectional curvatures for 3-dimensional metric at each point xα ≡
(r, θ, t) is given by the following three quantities
∗R e2 − mr
α)
∗ 2424 (x
(3.17a) K1 (xα ) = ,=
|∗ g24 | r4
∗R α 2mr − e2
∗ 1414 (x )
(3.17b) K2 (xα ) = = ,
|∗ g14 | r4
∗R α e2 − mr
∗ 1212 (x )
(3.17c) K4 (xα ) = = ,
|∗ g12 | r4
138 M. ALI AND Z. AHSAN

where x1 = r, x2 = θ, x4 = t and ∗ g24 denotes the sub-matrix of ∗ gij corre-

sponding to x1 = r.
From equations (3.10), (3.11) and (3.17) it may be noted that the sectional
curvature of the 3-dimensional spacetime of Reissner-Nordström black hole
can be expressed in terms of a λ-tensor which happens to be the solutions
bAB − λb
(eigen-values) of the characteristic equation |R gAB | = 0.
(iii) Schwarzschild Black hole
When we take a = e = 0 in equation (1.1), the Kerr-Newman black hole
reduces to Schwarzschild black hole and in such case the gravitational field
has been discussed by Borgiel [4].

§4. Conclusion
An attempt has been made to investigate some geometrical properties of
charged rotating black holes. Different cases that arise from this black hole
have been considered and the case of Reissner-Nordström solution (charged
black hole) has been discussed in detail to illustrate the procedure for ob-
bAB − λb
taining the solutions of the characteristic equation |R gAB | = 0. It is
seen that the sectional curvature of the two and three dimensional metrics on
the above hypersurfaces induced from the Riessner-Nordström metric of these
black holes can be expressed in terms of the solutions of the characteristic
equation and depends upon the parameters which describe these black holes.

Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to Dr. A. H. Hasmani, Sardar Patel university, Val-
lah Vidyanagar (Gujrat) for verifying equations (B1 − B12) through MATH-
EMATICA. One of us (MA) is thankful to Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR), India for financial support under grant no. 09/112(0448)/
2010-EMR-I.

References
[1] E. T. Newman, E. Couch, K. Chinnapared, A. Exton, A. Prakash and R. Tor-
rence, Metric of a rotating charged mass, J. Math. Phys. 6 (1965), 918–919.

[2] H. Stephani, D. Krammer, M. MacCallum and E. Herlt, Exact solutions of Ein-

steins field equations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2003).

[3] V. D. Zakharov, Gravitational waves in Einstein’s theory, Halsted Press, A divi-

sion of John Wiley and sons, Inc. New York (1973)
 GEOMETRY OF CHARGED ROTATING BLACK HOLE 139

[4] W. Borgiel, The gravitational field of the Schwarzschild spacetime, Diff. Geom.
and its Application 29 (2011), S207–S210.

[5] Z. Ahsan, Tensor analysis with application, Anshan Pvt. Ltd. Tunbridge Wells,
United Kingdom (2008).
140 M. ALI AND Z. AHSAN

Appendix

C(m − r) + Er
(A1) Γ111 = .
CE
a2 AD sin θ cos θ
(A2) Γ112 = .
(AB + a2 D2 sin2 θ)C
−rE
(A3) Γ122 = .
C
E sin2 θ{rC 2 − (mC + rD)a2 sin2 θ}
(A4) Γ133 = .
C3
aE sin2 θ
(A5) Γ134 = .
C3
E(mC − rD)
(A6) Γ144 = .
C3
a2 sin θ cos θ
(A7) Γ211 = .
CE
r
(A8) Γ212 = .
C
−a2 sin θ cos θ
(A9) Γ222 = .
C
− sin θ cos θ{(D + E)C 2 + 2a2 CD sin2 θ + a4 D sin4 θ
(A10) Γ233 = .
C3
−aD(D + E) sin θ cos θ
(A11) Γ234 = .
C3
a2 Dsinθ cos θ
(A12) Γ244 = .
C3
{(a2 sin2 θ)(mC − rD)}(B − D) rBC
(A13) Γ313 = 2 + .
2 2
(AB + a D sin θ)C AB + a2 D2 sin2 θ
a(mC − rD)(D − B)
(A14) Γ314 = .
(AB + a2 D2 sin2 θ)C
{ }
1 −a2 D2 sin 2θ(C + a2 sin2 θ)
(A15) Γ323 =
2 (AB + a2 D2 sin2 θ)C sin2 θ
{ }
1 BC
+
2 (AB + a2 D2 sin2 θ) sin2 θ
{ }
2 3 a4 D sin2 θ sin 2θ
(D + E) sin 2θ + 4a CD sin θ cos θ + .
C2
−a sin θ cos θ{a2 D + (D + E)B}
(A16) Γ324 = .
(AB + a2 D2 sin2 θ)C
(mC − rD){A + a2 D sin2 θ}
(A17) Γ414 = .
C{AB + a2 D2 sin2 θ}
 GEOMETRY OF CHARGED ROTATING BLACK HOLE 141

[{ }2
a2 cos 2θ C a2 AD sin θ cos θ
(B1) R1212 = + 2
D E (AB + a2 D2 sin2 θ)C
] ( 2 )
rE(rE − C(r − m)) r a2 sin2 θ cos θ
+ + + − 1.
C 2D C CE
−a(a2 m + 4e2 r − 6mr2 + a2 m cos 2θ sin 2θ)
(B2) R1234 = .
[ F2 ]
−a2 D sin2 θ + 4a2 (mC − rD) sin θ cos θ
(B3) R1313 = − sin θ 1 +
2
C3
rE − C(r − m)
+ sin2 θ[rC 2 − a2 sin2 θ(mC + rD)]
BC 3
a2 sin2 θ cos2 θ
+ [(D + E)C 2 + 2a2 CD sin2 θ + a4 D sin4 θ]
C{3 D }
2 a2 D sin2 θ
+ sin θ (D + E +
C
{ 2 2 }
(a sin θ(mC − rD))(B − D) rBC
+ .
(AB + a2 D2 sin2 θ)C AB + a2 D2 sin2 θ
4a cos 2θ sin2 θ
(B4) R1314 = [−a6 D + 2r2 {−3e4 + 4e2 (2m − r)r
DF 3
+ mr2 (−4m + 3r)} + a4 {e4 + mr(−7 + 4mr − 4r2 )
+ e2 (1 − 4mr + 2r2 )} + a2 {e4 (1 + r2 )
+ e2 r(−7r + r3 − 8m − 4mr2 )
+ mr2 (12m + 4mr2 − r − 2r3 )} + a{a4 D + e4 (1 + r4 )
+ e2 r(r + r3 − 8m − 4mr2 ) + mr2 (12m + 4mr2 − 7r − 2r3 )}
+ a2 {e4 + mr(−7 + 4mr − 4r2 ) + e2 (1 − 4mr + 2r2 )}].
[
a2 cos θ sin θ
(B5) R1323 = 2EF {rE − a2 (m − r) cos 2θ} sin2 θ
2EC 3
{ }
−2a2 D(D + E)(a2 m − 2rD + a2 m cos 2θ sin4 θ)
+
F
− 4EC{a2 r cos4 θ + cos2 θ(2r3 + a2 m sin2 θ)}
EC
+ 2 (3a2 − ae2 + 8mr + 8r2 + 4E cos 2θ + a2 cos4 θ)
F
{a r cos4 θ + cos2 θ(2a2 r3 + a4 m sin2 θ)
4

+ r(r4 + a2 (e2 − mr) sin2 θ)} − 10a2 E sin2 θ{a4 r cos4 θ

+ cos2 θ(2a2 r3 + a4 m sin2 θ) + r5 + a2 r(e2 − mr) sin2 θ}
− 2{r(mr − a2 − e2 ) − a(m − r) cos2 θ}{a2 r4 + r6
+ a2 (D + E) cos4 θ + 2a2 r2 D sin2 θ + a4 D sin4 θ
142 M. ALI AND Z. AHSAN

]
+ 2a cos θ(a r + r − a e sin θ) + a mrsin 2θ} .
2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 2

CD + 4r(mC − rD)
(B6) R1414 =
C3
[{ } ]
a(mC − rD)(A + a2 D sin2 θ) 2 D − C
+
C(AB + a2 D2 sin2 θ) C
( 2 )[ ]
2
2
a D sin θ a(mC − rD)(D − B) 2
+ sin θ E + D + ]
C C(AB + a2 D2 sin2 θ)
a(mC − rD)(−rC + mC + rE) a4 D sin2 θ cos2 θ
− − .
C3 C 3E
−a sin 2θ
(B7) R1423 = [−9a6 m − 13a4 e2 m − 36a4 e2 r − 40a2 e4 r
2EF 3
+ 26a4 m2 r + 35a4 mr2 + 120a2 e2 mr2 − 60a2 e2 r3 − 32e4 r3
− 80a2 m2 r3 + 76a2 mr4 + 104e2 mr4 − 24e2 r5 − 80m2 r5
+ 32mr6 − 4a2 {2a4 m + 3a2 (e2 (m − r) + mr(−2m + 3r))}
+ r{−2e4 + e2 (10m − 3r)r + mr2 (−12m + 7r)} cos θ
+ a4 mE cos 4θ].
D 2 2
(B8) R2323 = −(D + E) cos 2θ − [c {a (C cos 2θ − 2a2 sin2 θ cos2 θ)
C4
− a4 (3 sin2 θ cos2 θ − sin4 θ)}
− (a2 C sin θ cos θ + a4 sin3 θ cos θ)(−2a2 C sin2 θ cos2 θ)]
rE sin2 θ
− (rC 2 − ma2 C sin2 θ − a2 rD sin2 θ)
C3
a2 sin2 θ cos2 θ
− 3
[(D + E)C 2 + 2a2 CD sin2 θ + a4 D sin2 θ]
C
{ }
sin2 θ a2 D sin2 θ
+ (D + E) +
2 C
[{ 2 2 }
−a D (C sin 2θ + 2a sin3 θ cos θ)
3

(AB + a2 D2 sin2 θ)C

BC
+ {2(D + E) cos2 θ
(AB + a D2 sin2 θ) sin2 θ
2
]
2 3 4 5
+ 4a CD sin θ cos θ + 2a D sin θ cos θ} .
 GEOMETRY OF CHARGED ROTATING BLACK HOLE 143

[ {
a 1
(B9) R2324 = 2CDE(D + E) cos θ + 2 −CDE(D + E)
2
2EC 3 F
cos2 θ(3a4 − 4a2 e2 + 8a2 mr + 8a2 r2 + 8r4 + 4a2 E cos 2θ
+ a4 cos4 θ − 2CDE(D + E) sin2 θ)
}
+ r(a2 − D + a2 (m − r) cos2 θ)(E + a2 m cos 2θ) sin2 θ
{ 2 2 } ]
4a D E sin4 θ cos2 θ 5 2 2
+ + a DE(D + E) sin θ .
F 2a
−a D(C cos θ + a sin2θ) rE(mC − rD)
2 2
(B10) R2424 = +
C3 C3
4 2 2
a D sin θ cos θ
+
C3
{ }{ }2
a2 D sin2
2
+ sin θ (E + D + (aD sin θ cos θ)(a D − B) .
2 2
C
[
1
(B11) R3434 = 5 a4 E sin4 θ − (mC − rD)E sin2 θ{rC 2 − a2 sin2 θ
C
(mC − rD)} + {aD(D + E) sin θ cos θ}2 − a2 D2 sin2 θ cos2 θ
]
{C (D + E) + 2a CD sin θ + a D sin θ} .
2 2 2 4 4

(B12) R1342 = −(R1234 + R1423 ).

Here

A = (r2 + a2 )(r2 + a2 cos2 θ),

B = (r2 + a2 cos2 θ) − (2mr − e2 ),
C = (r2 + a2 cos2 θ),
D = (2mr − e2 ),
E = (r2 + a2 + e2 − 2mr),
F = (a2 + 2r2 + a2 cos 2θ).

Musavvir Ali
Department of Mathematics,
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (INDIA) -202002
E-mail : musavvir.alig@gmail.com

Zafar Ahsan
Department of Mathematics,
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (INDIA) -202002
E-mail : zafar.ahsan@rediffmail.com