Tick the two correct boxes.

Ability to roll the tongue.

Presence of ear lobes.

Mass of the pupil.

Circumference of the head.

Sex of the pupil.

2 marks
Maximum 6 marks

Q7. (a) The table below shows the melting points of four metals.

melting point,
metal
in °C
gold 1064

mercury –37

sodium 98

iron 1540

(i) Which metal in the table has the highest melting point?

............................................................
1 mark

(ii) Which metal in the table has the lowest melting point?

............................................................
1 mark

(b) Gold can be a gas or a liquid or a solid.

Choose from these words to fill the gaps below.

When gold is heated from room temperature to 1070°C, the gold

changes from a ................................. to a ................................... .

1 mark

Page 9 of 42
(c) 5 g of gold is melted and all of it is poured into a mould to make a pendant as shown
below.

What is the mass of the gold pendant?

........................... g
1 mark

(d) The table below shows how the four metals react with oxygen when heated in air.

reaction when
metal
heated in air
gold no change
slowly forms a
mercury
red powder
bursts into flames
sodium
straight away
very slowly turns
iron
black

(i) Which is the most reactive metal in the table?

............................................................
1 mark

(ii) Which is the least reactive metal in the table?

............................................................
1 mark
Maximum 6 marks

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Q8. Four shiny iron nails are put in small sealed plastic boxes.
The labels show what else is in the boxes.

(a) (i) In which two boxes will the iron not rust or corrode?

.............................. and ..............................

2 marks

(ii) In which box will the iron corrode the most?

.........................................
1 mark

(b) Many parts of bicycles are made from iron or steel. These parts can rust easily, even
indoors. Give two ways to stop these parts rusting.

1. .................................................................................................................

2. .................................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 5 marks

Page 11 of 42
Q9. An alloy is a mixture of elements.
The table shows the mass of each element present in 100 g of five different alloys,
bronze, solder, steel, stainless steel and brass.

mass of each element in 100 g of alloy

alloy lead tin copper zinc carbon iron chromium nickel
(g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g)
bronze 4 95 1

solder 62 38

steel 1 99
stainless 70 20 10
steel
brass 67 33

(a) Which alloy in the table above contains an element which is a non-metal?

.............................................................
1 mark

(b) Which two alloys in the table contain only two metals?

........................................................ and .........................................................

1 mark

(c) Another alloy called nichrome contains only the elements chromium and nickel.
100 g of nichrome contains 20 g of chromium.

How much nickel does it contain?

……… g
1 mark

(d) Before 1992, two-pence coins were made of bronze.

Steel rusts but bronze does not rust.

(i) Why does bronze not rust?

Use information in the table above to help you.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Rusting requires water and a gas from the air.

Give the name of this gas.

.............................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Page 12 of 42
Q10. Jill bought a can of Wax Seal to spray the parts underneath her car.

Wax Seal helps to prevent these parts rusting.

It is a mixture of wax and a liquid called white spirit.

(a) (i) The body of Jill’s car is made from steel. Steel contains iron.

Give two substances that are needed for iron to rust.

1. ..................................................
1 mark

2. ..................................................
1 mark

(ii) How does Wax Seal help to protect the car from rusting?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) Wax Seal can also be used on the upper parts of a car.

What else protects parts such as the doors from rusting?

................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) The metal parts of a car may corrode.

What type of air pollution could cause corrosion?

..............................................
1 mark

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(c) The diagram below shows the mixture of particles of wax and white spirit in Wax
Seal.

not to scale

After Jill sprays the car, the white spirit evaporates leaving a layer of solid wax on
the surface.

(i) In the box below, draw eight circles, , to show the arrangement of
particles in a gas.

particles in a gas
1 mark

(ii) In the box below, draw eight circles, , to show the arrangement of
particles in a solid.

particles in a solid
1 mark
maximum 7 marks

Page 14 of 42
Q11. The table shows the observations made when four metals are added to cold water and to
dilute hydrochloric acid.

(a) Write the names of these four metals in the order of their reactivity.

most reactive ..................................................

..................................................

least reactive .................................................

..................................................
1 mark

(b) (i) Give the name of another metal, not in the table, which reacts in a similar
way to potassium.

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) What gas is formed when zinc reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) The experiment with potassium and dilute hydrochloric acid should not be
done in school laboratories. Suggest why it is dangerous.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

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 (c) A scientist set up two test-tubes as shown below.

In test-tube B the zinc strip was slowly covered with a grey deposit.
Nothing happened in the other test-tube.

(i) What was the grey deposit in test-tube B?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Why was this grey deposit formed in test-tube B?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) Explain why no reaction took place in test-tube A.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 7 marks

##

(a) Sasha placed small samples of four different metals on a spotting tile.
She added drops of calcium nitrate solution to each metal.

Sasha repeated the experiment with:

• fresh samples of the four metals and copper nitrate solution

• fresh samples of the four metals and iron nitrate solution.

Page 16 of 42
 Will a reaction take place when each of the metals is added to each of
the solutions?
Use the reactivity series below to help you.

most reactive calcium

magnesium
aluminium
zinc
iron
lead
least reactive copper

In the table below:

• place a tick, , to show that a reaction took place

• place a cross, X, to show that no reaction took place.

Two have been done for you.

metal
salt solution
copper iron magnesium zinc

calcium nitrate

copper nitrate X

iron nitrate X
3 marks

(b) Three pairs of chemicals are listed below.

A reaction only takes place with two of the pairs.

Draw a line from each reaction to the correct result.

Draw only three lines.

2 marks
maximum 5 marks

Page 17 of 42
Q13. An experiment is carried out to find the relative reactivities of four metals: copper,
magnesium, iron and zinc.

Strips of three of the metals are placed in dilute solutions of different sulphates, as shown
below, and left for the same length of time

(a) Use the information in the table to place the four metals in order of reactivity.

most reactive ............................................................

............................................................

............................................................

least reactive ............................................................

1 mark

(b) Use the appropriate descriptions given in the table to help you complete the three missing
parts of the table.
2 marks

(c) The concentrations of the solutions are the same.

Suggest which of the four experiments gives out the most energy.

......................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

Page 18 of 42
M7. (a) (i) iron
do not accept ‘1540°C’
1 (L3)

(ii) mercury
do not accept ‘–37°C’
1 (L3)

(b) solid to a liquid

answers must be in the correct order
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L3)

(c) 5
1 (L3)

(d) (i) sodium

1 (L3)

(ii) gold
1 (L3)
[6]

M8. (a) (i) A and D

2 (L4)

(ii) C
answers may be in either order
1 (L4)

Page 32 of 42
 (b) any two from

• paint them
accept ‘varnish it’

• grease them
accept ‘WD40’

• oil them
accept ‘plate them’ or ‘chrome them’

• galvanise them
or ‘coat them with zinc or tin’

• coat them with plastic

accept ‘cover them in plastic’
do not accept ‘keep them dry’ or ‘keep air away’
do not accept ‘make them from stainless steel’
or any idea of replacement
2 (L4)
[5]

M9. (a) steel

do not accept ‘stainless steel’
do not accept ‘carbon’
1 (L5)

(b) • brass

• solder
answers may be in either order
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L5)

(c) 80
accept ‘100 – 20’
1 (L5)

(d) (i) it does not contain iron

accept ‘it does not contain steel’
accept ‘only iron rusts’ or ‘only steel rusts’
accept ‘it is made of tin, copper and zinc’
1 (L6)

(ii) oxygen
accept ‘O2’
1 (L6)
[5]

Page 33 of 42
M10. (a) (i) • oxygen
1 (L6)

• water
1 (L6)
answers may be in either order
‘air’ is insufficient
‘moisture’ or ‘dampness’ or ‘wet’ are insufficient

(ii) any one from

• it prevents contact between the steel or the car and oxygen

or water

• it is waterproof or water runs off

accept ‘it prevents air getting to the car’
accept ‘wax fills scratches or chips where paint is damaged’
‘it forms a protective layer’ is insufficient
1 (L5)

(iii) any one from

• paint

• chrome
accept ‘they are coated in zinc’
or ‘they are galvanised’
accept ‘polish’
‘rust treatment’ is insufficient
‘cover it’ is insufficient
1 (L5)

(b) • acid rain

accept ‘sulphur dioxide’
accept ‘oxides of nitrogen’
accept ‘car exhaust fumes’
accept ‘burning fossil fuels’
accept ‘sea air’ or ‘salty air’ or ‘salt’
‘carbon dioxide’ is insufficient
1 (L6)

(c) (i) • gas: particles randomly arranged and most not touching

accept black shaded circles if drawn correctly

accept fewer or more than 8 circles if the arrangement is clear
ignore arrows attached to circle
1 (L6)

Page 34 of 42
 (ii) • solid: particles regularly arranged and all touching

accept white circles if drawn correctly

accept 2 rows of particles with at least 2 particles in the
second row
accept fewer or more than 8 circles if a regular
arrangement is clear
ignore location of circles in box
do not accept a single row of circles
1 (L6)
[7]

M11. (a) • potassium

• zinc

• nickel

• platinum
1 (L5)
all four metals in the correct order are required for the mark

(b) (i) sodium

accept ‘caesium’
1 (L6)

(ii) hydrogen
1 (L6)

(iii) any one from

• the reaction is too violent

accept ‘it explodes’ or ‘acid goes everywhere’

• potassium is too reactive

1 (L5)

(c) (i) platinum

1 (L6)

(ii) answers must refer to the reactivity of both metals

any one from

• zinc displaces platinum from solution

• zinc is higher than platinum in the reactivity series

accept ‘zinc is more reactive than platinum’

• platinum is lower than zinc in the reactivity series

accept ‘platinum is less reactive than zinc’
1 (L6)

Page 35 of 42
 (iii) any one from

• zinc is less reactive than potassium

• potassium is more reactive than zinc

accept ‘zinc does not displace potassium from
potassium chloride or the solution’
1 (L6)
[7]

##

(a)

copper iron magnesium zinc

calcium
X X X X
nitrate

copper
nitrate

iron
X
nitrate

award one mark for each correct row

3 (L7)

(b)

if all three answers are correct, award two marks

if one or two answers are correct, award one mark
if more than one line is drawn from a pair of reactants,
award no credit for that pair
2 (L7)
[5]

Page 36 of 42
M13. (a) magnesium Mg answers must be in the correct order

zinc or Zn all four are required for the mark

iron Fe

copper Cu
1

(b) one mark is for the left hand box;

the other mark is for the two right hand boxes

* dark * accept ‘copper coloured’

brown
grey or ‘black’ for brown

colourless accept ‘almost colourless’

(c) Mg + CuSO4 or Mg and CuSO4

Accept ‘the right hand’ or ‘the fourth one’
1
[4]

M14. (a) down

1 (L3)

(b) Ellie and Maggy

names may be in either order
both names are required for the mark
do not accept ‘540 and 540’
this rules out the same person being used twice
1 (L3)

(c) A B

up down

award the mark if only one of these correct

responses is given provided an incorrect response
is not written in the other box
1 (L3)

Page 37 of 42