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FACTORS INFLUENCING SIBTECH CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTS TO CHOOSE LAW

ENFORCEMENT AS A CAREER PROFESSION: AN ASSESSMENT

A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of
SOUTHWESTERN INSTITUTE OF BUISENESS AND TECHNOLOGY

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

By:

FEROLINO, MARIA GLAIZA R.

FERRERA, CLARA B.
JANDUSAY, JOHN PAUL I.
MALUNDRAS, MARK JOSEPH R.
PELAEZ, ROGER D.
RANIDO, CHRISTIAN L.
RAPADA, JAMAICA KRIZLE J.

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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter covers the introduction, background of the study, theoretical framework, and

conceptual model, statement of the problem, scope and limitation of the study. It also shows the

significance of the study. In the last part of this chapter, the definition of terms was stated.

Introduction

The choice of a career is one of the most significant decisions an individual makes in

their lifetime. For criminology students, this decision often revolves around entering the field of

law enforcement, a profession marked by dedication to public safety and justice. Understanding

this factors that influence students to pursue law enforcement as a career is critical in

determining the relationship between the profile and the factors that influence third year Sibtech

criminology students to choose law enforcement career as a profession.

In recent years, there’s been a growing interest in understanding the motivations behind

this choice. As society evolves, so too does the role of law enforcement in maintaining public

safety, upholding the law, and ensuring justice. These changing dynamics have made law

enforcement a prominent, and sometimes controversial, profession.

As discussed by Phillips (2017), “The tradition of law enforcement often runs in families,

where the values of service, integrity, and courage are passed down, creating a generational link

that drives career choices.”

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Moreover, Dr. Peter Kraska, known for his work on police culture and criminal justice

education, states, “The decision to enter law enforcement is influenced not only by individual

aspirations but also by the environment in which students are educated. Peer influence, personal

and the portrayal of law enforcement in media all contribute to shaping the student’s career

trajectory” (Kraska, 2018). These environmental factors, combined with family support and

opportunities for real-world exposure, help solidify the student’s commitment to a career in law

enforcement.

Theoretical Framework

This introduction study is supported by the following theories:

A substantial number of criminology students come from families with a history in law

enforcement. This familial tradition can inspire students to follow in the footsteps of their

parents, siblings, or other relatives, often providing a sense of pride and identity linked to the

profession. Research suggests that career choices often run in families due to shared values and

exposure. Wang and Chen (2017) found that children from law enforcement families often

inherit similar occupational interests and values through family role modeling.

Parents play a crucial role in encouraging and supporting career decisions, including law

enforcement. Students whose parents emphasize job security, social contribution, and the

prestige associated with law enforcement may be more likely to consider it as a career option.

Parental approval and encouragement can strongly influence career selection. According to

Eccles’ (1993) Expectancy-Value Model, parents’ expectations and the value they place on

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certain careers can shape their children’s career choices by affecting their self-perception and

aspirations.

Surette (2015) notes that media portrayals of law enforcement often highlight the thrill of

solving crimes, the justice-oriented mission, and the respect afforded to law enforcement

officers, which can significantly shape career aspirations.

Social media platforms can expose students to law enforcement careers by showcasing

real-life police work, community outreach, and success stories from officers. Many law

enforcement agencies now use social media to highlight positive interactions and achievements,

which can influence students’ perceptions and career choices. Harrington (2020) discusses the

role of social media in shaping contemporary career aspirations, noting that the digital portrayal

of law enforcement has become an important tool for recruitment and public relations, further

encouraging students to join the profession.

Rokeach (1973) suggests that individuals are often motivated by a need for social

affiliation, and their career choices are shaped by peer norms and group values, especially when

they feel a sense of belonging and solidarity with their peer group. Students who observe their

peers thriving or succeeding in law enforcement roles may view them as role models. Peer

mentoring or informal guidance can encourage others to explore similar paths. Seeing a friend or

classmate secure a law enforcement job and hearing about their positive experiences can

reinforce the appeal of the profession.

Bandura’s (1986) social learning theory suggests that individuals are likely to emulate

behaviors and choices they observe in their peer groups, especially if they perceive those choices

as beneficial or socially rewarding. The collective perception of law enforcement as a prestigious

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or respected profession within the peer group can also sway students’ decisions. If peers hold law

enforcement careers in high regard, other students may seek similar positions to gain social

approval and support from their social circles.

Holland’s (1997) Theory of Career Choice suggests that individuals are more likely to

choose professions that match their personal interests and personality types. Students who are

investigative, social, or enterprising by nature may find law enforcement appealing as it allows

them to explore these traits in a professional setting.

Schwartz’s (1992) values theory indicates that individuals prioritize career paths that

align with their deeply held personal values. For criminology students who hold social justice

and public safety as core values, law enforcement may offer a direct way to act on these

convictions.

Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) research highlights how personal experiences shape

perceptions of crime and deviance, influencing career decisions in criminology and related fields.

Lent, Brown, and Hackett’s (1994) Social Cognitive Career Theory emphasizes the

importance of self-efficacy, or one’s belief in their abilities, in shaping career choices.

Criminology students with strong self-efficacy related to law enforcement tasks are more likely

to pursue careers in this field.

CONCEPTUAL MODEL

OUTPUT

INPUT Proposed programs/

improvement plan for the
Criminology Course
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1.1 Family
1.2 Peers
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Figure 1
Paradigm of the Study

Statement of Hypothesis

This study hypothesizes that family, personal, peers, and media are significant factors

influencing the decision of SIBTECH criminology students to pursue a career in law

enforcement. The nature and extent of these influences will determine the students' inclination

towards a profession in law enforcement.

Criminology students with family members in law enforcement or who receive strong

familial encouragement are more likely to choose law enforcement as a career. Students who

have friends already pursuing or showing interest in law enforcement careers are more inclined

to follow similar paths. Students who are part of peer groups with a shared interest in

criminology and law enforcement are more likely to choose law enforcement as a profession.

Students exposed to media portrayals of law enforcement (such as through TV shows, movies,

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documentaries, and social media) that depict the profession positively are more likely to be

influenced to pursue a career in law enforcement.

This hypothesis will be tested through data collection methods such as surveys and

interviews with Sibtech third year criminology students, as well as statistical analysis to identify

is there significant relationship between the profile and the factors influencing Sibtech

criminology students to choose law enforcement career as a profession.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to assess the factors influencing third year Sibtech

Criminology students to choose law enforcement as their career profession. Specifically, the

study aims to address the following questions:

1.What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 age

1.2 gender

2.What are the factors influencing SIBTECH Criminology students to choose law enforcement

as a career profession in terms of:

1.1 Family

1.2 Peers

1.3 Personal

1.4 Media Influence

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3. Is there significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and the factors that

influence Sibtech criminology students to choose law enforcement career as a profession?

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study aims to investigate the primary factors that compel criminology students in

Southwestern Institute of Business and Technology (SIBTECH) to choose law enforcement

career as profession. By analyzing personal motivations, family influence, peers and media

influence, this research seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of significant relationship

between the profile of third year Sibtech criminology students to choose law enforcement career

as a profession.

This study was limited to the selected third year criminology students.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study on Factors Influencing SIBTECH Criminology Students to Choose Law

Enforcement as a Career Profession is significant for several key reasons:

Criminology Students. By understanding the factors that influence career decisions,

students can make more informed choices about their future in law enforcement or explore

alternative career paths in criminal justice.

Parents and Guardians. Understanding the factors influencing their children’s career

choices can help them provide better support and guidance.

Guidance for SIBTECH Institutions. This research provides insights into the

motivations, interests, and external influences that drive criminology students towards law

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enforcement careers. SIBTECH institutions can use these findings to enhance their criminology

curricula, ensuring they address the needs and expectations of students. This can result in

improvement plan for the criminology course, better preparation, and a more tailored educational

experience that aligns with students’ career aspirations.

To the Future Researcher. This may serve as research’s resources and somehow lead

into increase of knowledge and give future researchers clear ideas of what factors motivates

SIBTECH Criminology students for choosing law enforcement as a career, this study holds

substantial significance in enhancing the educational, practical, and strategic dimensions of

criminology and law enforcement as career pathways.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Career – The variety of experiences that you have undertaken throughout your life

Criminology – The scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice

system.

Criminology students – are individuals enrolled in an academic program focused on the

study of criminology.

Family - refers to a group of individuals who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption

and who typically live together or maintain close relationships.

Law enforcement - The department of people who enforce laws, investigate crimes, and

make arrests

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Media Influence – refers to the impact that various forms of media—such as television,

social media, newspapers, radio, and online platforms—have on individuals’ attitudes, beliefs,

behaviors, and decision-making processes.

Personal - refers to something related to or affecting an individual, particularly in terms

of their private life, feelings, characteristics, or belongings.

Peer - individuals who are of the same age, status, or have similar experiences, interests,

or background as someone else, typically within a specific social group or community. In

academic and professional settings, peers often refer to classmates, colleagues, or others working

in the same field or level.

Personal – refers to something related to or affecting an individual, particularly in terms

of their private life, feelings, characteristics, or belongings.

Profession - Occupation (as medicine, law, or teaching) that requires specialized

knowledge and often advanced education

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the through searched done by

the researchers. The literature and studies address the different ideas, concepts, generalization,

and the different development related to the study starting from the past up to present. This will

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serve as a guide for the researchers in developing the project. Moreover, the information included

in this chapter, helps in familiarizing details that are apposite and similar to the present study.

FOREIGN LITERATURE

Recent studies emphasize the enduring influence of family in shaping career choices

among criminology students. In the U.S., research conducted by Smith and Bryant (2019)

highlights that students with relatives in law enforcement are more likely to view the profession

positively. These students often cite their family members as role models, associating law

enforcement with values such as duty, honor, and service. The concept of “family legacy”

continues to be significant, with many students feeling a sense of responsibility to follow in the

footsteps of their parents or relatives who served in law enforcement.

In a 2020 Australian study by Johnson et al., family support was shown to be a crucial

factor in students' decision-making processes, particularly in overcoming concerns about the

risks associated with law enforcement careers. Families who emphasize the stability and respect

associated with the profession tend to inspire confidence in students. Conversely, families that

focus on the dangers and stress of law enforcement often discourage students from pursuing this

path, highlighting the dual influence that family members can have.

Peers continue to exert a significant influence on criminology students’ career choices. A

study conducted by Garcia and Roberts (2020) in Canada found that students with friends

interested in law enforcement are more likely to choose it as a career, particularly if their peer

group shares a collective sense of justice or social responsibility. Peer discussions often center

around job prospects, benefits, and societal impact, making the profession more attractive.

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Conversely, negative peer perceptions of law enforcement, such as concerns about police

misconduct or systemic issues within the criminal justice system, can discourage students from

pursuing this career. A 2021 U.K. study by Watson and Hughes indicated that students whose

peers express skepticism about law enforcement, often influenced by current events and media

coverage, may be less likely to pursue it as a profession. This reflects a shift in how peer

influence has become intertwined with broader societal issues and media portrayals.

Personal motivation remains one of the most powerful factors in career selection among

criminology students. A 2018 study by Thompson and Avery in the U.S. highlights that students

who prioritize community service and justice are more likely to be drawn to law enforcement.

The sense of purpose and the opportunity to make a tangible impact on society are frequently

cited as motivating factors. This aligns with a global trend where young people are seeking

careers that align with their values of social justice and community engagement.

In Australia, research by Taylor and Evans (2021) found that students' personal

experiences with crime or law enforcement, such as being victims of crime or growing up in

high-crime areas, often motivate them to pursue careers in law enforcement as a way of

contributing to societal safety and reform. This aligns with the idea that personal experiences

shape career aspirations in powerful ways, especially in fields related to criminal justice.

The role of media in shaping career aspirations has become increasingly complex over

the past few years. In the age of social media and 24/7 news cycles, students are exposed to a

wide variety of portrayals of law enforcement, ranging from heroic depictions in popular

television shows to critical perspectives on police conduct in news media.

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A study by Reynolds and Porter (2019) in the U.S. revealed that crime dramas and

documentaries portraying law enforcement officers as problem-solvers and protectors positively

influence students’ perceptions of the profession. Shows such as NCIS and Blue Bloods tend to

glamorize the field, highlighting themes of justice, bravery, and moral clarity, which attract

students to the profession.

However, negative media coverage of police misconduct, particularly following high-

profile cases of police brutality, has also had a significant impact. A 2021 study by Harrison and

Brooks in the U.K. found that students increasingly view law enforcement through a critical lens,

influenced by news reports and social media discussions about police violence and systemic

racism. This has led to a more polarized perception of the profession, where some students are

motivated to join law enforcement to be agents of reform, while others are dissuaded due to

concerns about public perception and the moral challenges of the job.

LOCAL LITERATURE

In the Philippines, the role of family in shaping the career aspirations of criminology

students is profound. A study conducted by De Leon (2019) revealed that Filipino students who

come from families with members working in the police force or military are more inclined to

pursue similar professions. This familial influence is deeply rooted in the Filipino cultural values

of close-knit family ties and respect for elders. Many students view entering law enforcement as

a way to uphold family honor and follow in the footsteps of their parents or relatives.

Moreover, families often view law enforcement as a stable and prestigious career,

especially in rural areas where government jobs, including law enforcement, are seen as

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providing financial security. According to Mangubat (2020), many students reported that their

decision to enroll in criminology programs was influenced by their family’s encouragement, with

some citing the job benefits, such as stable income and retirement packages, as key motivating

factors.

Peers play a significant role in shaping the career choices of criminology students in the

Philippines, as social connections are a strong aspect of Filipino culture. A study by Dela Cruz

(2021) found that students who are part of a peer group with shared aspirations for public service

are more likely to choose law enforcement careers. In schools, peer discussions often revolve

around the job opportunities available in law enforcement, particularly in agencies like the

Philippine National Police (PNP) and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP). These

conversations help reinforce career choices by providing students with a sense of belonging and

shared purpose.

However, peers can also dissuade others from pursuing a law enforcement career,

especially when concerns about the risks associated with the profession arise. According to

Bautista (2018), students whose peers discuss the dangers and stress of working in law

enforcement, such as the threat of violence and long working hours, may reconsider their career

paths, particularly those with more lucrative alternatives in the private sector.

Personal motivations are a major factor driving criminology students in the Philippines to

pursue a career in law enforcement. A study by Soriano (2020) found that many students cited a

strong desire to serve their communities and contribute to maintaining peace and order as

primary reasons for choosing this career. The values of “bayanihan” (community cooperation)

and public service are deeply embedded in Filipino culture, and these resonate strongly with

students who wish to give back to their communities through law enforcement.

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Personal experiences also play a role in influencing career choices. Studies have shown

that students who have experienced crime, either as victims or witnesses, are often motivated to

join law enforcement to help combat criminality. According to Santiago (2021), students

expressed a desire to create safer environments for others, especially in areas with high crime

rates. This personal commitment to justice often outweighs concerns about the dangers of the

job.

In recent years, media has had a notable impact on the career aspirations of criminology

students in the Philippines. Both traditional media and social media portray law enforcement in

ways that shape students’ perceptions of the profession. A study by Ramirez (2019) found that

television dramas and action films depicting law enforcement officers as heroes contribute to a

favorable view of the profession among students. Shows like Ang Probinsyano have played a

role in glamorizing law enforcement careers, portraying officers as protectors of the weak and

defenders of justice, which has appealed to many young viewers.

On the other hand, social media has presented a more complex narrative. With the rise of

public discussions on police misconduct and human rights issues in the Philippines, especially in

relation to the government’s anti-drug campaign, students are exposed to both positive and

negative depictions of law enforcement. According to Tan (2020), while some students are drawn

to the idea of being agents of change within the system, others are concerned about the ethical

challenges they may face in the profession. The mixed media portrayals have led students to

critically assess the responsibilities and moral implications of law enforcement work.

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FOREIGN STUDIES

Studies from various countries continue to highlight the significant role family plays in

shaping the career decisions of criminology students. A study conducted by Patton and

Sutherland (2019) in the United States found that students with family members in law

enforcement are more likely to view the profession positively and choose it as a career. The study

identified that children of law enforcement officers often grow up with a firsthand understanding

of the challenges and rewards of the profession, leading to a sense of family legacy. In such

cases, familial support and guidance help students build confidence in their career choice, despite

potential risks or negative perceptions of the profession.

Similarly, a Canadian study by McDonald and Russell (2021) explored the

intergenerational transmission of career aspirations in criminology students. They found that

students from law enforcement families were often encouraged to pursue similar careers due to

their parents’ pride in their profession and the financial stability it offered. However, the study

also noted that some students felt pressure to continue the family tradition, even if they had

reservations about joining the profession.

Peers have a substantial impact on criminology students’ decisions to pursue law

enforcement careers. In a study conducted by Adams and Greene (2020) in Australia, it was

revealed that peer influence is particularly strong in academic settings, where students often

share their aspirations and experiences with friends who are also studying criminology. Peer

discussions about job opportunities, career prospects, and the perceived prestige of law

enforcement careers can either strengthen a student’s resolve to join the profession or lead them

to consider other options within the field.

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In Europe, a study by Tölgyesi and Horváth (2018) examined peer influence among

Hungarian criminology students. The study concluded that students are often motivated by peer

groups that hold strong beliefs about justice, security, and social order, leading many to view law

enforcement as a noble and important profession. However, the study also found that students

whose peer groups were more critical of the criminal justice system, particularly in regard to

ethical concerns and police misconduct, were less likely to pursue law enforcement roles.

Personal motivation remains a critical factor influencing criminology students’ decision

to choose law enforcement as a career. In the United Kingdom, a study by Johnson and Clarke

(2018) found that many students cited a desire to contribute to public safety and justice as their

primary motivation for entering the field. The study highlighted that students are often driven by

personal values such as integrity, fairness, and a sense of duty to protect the vulnerable, which

align closely with the responsibilities of law enforcement.

In another study from the U.S. by Roberts and Thomas (2020), personal interest in law

enforcement was linked to students’ fascination with criminal justice and forensic science, often

fueled by exposure to real-life cases and police work through academic programs. The study also

noted that personal experiences, such as being a victim of crime or knowing someone who had

been affected by crime, significantly influenced students’ decisions to join the profession as a

way of seeking justice and helping others avoid similar experiences.

Media plays a pivotal role in shaping criminology students’ perceptions of law

enforcement careers. In the U.S., a study by King and Wallace (2019) found that crime dramas,

police procedurals, and news coverage of law enforcement significantly influenced students’

views of the profession. Shows such as Law & Order and NCIS glamorize the role of law

enforcement officers, portraying them as heroes who solve complex crimes and protect society.

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These portrayals tend to create a positive image of law enforcement, making the career seem

exciting, dynamic, and fulfilling.

However, recent media coverage of police brutality and systemic racism has also had a

notable impact. A study by Martinez and Reid (2021) in the U.S. found that students who are

regularly exposed to negative media portrayals of law enforcement, particularly in relation to the

Black Lives Matter movement and incidents of police misconduct, are more hesitant to join the

profession. This aligns with global trends, as studies from countries such as Canada and the

United Kingdom have reported similar findings, where media coverage of law enforcement plays

a dual role in both attracting and dissuading students from pursuing law enforcement careers.

In Australia, a study by Davies and Watson (2020) analyzed the influence of social media

on criminology students’ career choices. It found that social media platforms like Twitter and

Facebook are powerful tools for shaping students’ perceptions of law enforcement. The study

revealed that students frequently engage with discussions on social justice, police reform, and

accountability, which influence their views of the profession. Some students expressed a desire

to join law enforcement to be part of the solution and advocate for reform, while others were

deterred by the public criticism and scrutiny that law enforcement officers often face.

LOCAL STUDIES

Local studies in the Philippines underscore the strong influence of family in shaping

criminology students’ career decisions. A study by Garcia and Villanueva (2019) found that

Filipino students often choose law enforcement as a profession due to the influence of family

members who work in the police force, military, or other related fields. The study emphasized

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the cultural importance of “utang na loob” (debt of gratitude), where students feel a sense of

obligation to honor their family’s legacy by pursuing similar professions. This sense of duty is

particularly evident in students from rural areas, where law enforcement is regarded as a stable,

prestigious, and respected career.

Similarly, a study by Santos (2020) highlighted that family expectations, especially from

parents, play a significant role in students’ career choices. In many cases, parents’ perceptions of

job security and the financial benefits of government service strongly encourage students to enter

law enforcement. The study also revealed that students who grew up in households with family

members in the Philippine National Police (PNP) or the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)

were more likely to have a positive view of law enforcement careers, citing family discussions

about the profession’s impact on society and the benefits of a public service career.

Peers play an influential role in the career decision-making process for criminology

students in the Philippines. According to a study by Dela Cruz (2018), peer groups in

criminology programs often reinforce students’ aspirations to pursue law enforcement careers. In

the study, students shared that their decisions were positively influenced by peers who were also

motivated to join the police force or other law enforcement agencies. This shared ambition

creates a support system that encourages students to pursue their career goals collectively.

However, negative peer influence can also affect career choices. A 2021 study by

Mendoza and Rivera found that students who had peers discussing the dangers, low pay, and

political pressures associated with law enforcement were less inclined to pursue this career. In

particular, concerns about work-life balance, the physical risks of the job, and the stigma around

police work in certain communities have caused some students to reconsider their choices, opting

instead for other fields within criminology, such as research or corrections.

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Personal motivation remains a critical factor influencing criminology students’ decision

to join law enforcement in the Philippines. A 2019 study by Soriano and Malabanan showed that

many students are driven by a desire to serve their communities, maintain peace and order, and

contribute to national security. The study found that students often expressed a strong sense of

duty and social responsibility, which aligns with the values of service to the country that are

deeply embedded in Filipino culture.

Furthermore, students with personal experiences of crime, either as victims or through

close friends and family, were more likely to pursue law enforcement careers. According to a

study by Reyes (2021), students who had witnessed the positive impact of law enforcement in

resolving crimes or restoring peace in their communities were inspired to join the profession in

hopes of continuing this work. The study also found that personal values, such as bravery,

integrity, and justice, aligned with students’ perceptions of what it means to be a law enforcement

officer in the Philippines.

Media has a notable influence on criminology students’ career choices, particularly in the

age of social media and widespread digital access. A study conducted by Lim and Santos (2020)

explored the role of television, movies, and social media in shaping students’ perceptions of law

enforcement. The study found that shows such as Ang Probinsyano, which portrays police

officers as protectors of the community, significantly influence students’ aspirations. This

glamorized portrayal of law enforcement creates a positive image of the profession, where

officers are seen as heroic figures who uphold justice.

On the other hand, social media platforms have presented a more critical view of law

enforcement, especially regarding issues such as police misconduct and human rights violations.

A 2020 study by Manalili examined how social media discourse around controversial police

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actions, including the government’s war on drugs, has impacted students’ career decisions. The

study revealed that while some students were deterred by negative portrayals of the police, others

were motivated to join law enforcement to reform the system and contribute to better policing

practices. This dual influence of media has created a complex landscape where students critically

evaluate both the positives and negatives of a career in law enforcement.

RELEVANCE OF THE REVIEWED LITERATURE AND STUDY TO THE

PRESENT STUDY

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Students’ paths to law enforcement are often influenced by a combination of familial,

peers, personal, and media factors. Having relatives in law enforcement can inspire students to

pursue similar careers, showcasing the profession as a respected and viable option. Friends who

are already in law enforcement or related fields can strengthen students’ desire to join the

profession, fostering a collective mindset. Students’ own values, career goals, and desire to serve

their community play a crucial role in their decision to pursue law enforcement. Experiences and

intrinsic motivations, such as wanting to fight crime or bring justice, can lead them toward this

career. Media impact, the portrayal of law enforcement as heroic or noble in movies, TV shows,

and news can create a positive image, motivating students to see it as a desirable and impactful

career.

The reviewed literature and studies on these influences are highly relevant to the present

study, it provides essential insights into the multidimensional factors shaping Sibtech

criminology students' career choices, offering a well-rounded view that enriches the

understanding of this subject in the context of the present

CHAPTER III

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methodologies. It covers the research method, research

locale, respondents and sampling technique of the study, research instrument, validity and

reliability of instrument, scaling and quantification, data gathering procedure, and statistical

treatment of data.

RESEARCH METHOD

The Researchers used descriptive survey method. The main goal of this type of research

is to describe the data and characteristics about what is being studied. The idea behind this type

of research is to study frequencies, averages, and other statistical calculations (Shields &

Rangarjan, 2013). Three main purposes of research are to describe, explain and validate things.

Description emerges following creative exploration and serves to organize the findings in order

to fit them with explanations, and then test or validate those explanations (Krathwohl, 2013).

The proponent of the study used the quantitative research design since the proponent

determined the factors that influence Criminology students to choose law enforcement as a

career profession.

RESEARCH LOCALE

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This study will conducted at Southwestern Institute of Business and Technology

(SIBTECH), located at Panggulayan, Pinamalayan Oriental Mindoro.

POPULATION and SAMPLING SCHEME

With each Criminology level as stratum, the researcher used the stratified random

sampling to make sure that samples were representatives of the target population.

In order to determine the sample size from the population, the Slovin’s formula as shown

below was used.

Formula:

___n___
n= 1+ Ne²

Where: n – Sample Size e – Margin of Error (0.10%)

N – Population

n = ____654_____
1+654(.10)²
n =_____654____
1+654(.01)
n = ___654__
1+6.54
n = __654__
7.54
n = 86.73
n = 87

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The number of student- respondents in four year level of Criminology in SIBTECH was

computed as follow.

1st year Criminology

No. of Samples = No. of School’s Population x Total No. of Samples

Total No. of Population

= __98×87_
654
= _8526_
654

= 13.03

= 13

2nd Year Criminology

No. of Samples = No. of School’s Population x Total No. of Samples

Total No. of Population

= 173x87
654
= 15051
654

= 23.01

= 23

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3rd Year Criminology

No. of Samples = No. of School’s Population x Total No. of Samples

Total No. of Population

= 290x87
654
= 25230
654

= 38.6

= 39

4th Criminology

No. of Samples = No. of School’s Population x Total No. of Samples

Total No. of Population

= 93x87
654
= 8091
654

= 12.4

= 12

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RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

Table 1 shows the distribution of the four groups of respondents of the study.

Table 1

Frequency Distribution of Respondents

Group of Population Desired Sample Percentage

Respondents

1st Year 98 13 16

2nd Year 173 23 26

3rd Year 290 39 42

4th Year 93 12 16

Total 654 87 100

As shown in Table 1, the total number of respondents for 1 st Year is 13 or 16 percent, the

2nd Year is 23 or 26 percent, the 3rd Year is 39or 42 percent and the 4th Year is 12 or 16 percent.

The total number of respondents is 87 or 100 percent.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Conveniently the instrument that was used for this research is a survey questionnaire. The

survey questionnaire has a set of questions, arranged in a sequence and designed to be self-

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administered. The instrument used the presumption that the respondent was literate, and clearly

motivated, and willing to participate. The reasons of the researcher in utilizing the questionnaire

It was less expensive procedure, requiring less skill to administer and could be

administered to a large number of respondents simultaneously.

It ensures some amount of uniformity from one measurement situation to another because

of its standardized wording, order of questions, and instructions for recording response in

completing questionnaires, has confidence in anonymity so they felt more free to express their

views; and

It exerts less pressure on the respondents to provide immediate response.

The questionnaires are divided into three parts:

Part 1. Dealt with the question designed to assess the demographic profile of the

respondents.

Part 2. Contained questions assessing the factors that influence Sibtech Criminology

students to choose law enforcement as a career profession, factors including family, personal,

peers, and media influence.

Part 3. Contained questions for the proposed programs/improvement plan for the Sibtech

Criminology Course.

VALIDITY OF INSTRUMENT

The researcher submitted the draft of survey questionnaire to the three experts 1. Subject

export, 2. English Professor, 3. Thesis Adviser to ensured that the questions are pragmatically

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correct. The researchers seek the validation of the questionnaire to his adviser. Those entries that

did not pass the validation were revised or removed. The questionnaire was validated, distributed

and answered by selected respondents

The setting of the pretest was located at Panggulayan, Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro.

Thereafter, the survey questionnaire was sent to the president of every year level or

representative to ensure that the questions/statements/indicators are acceptable and related to the

current study.

RELIABILITY OF INSTRUMENT

To make sure that the questionnaire are reliable, the researcher will conduct Cronbach’s

Alpha Method. The questionnaire will be given to the target respondents. The answered

questionnaire will be checked, and the result will be computed to measure its reliability.

Cronbach’s Alpha will be used to assess whether the questions related to the factors influencing

career choice are consistent. Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha Method)

measures how well the items on a survey that are supposed to assess the same concept (e.g.,

motivation for choosing law enforcement) correlate with each other.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

First of all, the researcher personally disseminated the structured survey questionnaire on

the respondents after obtaining permission from the proper authority that was allow the

distribution of the said survey questionnaires.

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Second, the researcher gave specific date on the retrieval of the said questionnaire to

make certain that the questionnaires was filled up and was return to the researcher only those

answered questionnaires that was collected on the date that was be specified was comprised of

the target respondents

Third, the researcher tallied the responses, tabulated, and computed the data that have

been gathered with the guide of his statistician, consultant, adviser, and professor.

Lastly, the researcher presented the data in textual and tabular forms with due

consideration on the sub problems and hypothesis of the research study.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT DATA

The researchers have set up tables for the frequency distributives for the used in

interpreting data and in presenting them for the consideration of others. Subsequently, de

computed percentage ensures with the following formula:

To determine the demographic profile of the respondents the formula below was utilized:

The percentage method utilized in the analysis and evaluation of the data on the profile of

the respondents according to the age, sex and civil status. It was computed as follows:

1. PERCENTAGE

Formula:

F
P = ________X 100

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Where:

P = Percentage N = Number of Respondents

F = Frequency 100 = Constant Value

The average weighted mean (AWM) utilized to measure the central tendency in relation

on the issues being discussed in the study that were assessed by the respondents. The average

weighted mean refers to the accumulated a responses which determined the corresponding

weight using the formula.

2. AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN

Formula:

WM = _____∑fx____
N

Where:

WM = Weighted Mean

∑ = Summation Sign

f = Frequency obtained from the number of responses

x = Weight of each value of the scale

N = Total number of Respondents

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For Sub Problem 1.

To determine t the factors that influence Sibtech Criminology students to choose law

enforcement as a career profession, factors including family, personal, peers, and media

influence, the four point likert scale was used:

Descriptive Rating Point Value Point Scale

Strongly Agree. 4 3.26 – 4.00

Agree 3 2.51 – 3.25

Least Agree 2 1.76 – 2.50

Disagree 1 1.00 – 1.75

For Sub Problem 2.

For the proposed programs/improvement plan for the Sibtech Criminology Course, a

four-point likert scale was used:

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Descriptive Rating Point Scale Point Scale

Highly Recommended 4 3.26 – 4.00

Recommended 3 2.51 – 3.25

Least Recommended 2 1.76 – 2.50

Not Recommended 1 1.00 – 1.75

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

FACTORS INFLUENCING SIBTECH CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTS TO CHOOSE LAW

ENFORCEMENT AS A CAREER PROFESSION: AN ASSESSMENT

Dear Respondents:

The undersigned are presently conducting their study in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology. In connection thereof, we are

requesting your utmost cooperation and support by answering the herein attached questionnaire

checklist.

This questionnaire seeks to answer factors influencing Sibtech Criminology students to

choose law enforcement as a career profession.

Rest assured that your answer will be treated with strict confidentiality.

Part I. Demographic Profile

Direction: Please put a check (✔) on the box provided that corresponds to your answer.

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A. Respondents

1st Year

2nd Year

3rd Year

4th Year

B. Age

18-20

21-22

23-24

25 and above

C. Sex

Female

Male

D. Civil Status

Single. Widowed

Married Separated

Part II. Respondents assesses the factors that influence Sibtech Criminology students to choose

law enforcement as a career profession, factors including family, personal, peers, and media

influence.

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Direction: Please put a checks (✔️) mark on the box that correspond your answers.
✔

Scale Interpretation

4 Strongly Agree

3 Agree

2 Least Agree

1 Disagree

Family Factors

Indicators 4 3 2

1. My decision to pursue law enforcement was influenced by having

family members in the same field.

2. My family believes law enforcement is a respectable and honorable

profession.

3. My family’s opinion of law enforcement influenced my decision

to enroll in criminology at SIBTECH

4. My family supports my decision to pursue law enforcement,

regardless of the risks.

5. My family values such as discipline, respect for authority, and

justice influenced my interest in law enforcement.

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Peer Influence

Indicators 4 3
2 1

1. Most of my close friends are also pursuing careers

in law enforcement.

2. Seeing my peers’ interest in law enforcement motivated

me to pursue the same path.

3. I feel more confident in my decision to pursue law

enforcement because my peers are supportive.

4. Having friends with similar career interests makes me

feel more committed to law enforcement as a career.

5. My peers and I have similar goals when it comes to careers

in law enforcement.

Personal Factors

Indicators 4 3 2

1. I Have always been personally interested in law

enforcement as a career.

2. I am passionate about upholding justice and maintaining

public safety, which led me to choose law enforcement.

3. I enjoy learning about criminal justice, which influenced

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my decision to pursue a career in law enforcement.

4. I have always wanted to work in a career that involves

protecting and serving the community.

5. I Feel a strong sense of duty and responsibility toward my

community, which led me to pursue law enforcement.

Media Influence

Indicators 4 3 2 1

1. . News reports about the role of law enforcement in society

have influenced my decision to choose this career.

2. I have been inspired by stories in the news about law

enforcement officers making a positive difference in their

communities.

3. News media coverage of police work provides a realistic

view of what working in law enforcement is like, which

influenced my decision.

4. TV shows and movies about law enforcement gave me

a positive view of the profession, motivating me to pursue it.

5. Positive posts or videos about law enforcement on social

media have motivated me to consider a career in this field.

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Part III. Respondents assesses the proposed programs/improvement plan for the Sibtech

Criminology Course.

Direction: Please put a checks (✔️) mark on the box that correspond your answers.

Scale Interpretation

4 Highly Recommend

3 Recommended

2 Least Recommended

1 Not Recommended

Indicators 4 3 2 1

1. More specialized courses (e.g., Counter-terrorism, Cybercrime),

enhanced practical training (e.g., crime scene simulations),

forensic psychology, and human rights and law enforcement.

2. Stronger industry partnerships for OJT Career

counseling and guidance programs to better prepare

students for careers in law enforcement?

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3.. I suggest quality of the facilities and equipment

used in the Criminology program and better

access to modern equipment and resources,

4. Curriculum updates, more practical and field-based

learning should be prioritized in the improvement

plan for the Criminology program.

5.Additional career seminars, guest lectures by law

enforcement professionals, mentorship programs

with industry experts and faculty development training.