DFD Examples

Yong Choi
BPA
CSUB
 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Steps:

1. Create a list of activities

2. Construct Context Level DFD

(identifies external entities and processes)
3. Construct Level 0 DFD

(identifies manageable sub process )
4. Construct Level 1- n DFD

(identifies actual data flows and data stores )
5. Check against rules of DFD
 DFD Naming Guidelines

• External Entity  Noun

• Data Flow  Names of data
• Process  verb phrase
– a system name
– a subsystem name
• Data Store  Noun
Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Lemonade Stand Example
 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example Steps:
The operations of a 1. Create a list of activities
simple lemonade stand
• Old way: no Use-Case Diagram
will be used to
demonstrate the creation • New way: use Use-Case Diagram
of dataflow diagrams.
2. Construct Context Level DFD

(identifies sources and sink)
3. Construct Level 0 DFD

(identifies manageable sub processes )
4. Construct Level 1- n DFD

(identifies actual data flows and data stores )
 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example 1. Create a list of activities

Think through the

activities that take place
at a lemonade stand.
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment
Produce Product
Store Product
 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example 1. Create a list of activities

Also think of the

additional activities
needed to support the
basic activities.
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment
Produce Product
Store Product
Order Raw Materials
Pay for Raw Materials
Pay for Labor
 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example 1. Create a list of activities

Group these activities in

some logical fashion,
possibly functional areas.
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment

Produce Product
Store Product

Order Raw Materials

Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example 2. Construct Context Level DFD

(identifies sources and sink)
Create a context level
diagram identifying the Context Level DFD
sources and sinks (users).
Sales Forecast
Order 0.0
Lemona Production
CUSTOMER Schedule EMPLOYEE
Customer Order Product Served de
System
Pay
Serve Product Payment Time Worked
Collect Payment Received Goods
Payment
Purchase Order
Produce Product
Store Product VENDOR

Order Raw Materials

Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example 3. Construct Level 0 DFD

Create a level 0 diagram (identifies manageable sub processes )
identifying the logical Level 0 DFD
subsystems that may
exist. 1.0
Sale
Customer Order Sales Forecast
Customer Order
Product Ordered
Serve Product
Payment
Collect Payment 2.0
Production

CUSTOMER Producti EMPLOYEE
Product Served on Schedule
Produce Product
Inventory
Store Product Received Goods
3.0
VENDOR Procure- Order

Purchase Order
Order Raw Materials ment Decisions
Pay for Raw Materials Payment
Pay Time Worked

Pay for Labor 4.0

Payroll
 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example 4. Construct Level 1- n DFD

Create a level 1 (identifies actual data flows and data stores )
decomposing the Level 1 DFD
processes in level 0 and
CUSTOMER
identifying data stores.
Customer Order
Request for
Customer Order ORDER Forecast
Serve Product 1.1
Record
Collect Payment Order
1.3
Produce
Severed Order Sales
Produce Product Payment Forecast
Sales Forecast
Store Product 1.2
Receive
PAYMENT
Payme
Order Raw Materials nt

Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example 4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Create a level 1
decomposing the Level 1 DFD
processes in level 0 and
Product Order
identifying data stores.
ORDER
Customer Order 2.1
Serve Quantity
Serve Product Product Severed
Collect Payment RAW
Production

MATERIALS
Schedule
Produce Product 2.2
Produc
Store Product Quantity Used
e Produ
ct
INVENTORT
Order Raw Materials Production Data Y

Pay for Raw Materials

2.3 Quantity Produced
Store & Location Stored
Pay for Labor Product
 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example 4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Create a level 1
decomposing the Level 1 DFD
processes in level 0 and Order Decision
PURCHASE
identifying data stores. 3.1
Produc
ORDER
e Purch
Customer Order ase Quantity On-Hand
Order
Serve Product RAW
Quantity
MATERIALS
Collect Payment Received Received
Goods
3.2
Produce Product Receive
Items
Store Product RECEIVED
ITEMS
Payment Approval
Order Raw Materials
VENDOR
Pay for Raw Materials 3.3
Pay
Vendor
Pay for Labor
Payment
 Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example 4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Create a level 1
decomposing the Level 1 DFD
processes in level 0 and Time Worked

identifying data stores. 4.1

TIME CARDS
Record
Time
Customer Order Worked Employee ID
Serve Product EMPLOYEE
Collect Payment
Payroll Request
4.2 Unpaid time
Produce Product Calcula
te
cards
Store Product Payroll PAYROLL

Payment Approval
Order Raw Materials
4.3
Pay for Raw Materials Pay
Employ
ee PAYMENTS
Pay for Labor
Payment
 Process Decomposition
1.2
1.1
1.0 Receive
Record
Sale Payme
Order
nt

2.2
2.0 2.1 2.3
Produc
Producti Serve Store
e Produ
on Product Product
ct
0.0
Lemona
de
3.1
System
3.0 Produc 3.2 3.3
Procure- e Purch Receive Pay
ment ase Items Vendor
Order

4.1 4.2 4.3

4.0 Record Calcula Pay
Payroll Time te Employ
Worked Payroll ee

Context Level Level 0 Level 1

 DFD Example: Bus Garage Repairs
• Buses come to a garage for repairs.
• A mechanic and helper perform the repair,
record the reason for the repair and record the
total cost of all parts used on a Shop Repair
Order.
• Information on labor, parts and repair outcome
is used for billing by the Accounting Department,
parts monitoring by the inventory management
computer system and a performance review by
the supervisor.
 DFD Example: Bus Garage Repairs
(cont’d)
• External Entities: Bus, Mechanic, Helper,
Supervisor, Inventory Management System,
Accounting Department, etc.
• Key process (“the system”): performing repairs
and storing information related to repairs
• Processes:
– Record Bus ID and reason for repair
– Determine parts needed
– Perform repair
– Calculate parts extended and total cost
– Record labor hours, cost
 DFD Example: Bus Garage Repairs
(cont’d)
• Data stores:
– Personnel file
– Repairs file
– Bus master list
– Parts list
• Data flows:
– Repair order
– Bus record
– Parts record
– Employee timecard
– Invoices
 Bus Garage Context Diagram
Bus

Mechanical Fixed
problem mechanical
to be repaired problems

Repair Supervisor
Helper Labor Bus summary
Repair
Process List of
System parts used Inventory
Labor Management
Labor, System
parts cost
details
Mechanic

Accounting
 CSUB Burger’s Order Processing System

• Draw the CSUB Burger’s context diagram

– System
• Order processing system

– External entities
• Kitchen
• Restaurant
• Customer

– Processes
• Customer order
• Receipt
• Food order
• Management report