A 2 TXCRM 07
Uploaded by
VIPA 2 TXCRM 07
Uploaded by
VIPi-vi A2-07-873977 5/18/06 1:53 PM Page 1
Chapter 7
Resource Masters
i-vi A2-07-873977 5/18/06 1:53 PM Page ii
Consumable Workbooks Many of the worksheets contained in the Chapter Resource Masters are
available as consumable workbooks in both English and Spanish.
ISBN10 ISBN13
Study Guide and Intervention Workbook 0-07-877355-5 978-0-07-877355-6
Skills Practice Workbook 0-07-877357-1 978-0-07-877357-0
Practice Workbook 0-07-877358-X 978-0-07-877358-7
Word Problem Practice Workbook 0-07-877360-1 978-0-07-877360-0
Spanish Versions
Study Guide and Intervention Workbook 0-07-877356-3 978-0-07-877356-3
Practice Workbook 0-07-877359-8 978-0-07-877359-4
Answers for Workbooks The answers for Chapter 7 of these workbooks can be found in the back of
this Chapter Resource Masters booklet.
StudentWorks PlusTM This CD-ROM includes the entire Student Edition test along with the English
workbooks listed above.
TeacherWorks PlusTM All of the materials found in this booklet are included for viewing, printing, and
editing in this CD-ROM.
Spanish Assessment Masters (ISBN10: 0-07-0-07-877361-X, ISBN13: 978-0-07-877361-7)
These masters contain a Spanish version of Chapter 7 Test Form 2A and Form 2C.
Copyright © by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to
reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for
classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely
in conjunction with Glencoe Algebra 2. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without
prior written permission of the publisher.
Send all inquiries to:
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
8787 Orion Place
Columbus, OH 43240
ISBN13: 978-0-07-873977-4
ISBN10: 0-07-873977-2 Algebra 2 CRM7
Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 005 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06
i-vi A2-07-873977 5/18/06 1:53 PM Page iii
Contents
Teacher's Guide to Using the Chapter 7 Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Resource Masters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Chapter Resources
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Student-Built Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Anticipation Guide (English) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Lesson 7-6
Anticipation Guide (Spanish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Rational Exponents
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Lesson 7-1
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Operations on Functions
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Spreadsheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Lesson 7-7
Spreadsheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Solving Radical Equations and
Inequalities
Lesson 7-2
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Inverse Functions and Relations
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Assessment
Lesson 7-3 Student Recording Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Square Root Functions & Inequalities rubric for Pre-AP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Chapter 7 Quizzes 1 and 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Chapter 7 Quizzes 3 and 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Chapter 7 Mid-Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Chapter 7 Vocabulary Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Chapter 7 Test, Form 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Chapter 7 Test, Form 2A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Lesson 7-4 Chapter 7 Test, Form 2B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
nth Roots Chapter 7 Test, Form 2C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Chapter 7 Test, Form 2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Chapter 7 Test, Form 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Chapter 7 Extended Response Test . . . . . . . .75
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Standardized Test Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Unit 2 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A1-A37
Lesson 7-5
Operations with Radical Expressions
Lesson Reading Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Chapter 7 iii Glencoe Algebra 2
i-vi A2-07-873977 5/18/06 1:53 PM Page iv
Teacher’s Guide to Using the
Chapter 7 Resource Masters
The Chapter 7 Resource Masters includes the core materials needed for Chapter 7.
These materials include worksheets, extensions, and assessment options. The
answers for these pages appear at the back of this booklet.
All of the materials found in this booklet are included for viewing and printing on
the TeacherWorks PlusTM CD-ROM.
Chapter Resources Study Guide and Intervention These
masters provide vocabulary, key concepts,
Student-Built Glossary (pages 1–2) additional worked-out examples and Check
These masters are a student study tool that Your Progress exercises to use as a
presents up to twenty of the key vocabulary reteaching activity. It can also be used in
terms from the chapter. Students are to conjunction with the Student Edition as an
recording definitions and/or examples for instructional tool for students who have
each term. You may suggest that student been absent.
highlight or star the terms with which they
are not familiar. Give to students before Skills Practice This master focuses more
beginning Lesson 7-1. Encourage them to on the computational nature of the lesson.
add these pages to their mathematics study Use as an additional practice option or as
notebooks. Remind them to complete the homework for second-day teaching of the
appropriate words as they study each lesson.
lesson. Practice This master closely follows the
Anticipation Guide (pages 3–4) This types of problems found in the Exercises
master presented in both English and section of the Student Edition and includes
Spanish is a survey used before beginning word problems. Use as an additional
the chapter to pinpoint what students may practice option or as homework for second-
or may not know about the concepts in the day teaching of the lesson.
chapter. Students will revisit this survey Word Problem Practice This master
after they complete the chapter to see if includes additional practice in solving word
their perceptions have changed. problems that apply the concepts of the
lesson. Use as an additional practice or as
Lesson Resources homework for second-day teaching of the
lesson.
Lesson Reading Guide Get Ready for the
Lesson reiterates the questions from the Enrichment These activities may extend
beginning of the Student Edition lesson. the concepts of the lesson, offer an
Read the Lesson asks students to interpret historical or multicultural look at the
the context of and relationships among concepts, or widen students’ perspectives on
terms in the lesson. Finally, Remember the mathematics they are learning. They
What You Learned asks students to are written for use with all levels of
summarize what they have learned using students.
various representation techniques. Use as a
study tool for note taking or as an informal
reading assignment. It is also a helpful
tool for ELL (English Language Learners).
Chapter 7 iv Glencoe Algebra 2
i-vi A2-07-873977 5/18/06 1:53 PM Page v
Graphing Calculator, Scientific Leveled Chapter Tests
Calculator, or Spreadsheet Activities
• Form 1 contains multiple-choice
These activities present ways in which
questions and is intended for use with
technology can be used with the concepts
below grade level students.
in some lessons of this chapter. Use as an
alternative approach to some concepts • Forms 2A and 2B contain multiple-choice
or as an integral part of your lesson questions aimed at on grade level
presentation. students. These tests are similar in
format to offer comparable testing
situations.
Assessment Options
• Forms 2C and 2D contain free-response
The assessment masters in the Chapter 7
questions aimed at on grade level
Resource Masters offer a wide range of
students. These tests are similar in
assessment tools for formative (monitoring)
format to offer comparable testing
assessment and summative (final)
situations.
assessment.
• Form 3 is a free-response test for use
Student Recording Sheet This master
with above grade level students.
corresponds with the standardized test
practice at the end of the chapter. All of the above mentioned tests include a
free-response Bonus question.
Pre-AP Rubric This master provides
information for teachers and students on Extended-Response Test Performance
how to assess performance on open-ended assessment tasks are suitable for all
questions. students. Samples answers and a scoring
rubric are included for evaluation.
Quizzes Four free-response quizzes offer
assessment at appropriate intervals in the Standardized Test Practice These three
chapter. pages are cumulative in nature. It includes
three parts: multiple-choice questions with
Mid-Chapter Test This 1-page test
bubble-in answer format, griddable
provides an option to assess the first half of
questions with answer grids, and short-
the chapter. It parallels the timing of the
answer free-response questions.
Mid-Chapter Quiz in the Student Edition
and includes both multiple-choice and free-
response questions. Answers
Vocabulary Test This test is suitable for • The answers for the Anticipation Guide
all students. It includes a list of vocabulary and Lesson Resources are provided as
words and 10 questions to assess students’ reduced pages with answers appearing in
knowledge of those words. This can also be red.
used in conjunction with one of the leveled • Full-size answer keys are provided for
chapter tests. the assessment masters.
Chapter 7 v Glencoe Algebra 2
i-vi A2-07-873977 5/18/06 1:53 PM Page vi
001-004 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:07 PM Page 1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7 Student-Built Glossary
Chapter Resources
This is an alphabetical list of the key vocabulary terms you will learn in Chapter 7.
As you study the chapter, complete each term’s definition or description.
Remember to add the page number where you found the term. Add these pages to
your Algebra Study Notebook to review vocabulary at the end of the chapter.
Found
Vocabulary Term Definition/Description/Example
on Page
composite of functions
conjugates
extraneous solution
identity function
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
inverse function
inverse relation
like radical expressions
(continued on the next page)
Chapter 7 1 Glencoe Algebra 2
001-004 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:07 PM Page 2
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7 Student-Built Glossary (continued)
Found
Vocabulary Term Definition/Description/Example
on Page
nth root
one-to-one
principal root
radical equation
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
radical inequality
rationalizing the
denominator
square root function
square root inequality
Chapter 7 2 Glencoe Algebra 2
001-004 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:07 PM Page 3
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7 Anticipation Guide
Radical Equations
STEP 1 Before you begin Chapter 7
Chapter Resources
• Read each statement.
• Decide whether you Agree (A) or Disagree (D) with the statement.
• Write A or D in the first column OR if you are not sure whether you agree or disagree,
write NS (Not Sure).
STEP 1 Statement STEP 2
A, D, or NS A or D
1. Functions can be added or subtracted in the same way as
polynomials.
2. A composition of functions, f [g(x)], is found by multiplying
f(x) by g(x).
3. The inverse of a function is the set of ordered pairs obtained
by taking the opposite of each coordinate in the original
ordered pairs.
4. Two functions are inverses of each other only if their
compositions are the identity function.
5. The domain of y (x
) 3 would be x 3.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6. The principal root of any nth root is always positive.
is in simplest form.
m
7. The radical expression 34
m 3
8. 4 3
and 4 3
are conjugates of each other.
53 is the same as .
2
53
2
9.
10. To solve an equation containing the square root of the
variable, square both sides of the equation.
STEP 2 After you complete Chapter 7
• Reread each statement and complete the last column by entering an A or a D.
• Did any of your opinions about the statements change from the first column?
• For those statements that you mark with a D, use a piece of paper to write an example of
why you disagree.
Chapter 7 3 Glencoe Algebra 2
001-004 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:07 PM Page 4
NOMBRE ______________________________________ FECHA ____________ PERÍODO ___
7 Ejercicios preparatorios
Ecuaciones radicales
PASO 1 Antes de comenzar el Capítulo 7
• Lee cada enunciado.
• Decide si estás de acuerdo (A) o en desacuerdo (D) con el enunciado.
• Escribe A o D en la primera columna O si no estás seguro(a) de la respuesta,
escribe NS (No estoy seguro(a).
PASO 1 PASO 2
A, D o NS Enunciado AoD
1. Las funciones se pueden sumar o restar de la misma manera
que los polinomios.
2. Una composición de funciones, f [g(x)], se encuentra al
multiplicar f(x) por g(x).
3. El inverso de una función es el conjunto de pares ordenados
que se obtienen al tomar el opuesto de cada coordenada
en los pares ordenados originales.
4. Dos funciones son inversas entre sí sólo si sus composiciones
son la función identidad.
5. El dominio de y (x
) 3 sería x 3.
6. La raíz principal de cualquier enésima raíz es siempre positiva.
m
7. La expresión radical m está en forma reducida.
343
8. 4 3
y 4 3
son conjugados entre sí.
53 es lo mismo que .
2
53
2
9.
10. Para resolver una ecuación que contiene la raíz cuadrada de
la variable, eleva al cuadrado ambos lados de la ecuación.
PASO 2 Después de completar el Capítulo 7
• Vuelve a leer cada enunciado y completa la última columna con una A o una D.
• ¿Cambió cualquiera de tus opiniones sobre los enunciados de la primera columna?
• En una hoja de papel aparte, escribe un ejemplo de por qué estás en desacuerdo con los
enunciados que marcaste con una D.
Capítulo 7 4 Álgebra 2 de Glencoe
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 5
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-1 Lesson Reading Guide
Operations on Functions
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 7-1 in your textbook.
Describe two ways to calculate Ms. Coffmon’s profit from the sale of
50 birdhouses. (Do not actually calculate her profit.)
Lesson 7-1
Read the Lesson
1. Determine whether each statement is true or false. (Remember that true means
always true.)
a. If f and g are polynomial functions, then f g is a polynomial function.
f
b. If f and g are polynomial functions, then
g is a polynomial function.
c. If f and g are polynomial functions, the domain of the function f g is the set of all
real numbers.
f
d. If f(x) 3x 2 and g(x) x 4, the domain of the function
g is the set of all real
numbers.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
e. If f and g are polynomial functions, then (f g)(x) (g f)(x).
f. If f and g are polynomial functions, then (f g)(x) (g f)(x).
2. Let f(x) 2x 5 and g(x) x2 1.
a. Explain in words how you would find (f g)(3). (Do not actually do any calculations.)
b. Explain in words how you would find (g f)(3). (Do not actually do any
calculations.)
Remember What You Learned
3. Some students have trouble remembering the correct order in which to apply the two
original functions when evaluating a composite function. Write three sentences, each of
which explains how to do this in a slightly different way. (Hint: Use the word closest in
the first sentence, the words inside and outside in the second, and the words left and
right in the third.)
Chapter 7 5 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 6
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-1 Study Guide and Intervention
Operations on Functions
Arithmetic Operations
Sum (f g)(x) f(x) g(x)
Difference (f g)(x) f(x) g(x)
Operations with Functions Product (f g)(x) f(x) g(x)
gf (x)
f(x)
Quotient , g(x) 0
g(x)
Example f
Find (f g)(x), ( f g)(x), (f g)(x), and g (x) for f(x) x 3x 4
2
and g(x) 3x 2.
(f g)(x) f(x) g(x) Addition of functions
(x 3x 4) (3x 2)
2 f(x) x 2 3x 4, g(x) 3x 2
x 6x 6
2 Simplify.
(f g)(x) f(x) g(x) Subtraction of functions
(x 3x 4) (3x 2)
2 f(x) x 2 3x 4, g(x) 3x 2
x2 2 Simplify.
(f g)(x) f(x) g(x) Multiplication of functions
(x 3x 4)(3x 2)
2 f(x) x 2 3x 4, g(x) 3x 2
x2(3x 2) 3x(3x 2) 4(3x 2) Distributive Property
3x 2x 9x 6x 12x 8
3 2 2 Distributive Property
3x3 7x2 18x 8 Simplify.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
gf (x)
f(x)
Division of functions
g(x)
x2 3x 4 2
3x 2 , x f(x) x 2 3x 4 and g(x) 3x 2
3
Exercises
f
Find (f g)(x), (f g)(x), ( f g)(x), and
g (x) for each f(x) and g(x).
1. f(x) 8x 3; g(x) 4x 5 2. f(x) x2 x 6; g(x) x 2
3. f(x) 3x2 x 5; g(x) 2x 3 4. f(x) 2x 1; g(x) 3x2 11x 4
1
5. f(x) x2 1; g(x)
x1
Chapter 7 6 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 7
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-1
7-1 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
Operations on Functions
Composition of Functions
Composition Suppose f and g are functions such that the range of g is a subset of the domain of f.
of Functions Then the composite function f g can be described by the equation [f g](x) f [g (x)].
Example 1 For f {(1, 2), (3, 3), (2, 4), (4, 1)} and g {(1, 3), (3, 4), (2, 2), (4, 1)},
find f g and g f if they exist.
f[ g(1)] f(3) 3 f[ g(2)] f(2) 4 f[ g(3)] f(4) 1 f[ g(4)] f(1) 2
Lesson 7-1
f g {(1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (4, 2)}
g[f(1)] g(2) 2 g[f(2)] g(4) 1 g[f(3)] g(3) 4 g[f(4)] g(1) 3
g f {(1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 4), (4, 3)}
Example 2 Find [g h](x) and [h g](x) for g(x) 3x 4 and h(x) x2 1.
[g h](x) g[h(x)] [h g](x) h[ g(x)]
g(x 1)
2 h(3x 4)
3(x2 1) 4 (3x 4)2 1
3x2 7 9x2 24x 16 1
9x2 24x 15
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Exercises
For each set of ordered pairs, find f g and g f if they exist.
1. f {(1, 2), (5, 6), (0, 9)}, 2. f {(5, 2), (9, 8), (4, 3), (0, 4)},
g {(6, 0), (2, 1), (9, 5)} g {(3, 7), (2, 6), (4, 2), (8, 10)}
Find [f g](x) and [g f](x).
3. f(x) 2x 7; g(x) 5x 1 4. f(x) x2 1; g(x) 4x2
5. f(x) x2 2x; g(x) x 9 6. f(x) 5x 4; g(x) 3 x
Chapter 7 7 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 8
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-1 Skills Practice
Operations on Functions
f
Find (f g)(x), ( f g)(x), (f g)(x), and (x) for each f(x) and g(x).
g
1. f(x) x 5 2. f(x) 3x 1
g(x) x 4 g(x) 2x 3
3. f(x) x2 4. f(x) 3x2
5
g(x) 4 x g(x)
x
For each set of ordered pairs, find f g and g f if they exist.
5. f {(0, 0), (4, 2)} 6. f {(0, 3), (1, 2), (2, 2)}
g {(0, 4), (2, 0), (5, 0)} g {(3, 1), (2, 0)}
7. f {(4, 3), (1, 1), (2, 2)} 8. f {(6, 6), (3, 3), (1, 3)}
g {(1, 4), (2, 1), (3, 1)} g {(3, 6), (3, 6), (6, 3)}
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Find [g h](x) and [h g](x).
9. g(x) 2x 10. g(x) 3x
h(x) x 2 h(x) 4x 1
11. g(x) x 6 12. g(x) x 3
h(x) x 6 h(x) x2
13. g(x) 5x 14. g(x) x 2
h(x) x2 x 1 h(x) 2x2 3
If f(x) 3x, g(x) x 4, and h(x) x2 1, find each value.
15. f[ g(1)] 16. g[h(0)] 17. g[f(1)]
18. h[f(5)] 19. g[h(3)] 20. h[f(10)]
21. f[h(8)] 22. [f (h g)](1) 23. [f ( g h)](2)
Chapter 7 8 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 9
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-1
7-1 Practice
Operations on Functions
f
Find ( f g)(x), ( f g)(x), ( f g)(x), and (x) for each f(x) and g(x).
g
1. f(x) 2x 1 2. f(x) 8x2 3. f(x) x2 7x 12
1
g(x) x 3 g(x) 2 g(x) x2 9
x
Lesson 7-1
For each set of ordered pairs, find f g and g f if they exist.
4. f {(9, 1), (1, 0), (3, 4)} 5. f {(4, 3), (0, 2), (1, 2)}
g {(0, 9), (1, 3), (4, 1)} g {(2, 0), (3, 1)}
6. f {(4, 5), (0, 3), (1, 6)} 7. f {(0, 3), (1, 3), (6, 8)}
g {(6, 1), (5, 0), (3, 4)} g {(8, 2), (3, 0), (3, 1)}
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Find [ g h](x) and [h g](x).
8. g(x) 3x 9. g(x) 8x 10. g(x) x 6
h(x) x 4 h(x) 2x 3 h(x) 3x2
11. g(x) x 3 12. g(x) 2x 13. g(x) x 2
h(x) 2x2 h(x) x2 3x 2 h(x) 3x2 1
If f(x) x2, g(x) 5x, and h(x) x 4, find each value.
14. f[ g(1)] 15. g[h(2)] 16. h[f(4)]
17. f[h(9)] 18. h[ g(3)] 19. g[f(8)]
20. h[f(20)] 21. [f (h g)](1) 22. [f (g h)](4)
23. BUSINESS The function f(x) 1000 0.01x2 models the manufacturing cost per item
when x items are produced, and g(x) 150 0.001x2 models the service cost per item.
Write a function C(x) for the total manufacturing and service cost per item.
n f
24. MEASUREMENT The formula f converts inches n to feet f, and m converts
12 5280
feet to miles m. Write a composition of functions that converts inches to miles.
Chapter 7 9 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 10
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-1 Word Problem Practice
Operations on Functions
1. AREA Bernard wants to know the 4. ENGINEERING A group of engineers is
area of a figure made by joining an designing a staple gun. One team
equilateral triangle and square along an determines that the speed of impact s of
2 3 the staple (in feet per second) as a
edge. The function f(s) s gives the
area of an equilateral
4 function of the handle length (in
triangle with side s. inches) is given by s() 40 3. A
The function g(s) s2
s second team determines that the
gives the area of a number of sheets N that can be stapled
square with side s. as a function of the impact speed is
s 10
What function h(s) given by N(s) 3. What function
gives the area of the gives N as a function of ?
figure as a function of
its side length s?
HOT AIR BALLOONS For Exercises 5
and 6, use the following information.
2. PRICING A computer company decides
to continuously adjust the pricing of and Hannah and Terry went on a one-hour hot
discounts to its products in an effort to air balloon ride. Let T(A) be the outside air
remain competitive. The function P(t) temperature as a function of altitude and
gives the sale price of its Super2000 let A(t) be the altitude of the balloon as a
computer as a function of time. The function of time.
function D(t) gives the value of a special 60 6
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
discount it offers to valued customers.
Teperature (ºF)
50 Altitude (km) 5
How much would valued customers have 40 4
to pay for one Super2000 computer? 30 3
20 2
10 1
3. LAVA A freshly ejected lava rock 0
1 2 3 4 5 6
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
immediately begins to cool down. The Altitude (km) Time (minutes)
temperature of the lava rock in degrees
5. What function describes the air
Fahrenheit as a function of time is given
temperature Hannah and Terry felt at
by T(t). Let C(F) be the function that
different times during their trip?
gives degrees Celsius as a function of
degrees Fahrenheit. What function gives
the temperature of the lava rock in
degrees Celsius as a function of time? 6. Sketch a graph of the function you wrote
for Exercise 5 based on the graphs for
T(A) and A(t) that are given.
60
Teperature (ºF)
50
40
30
20
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (minutes)
Chapter 7 10 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 11:25 AM Page 11
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-1 Enrichment
Relative Maximum Values
The graph of f (x) x3 6x 9 shows a f(x) x f (x)
relative maximum value somewhere
O x 2 5
between f (2) and f (1). You can obtain –4 –2 2 4
a closer approximation by comparing –4 1.5 3.375
values such as those shown in the table. –8
1.4 3.344
1.3 3.397
To the nearest tenth a relative maximum –12
1 4
value for f (x) is 3.3.
Lesson 7-1
–16
f(x) x3 6x 9
–20
Using a calculator to find points, graph each function. To the nearest
tenth, find a relative maximum value of the function.
1. f (x) x(x2 3) 2. f (x) x3 3x 3
f(x) f(x)
O x
O x
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3. f (x) x3 9x 2 4. f (x) x3 2x2 12x 24
f(x) f(x)
2 5
O 2 x O 1 x
Chapter 7 11 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 12
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-1 Spreadsheet Activity
Operations on Functions
It is possible to perform operations on functions such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division. You can use a spreadsheet to
investigate the relationships among functions.
Consider the functions f(x) 3x 2, g(x) x2 2x, and h(x) x2 x + 2.
Find the function values of each function for several values of x.
Does it appear that f(x) g(x) h(x)?
Use Column A for the chosen values of x.
Columns B, C, and E are f(x), g(x), and h(x)
Functions.xls
respectively. Use Column D for f(x) g(x). A B C D E
1 x f(x) g(x) f(x) + g(x) h(x)
For every value of x, f(x) g(x) h(x). 2 –4 –10 24 14 14
3 –2.5 –5.5 11.25 5.75 5.75
4 –1 –1 3 2 2
5 0 2 0 2 2
6 1 5 –1 4 4
7 4 14 8 22 22
8 12 38 120 158 158
9
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3
Exercises
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Study and use the spreadsheet above.
1. Find k(x) (3x 2) (x2 2x). How does it compare to h(x)?
2. Change the functions in the spreadsheet to f(x) x, g(x) 1 x2, and
2
x
h(x) 1 x2. How are these functions related? Is it true that
2
f(x) g(x) h(x)?
3. Make a conjecture about (f g)(x) for any functions f(x) and g(x).
4. Make a conjecture about (f g)(x) for any functions f(x) and g(x). Use the
spreadsheet to test your conjecture. Does it appear to be true? Explain
your answer.
Find (f g)(x), (f g)(x), for each f(x) and g(x). Use the spreadsheet to
find function values to verify your solutions.
5. f(x) 6x 8 6. f(x) x2 1 7. f(x) 10x2
g(x) 9 x g(x) 3x 4 g(x) 6 x2
Chapter 7 12 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 13
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-2 Lesson Reading Guide
Inverse Functions and Relations
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 7-2 in your textbook.
A function multiplies a number by 3 and then adds 5 to the result.
What does the inverse function do, and in what order?
Read the Lesson
1. Complete each statement.
a. If two relations are inverses, the domain of one relation is the of
the other.
b. Suppose that g is a relation and that the point (4, 2) is on its graph. Then a point
on the graph of g1 is .
c. The test can be used on the graph of a function to determine
Lesson 7-2
whether the function has an inverse function.
d. If you are given the graph of a function, you can find the graph of its inverse by
reflecting the original graph over the line with equation .
e. If f and g are inverse functions, then (f g)(x) and
(g f)(x)
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
.
f. A function has an inverse that is also a function only if the given function is
.
g. Suppose that h(x) is a function whose inverse is also a function. If h(5) 12, then
h1(12) .
2. Assume that f(x) is a one-to-one function defined by an algebraic equation. Write the four
steps you would follow in order to find the equation for f 1(x).
1.
2.
3.
4.
Remember What You Learned
3. A good way to remember something new is to relate it to something you already know.
How are the vertical and horizontal line tests related?
Chapter 7 13 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 14
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-2 Study Guide and Intervention
Inverse Functions and Relations
Find Inverses
Two relations are inverse relations if and only if whenever one relation contains the
Inverse Relations
element (a, b), the other relation contains the element (b, a).
Property of Inverse Suppose f and f 1 are inverse functions.
Functions Then f(a) b if and only if f 1(b) a.
Example 2 1
Find the inverse of the function f(x) x . Then graph the
5 5
function and its inverse.
Step 1 Replace f(x) with y in the original equation. f (x )
2 1 2 1
f(x) x → y x
5 5 5 5
f (x) 2–5x 1–5
Step 2 Interchange x and y.
O x
2 1
x y
5 5
f –1(x) 5–2x 1–2
Step 3 Solve for y.
2 1
x y Inverse
5 5
5x 2y 1 Multiply each side by 5.
5x 1 2y Add 1 to each side.
1
(5x 1) y
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Divide each side by 2.
2
2 1 1
The inverse of f(x) x is f 1(x) (5x 1).
5 5 2
Exercises
Find the inverse of each function. Then graph the function and its inverse.
2 1
1. f(x) x 1 2. f(x) 2x 3 3. f(x) x 2
3 4
f (x ) f (x ) f (x )
O x
O x O x
Chapter 7 14 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 15
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-2
7-2 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
Inverse Functions and Relations
Inverses of Relations and Functions
Inverse Functions Two functions f and g are inverse functions if and only if [f g](x) x and [g f ](x) x.
Example 1 1
Determine whether f(x) 2x 7 and g(x) (x 7) are
2
inverse functions.
[ f g](x) f[ g(x)] [ g f ](x) g[ f(x)]
12
f (x 7) g(2x 7)
2 (x 7) 7
1 1
(2x 7 7)
2 2
x77 x
x
The functions are inverses since both [ f g](x) x and [ g f ](x) x.
Example 2 1 1
Determine whether f(x) 4x and g(x) x 3 are
Lesson 7-2
3 4
inverse functions.
[ f g](x) f[ g(x)]
14
f x 3
4x 3
1 1
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4 3
1
x 12
3
2
x 11
3
Since [ f g](x) x, the functions are not inverses.
Exercises
Determine whether each pair of functions are inverse functions.
1 1
1. f(x) 3x 1 2. f(x) x 5 3. f(x) x 10
4 2
1 1 1
g(x) x g(x) 4x 20 g(x) 2x
3 3 10
4. f(x) 2x 5 5. f(x) 8x 12 6. f(x) 2x 3
1 1 3
g(x) 5x 2 g(x) x 12 g(x) x
8 2 2
1 3 1
7. f(x) 4x 8. f(x) 2x 9. f(x) 4x
2 5 2
1 1 1 1 3
g(x) x g(x) (5x 3) g(x) x
4 8 10 2 2
x 4 3
10. f(x) 10 11. f(x) 4x 12. f(x) 9 x
2 5 2
x 1 2
g(x) 20 2x g(x) g(x) x 6
4 5 3
Chapter 7 15 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 16
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-2 Skills Practice
Inverse Functions and Relations
Find the inverse of each relation.
1. {(3, 1), (4, 3), (8, 3)} 2. {(7, 1), (0, 5), (5, 1)}
3. {(10, 2), (7, 6), (4, 2), (4, 0)} 4. {(0, 9), (5, 3), (6, 6), (8, 3)}
5. {(4, 12), (0, 7), (9, 1), (10, 5)} 6. {(4, 1), (4, 3), (0, 8), (8, 9)}
Find the inverse of each function. Then graph the function and its inverse.
7. y 4 8. f(x) 3x 9. f(x) x 2
y f (x ) f (x )
O x O x
O x
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1 2
10. g(x) 2x 1 11. h(x) x 12. y x 2
4 3
g (x ) h (x ) y
O x O x O x
Determine whether each pair of functions are inverse functions.
13. f(x) x 1 14. f(x) 2x 3 15. f(x) 5x 5
1 1
g(x) 1 x g(x) (x 3) g(x) x 1
2 5
16. f(x) 2x 17. h(x) 6x 2 18. f(x) 8x 10
1 1 1 5
g(x) x g(x) x 3 g(x) x
2 6 8 4
Chapter 7 16 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 17
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-2
7-2 Practice
Inverse Functions and Relations
Find the inverse of each relation.
1. {(0, 3), (4, 2), (5, 6)} 2. {(5, 1), (5, 1), (5, 8)}
3. {(3, 7), (0, 1), (5, 9), (7, 13)} 4. {(8, 2), (10, 5), (12, 6), (14, 7)}
5. {(5, 4), (1, 2), (3, 4), (7, 8)} 6. {(3, 9), (2, 4), (0, 0), (1, 1)}
Find the inverse of each function. Then graph the function and its inverse.
3
7. f(x) x 8. g(x) 3 x 9. y 3x 2
4
f (x ) g (x ) y
Lesson 7-2
O x O x O x
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Determine whether each pair of functions are inverse functions.
10. f(x) x 6 11. f(x) 4x 1 12. g(x) 13x 13
1 1
g(x) x 6 g(x) (1 x) h(x) x 1
4 13
6
13. f(x) 2x 14. f(x) x 15. g(x) 2x 8
7
7 1
g(x) 2x g(x) x h(x) x 4
6 2
16. MEASUREMENT The points (63, 121), (71, 180), (67, 140), (65, 108), and (72, 165) give
the weight in pounds as a function of height in inches for 5 students in a class. Give the
points for these students that represent height as a function of weight.
REMODELING For Exercises 17 and 18, use the following information.
The Clearys are replacing the flooring in their 15 foot by 18 foot kitchen. The new flooring
costs $17.99 per square yard. The formula f(x) 9x converts square yards to square feet.
17. Find the inverse f 1(x). What is the significance of f1(x) for the Clearys?
18. What will the new flooring cost the Cleary’s?
Chapter 7 17 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 18
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-2 Word Problem Practice
Inverse Functions and Relations
1. VOLUME Jason wants to make a 4. SELF-INVERTIBLE Karen finds the
spherical water cooler that can hold half incomplete graph of a function in the
a cubic meter of water. He knows that back of her engineering handbook. The
4 function is graphed in the figure below.
V r3, but he needs to know how to
3
find r given V. Find this inverse Karen knows that this function is
function. its own inverse. Armed with this
knowledge, extend the graph for
values of x between 7 and 2.
y
5
-5 O 5 x
-5
2. EXERCISE Alex began a new exercise
routine. To gain the maximum benefit
from his exercise, Alex calculated his
maximum target heart rate using the
function. f(x) 0.85(220 x) where x PLANETS For Exercises 5 and 6, use
represents his age. Find the inverse of the following information.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
this function.
The approximate distance of a planet from
2
the Sun is given by d T 3 where d is
distance in astronomical units and T is
Earth years. An astronomical unit is the
distance of the Earth from the Sun.
5. Solve for T in terms of d.
3. ROCKETS The altitude of a rocket in
feet as a function of time is given by
f(t) = 49t2, where t ≥ 0. Find the inverse
of this function and determine the times 6. Pluto is about 39.44 times as far from
when the rocket will be 10, 100, and the Sun as the Earth. About how many
1000 feet high. Round your answers to years does it take Pluto to orbit the
the nearest hundredth of a second. Sun?
Chapter 7 18 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 19
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-2 Enrichment
Reading Algebra
In mathematics, the term group has a special meaning. The following
numbered sentences discuss the idea of group and one interesting example
of a group.
01 To be a group, a set of elements and a binary operation must satisfy four
conditions: the set must be closed under the operation, the operation
must be associative, there must be an identity element, and every
element must have an inverse.
02 The following six functions form a group under the operation of
1
composition of functions: f1(x) x, f2(x) , f3(x) 1 x,
x
(x 1) x 1
f4(x) , f5(x) , and f6(x) .
x (x 1) (1 x)
03 This group is an example of a noncommutative group. For example,
f3 f2 f4, but f2 f3 f6.
Lesson 7-2
04 Some experimentation with this group will show that the identity
element is f1.
05 Every element is its own inverse except for f4 and f6, each of which is the
inverse of the other.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Use the paragraph to answer these questions.
1. Explain what it means to say that a set is closed under an operation. Is
the set of positive integers closed under subtraction?
2. Subtraction is a noncommutative operation for the set of integers. Write
an informal definition of noncommutative.
3. For the set of integers, what is the identity element for the operation of
multiplication? Justify your answer.
4. Explain how the following statement relates to sentence 05:
1
(f6 f4 )(x) f6[ f4(x)] f6
(1 x)
1
1 (x 1)
x f1(x).
x
Chapter 7 19 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 20
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-3 Lesson Reading Guide
Square Root Functions
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 7-3 in your textbook.
If the weight to be supported by a steel cable is doubled, should the diameter of the support
cable also be doubled? If not, by what number should the diameter be multiplied?
Read the Lesson
1. Match each square root function from the list on the left with its domain and range from
the list on the right.
a. y x i. domain: x 0; range: y 3
b. y
x3 ii. domain: x 0; range: y 0
c. y x 3 iii. domain: x 0; range: y 3
d. y
x3 iv. domain: x 0; range: y 0
e. y x v. domain: x 3; range: y 0
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
f. y
x3 vi. domain: x 3; range: y 3
g. y
3x3 vii. domain: x 3; range: y 0
h. y x 3 viii. domain: x 3; range: y 0
2. The graph of the inequality y
3x 6 is a shaded region. Which of the following
points lie inside this region?
(3, 0) (2, 4) (5, 2) (4, 2) (6, 6)
Remember What You Learned
3. A good way to remember something is to explain it to someone else. Suppose you are
studying this lesson with a classmate who thinks that you cannot have square root
functions because every positive real number has two square roots. How would you
explain the idea of square root functions to your classmate?
Chapter 7 20 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 21
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-3 Study Guide and Intervention
Square Root Functions and Inequalities
Square Root Functions A function that contains the square root of a variable
expression is a square root function.
Example Graph y 3x
. State its domain and range.
2
2
Since the radicand cannot be negative, 3x 2 0 or x .
3
2
The x-intercept is . The range is y 0.
3
Make a table of values and graph the function. y
x y
2
0
3 y
3x 2
1 1 O x
2 2
3 7
Exercises
Graph each function. State the domain and range of the function.
1. y 2x
2. y 3x 3. y 2x
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
y y y
O x
Lesson 7-3
O x
O x
4. y 2
x3 5. y
2x 3 6. y
2x 5
y y y
O x
O x O x
Chapter 7 21 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 22
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-3 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
Square Root Functions and Inequalities
Square Root Inequalities A square root inequality is an inequality that contains
the square root of a variable expression. Use what you know about graphing square root
functions and quadratic inequalities to graph square root inequalities.
Example 2x
Graph y 1 2.
Graph the related equation y 2x 1 2. Since the boundary y
should be included, the graph should be solid. y
2x 1 2
1
The domain includes values for x , so the graph is to the right
2
1
of x .
2
O x
Exercises
Graph each inequality.
1. y 2x 2. y
x3 3. y 3
2x 1
y y y
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
O x O x
O x
4. y
3x 4 5. y
x14 6. y 2
2x 3
y y y
O x
O x
O x
7. y
3x 1 2 8. y
4x 2 1 9. y 2
2x 1 4
y y y
O x
O x
O x
Chapter 7 22 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 23
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-3 Skills Practice
Square Root Functions and Inequalities
Graph each function. State the domain and range of each function.
1. y 2x
2. y 3x
3. y 2x
y y y
O x O x
O x
4. y
x3 5. y
2x 5 6. y
x42
y y y
O x O x
O x
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Lesson 7-3
Graph each inequality.
7. y 4x
8. y
x1 9. y
4x 3
y y y
O x O x O x
Chapter 7 23 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 24
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-3 Practice
Square Root Functions and Inequalities
Graph each function. State the domain and range of each function.
1. y 5x
2. y
x1 3. y 2
x2
y y y
O x
O x
O x
4. y
3x 4 5. y
x74 6. y 1
2x 3
y y y
O x O x
O x
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Graph each inequality.
7. y 6x
8. y
x53 9. y 2
3x 2
y y y
O x O x
O x
10. ROLLER COASTERS The velocity of a roller coaster as it moves down a hill is
v , where v0 is the initial velocity and h is the vertical drop in feet. If
v02 64h
v 70 feet per second and v0 8 feet per second, find h.
11. WEIGHT Use the formula d 39602 WE
Ws
3960, which relates distance from Earth d
in miles to weight. If an astronaut’s weight on Earth WE is 148 pounds and in space Ws is
115 pounds, how far from Earth is the astronaut?
Chapter 7 24 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 2:24 PM Page 25
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-3 Word Problem Practice
Square Root Functions and Inequalities
1. SQUARES Cathy is building a square 4. DISTANCE Lance is standing at the
roof for her garage. The roof will occupy side of a road watching a cyclist go by.
625 square feet. What are the The distance between Lance and the
dimensions of the roof? cyclist as a function of time is given by
d 9 3.
6t 2 Graph this function.
Find the distance between Lance and
the cyclist after 3 seconds.
y
2. PENDULUMS The period of a
pendulum, the time it takes to complete
one swing, is given by the formula
3g where L is the length of
L O x
p 2
the pendulum and g is acceleration due
to gravity, 9.8 m/s2. Find the period of a
pendulum that is 0.65 meters long. STARS For Exercises 5-7, use the
Round to the nearest tenth. following information.
The intensity of the light from an object
varies inversely with the square of the
k
distance. In other words, I 2 .
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5. Solve the equation to find d in terms of I.
Lesson 7-3
3. REFLEXES Rachel and Ashley are
testing one another’s reflexes. Rachel
drops a ruler from a given height so that
it falls between Ashley’s thumb and
index finger. Ashley tries to catch the 6. Two stars give off the same amount of
ruler before it falls through her hand. light. However, from Earth their
The time required to catch the ruler is intensities differ. Let I1 and I2 be their
d
intensities and let d1 and d2 be their
given by t where d is measured
4 respective distances from Earth. What is
in feet. Complete the table. Round your the ratio of d2 to d1?
answers to the nearest hundredth.
Distance (in.) Reflex Time (seconds)
3 in.
6 in. 7. If one star appears 9 times as intense
as the other, how much closer is it to
9 in.
Earth?
12 in.
Chapter 7 25 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 26
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-3 Enrichment
Reading Algebra
If two mathematical problems have basic structural similarities,
they are said to be analogous. Using analogies is one way of
discovering and proving new theorems. c
p
The following numbered sentences discuss a three-dimensional b
analogy to the Pythagorean theorem. O q
r
01 Consider a tetrahedron with three perpendicular faces that a
meet at vertex O.
02 Suppose you want to know how the areas A, B, and C of the
three faces that meet at vertex O are related to the area D
of the face opposite vertex O.
03 It is natural to expect a formula analogous to the
Pythagorean theorem z2 x2 y2, which is true for a
similar situation in two dimensions. z
04 To explore the three-dimensional case, you might guess a y
formula and then try to prove it.
05 Two reasonable guesses are D3 A3 B3 C3 and
D2 A2 B2 C2. O x
Refer to the numbered sentences to answer the questions.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1. Use sentence 01 and the top diagram. The prefix tetra- means four. Write an
informal definition of tetrahedron.
2. Use sentence 02 and the top diagram. What are the lengths of the sides of
each face of the tetrahedron?
3. Rewrite sentence 01 to state a two-dimensional analogue.
4. Refer to the top diagram and write expressions for the areas A, B, and C
mentioned in sentence 02.
5. To explore the three-dimensional case, you might begin by expressing a, b,
and c in terms of p, q, and r. Use the Pythagorean theorem to do this.
6. Which guess in sentence 05 seems more likely? Justify your answer.
Chapter 7 26 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 27
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-4 Lesson Reading Guide
nth Roots
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 7-4 in your textbook.
A basketball has a volume of about 382 cubic inches. Explain how you would find the radius
of the basketball using a calculator. (Do not actually calculate the radius.)
Read the Lesson
1. For each radical below, identify the radicand and the index.
3
a. 23
radicand: index:
b.
15x2 radicand: index:
5
c. 343
radicand: index:
2. Complete the following table. (Do not actually find any of the indicated roots.)
Number of Positive Number of Negative Number of Positive Number of Negative
Number
Square Roots Square Roots Cube Roots Cube Roots
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
27
16
3. State whether each of the following is true or false.
a. A negative number has no real fourth roots.
b. 121
represents both square roots of 121.
Lesson 7-4
c. When you take the fifth root of x5, you must take the absolute value of x to identify
the principal fifth root.
Remember What You Learned
4. What is an easy way to remember that a negative number has no real square roots but
has one real cube root?
Chapter 7 27 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 28
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-4 Study Guide and Intervention
nth Roots
Simplify Radicals
Square Root For any real numbers a and b, if a 2 b, then a is a square root of b.
For any real numbers a and b, and any positive integer n, if a n b, then a is an nth
nth Root
root of b.
1. If n is even and b 0, then b has one positive root and one negative root.
Real nth Roots of b, 2. If n is odd and b 0, then b has one positive root.
n n
b
, b
3. If n is even and b 0, then b has no real roots.
4. If n is odd and b 0, then b has one negative root.
Example 1 Simplify
49z8. Example 2 Simplify
(2a
3
1)6
49z8
(7z4)2 7z4
3
1)6
(2a [(2a
3
1)2]3 (2a 1)2
z4 must be positive, so there is no need to
take the absolute value.
Exercises
Simplify.
3.
3
1. 81
2. 343
144p6
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5.
243p10 6.
5 3
4. 4a10 m6n9
7. 8.
16a10 9.
3
b12 b8 121x6
10. 12. 27p
6
3
(4k)4 11. 169r4
13.
625y2
z4 14.
36q34 15.
100x2
y4z6
18. 0.64p
10
3
16. 0.02
7 17. 0.36
19. 20.
(11y2)4 21.
(5a2b)6
4 3
(2x)8
22.
(3x 23.
(m 24.
36x2
12x
3
1)2 5)6 1
Chapter 7 28 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 29
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-4 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
nth Roots
Approximate Radicals with a Calculator
Irrational Number a number that cannot be expressed as a terminating or a repeating decimal
Radicals such as 2 and 3 are examples of irrational numbers. Decimal approximations
for irrational numbers are often used in applications. These approximations can be easily
found with a calculator.
Example Approximate 18.2
5
with a calculator.
5
18.2
1.787
Exercises
Use a calculator to approximate each value to three decimal places.
3
1. 62
2. 1050
3. 0.054
4
4. 5.45
5. 5280
6. 18,60
0
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3 5
7. 0.095
8. 15
9. 100
6
10. 856
11. 3200
12. 0.05
4
13. 12,50
0 14. 0.60
15. 500
Lesson 7-4
3 6
16. 0.15
17. 4200
18. 75
19. LAW ENFORCEMENT The formula r 25L is used by police to estimate the speed r
in miles per hour of a car if the length L of the car’s skid mark is measures in feet.
Estimate to the nearest tenth of a mile per hour the speed of a car that leaves a skid
mark 300 feet long.
20. SPACE TRAVEL The distance to the horizon d miles from a satellite orbiting h miles
above Earth can be approximated by d 8000h h2. What is the distance to the
horizon if a satellite is orbiting 150 miles above Earth?
Chapter 7 29 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 30
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-4 Skills Practice
nth Roots
Use a calculator to approximate each value to three decimal places.
1. 230
2. 38
3. 152
4. 5.6
3 3
5. 88
6. 222
4 5
7. 0.34
8. 500
Simplify.
9. 81
10. 144
11.
(5)2 12.
52
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4
13. 0.36
14.
9
3 3
15. 8
16. 27
3 5
17. 0.064
18. 32
20.
4
19. 81
y2
21. 22.
3
125s3 64x6
23. 27a
6 24.
3
m8n4
25.
100p4 26.
16w4v8
4
q2
27.
(3c)4 28.
(a b
)2
Chapter 7 30 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 31
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-4 Practice
nth Roots
Use a calculator to approximate each value to three decimal places.
3 3
1. 7.8
2. 89
3. 25
4. 4
8. (0.94)
2
4 5 6 4
5. 1.1
6. 0.1
7. 5555
Simplify.
4 6
9. 0.81
10. 324
11. 256
12. 64
3 3 5 4
13. 64
14. 0.512
15. 243
16. 1296
17.
5
1024
243 18.
243x10
5
19.
(14a)2 20. (14a
)2
21.
49m2t8 22. 16m2
25
23.
3
64r6
w15 24.
(2x)8
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
25. 26.
216p3 27.
676x4 28.
27x9
4 3 3
625s8 q9 y6 y12
29. 144m
8 30.
32x5 31.
(m 32.
(2x
5 6 3
n6 y10 4)6 1)3
33.
49a10 34.
(x 5 35. 36.
x2 1
4 3
b16 )8 343d6 0x 25
Lesson 7-4
37. RADIANT TEMPERATURE Thermal sensors measure an object’s radiant temperature,
which is the amount of energy radiated by the object. The internal temperature of an
4
object is called its kinetic temperature. The formula Tr Tke relates an object’s radiant
temperature Tr to its kinetic temperature Tk. The variable e in the formula is a measure
of how well the object radiates energy. If an object’s kinetic temperature is 30°C and
e 0.94, what is the object’s radiant temperature to the nearest tenth of a degree?
38. HERO’S FORMULA Salvatore is buying fertilizer for his triangular garden. He knows
the lengths of all three sides, so he is using Hero’s formula to find the area. Hero’s
formula states that the area of a triangle is s(s
a)(s b)(s c), where a, b, and c are
the lengths of the sides of the triangle and s is half the perimeter of the triangle. If the
lengths of the sides of Salvatore’s garden are 15 feet, 17 feet, and 20 feet, what is the
area of the garden? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
Chapter 7 31 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 32
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-4 Word Problem Practice
nth Roots
1. CUBES Cathy is building a cubic 4. MARKUPS A wholesaler manufactures
storage room. She wants the volume of a part for D dollars. The wholesaler sells
the space to be 1728 cubic feet. What the part to a dealer for a P percent
should the dimensions of the cube be? markup. The dealer sells the part to a
retailer at an additional P percent
x
x markup. The retailer in turn sells the
part to its customers marking up the
price yet another P percent. What is
x the price that customers see? If the
customer buys the part for $80 and the
markup is 40%, what approximately was
the original cost to make the part?
PENDULUMS For Exercises 5 and 6,
2. ASTRONOMY A special form of
use the following information.
Kepler’s Third Law of Planetary Motion
3
is given by a P2 where a is the
Mr. Topalian’s physics class is experimenting
average distance of an object from the
with pendulums. The class learned the
Sun in AU (astronomical units) and P is
formula T 2
L
which relates the
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
the period of the orbit in years. If an 3g
object is orbiting the Sun with a period time T that it takes for a pendulum to swing
of 12 years, what is its distance from back and forth based on gravity g equal to
the Sun? 32 feet per second squared, and the length of
the pendulum L in feet.
5. One group in the class made a 2-foot
long pendulum. Use the formula to
3. TUNING Two notes are an octave apart determine how long it will take for their
if the frequency of the higher note is pendulum to swing back and forth.
twice the frequency of the lower note.
Casey is experimenting with an
instrument that has 6 notes tuned so
that the frequency of each successive
note increases by the same factor and 6. Another group decided they wanted
the first and last note are an octave to make a pendulum that took about
apart. By what factor does the frequency 1.76 seconds to go back and forth.
increase from note to note? Approximately how long should their
pendulum be?
Chapter 7 32 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 33
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-4 Enrichment
Approximating Square Roots
Consider the following expansion.
2 b2
(a 2ba) 2ab
a2 2
2a 4a
b2
a2 b 2
4a
b2
Think what happens if a is very great in comparison to b. The term 2 is very
4a
small and can be disregarded in an approximation.
2
(a 2ba) a2 b
b
a
2a
a2 b
Suppose a number can be expressed as a2 b, a b. Then an approximate value
b b
of the square root is a . You should also see that a
2a 2a
a2 b.
Example b
Use the formula
a2
b a to approximate
101 and
622.
2a
a. 101
1
100 102
1 b. 622
3
625 252
3
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Let a 10 and b 1. Let a 25 and b 3.
1 3
101
10 622
25
2(10) 2(25)
10.05 24.94
Exercises
Use the formula to find an approximation for each square root to the
nearest hundredth. Check your work with a calculator.
1. 626
2. 99
3. 402
4. 1604
5. 223
6. 80
Lesson 7-4
7. 4890
8. 2505
9. 3575
10. 1,441
,100 11. 290
12. 260
b
13. Show that a
2a
a2 b for a b.
Chapter 7 33 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 34
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-5 Lesson Reading Guide
Operations with Radical Expressions
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 7-5 in your textbook.
Describe how you could use the golden ratio to find the height of a golden
triangle if you knew its width.
Read the Lesson
1. Complete the conditions that must be met for a radical expression to be in simplified form.
• The n is as as possible.
• The contains no (other than 1) that are nth
powers of a(n) or polynomial.
• The radicand contains no .
• No appear in the .
2. a. What are conjugates of radical expressions used for?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1 2
b. How would you use a conjugate to simplify the radical expression ?
3 2
c. In order to simplify the radical expression in part b, two multiplications are
necessary. The multiplication in the numerator would be done by the
method, and the multiplication in the denominator would be done by finding the
of .
Remember What You Learned
3. One way to remember something is to explain it to another person. When rationalizing the
1
denominator in the expression
3 , many students think they should multiply numerator
2
3
2
and denominator by
3
. How would you explain to a classmate why this is incorrect
2
and what he should do instead.
Chapter 7 34 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 35
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-5 Study Guide and Intervention
Operations with Radical Expressions
Simplify Radical Expressions
For any real numbers a and b, and any integer n 1:
n n n
Product Property of Radicals 1. if n is even and a and b are both nonnegative, then ab
a b.
n n n
2. if n is odd, then ab
a b.
To simplify a square root, follow these steps:
1. Factor the radicand into as many squares as possible.
2. Use the Product Property to isolate the perfect squares.
3. Simplify each radical.
For any real numbers a and b 0, and any integer n 1,
Quotient Property of Radicals n
a a
n
n , if all roots are defined.
b b
To eliminate radicals from a denominator or fractions from a radicand, multiply the
numerator and denominator by a quantity so that the radicand has an exact root.
Example 1 3
Example 2 8x3
Simplify 16a
5 b7 . Simplify .
45y 5
16a
5 b7
(2)3
2 a3
a2
(b2) 3
3 3
b
2ab 2a
2 3
2b
8x3
8x3
Quotient Property
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5
45y
45y5
(2x)2 2x
Factor into squares.
(3y
2 )
2 5y
(2x)
2x
2 Product Property
(3y
2 ) 5y
2
2| x|2x
Simplify.
3y25y
2| x|2x
5y
Rationalize the
3y25y
5y
denominator.
2| x|10xy
3 Simplify.
15y
Exercises
Simplify.
Lesson 7-5
1. 554
2. 3.
75x4y7
4
32a9b20
4.
36
125
5. a6b3
98
6.
3 p5q3
40
Chapter 7 35 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 36
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-5 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
Operations with Radical Expressions
Operations with Radicals When you add expressions containing radicals, you can
add only like terms or like radical expressions. Two radical expressions are called like
radical expressions if both the indices and the radicands are alike.
To multiply radicals, use the Product and Quotient Properties. For products of the form
(ab cd ) (ef gh), use the FOIL method. To rationalize denominators, use
conjugates. Numbers of the form ab cd
and ab cd, where a, b, c, and d are
rational numbers, are called conjugates. The product of conjugates is always a rational
number.
Example 1 Simplify 250
4500
6125
.
250
4500 2
6125 52 2 4102 5 652 5 Factor using squares.
2 5 2 4 10 5
6 5 5
Simplify square roots.
10 2 405 305 Multiply.
10 2 10 5 Combine like radicals.
Example 2 Example 3 2 5
Simplify (2
3 4
2 )(
3 2
2 ). Simplify .
3 5
(23 42 )(3 22 ) 2 5
2 5
3 5
23 3 23 2
2 4
2
3 4
2 2
2
3 5
3 5
3 5
6 46 46 16
6 25
35
(5
)2
10
3 (5
)
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
2 2
6 55
5
95
11 55
4
Exercises
Simplify.
1. 32
50
48
2. 20
125
45
3. 300
27
75
3
4. 81
24
3 3
5. 2
4( 3
12
3
) 6. 23
(15
60
)
7. (2 37
)(4 7
) 8. (63
42
)(33
2
) 9. (42
35
)(2 )
20 5
548
75 4 2
5 33
10. 11. 12.
53
2 2
1 23
Chapter 7 36 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 37
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-5 Skills Practice
Operations with Radical Expressions
Simplify.
1. 24
2. 75
3 4
3. 16
4. 48
5. 4 6.
64a4b4
4
50x5
7.
3 1
d 2f 5
8
8. 25
s2t
36
9. 3
7
10.
3 2
9
11. 2g3
5z
12. (33
)(53
)
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
13. (412
)(320
) 14. 2
8
50
15. 12
23
108
16. 85
45
80
17. 248
75
12
18. (2 3
)(6 2
)
19. (1 5
)(1 5
) 20. (3 7
)(5 2
)
2 3
21. (2
6
) 22.
7 2
Lesson 7-5
4 5
23. 24.
3 2
8 6
Chapter 7 37 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 38
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-5 Practice
Operations with Radical Expressions
Simplify.
3 3
1. 540
2. 432
3. 128
4 3 5
4. 405
5. 500
0 6. 121
5
7.
125t6w2 8. 9.
3 4 3
48v8z13 8g3k8
10.
45x3y8 11. 11
9
12.
3 216
24
13. 1
c4d 7
128
14. 9a5
64b4
15.
4
8
9a3
16. (315
)(445
) 17. (224
)(718
) 18. 810
240
250
19. 620
85
545
20. 848
675
780
21. (32
23
)2
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
22. (3 7
)2 23. (5
6
)(5
2
) 24. (2
10
)(2
10
)
25. (1 6
)(5 7
) 26. (3
47
)2 27. (108
63
)2
3 6 5 3
28. 29. 30.
5
2 2
1 4 3
3 2
3 6
3 x
31. 32. 33.
2 2
5 24
2 x
34. BRAKING The formula s 25 estimates the speed s in miles per hour of a car when
it leaves skid marks feet long. Use the formula to write a simplified expression for s if
85. Then evaluate s to the nearest mile per hour.
35. PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM The measures of the legs of a right triangle can be
represented by the expressions 6x2y and 9x2y. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find a
simplified expression for the measure of the hypotenuse.
Chapter 7 38 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 39
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-5 Word Problem Practice
Operations with Radical Expressions
1. CUBES Cathy has a rectangular box RACING For Exercises 5 and 6, use the
with dimensions 20 inches by 35 inches following information and express
by 40 inches. She would like to replace it your answers in simplest form.
with a box in the shape of a cube but
with the same volume. What should the John is Jay’s younger brother. They like to
length of a side of the cube be? Express race and, after many races, they found that
your answer as a radical expression in the fairest race was to run slightly different
simplest form. distances. They both start at the same place
and run straight for 0.2 miles. Then they
head for different finishes. In the figure,
John and Jay’s finishing paths are marked.
2. PHYSICS The speed of a wave traveling
John’s Jay’s
t Finish Finish
over a string is given by where t is
u
, 0.1 mile 0.1 mile
the tension of the string and u is the
density. Rewrite the expression in
0.1 mile
simplest form by rationalizing the
denominator.
Start 0.2 mile
This time, they tied. Both of them finished
the race in exactly 4 minutes.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3. TUNING With each note higher on a
5. If John and Jay continued at their
piano, the frequency of the pitch
12 average paces during the race, exactly
increases by a factor of 2 . What is the
how many minutes would it take them
ratio of the frequencies of two notes that
each to run a mile? Express your answer
are 6 steps apart on the piano? What is
as a radical expression in simplest form.
the ratio of the frequencies of two notes
that are 9 steps apart on the piano?
Express your answers in simplest form.
4. LIGHTS Suppose a light has a
brightness intensity of I1 when it is at a
distance of d1 and a brightness intensity
of I2 when it is at a distance of d2. These
quantities are related by the equation
6. Exactly how many times as fast did
d2 I 1
d1
. Suppose I1 50 units and
I
John run as Jay?
Lesson 7-5
2
2 d
I2 24 units. What would
d1
be?
Express your answer in simplest form.
Chapter 7 39 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 40
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-5 Enrichment
Special Products with Radicals
2 2
Notice that (3
)(3
) 3, or (3
) 3. In general, (x ) x when x 0.
Also, notice that (9
)(4
) 36
. In general, (x )(y ) xy
when x and y
are not negative.
You can use these ideas to find the special products below.
(a b )(a b ) (a)2 (b )2 a b
(a b )2 (a )2 2ab
(b )2 a 2abb
(a b )2 (a )2 2ab
(b )2 a 2abb
Example 1 Find the product: (2 )(2
5 ).
5
(2 5 )(2 5 ) (2)2 (5 )2 2 5 3
Example 2 Evaluate (2 ) .
8 2
(2 8)2 (2)2 228 (8)2
2 216
8 2 2(4) 8 2 8 8 18
Exercises
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Multiply.
1. (3
7
)(3
7
) 2. (10
2
)(10
2
)
2
3. (2x
6
)(2x
6
) 4. (3
(7))
2
5. (1000
10
) 6. (y 5
)(y 5
)
2 2
7. (50
x ) 8. (x 20)
You can extend these ideas to patterns for sums and differences of cubes.
Study the pattern below. Then complete Exercises 9–12.
( x )( 8 8x
x ) 8
3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3
8 x 8x
9. (2 5 )(
2 10
3 3 3 2 3 3 2
5 )
)(
10. (y w
y2 yw
3 3 3 3 3
w2 )
1 1. (7 )(
20
72 140
3 3 3 3 3
202 )
12. (11 )(
8
112 88
3 3 3 3 3
82)
Chapter 7 40 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 41
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-6 Lesson Reading Guide
Rational Exponents
Get Ready for the Lesson
Lesson 7-6
Read the introduction to Lesson 7-6 in your textbook.
2
The formula in the introduction contains the exponent . What do you think
5
2
it might mean to raise a number to the power?
5
Read the Lesson
1. Complete the following definitions of rational exponents.
1
• For any real number b and for any positive integer n, b n except
when b and n is .
• For any nonzero real number b, and any integers m and n, with n ,
m
bn , except when b and
n is .
2. Complete the conditions that must be met in order for an expression with rational
exponents to be simplified.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• It has no exponents.
• It has no exponents in the .
• It is not a fraction.
• The of any remaining is the
number possible.
3. Margarita and Pierre were working together on their algebra homework. One exercise
4
asked them to evaluate the expression 27 3 . Margarita thought that they should raise
27 to the fourth power first and then take the cube root of the result. Pierre thought that
they should take the cube root of 27 first and then raise the result to the fourth power.
Whose method is correct?
Remember What You Learned
4. Some students have trouble remembering which part of the fraction in a rational
exponent gives the power and which part gives the root. How can your knowledge of
integer exponents help you to keep this straight?
Chapter 7 41 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:15 PM Page 42
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-6 Study Guide and Intervention
Rational Exponents
Rational Exponents and Radicals
1
For any real number b and any positive integer n,
Definition of b n 1
n
b n b
, except when b 0 and n is even.
m
For any nonzero real number b, and any integers m and n, with n 1,
Definition of b n m
m
bm (b
) , except when b
n n
bn 0 and n is even.
1
1
8
Example 1 Example 2
Write 28 2 in radical form. Evaluate 3 .
125
Notice that 28 0.
1
Notice that 8 0, 125 0, and 3 is odd.
28 28
2 8 1
8
3
125
3
22 7
3
125
2
22 7
5
27
2
5
Exercises
Write each expression in radical form.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1 1 3
1. 11 7 2. 15 3 3. 300 2
Write each radical using rational exponents.
5. 6.
3 4
4. 47
3a5b2 162p5
Evaluate each expression.
1
2 1
5 2
7. 27 3
8. 9. (0.0004) 2
25
1 1
2 3
144 2 16 2
10. 8 4
3 2
11. 1
12. 1
27 3 (0.25) 2
Chapter 7 42 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 11:26 AM Page 43
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-6 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
Rational Exponents
Simplify Expressions All the properties of powers from Lesson 6-1 apply to rational
Lesson 7-6
exponents. When you simplify expressions with rational exponents, leave the exponent in
rational form, and write the expression with all positive exponents. Any exponents in the
denominator must be positive integers.
When you simplify radical expressions, you may use rational exponents to simplify, but your
answer should be in radical form. Use the smallest index possible.
2 3
Example 1
Simplify y 3 y 8 .
Example 2 Simplify
144x6.
4
2 3 2 3 25 1
4
y3 y8 y3 8 y 24 144x6 (144x6) 4
1
(24 32 x6) 4
1 1 1
(24) 4 (32) 4 (x6) 4
1 3 1
2 3 2 x 2 2x (3x) 2 2x3x
Exercises
Simplify each expression.
2. y 3 4
4 6 2 3 4 7
1. x 5 x 5 3. p 5 p 10
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. m 6. s
6 2 3 4 1 4
5 8 6 3
5 5. x x3
1
x 2
8. a a
p 2 6
2
3
7. 1
3 5 5 9. 1
x 3
p3
6 4 5
10. 128
11. 49
12. 288
3 6
13. 32
316
14. 25
125
15. 16
a
3 3
17.
x 3 3 b4
16. 48
18. 3
12 ab
Chapter 7 43 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:16 PM Page 44
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-6 Skills Practice
Rational Exponents
Write each expression in radical form.
1 1
1. 3 6 2. 8 5
2 3
3. 12 3 4. (s3) 5
Write each radical using rational exponents.
3
5. 51
6. 37
7. 8.
4 3
153 6xy2
Evaluate each expression.
1 1
9. 32 5 10. 81 4
1 1
3
11. 27 12. 42
3 4
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
13. 16 2 14. (243) 5
1 5 3
49
15. 27 3 27 3 16. 2
Simplify each expression.
12 3 2 16
17. c 5 c 5 18. m 9 m 9
3
1 1
19. q 2 20. p5
2
6
1 x3
21. x 1 22. 1
x4
1 1
y 2 n3
23. 1
24. 1 1
y4 n6 n2
12
26.
49a8b2
8
25. 64
Chapter 7 44 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:16 PM Page 45
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-6 Practice
Rational Exponents
Write each expression in radical form.
Lesson 7-6
1 2 4 2
1. 5 3 2. 6 5 3. m 7 4. (n3) 5
Write each radical using rational exponents.
7.
27m6n4 8. 5
4 3
5. 79
6. 153
2a10b
Evaluate each expression.
1 1 5
5 3
9. 81 4 10. 1024 11. 8
3 2 1 4
4 3
12. 256 13. (64) 14. 27 3 27 3
1 1
3
125 2
64 3
15. 3 16. 17. 25 2 64
216 2
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3433
Simplify each expression.
4 3 3 13 1 4 1
3 5 2
18. g 7 g 7 19. s 4 s 4 20. u 21. y
3
2
1
3
5 q5 t3 2z 2
22. b 23. 2 24. 1 3
25.
1
q5 5t 2 t 4 z2 1
10 a
26.
5 4 4
85 27. 12 123 28. 6
36
29.
3b
30. ELECTRICITY The amount of current in amperes I that an appliance uses can be
1
P
calculated using the formula I 2 , where P is the power in watts and R is the
R
resistance in ohms. How much current does an appliance use if P 500 watts and
R 10 ohms? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
1
31. BUSINESS A company that produces DVDs uses the formula C 88n 3 330 to
calculate the cost C in dollars of producing n DVDs per day. What is the company’s cost
to produce 150 DVDs per day? Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
Chapter 7 45 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:16 PM Page 46
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-6 Word Problem Practice
Rational Exponents
1. SQUARING THE CUBE A cube has 4. INTEREST Rita opened a bank account
side length s. What is the side length of that accumulated interest at the rate of
the square that has an area equal to the 1% compounded annually. Her money
volume of this cube? Write your answer accumulated interest in that account for
using rational exponents. 8 years. She then took all of her money
out of that account and placed it into
another account that paid 5% interest
compounded annually. After 4 years,
she took all of her money out of that
account. What single interest rate when
compounded annually would give her
the same outcome for those 12 years?
2. WATER TOWER A large water tower Round your answer to the nearest
stores drinking water in a big spherical hundredth of a percent.
tank. The mayor of the town decides
that the water tower
must be replaced
with a larger tank.
Town residents insist
CELLS For Exercises 5-7, use the
following information.
that the new tower
be a sphere. If the
The number of cells in a cell culture grows
new tank will hold
exponentially. The number of cells in the
10 times as much
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
culture as a function of time is given by the
water as the old 6 t
tank, how many (5 )
expression N where t is measured in
times long should hours and N is the initial size of the
the radius of the new tank be compared culture.
to the old tank? Write your answer
using rational exponents.
5. After 3 hours, there were 1728 cells in
the culture. What is N?
6. How many cells were in the culture
3. BALLOONS A spherical balloon is
after 20 minutes? Express your answer
being inflated faster and faster. The
in simplest form.
volume of the balloon as a function of
time is 9t2. What is the radius of the
balloon as a function of time? Write your
answer using rational exponents.
7. How many cells were in the culture
after 2.5 hours? Express your answer in
simplest form.
Chapter 7 46 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 1:31 PM Page 47
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-6 Enrichment
Lesser-Known Geometric Formulas
Lesson 7-6
Many geometric formulas involve radical expressions.
Make a drawing to illustrate each of the formulas given on this page.
Then evaluate the formula for the given value of the variable. Round
answers to the nearest hundredth.
1. The area of an isosceles triangle. Two 2. The area of an equilateral triangle with
sides have length a; the other side has a side of length a. Find A when a 8.
length c. Find A when a 6 and c 7. a2
A 3
c 4
A
4a2
c2
4
3. The area of a regular pentagon with a 4. The area of a regular hexagon with a
side of length a. Find A when a 4. side of length a. Find A when a 9.
a2 3a2
A
25
105
A 3
4 2
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5. The volume of a regular tetrahedron 6. The area of the curved surface of a right
with an edge of length a. Find V when cone with an altitude of h and radius of
a 2. base r. Find S when r 3 and h 6.
a3
V 2
S r
r2 h2
12
7. Heron’s Formula for the area of a 8. The radius of a circle inscribed in a given
triangle uses the semi-perimeter s, triangle also uses the semi-perimeter.
abc Find r when a 6, b 7, and c 9.
where s . The sides of the
2
s(s
a)(s
b)(s
c)
triangle have lengths a, b, and c. Find A r
s
when a 3, b 4, and c 5.
A
s(s
a)(s
b)(s
c)
Chapter 7 47 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:16 PM Page 48
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-6 Spreadsheet Activity
Appreciation and Depreciation
When an asset such as a house increases in value over time, it is said to
appreciate. If the value increases by a fixed percent each year, or other
period of time, the amount y of that quantity after t years is given by
y a(1 r)t,
where a is the initial amount and r is the percent of increase expressed as a
decimal. You can use a spreadsheet to investigate future values of an asset.
Example Michael Blackstock is considering buying a piece of
investment property for $95,000. The homes in the area are
appreciating at an average rate of 4% per year. Find the expected
value of the home in 1 year, 1 year and 6 months, 4 years, and
6 years and 9 months.
Use rows 1 and 2 to enter the initial amount and the rate Appreciation.xls
of increase. Then use Column A to enter the amounts of A B
time. Enter the numbers of months as a fraction of a year 1 Initial value = $95,000.00
since t is measured in years. Column B contains the 2 Rate = 0.04
formulas for the value of the home. 3
4 Years Value
5 1 $98,800.00
Format the cells containing the values as currency so 6 1.5 $100,756.63
that they are displayed as dollars and cents. The expected 7 4 $111,136.56
8 6.75 $123,793.73
value of the home after each amount of time is shown in 9
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
the spreadsheet. Sheet 1 Sheet 2
Exercises
1. If Mr. Blackstock chooses another property in the neighborhood that costs
$99,900, what are the expected values of that home in the same periods of time?
2. What would Mr. Blackstock’s profit be on the $99,900 home if he sold it
after 9 years and 3 months?
3. If an antique chair worth $165.00 increases in value an average of 31%
2
every year, how much will it be worth next year?
4. Often assets like cars decrease in value over time. This asset is said to
depreciate. If the value decreases by a fixed percent each year, or other
period of time, the amount y of that quantity after t years is given by
y a(1 r)t, where a is the initial amount and r is the percent of decrease
expressed as a decimal. Use a spreadsheet to find the value of a car
purchased for $18,500 after 2 years, 2 years and 6 months, and 4 years
and 3 months if the car depreciates at a rate of 12% per year.
Chapter 7 48 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:16 PM Page 49
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-7 Lesson Reading Guide
Solving Radical Equations and Inequalities
Get Ready for the lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 7-7 in your textbook.
Explain how you would use the formula in your textbook to find the cost of producing
125,000 computer chips. (Describe the steps of the calculation in the order in which you would
perform them, but do not actually do the calculation.)
Lesson 7-7
Read the Lesson
1. a. What is an extraneous solution of a radical equation?
b. Describe two ways you can check the proposed solutions of a radical equation in order
to determine whether any of them are extraneous solutions.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
2. Complete the steps that should be followed in order to solve a radical inequality.
Step 1 If the of the root is , identify the values of
the variable for which the is .
Step 2 Solve the algebraically.
Step 3 Test to check your solution.
Remember What You Learned
3. One way to remember something is to explain it to another person. Suppose that your
friend Leora thinks that she does not need to check her solutions to radical equations by
substitution because she knows she is very careful and seldom makes mistakes in her
work. How can you explain to her that she should nevertheless check every proposed
solution in the original equation?
Chapter 7 49 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:16 PM Page 50
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-7 Study Guide and Intervention
Solving Radical Equations and Inequalities
Solve Radical Equations The following steps are used in solving equations that have
variables in the radicand. Some algebraic procedures may be needed before you use these
steps.
Step 1 Isolate the radical on one side of the equation.
Step 2 To eliminate the radical, raise each side of the equation to a power equal to the index of the radical.
Step 3 Solve the resulting equation.
Step 4 Check your solution in the original equation to make sure that you have not obtained any extraneous roots.
Example 1 Solve 2
4x
8 4 8. Example 2 Solve 3x
5x
1 1.
2
4x 8 4 8 Original equation 3x 1 5x 1 Original equation
24x 8 12 Add 4 to each side. 3x 1 5x 2 5x 1 Square each side.
4x 8 6 Isolate the radical. 25x
2x Simplify.
4x 8 36 Square each side. 5x
x Isolate the radical.
4x 28 Subtract 8 from each side. 5x x 2 Square each side.
x7 Divide each side by 4. x 5x 0
2 Subtract 5x from each side.
Check x(x 5) 0 Factor.
2
4(7)
848 x 0 or x 5
236
48 Check
2(6) 4 8 3(0) 1 1, but 5(0)
1 1, so 0 is
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
not a solution.
88
3(5) 1 4, and 5(5)
1 4, so the
The solution x 7 checks. solution is x 5.
Exercises
Solve each equation.
1. 3 2x3
5 2. 2
3x 4 1 15 3. 8
x12
4.
5x46 5. 12
2x 1 4 6.
12 x 0
7. 21
5x 4 0 8. 10 2x
5 9.
x2 7x
7x 9
3
10. 4 2 10
2x 11 11. 2
x 11
x 2
3x 6 12. x1
9x 11
Chapter 7 50 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:16 PM Page 51
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-7 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
Solving Radical Equations and Inequalities
Solve Radical Inequalities A radical inequality is an inequality that has a variable
in a radicand. Use the following steps to solve radical inequalities.
Step 1 If the index of the root is even, identify the values of the variable for which the radicand is nonnegative.
Step 2 Solve the inequality algebraically.
Step 3 Test values to check your solution.
Example Solve 5 20x
4 3.
Lesson 7-7
Since the radicand of a square root Now solve 5
20x
4 3.
must be greater than or equal to
zero, first solve 5
20x 4 3 Original inequality
20x 4 0.
20x 48 Isolate the radical.
20x 4 0 20x 4 64 Eliminate the radical by squaring each side.
20x 4 20x 60 Subtract 4 from each side.
1
x x3 Divide each side by 20.
5
1
It appears that x 3 is the solution. Test some values.
5
x 1 x0 x4
20(1
) 4 is not a real 5 20(0)
4 3, so the 5 20(4)
4 4.2, so
number, so the inequality is inequality is satisfied. the inequality is not
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
not satisfied. satisfied
1
Therefore the solution x 3 checks.
5
Exercises
Solve each inequality.
1.
c247 2. 3
2x 1 6 15 3.
10x
92 5
3
4. 5
x28 2 5. 8
3x 4 3 6.
2x 8 4 2
20
7. 9
6x 3 6 8. 4 9. 2
5x 6 1 5
3x 1
10. 4 12
2x 12 11. d
2d 1 5 12. 4
b 3
b 2 10
Chapter 7 51 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:16 PM Page 52
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-7 Skills Practice
Solving Radical Equations and Inequalities
Solve each equation or inequality.
1. x 5 2. x 3 7
1
3. 5j 1 4. v 2 1 0
1
3
5. 18 3y 2 25 6. 2w
4
7.
b54 8. 5
3n 1
3
9.
3r 6 3 10. 2 6
3p 7
1
11.
k415 12. (2d 3) 3 2
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1 1
13. (t 3) 3 2 14. 4 (1 7u) 3 0
15.
3z 2
z4 16.
g 1
2g 7
17.
x 1 4
x1 18. 5
s36
19. 2
3x 3 7 20. 6
2a 4
21. 2
4r 3 10 22. 4
3x 1 3
23.
y433 24. 3
11r
3 15
Chapter 7 52 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:16 PM Page 53
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-7 Practice
Solving Radical Equations and Inequalities
Solve each equation or inequality.
1. x 8 2. 4 x 3
3. 2p
3 10 4. 43h
20
1 1
5. c 2 6 9 6. 18 7h 2 12
Lesson 7-7
3 5
7.
d27 8.
w71
3 4
9. 6
q49 10.
y940
3
11.
2m
6 16 0 12.
4m
1 22
13. 12
8n 5 14.
1 4t 8 6
1
15.
2t 5 3 3 16. (7v 2) 4 12 7
1 1
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
17. (3g 1) 2 6 4 18. (6u 5) 3 2 3
19.
2d 5 d1 20.
4r 6 r
21.
6x 4
2x 10 22.
2x 5
2x 1
23. 3a
12 24.
z 5 4 13
25. 8 2q
5 26.
2a 3 5
3
27. 9
c46 28.
x1 2
29. STATISTICS Statisticians use the formula v to calculate a standard deviation ,
where v is the variance of a data set. Find the variance when the standard deviation
is 15.
30. GRAVITATION Helena drops a ball from 25 feet above a lake. The formula
1
t describes the time t in seconds that the ball is h feet above the water.
25 h
4
How many feet above the water will the ball be after 1 second?
Chapter 7 53 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:16 PM Page 54
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-7 Word Problem Practice
Rational Equations and Inequalities
1. SIGNS A sign painter must spend 4. TETHERS A tether is being attached
2
to a 25-foot pole in such a way that
$8n 3 400 to make n signs. How many
x y 50. By the Pythagorean
signs can the painter make for $1200?
Theorem, the distance y x5 2 2.
2
What must x be?
2. LATERAL AREA The lateral area of a
cone with base radius r and height h is
given by the formula L rr 2 h2
.
A cone has a lateral area of 65 square
units and a base radius of 5 units. 25 ft
y
RANGE For Exercises 5 and 6, use the
What is the height of the cone? following information.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
An asteroid is passing near Earth. If Earth
is located at the origin of a coordinate
plane, the path that the asteroid will trace
3. ORIGAMI Georgia wants to fold a 17
square piece of paper into an equilateral out is given by y , x 0. One unit
x
triangle. She wants to locate the corresponds to one million miles. Carl learns
distance x up the side of the square that he will be able to see the asteroid with
where she can make the fold indicated his telescope when the asteroid is within
by the dashed line in the figure so that 145
million miles of Earth.
a b. From geometry class, she knows 12
that a 1 x2 and b 2 (1 x).
5. Write an expression that gives the
So the equation she must solve is
distance of the asteroid from Earth as a
1 x2 2 (1 x). What is x? function of x.
b
1111
45˚
6. For what values of x will the asteroid be
a
in range of Carl’s telescope?
x
Chapter 7 54 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:16 PM Page 55
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-7 Enrichment
Truth Tables
In mathematics, the basic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, finding a root, and raising to a power. In logic, the basic operations
are the following: not ( ), and ( ), or ( ), and implies (→).
If p and q are statements, then p means not p; q means not q; p q
means p and q; p q means p or q; and p → q means p implies q. The
operations are defined by truth tables. On the left below is the truth table for
the statement p. Notice that there are two possible conditions for p, true (T)
Lesson 7-7
or false (F). If p is true, p is false; if p is false, p is true. Also shown are the
truth tables for p q, p q, and p → q.
p p p q p q p q p q p q p→q
T F T T T T T T T T T
F T T F F T F T T F F
F T F F T T F T T
F F F F F F F F T
You can use this information to find out under what conditions a complex
statement is true.
Example Under what conditions is p q true?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Create the truth table for the statement. Use the information from the truth
table above for p q to complete the last column.
p q p p q
T T F T
T F F F
F T T T
F F T T
The truth table indicates that p q is true in all cases except where p is true
and q is false.
Use truth tables to determine the conditions under which each statement is true.
1. p q 2. p → (p → q)
3. (p q) ( p q) 4. (p → q) (q → p)
5. (p → q) (q → p) 6. ( p q) → (p q)
Chapter 7 55 Glencoe Algebra 2
005-056 A2-07-873977 5/17/06 3:16 PM Page 56
07-57-SRS-873977 5/18/06 7:03 AM Page 57
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7 Student Recording Sheet
Use this recording sheet with pages 436–437 of the Student Edition.
Read each question. Then fill in the correct answer.
1. A B C D 5. F G H J
2. Record your answer and fill in the 6. A B C D
bubbles in the grid below. Be sure to
use the correct place value.
. Pre-AP
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Record your answers for Question 7 on
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 the back of this paper.
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9
3. F G H J
4. A B C D
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Assessment
Chapter 7 57 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/23/06 2:18 PM Page 58
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7 Rubric for Scoring Pre-AP
(Use to score the Pre-AP question on page 437 of the Student Edition.)
General Scoring Guidelines
• If a student gives only a correct numerical answer to a problem but does not show how
he or she arrived at the answer, the student will be awarded only 1 credit. All extended
response questions require the student to show work.
• A fully correct answer for a multiple-part question requires correct responses for all
parts of the question. For example, if a question has three parts, the correct response to
one or two parts of the question that required work to be shown is not considered a
fully correct response.
• Students who use trial and error to solve a problem must show their method. Merely
showing that the answer checks or is correct is not considered a complete response for
full credit.
Exercise 7 Rubric
Score Specific Criteria
4 The period of the pendulum is found to 9.79 seconds by substituting the
L L
32 . The formula T 2 32 is correctly
information into the formula T 2
T 2
solved for L in terms of T, L 32
2 . The length of the pendulum is
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
correctly determined to be 3.2 feet for a period of 2 seconds.
3 A generally correct solution, but may contain minor flaws in reasoning or
computation.
2 A partially correct interpretation and/or solution to the problem.
1 A correct solution with no evidence or explanation.
0 An incorrect solution indicating no mathematical understanding of the
concept or task, or no solution given.
Chapter 7 58 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 1:16 PM Page 59
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Quiz 1 SCORE
(Lessons 7–1 and 7–2)
x 2 x 6;
x 2 5x 2;
2x 3 2x 2 8x 8;
x 2 3x 2
1. Find (f g)(x), (f g)(x), (f g)(x), and f (x) for 1.
4 ; x 2
2x
g
f(x) x2 3x 2 and g(x) 2x 4.
{(2, 4), (3, 8), (4, 3), (8, 4)};
2. For f(x) {(2, 3), (4, 4), (5, 8)} and g(x) {(2, 4), (3, 5), (4, 2), 2. {(2, 5), (4, 2), (5, 4)}
(8, 4)}, find f g and g f if they exist.
x 2 6x 7;
3. Find [g h](x) and [h g](x) for g(x) x2 2x 1 and 3. x 2 2x 5
h(x) x 4.
4. If f(x) 3x 2 and g(x) x2 1, find f[g(3)] and g[f(3)]. 4. 28; 122
{(5, 2), (4, 0),
5. Find the inverse of the relation {(2, 5), (0, 4), (1, 8), (4, 7)}. 5. (8, 1), (7, 4)}
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Quiz 2 SCORE
(Lessons 7–3 and 7–4)
1. Graph y 3x .
9 Then state the domain and range of 1. D: x 3; R: y 0
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
the function. y
O x
5
2. D: x 2 ; R: y 0
2. Graph y 2x 5 Then state the domain and range of
.
Assessment
the function. f (x )
O x
3
3. Simplify 27w
9. y6 3. 3w 3y 2
4. Use a calculator to approximate
3
56 to three decimal places. 4. 3.826
x 3
5. Simplify x6
.
25 5. 5
Chapter 7 59 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 60
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Quiz 3 SCORE
(Lessons 7–5 and 7–6)
For Questions 1–6, simplify.
10x
1.
5
2x
1. 2x
2. 18m
5n6 2. 3m 2 n 3 2m
18
3. 412 108
772
3. 39
14 3 2
7
4. (5 )2 4. 12 2
35
)(3 25
5. (7 5 ) 5. 11 115
7 3
6
2 6 5
6. 6.
4 6
5 8 8
7. Write the expression x 8 in radical form. 7. x 5 or (x
)5
3
8. Write the radical
5
32z3 using rational exponents. 8. 2z 5
1
3
6
4
9. Evaluate 16 2. 9
2 4
6t 3 t 3 D
10. If t is positive, then 1
? 10.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
t3
7 1 5
A. 6t 3 B. 6t 3 C. 6t6 D. 6t 3
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Quiz 4 SCORE
(Lesson 7–7)
Solve each equation
1. 5y 3 7y
9 1. no solution
3 1
2.
2v 7 2 2. 2
1 1
3
3. 4(5n 1)3 1 0 3. 64
For Questions 4 and 5, solve each inequality.
4. 2x
514 4. x2
5. Solve 5x2 100 0. 5. no solution
Chapter 7 60 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 12:48 PM Page 61
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Mid-Chapter Test SCORE
(Lessons 7–1 through 7–4)
Part I Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each question.
1. Given f(x) x2 3x 5 and g(x) 2x 1, find (f g)(x).
A. x2 x 6 B. x2 5x 4 C. 2x2 4x 5 D. x2 5x 4 1. D
f
2. Given f(x) x2 3x 4 and g(x) x 1, and x 1, find g (x).
F. x 4 G. x 7 H. x ( J. x 3 2. F
3. If f(x) {(2, 3), (4, 8), (7, 1)} and g(x) {(8, 2), (1, 4), (2, 7)},
find (f g)(x), if it exists.
A. {(1, 3), (8, 8), (2, 1)} C. {(2, 3), (1, 8), (8, 1)}
B. {(8, 3), (1, 8), (2, 1)} D. does not exist 3. B
4. Identify the x-intercept of the graph of y 2x
. 1
1 1 H
F. 2 G. 0 H. 2 J. 2 4.
5. Identify the domain of the graph of y 3x
. 9
1 1 A
A. x 3 B. x 3 C. x 3 D. x 3 5.
3
6. 216x9
F. 6x6 G. 6 x3 H. 6x3 J. 6x3 6. J
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
7. 4x
2y2z4
A. 2xyz 2 B. 2 xy z2 C. 2xyz2 D. 2x2y2z4 7. B
Part II 3x 2 4x 9;
8. 12x 27x
3 2
8. Find (f g)(x) and (f g)(x) for f(x) 4x 9 and g(x) 3x2.
x 8
9. Find the inverse of the function p(x) 4x 8. 9. p1(x) 4
10. Use a calculator to approximate 287
4
to three decimal 10. 4.116
places.
Assessment
x 2
11. Find the inverse of the function f(x) 4x 2. 11. f 1(x) 4
Then graph the function and its inverse. f (x )
f -2 (x)
O x
f(x)
12. Determine whether g(x) 3x 6 and f(x) 1x 2 are
3
inverse functions. 12. yes
Chapter 7 61 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 62
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Vocabulary Test SCORE
conjugates inverse function one-to-one rationalizing the
composition of functions inverse relation principal root denominator
extraneous solution like radical expressions radical equation square root function
identity function nth root radical inequality square root inequality
Underline or circle the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.
1. If a function has an inverse that is also a function, then it must be a
(one-to-one, square root) function.
2. y 3x
5 is a(n) (square root, inverse) function.
3. The process of forming a new function from two given functions by performing
the two functions in succession is called (rationalizing the denominator,
composition of functions).
4. If you square both sides of a radical equation and obtain a solution
that does not satisfy the original equation, you have found a(n)
(nth root, extraneous solution).
5. 3x
5 0 and 2x
1 0 are (radical equations, radical inequalities).
6. The expressions 7 5
and 7 5
are (like radical expressions, conjugates).
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
7. When no index is given as in 25
, the radical sign indicates the
(principal root, nth root).
8. Equations with radicals that have variables in the radicand are called (like
radical expressions, radical equations).
9. A(n) (conjugate, inverse function) can be found by exchanging the domain and
range of a function.
10. One of the steps that may be necessary to simplify a radical expression
is (composition of functions, rationalizing the denominator).
Define each term in your own words.
11. like radical expressions Sample answer: Two radical expressions are called
like radical expressions if both the indices and the radicands are alike.
12. inverse relation Sample answer: The inverse relation is the set of
ordered pairs obtained by reversing the coordinates of each
ordered pair in a relation.
Chapter 7 62 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 63
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Test, Form 1 SCORE
Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each question.
For Questions 1 and 2, use f(x) x 5 and g(x) 2x.
1. Find (f g)(x).
A. 3x 5 B. x 5 C. 2x 10 D. 2x2 5 1. A
2. Find (f g)(x).
F. 2x2 5 G. 3x2 10x H. 2x2 10x J. 2x 10 2. H
3. If f(x) 3x 7 and g(x) 2x 5, find g[f(3)].
A. 26 B. 9 C. 1 D. 10 3. B
4. If f(x) x2 and g(x) 3x 1 find [ g f](x).
F. x2 3x 1 H. 9x2 1
G. 9x2 6x 1 J. 3x2 1 4. J
5. Find the inverse of g(x) 3x.
A. g1(x) x 1 C. g1(x) x 1
B. g1(x) 3x 3 D. g1(x) 1x 5. D
3
6. Determine which pair of functions are inverse functions.
F. f(x) x 4 H. f(x) x 4
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
g(x) x 4 g(x) 4x 1
G. f(x) x 4 J. f(x) 4x 1 6. F
x4
g(x) g(x) 4x 1
4
y
7. State the domain and range of
the function graphed.
A. D: x 2, R: y 0 O x
B. D: x 2, R: y 0
Assessment
C. D: x 2, R: y 0
D. D: x 2, R: y 0 y 7. D
8. Which inequality is graphed?
F. y
4x 8
G. y 4x
8
O x
H. y 4x 8
J. y 4x 8 8. F
9. Simplify 121
.
A. 11 B. 11 C. 11 D. 11
9. A
Chapter 7 63 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 64
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Test, Form 1 (continued)
10. Use a calculator to approximate 224
to three decimal places.
F. 15.0 G. 14.97 H. 14.966 J. 14.967 10. J
11. Simplify (2 5
)(3 5).
A. 1 5 B. 1 5 C. 1 5
D. 1 5
11. A
12
12. Simplify 75 .
F. 21 G. 87
H. 103
J. 73 12. J
1
13. Write the expression 5 7 in radical form.
7
A. 51
B. 35
7
C. 5 D. 7
5
13. C
2 1
14. Simplify the expression m 5 m 5 .
5 3 2 2
F. m 3 G. m 5 H. m 25 J. m 5 14. G
15. Solve 3x 4 5.
25 B
A. 7 B. 7 C. 21 D. 15.
3
16. Solve 2 5x 1 5.
F. x 5 G. x 2 J. x 2 J
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
H. x 2 16.
x
17. Gilda used the formula f(x)
144 to convert square inches to square feet.
Find the inverse of f 1(x).
144 B
A. f 1(x) 12x B. f 1(x) 144x C. f 1(x) x D. f 1(x) (12x2) 17.
18. About how many feet of fencing are needed to enclose a
rectangular garden with a 20-foot side and a 25-foot diagonal?
F. 70 ft G. 80 ft H. 85 ft J. 90 ft 18. F
1
5
19. If x is a positive number, then x x5 ?
1 1 C
A. x5 B. x
5 C. 1 D. 5 19.
20. If 28 y 25, then y ?
1
F. 23 G. 23 H. 2 3 J. 23 20. J
Bonus If g(x) 2x 1, find g[g(x)]. B: 4x 3
Chapter 7 64 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 65
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Test, Form 2A SCORE
Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each question.
1. Find ( f g)(x) for f(x) 3x2 and g(x) 5 x.
A. 3x2 x 5 C. 3x2 15x2
B. 75 30x 3x2 D. 15x2 3x3 1. D
2. If f(x) x2 1, and g(x) x 2, find [f g](x).
F. x2 4x 5 H. x2 1
G. x2 3 J. x3 2x2 x 2 2. F
3. State the domain and range of y
the function graphed at the right. 4
A. D: x 3, R: y 0
2
B. D: x 3, R: y 0
C. D: x 3, R: y 0 2 O 2 x
D. D: x 3, R: y 0 3. C
4. Find the inverse of f(x) 2x 7.
F. f 1(x) 7x 2 H. f 1(x) 1x 7
2
x7
G. f 1(x) J. f 1(x) x 7 4. G
2 2
5. Determine which pair of functions are inverse functions.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A. f(x) 3x 1 B. f(x) 2x 5 C. f(x) 2x 2 D. f(x) 3x 8 5. B
x5
g(x) 1 g(x) g(x) 2x 2 g(x) 1x 8
3x 1 2 3
6. Which inequality is graphed at the right? y
F. y x 4 H. y x 4 8
G. y x 4 J. y x
4 6. H
8 4 O 4 x
4
Assessment
7. Simplify 64n .
6w4
A. 8 n3 w2 B. 8n3w2 C. 8n3w2 D. 32 n3 w2 7. A
3
to three decimal places.
8. Use a calculator to approximate 257
F. 6.357 G. 4.004 H. 16.031 J. 6.358 8. J
9. Simplify
3
625x5.
3
A. 25x B. 25x2 C. 5x
5x2
3
D. 5x5x
3
9. C
10. Simplify 5
20
27 147
.
F. 536 43
G. 35 103
H. 35 33
J. 25 10. G
Chapter 7 65 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 66
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7 Chapter 7 Test, Form 2A (continued)
11. Simplify 6.
4 2
12 62
4 2
4 2
12 32
D
A. B. C. D. 11.
7 2 3 7
12. Write the radical
6
y4 using rational exponents.
1 3 2
F. y 6 G. y 2 H. y 3 J. y24 12. H
2
m3 .
13. Simplify the expression 1
m5
7
1 15
3
A. m 15 B. m 2 C. m 7 D. m 8 13. A
1
14. A correct step in the solution of the equation (2m 2 1 is _____. 1) 4
F. (2m 1) 16 1 H. 2m 1 81
1 1
G. (2m 1) 4 1 J. 2m 1 34 14. H
15. Solve 2x
4 1 5.
A. x 0 B. x 2 C. 2 x 6 D. x 6 15. D
16. When inflation causes the price of an item to increase, the new cost C and
the original cost c are related by the formula C c(1 r)n, where r is
the rate of inflation per year as a decimal and n is the number of years.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
What would be the price of a $2,000 item after six months of 5% inflation?
F. $2449.49 G. $2680.19 H. $22,781.25 J. $2049.39 16. J
17. The velocity V of an object can be defined as v
2K
, where m is the
m
mass of an object and K is the kinetic energy. Find the velocity of an
object with a mass of 11 grams and a kinetic energy of 550.
A. 100 m/s B. 50 m/s C. 15 m/s D. 10 m/s 17. D
1
18. Find the area of a circle whose radius is 2x 5 z2 feet? Use 3.14 for .
2 1 2 2
F. 12.56x z4 ft2 25 G. 6.28x z4 ft2 25
H. 6.28x 5z4 ft2 J. 12.56x 5z4 ft2 18. J
3
5
19. If x is a positive number, then
x3 x5 ?
1 1 A
A. 1 B. 3 x C. x1 D.
5 19.
20. When an object is dropped from the top of a 50-foot tall building,
the object will be h feet above the ground after t seconds, where
50
h t. How far above the ground will the object be after 3 seconds?
F. 47 ft G. 41 ft ft
H. 41 J. 22 ft 20. G
Bonus If f(x) 3x 4, solve
f [f(x)] f(x) for x. B: 2
Chapter 7 66 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 67
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Test, Form 2B SCORE
Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each question.
1. Find (f g)(x) for f(x) x2 8x and g(x) 3x 5.
A. x2 5x 5 B. x2 5x 5 C. x2 5x 5 D. x2 11x 5 1. C
2. If f(x) x2 3, and g(x) 2x 1, find [g f ](x).
F. 2x3 x2 6x 3 H. 4x2 4x 2
G. x2 2x 4 J. 2x2 7 2. J
3. State the domain and range of the
function graphed at the right. y
A. D: x 4, R: y 0
B. D: x 4, R: y 0
C. D: x 4, R: y 0 O x
D. D: x 4, R: y 0 3. B
4. Find the inverse of f(x) 3 5x.
x3
F. f 1(x) 5 3x H. f 1(x)
5
3 5x
G. f 1(x) J. f 1(x) 3 1x 4. H
5 5
5. Determine which pair of functions are not inverse functions.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A. g(x) 2x 9 B. g(x) x 1 C. g(x) 3x 6 D. g(x) 3x 4 5. A
x4
h(x) 1x 9 h(x) x 1 h(x) 1x 2 h(x)
2 3 3
6. Which inequality is graphed at the y
right?
F. y x 3 H. y x 3
G. y x 3 J. y x
3 6. J
O x
7. Simplify 25p .
4q2
Assessment
A. 5 p q
2 B. 5p2q C. 5p2q D. 5p2 q 7. D
4
8. Use a calculator to approximate 160
to three decimal places.
F. 3.556 G. 12.649 H. 3.557 J. 5.429 8. H
9. Simplify
3
256t4.
3
A. 4t4t B. 16tt
3
C.
3
4t4t
D. 4t4t 9. A
10. Simplify 32
18
54
150
.
26
F. 72 86
G. 72 36
H. 32 J. 2
86
10. J
Chapter 7 67 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 68
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Test, Form 2B (continued)
11. Simplify 5.
2 3
A. 10 53
B. 10 53
C. 10 53
D. 10 53
11. A
12. Write the radical
5
m3 using rational exponents.
5 3
F. m2 G. m 3 H. m 5 J. m15 12. H
3
t4 .
13. Simplify the expression 1
t5
11 19 3
A. t2 B. t 20 C. t 20 D. t 20 13. B
1
14. A correct step in the solution of the equation (5z 1) 3 3 1 is _____.
1
F. 5z 1 4 3 H. (5z 1) 27 1
G. (5z 1) 9 3 J. 5z 1 64 14. J
15. Solve 3x
6 1 5.
A. x 0 B. 2 x 10 C. x 10 D. x 2 15. C
16. When inflation causes the price of an item to increase, the new cost C and
the original cost c are related by the formula C c(1 r)n, where r is
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
the rate of inflation per year as a decimal and n is the number of years.
What would be the price of a $3,000 item after six months of 6% inflation?
F. $4255.56 G. $3794.73 H. $3088.69 J. $50,331.65 16. H
17. The velocity V of an object can be defined as v
2K
, where m is the
m
mass of an object and K is the kinetic energy. Find the velocity of an
object with a mass of 20 grams and a kinetic energy of 360.
A. 6 m/s B. 4.24 m/s C. 0.34 m/s D. 36 m/s 17. A
3
18. Find the area of a circle whose radius is 3x 4 z5 inches? Use 3.14 for .
3 9 3 9
F. 28.26x 2 z10 in.2 G. 28.26x 4 z10 in.2 H. 9.42x 2 z10 in.2 J. 28.26x 4 z25 in.2 18. F
5
2 2
19. If x is a positive number, then
x5 x ?
2 1 C
A. 1 B. 5x C. x5 D.
5 19.
20. When an object is dropped from the top of a 50-foot tall building,
the object will be h feet above the ground after t seconds, where
50
h t. How far above the ground will the object be after 7 seconds?
F. 43 ft G. 6.56 ft ft
H. 43 J. 1 ft 20. J
Bonus If g(x) 4x 9, solve g[g(x)] g(x) for x. B: 3
Chapter 7 68 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 69
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Test, Form 2C SCORE
1. Find ( f g)(x) for f(x) x2 4 and g(x) 7 x. 1. x 3 7x 2 4x 28
2. If f(x) x 5 and g(x) x2 3, find f [g(2)]. 2. 2
3. If f(x) 2x 5 and g(x) x2 3, find [f g](x). 3. 2x 2 1
1 (x) x 2 1
4. Find the inverse of f(x) 5x 10. 4. f 5
x3 yes
5. Determine whether f(x) 5x 3 and g(x) are 5.
5
inverse functions.
D: x 4
6. Graph y 2x . 8 Then state the domain and range 6. R: y 0
of the function. y
O x
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
7. Graph y x.
2 7. y
O x
Assessment
For Questions 8–11, simplify.
2
7
4
8. 8.
49
9. 49x
6y4 9. 7 x 3 y 2
3
10.
3
24a6b5 10. 2a2b
3b2
75
11. 572 288
11. 5
18 2 3
Chapter 7 69 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 70
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Test, Form 2C (continued)
12. TREES The diameter of a tree d (in inches) is related to its 12. 47.693 in.
576(BA)
basal area BA (in square feet) by the formula d .
If the basal area of a tree is 12.4 square feet, what is the
diameter of the tree? Use a calculator to approximate
your answer to three decimal places.
3
13. Write the radical
5
32m3 using rational exponents. 13. 2m 5
1
6
14. Simplify the expression 1
x
1 . 14. x 6 or x
x2 x3
15. Solve
3
3m
1 4. 15. 21
0
16. Solve 4 5y 1 1. 16. y7
17. The velocity of v in feet per second of a roller coaster at the
bottom of a hill is related to the vertical drop h in feet and
the velocity v0 in feet per second of the coaster at the top
of the hill by the formula v0 v 4h
2 6. What velocity
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
must a coaster have at the top of a 150-foot hill to achieve
a velocity of 100 feet per second? 17. 20 ft/s
6
3
18. What is 34
divided by 51
? 18.
1 3 1 3
3
19. A triangle has a base of 6r2s4 units and a height of 8r2s 4 units.
Find the area of the triangle. 19. 24rs 2 units2
20. The radius r of a sphere with volume V is given
1
3V 3
by r
4 . Find the radius of a ball that holds
66 cubic centimeters of air. 20. 2.5 cm
Bonus If g(x) 5x 8, solve g[ g(x)] g(x) for x. B: 2
Chapter 7 70 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 71
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Test, Form 2D SCORE
1. Find (f g)(x) for f(x) x2 4 and g(x) 6 x. 1. x 3 6x 2 4x 24
2. If f(x) 2x 7 and g(x) x2 5, find g[f(5)]. 2. 4
3. If f(x) 3 x and g(x) x2 4, find [ g f ](x). 3. x 2 6x 5
1
g1 (x) 2x 2
4. Find the inverse of g(x) 2x 4. 4.
5. Determine whether f(x) 4x 8 and g(x) 1x 2 are 5. yes
4
inverse functions.
D: x 2
6. Graph y 3x .
6 Then state the domain and range of 6. R: y 0
the function. y
O x
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
7. Graph y 2x
. 2 7. y
O x
Assessment
For Questions 8–11, simplify.
3
9 5
8. 8.
25
9.
4
16x4y8 9. 2 x y 2
3
10.
3
64a6
b7 10. 4a 2b 2b
45
11. 250 18
11. 3
72 5
Chapter 7 71 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 72
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Test, Form 2D (continued)
12. TREES The diameter of a tree d (in inches) is related to its 12. 40.406 in.
576(BA)
basal area BA (in square feet) by the formula d .
If the basal area of a tree is 8.9 square feet, what is the
diameter of the tree? Use a calculator to approximate your
answer to three decimal places.
2
13. Write the radical using rational exponents.
3
125x2 13. 5x 3
8 1
10
14. Simplify the expression x5 . 14. x 10 or x
1
x x2
15. Solve
4
10s
1 3. 15. 8
16. Solve 2 3t
6 5. 16. t1
17. The velocity v in feet per second of a roller coaster at the
bottom of a hill is related to the vertical drop h in feet and
the velocity v0 in feet per second of the coaster at the top
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
of the hill by the formula v0 v 4h
2 6. What velocity
must a coaster have at the top of a 50-foot hill to achieve
a velocity of 57 feet per second? 17. 7 ft/s
15
18. What is 57
divided by 95
? 18. 5
2 1 1 3
19. A triangle has a base of 4r3s5 units and a height of 5r3s 5 units. 4
Find the area of the triangle. 19. 10rs 5units2
20. The radius r of a sphere with volume V is given
1
3V 3
by r
4 . Find the radius of a ball that holds
150 cubic centimeters of air. 20. 3.30 cm
Bonus If g(x) 3x 8, solve g[ g(x)] g(x) for x. B: 4
Chapter 7 72 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 73
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Test, Form 3 SCORE
1. Find (f g)(x) for f(x) x2 4 and g(x) x. 1. x 2 2x
x2
2. If g(x) 3x and h(x) x3 x2 x 1, find [h g](x). 2. 27x 3 9x 2 3x 1
3. If f(x) 5x, g(x) 2x 1, and h(x) x2 1, find 3. 960
[h ( g f )](3).
5x 6
2x 6 h1(x) 2
4. Find the inverse of h(x) . 4.
5
5. Determine whether f(x) 1x 7 and g(x) 2x
14
5. yes
2 3 3
are inverse functions.
D: x 4
6. Graph y x 4 2. Then state the domain and 6. R: y 2
range of the function. y
O x
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
7. Graph y x
3 3. 7. y
x
O
Assessment
For Questions 8–11, simplify.
8. 4x 2
20x
25 8. 2x 5
3
69. y
27x63 9. 3x 2y
3
10.
3
x5y7 10. xy 2
x 2y
60
11. 215 345
11. 95
415
Chapter 7 73 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 74
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Test, Form 3 (continued)
12. GEOMETRY The volume V of a sphere and the length of 12. 5.760 m
3V 3
its radius r are the related by the formula r . Use the
4
formula to find radius of a sphere with volume 800 cubic
meters. Approximate your answer to three decimal places.
9
13. Write the expression
4
16x9y4 using rational exponents. 13. 2x 4y
1
32 1
14. Simplify the expression 1 . 14.
5 33
2 32
15. Solve x
11 10 14. 15. 565
16. Solve x
2 5 2x
. 5 16. 2 x 2
x9
17. Simplify 3
x
x 3 . 17.
18. The formula for finding the area of an isosceles triangle
for which two sides have length a; the other side has 457
c units2
length c is A
4 4a
2 .
c2 Find A when a 8 and c 9. 18. 4
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
19. The formula d (x x2 1)
2 (y2 y1)2 can be used
to find the distance between two points on a coordinate
grid. Find the distance from A to B for A(8, 5) and B(2, 4),
to the nearest whole unit. 19. 10 units
20. The force due to gravity decreases with the square of the
distance from the center of the Earth. As an object moves
farther from Earth, its weight decreases. The radius
of Earth is approximately 3960 miles. The formula relating
weight and distance is r 39602 WE 3960, where W
E
WS
represents the weight of a body on Earth, WS represents
its weight a certain distance from the center of Earth,
and r represents the distance above Earth’s surface. An
astronaut weighs 155 pounds on Earth. To the nearest
pound, what is his weight in space if he is 100 miles
above the surface of the Earth? 20. 147 pounds
Bonus Simplify (5 23
)(2 43
)(4 23
)(3 23
). B: 283
96
Chapter 7 74 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 75
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Chapter 7 Extended-Response Test SCORE
Demonstrate your knowledge by giving a clear, concise solution
to each problem. Be sure to include all relevant drawings and
justify your answers. You may show your solution in more than
one way or investigate beyond the requirements of the problem.
1. Jorge works for the A-Glide Sled Company. This company
estimates its monthly profit for the sale of x sleds, in
hundreds of dollars, is given by the expression 3x 9 1.
Tia works for a competing sled manufacturer, SnowFun.
Tia’s company estimates that its monthly profit for the sale
of x sleds, in hundreds of dollars, is given by the expression
3 2x. Mark has been offered a job at both companies
and decides he will work for the company that has the
greatest monthly profit. Before he makes his decision,
however, he asks Jorge and Tia the average number of sleds
sold each month by each of their companies.
a. Why is the number of sleds sold important to Mark?
b. Assume both companies make the same number of sleds
in a certain month. Determine the number of sleds that
would make Mark want to work for SnowFun, and give
the profit, to the nearest dollar, earned by each company
during that month.
c. After talking to Jorge and Tia, Mark decided to work for
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A-Glide. Assume that both companies average the same
number of sleds sold per month. Write and solve an
inequality to determine the possible responses Mark
might have heard from Jorge and Tia. What does this
tell you about the number of sleds sold each month?
2. a. Write a first-degree function g(x) and a second-degree
function h(x).
Find g(2x 3), h(3a), ( g h)(x), ( g h)(x), ( g h)(x),
g
h
(x), (h g)(x), g[h(x)], [h ( g g)](2), and g1(x).
Assessment
b. Explain, then show, how to prove that g(x) and g1(x)
are, in fact, inverse functions. Then explain the
relationship between the graphs of these two functions.
3. a. Replace a and b in the square root function y ax
, b
with positive integers.
b. Graph your square root function.
c. State the domain, range, and x- and y-intercepts.
d. Rewrite your square root function as a square root
inequality.
e. How does the graph of your inequality differ from the
graph of your square root function?
Chapter 7 75 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 7:12 AM Page 76
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Standardized Test Practice
(Chapters 1–7)
Part 1: Multiple Choice
Instructions: Fill in the appropriate circle for the best answer.
2
2
1. If r2 1 2r, then r 1 ? .
A 1 C 1
4
B 1 D cannot be determined 1. A B C D
4
2. How many fourths is 262%?
3
F 1 G 4 16
H J 4 2. F G H J
4 15 15
3. Find p in terms of m if m q, q p, p 0, and m 0.
p
A m
B mq
C m D p
3. A B C D
4. Find the average of a, a, and a.
3 6 9
11a 11a
F G H a 11a
J 4. F G H J
54 18 54 6
5. What is the ones digit in 350?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A 1 B 3 C 7 D 9 5. A B C D
6. What is the value of a2 b2 if a b 6 and a b 3?
F 18 G 3 H 9 J 18 6. F G H J
7. If n is an irrational number, which of the following must be
irrational?
2
n
A.
n2
B. 2n C. D. 2n
7. A B C D
8. Evaluate 4m3 3m2 2m 2 if m 1.
F 1 G 11 H 1 J 7 8. F G H J
9. If the slope of the line through A(7, 4) and B(5, y) is 1, what is
4
the value of y?
A 1 B 7 C 9 D 1 9. A B C D
2
10. Find the area of square ABCD. B C
F 5 units2 H 25 units2
3 30x 25
25
G 625 units2 J units2 10. F G H J
9
A 9x 2 D
Chapter 7 76 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 12:54 PM Page 77
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Standardized Test Practice (continued)
11. Of the 24 socks in a drawer, there are three times as many
black socks as brown socks. Some of the black socks are
plain and some are patterned. There are five times as many
plain socks as there are patterned socks. What is the probability
that, without looking, you select a plain black sock from
the drawer?
1 5 5 3
A 4 B 8 C 6 D 4 11. A B C D
12. Let d and d* be defined for any positive integer d as follows:
d is the number obtained by dividing d by its first digit and
354
d* is the sum of the digits of d. What is the value of ?
354*
3 1 5 6
F 7 8 G 29 2 H 9 6 J 59
12. F G H J
13. Simplify 49x
.
2y4
A 7 xy2 B 24.5 x y2 C 7x y2 D x y 13. A B C D
4
14. Write the radical
25z6 using rational exponents.
2 1 3 1 2 1 3
F 2.5z 3 G 5 2 z2 H 5 2z 3 J 5 4 z2 14. F G H J
15. Solve the inequality x2 25 0.
A {x x 5 or x 5} C {x 5 x 5}
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
B {x x 5 or x 5} D 15. A B C D
2 1
16. Write the expression 2n 3 3n 3 5 in quadratic form, if possible.
1 2 1 2
2n3 3n 3 5 2n 3
1 1
F H 3 n3 5
1 1
G 2(n2) 3 3(n) 3 5 J not possible 16. F G H J
Part 2: Griddable
Assessment
Instructions: Enter your answer by writing each digit of the answer in a column box
and then shading in the appropriate circle that corresponds to that entry.
17. Point X lies between 17. 9 . 18. . 0 5
points P and Q on a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
number line. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
If XQ 15 and 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
PQ 24, then 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
PX ? . 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
18. If 1 n,
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
8 0.4 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
what is the value of n?
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Chapter 7 77 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 12:35 PM Page 78
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Standardized Test Practice (continued)
Part 3: Short Answer
Instructions: Write your answers in the space provided.
s amount invested
19. Define a variable and write an inequality. Then solve. 19. in stock: 0.07s 0.05
Marlea received an inheritance of $10,000. She plans to (10,000 s) 550;
invest some in a stock that pays 7% interest annually. She at least $2500
will deposit the remainder in a savings account that pays
5% interest annually. What is the least amount that Marlea
can invest in stock if she wants to earn at least $550 on her
investments for the year?
consistent and
20. Describe the system of equations as consistent and 20. dependent
independent, consistent and dependent, or inconsistent.
6x 2y 4
9x 3y 6
A'(4, 6), B'(7, 0),
21. Triangle ABC with vertices at A(1, 3), B(2, 3), and 21. C'(1, 2)
C(4, 1) is translated 5 units right and 3 units down.
Find the coordinates of A, B, and C.
22. Use Cramer’s Rule to solve the system of equations. 22. (3, 5)
2x y 1
3x y 4
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
23. Factor 4n2 20n 25 completely. If the polynomial is not 23. (2n 5)2
factorable, write prime. (Lesson 5-4)
24. Solve 2x
0 1 1 5. 24. x 13
x 1
25. Graph the quadratic function f(x) x2 2x 8, labeling 25. f (x )
O x
the y-intercept, vertex, and axis of symmetry. (4, 0) (2, 0)
f(x) x 2 2x 8
26. Write a quadratic equation with 3 and 2 as its roots. (1, 9)
Write the equation in the form ax2 bx c 0, where
a, b, and c are integers. 26. x2 x 6 0
27. Find p(3) if p(x) x4 8x3 5x 4. 27. 278
28. The measures of the legs of a right triangle can be
represented by the expressions 3x4 y and 2x4 y.
a. What is the area of a triangle? 28a. 3x 8y 2
b. What is the measure of the hypotenuse? 28b. x 4 y
13
28c. 5x y x y 13
4 4
c. What is the perimeter of the triangle?
Chapter 7 78 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 12:35 PM Page 79
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Unit 2 Test SCORE
(Chapters 5–7)
For Questions 1–7, simplify. Assume that no denominator 8x 2 5x 6
equals 0. 1.
1. (7x2 3x 9) (x2 8x 3) 2. 245x 5
2. 5x3(7x)2 3. (2x 3)2 3. 4x 2 12x 9
4y 2 6y 9
8y3 27
4. 5. 16x
2y4 4. x 5
2xy 10y 3x 15
5. 4 x y 2
6. 12
18
350
75
6. 12
73 2
1 7
2i
7. 7. 1
0
1
0i
1 3i
3
8. Use synthetic division to find (2x3 5x2 7x 1) (x 1). 8.
2x 2 3x 4
x1
7 9
9. Write the expression m 9 in radical form. 9. m
7
10. Solve 3x
6 4 7. 10. 2 x 1
11. Graph f(x) x2 4x 3, labeling the y-intercept, vertex, 11. f (x ) x2
and axis of symmetry.
f(x) x 2 4x 3
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
(2, 1)
O x
(0, 3)
12. The shape of a supporting arch can be modeled by
h(x) 0.03x2 3x, where h(x) represents the height of the 12. 75 m
arch and x represents the horizontal distance from one end
of the base of the arch in meters. Find the maximum height
of the arch.
between 1
Assessment
13. Solve 2x2 3x 2 by graphing. If exact roots cannot be 13. and 0; 2
found, state the consecutive integers between which the
roots are located.
14. Solve x2 2x 24 by factoring. 14. {4, 6}
15. 4x 13x 12 0
3 2
15. Write a quadratic equation with and 4 as its roots.
4
Write the equation in the form ax2 bx c 0, where
a, b, and c are integers.
1 i 95
16. Find the exact solutions to 6x2 x 4 0 by using the 16. 12
Quadratic Formula.
17. Find the value of the discriminant for 9x2 1 6x. Then 17. 0; 1 real root
describe the number and type of roots for the equation.
Chapter 7 79 Glencoe Algebra 2
058-080 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 12:37 PM Page 80
NAME DATE PERIOD
7 Unit 2 Test (continued)
(Chapters 5–7)
18. Identify the vertex, axis of symmetry, and direction of opening 18. (3, 5); x 3; up
for y 2(x 3)2 5.
19. y 4(x 1) 3
2
19. Write y 4x2 8x 1 in vertex form.
y
20. Graph y x2 2x 1. 20.
O x
21. Find p(3) if p(x) x5 3x2. 21. 216
f (x )
22. Graph f(x) (x)4 4x2 2x by making a table of values. 22.
Then estimate the x-coordinates at which the relative
maxima and relative minima occur.
O x
Sample answer:
rel. max at x 2 and
x 1, rel. min. at x 0
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
23. Solve x4 200 102x2. 23. 10, 10;
2,
2
24. Use synthetic substitution to find f(3) for 24. 86
f(x) 2x3 6x2 5x 7.
25. One factor of f(x) x3 x2 22x 40 is x 4. Find the 25. x 2; x 5
other factors.
26. State the number of positive real zeros, negative real zeros, 26. 3 or 1; 0; 2 or 0
and imaginary zeros for g(x) 9x3 7x2 10x 4.
1 5
27. 1, 3, 5, 15, 3 , 3
27. List all of the possible rational zeros of
f(x) 3x5 7x3 2x 15.
28. If f(x) 3x and g(x) 4x 3, find f [g(5)] and g[ f(5)]. 28. 51; 57
x2
f 1(x)
29. Find the inverse of f(x) 7x 2. 29. 7
y
30. Graph y 3x
2 1. 30.
O x
Chapter 7 80 Glencoe Algebra 2
A2-A26
A2-07-873977
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7 Anticipation Guide 7-1 Lesson Reading Guide
Chapter 7
Radical Equations Operations on Functions
5/22/06
STEP 1 Get Ready for the Lesson
Before you begin Chapter 7
Read the introduction to Lesson 7-1 in your textbook.
• Read each statement. Describe two ways to calculate Ms. Coffmon’s profit from the sale of
50 birdhouses. (Do not actually calculate her profit.) Sample answer:
9:41 AM
• Decide whether you Agree (A) or Disagree (D) with the statement. 1. Find the revenue by substituting 50 for x in the expression 125x.
Next, find the cost by substituting 50 for x in the expression 65x 5400.
• Write A or D in the first column OR if you are not sure whether you agree or disagree, Finally, subtract the cost from the revenue to find the profit.
write NS (Not Sure). 2. Form the profit function p(x) r(x) c(x) 125x (65x 5400)
Chapter Resources
60x 5400. Substitute 50 for x in the expression 60x 5400.
Page A1
STEP 1 Statement STEP 2
A, D, or NS A or D Read the Lesson
1. Functions can be added or subtracted in the same way as
Answers
Lesson 7-1
polynomials. A 1. Determine whether each statement is true or false. (Remember that true means
always true.)
2. A composition of functions, f [g(x)], is found by multiplying
f(x) by g(x). D
a. If f and g are polynomial functions, then f g is a polynomial function. true
3. The inverse of a function is the set of ordered pairs obtained f
by taking the opposite of each coordinate in the original D b. If f and g are polynomial functions, then
g
is a polynomial function. false
ordered pairs. c. If f and g are polynomial functions, the domain of the function f g is the set of all
4. Two functions are inverses of each other only if their real numbers. true
compositions are the identity function. A
f
A1
d. If f(x) 3x 2 and g(x) x 4, the domain of the function
g
is the set of all real
5. The domain of y (x
) 3 would be x 3. A numbers. false
6. The principal root of any nth root is always positive. D
m e. If f and g are polynomial functions, then (f g)(x) (g f)(x). false
7. The radical expression 343
m is in simplest form. D
f. If f and g are polynomial functions, then (f g)(x) (g f)(x). true
8. 4 3
and 4 3
are conjugates of each other. A
2 2
9. 53 is the same as 53
. D 2. Let f(x) 2x 5 and g(x) x2 1.
10. To solve an equation containing the square root of the
variable, square both sides of the equation. A a. Explain in words how you would find (f g)(3). (Do not actually do any calculations.)
Sample answer: Square 3 and add 1. Take the number you get,
multiply it by 2, and subtract 5.
STEP 2 After you complete Chapter 7 b. Explain in words how you would find (g f)(3). (Do not actually do any
calculations.) Sample answer: Multiply 3 by 2 and subtract 5. Take the
• Reread each statement and complete the last column by entering an A or a D. number you get, square it, and add 1.
(Anticipation Guide and Lesson 7-1)
• Did any of your opinions about the statements change from the first column? Remember What You Learned
• For those statements that you mark with a D, use a piece of paper to write an example of 3. Some students have trouble remembering the correct order in which to apply the two
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
why you disagree. original functions when evaluating a composite function. Write three sentences, each of
which explains how to do this in a slightly different way. (Hint: Use the word closest in
the first sentence, the words inside and outside in the second, and the words left and
right in the third.) Sample answer: 1. The function that is written closest to
the variable is applied first. 2. Work from the inside to the outside.
3. Work from right to left.
Chapter 7 3 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 5 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
A2-A26
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-1 Study Guide and Intervention 7-1
7-1 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
Chapter 7
A2-07-873977
Operations on Functions Operations on Functions
Arithmetic Operations Composition of Functions
Sum (f g)(x) f(x) g(x) Composition Suppose f and g are functions such that the range of g is a subset of the domain of f.
Difference (f g)(x) f(x) g(x) of Functions Then the composite function f g can be described by the equation [f g](x) f [g (x)].
Operations with Functions Product (f g)(x) f(x) g(x)
5/22/06
f(x)
Quotient , g(x) 0
g(x)
gf (x)
Example 1 For f {(1, 2), (3, 3), (2, 4), (4, 1)} and g {(1, 3), (3, 4), (2, 2), (4, 1)},
f find f g and g f if they exist.
Example Find (f g)(x), (f g)(x), (f g)(x), and (x) for f(x) x2 3x 4
g f[ g(1)] f(3) 3 f[ g(2)] f(2) 4 f[ g(3)] f(4) 1 f[ g(4)] f(1) 2
and g(x) 3x 2.
9:41 AM
f g {(1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (4, 2)}
(f g)(x) f(x) g(x) Addition of functions
g[f(1)] g(2) 2 g[f(2)] g(4) 1 g[f(3)] g(3) 4 g[f(4)] g(1) 3
(x2 3x 4) (3x 2) f(x) x 2 3x 4, g(x) 3x 2
g f {(1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 4), (4, 3)}
x2 6x 6 Simplify.
Lesson 7-1
(f g)(x) f(x) g(x) Subtraction of functions
(x2 3x 4) (3x 2) f(x) x 2 3x 4, g(x) 3x 2 Example 2 Find [g h](x) and [h g](x) for g(x) 3x 4 and h(x) x2 1.
Page A2
x2 2 Simplify. [g h](x) g[h(x)] [h g](x) h[ g(x)]
(f g)(x) f(x) g(x) Multiplication of functions g(x2 1) h(3x 4)
(x2 3x 4)(3x 2) f(x) x 2 3x 4, g(x) 3x 2 3(x2 1) 4 (3x 4)2 1
x2(3x 2) 3x(3x 2) 4(3x 2) Distributive Property 3x2 7 9x2 24x 16 1
Distributive Property
Answers
3x3 2x2 9x2 6x 12x 8 9x2 24x 15
3x3 7x2 18x 8 Simplify.
A2
f(x)
Division of functions
g(x)
gf (x) Exercises
x2 3x 4 2
f(x) x 2 3x 4 and g(x) 3x 2 For each set of ordered pairs, find f g and g f if they exist.
3x 2 , x 3
1. f {(1, 2), (5, 6), (0, 9)}, 2. f {(5, 2), (9, 8), (4, 3), (0, 4)},
Exercises g {(6, 0), (2, 1), (9, 5)} g {(3, 7), (2, 6), (4, 2), (8, 10)}
f
Find (f g)(x), (f g)(x), (f g)(x), and (x) for each f(x) and g(x). f g {(2, 2), (6, 9), (9, 6)}; f g does not exist;
(Lesson 7-1)
g
g f {(1, 1), (0, 5), (5, 0)} g f {(4, 7), (0, 2), (5, 6), (9, 10)}
1. f(x) 8x 3; g(x) 4x 5 2. f(x) x2 x 6; g(x) x 2
12x 2; 4x 8; 32x 2 28x 15; x 2 2x 8; x 2 4;
8x 3 5
, x x 3 x 2 8x 12; x 3, x 2
4x 5 4 Find [f g](x) and [g f](x).
3. f(x) 2x 7; g(x) 5x 1 4. f(x) x2 1; g(x) 4x2
3. f(x) 3x2 x 5; g(x) 2x 3 4. f(x) 2x 1; g(x) 3x2 11x 4
[f g](x) 10x 5, [f g](x) 16x 4 1,
3x 2 x 2; 3x 2
3x 8; 3x 2 13x 5; 3x 2
9x 3;
[g f ](x) 10x 36 [g f ](x) 4x 4 8x 2 4
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6x 3 11x 2 13x 15; 6x 3 19x 2 19x 4;
3x2 x 5 3 2x 1 1
, x , x , 4
2x 3 2 (3x 1)(x 4) 3
1 5. f(x) x2 2x; g(x) x 9 6. f(x) 5x 4; g(x) 3 x
5. f(x) x2 1; g(x)
x1 [f g](x) x 2 16x 63, [f g](x) 19 5x,
1 1 [g f ](x) x 2 2x 9 [g f ](x) 1 5x
x2 1 , x 1; x 2 1 ,
x1 x1
x 1; x 1, x 1; x 3 x 2 x 1, x 1
Chapter 7 6 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 7 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
A2-A26
A2-07-873977
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-1 Skills Practice 7-1
7-1 Practice
Chapter 7
Operations on Functions Operations on Functions
5/22/06
f
Find (f g)(x), (f g)(x), (f g)(x), and (x) for each f(x) and g(x). Find (f g)(x), (f g)(x), (f g)(x), and (x) for each f(x) and g(x).
g g f
1. f(x) x 5 2x 1; 9; 2. f(x) 3x 1 5x 2; x 4; 6x 2 7x 3; 1. f(x) 2x 1 2. f(x) 8x2 3. f(x) x2 7x 12
x2 x 20; 3x 1 3 1
g(x) x 4 g(x) x 3 g(x) 2 g(x) x2 9
g(x) 2x 3 , x x
9:41 AM
x5 2x 3 2
, x 4 8x 41
x4 3x 2; x 4; , x 0; 2x 2 7x 3; 7x 21;
3x3 5 3x3 5 x2
3. f(x) x2 x2
x 4; x2
x 4; 4. f(x) 3x2
, x 0; , x 0; 4
8x 1
2 x 3 x 2x 2 5x 3; , x 0; x 4 7x 3 3x 2 63x 108;
x 5 3x x2
g(x) 4 x 4x 2 x3; , x 4 g(x) 15x, x 0; , x 0 2x 1 x4
4x x 5 , x 3 8, x 0; 8x 4, x 0 , x 3
Page A3
x3 x3
For each set of ordered pairs, find f g and g f if they exist.
For each set of ordered pairs, find f g and g f if they exist.
4. f {(9, 1), (1, 0), (3, 4)} 5. f {(4, 3), (0, 2), (1, 2)}
Lesson 7-1
5. f {(0, 0), (4, 2)} 6. f {(0, 3), (1, 2), (2, 2)} g {(0, 9), (1, 3), (4, 1)} g {(2, 0), (3, 1)}
g {(0, 4), (2, 0), (5, 0)} g {(3, 1), (2, 0)}
{(0, 1), (1, 4), (4, 0)}; {(2, 2), (3, 2)};
{(0, 2), (2, 0), (5, 0)}; {(3, 2), (2, 3)}; {(9, 3), (1, 9), (3, 1)} {(4, 1), (0, 0), (1, 0)}
{(0, 4), (4, 0)} {(0, 1), (1, 0), (2, 0)}
6. f {(4, 5), (0, 3), (1, 6)} 7. f {(0, 3), (1, 3), (6, 8)}
g {(6, 1), (5, 0), (3, 4)} g {(8, 2), (3, 0), (3, 1)}
7. f {(4, 3), (1, 1), (2, 2)} 8. f {(6, 6), (3, 3), (1, 3)}
{(6, 6), (5, 3), (3, 5)}; does not exist;
Answers
g {(1, 4), (2, 1), (3, 1)} g {(3, 6), (3, 6), (6, 3)}
{(4, 0), (0, 4), (1, 1)} {(0, 0), (1, 0), (6, 2)}
A3
{(1, 3), (2, 1), (3, 1)}; {(3, 6), (3, 6), (6, 3)};
{(4, 1), (1, 4), (2, 1)} {(6, 3), (3, 6), (1, 6)} Find [g h](x) and [h g](x).
8. g(x) 3x 9. g(x) 8x 10. g(x) x 6
h(x) x 4 h(x) 2x 3 h(x) 3x2 3x 2 6;
Find [g h](x) and [h g](x). 3x 12; 3x 4 16x 24; 16x 3 3x 2 36x 108
9. g(x) 2x 2x 4; 2x 2 10. g(x) 3x 12x 3; 12x 1 11. g(x) x 3 12. g(x) 2x 13. g(x) x 2
h(x) x 2 h(x) 4x 1
(Lesson 7-1)
h(x) 2x2 h(x) x2 3x 2 h(x) 3x2 1
2x 2 3; 2x 2 6x 4; 3x 2 1;
11. g(x) x 6 x; x 12. g(x) x 3 x 2 3; x 2 6x 9 2x 2 12x 18 4x 2 6x 2 3x 2 12x 13
h(x) x 6 h(x) x2
If f(x) x2, g(x) 5x, and h(x) x 4, find each value.
13. g(x) 5x 5x 2 5x 5; 14. g(x) x 2 2x 2 1; 2x 2 8x 5 14. f[ g(1)] 25 15. g[h(2)] 10 16. h[f(4)] 20
h(x) x2 x 1 25x 2 5x 1 h(x) 2x2 3 17. f[h(9)] 25 18. h[ g(3)] 11 19. g[f(8)] 320
20. h[f(20)] 404 21. [f (h g)](1) 1 22. [f (g h)](4) 1600
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
If f(x) 3x, g(x) x 4, and h(x) x2 1, find each value. 23. BUSINESS The function f(x) 1000 0.01x2 models the manufacturing cost per item
when x items are produced, and g(x) 150 0.001x2 models the service cost per item.
15. f[ g(1)] 15 16. g[h(0)] 3 17. g[f(1)] 1
Write a function C(x) for the total manufacturing and service cost per item.
C(x) 1150 0.011x 2
18. h[f(5)] 224 19. g[h(3)] 12 20. h[f(10)] 899 n f
24. MEASUREMENT The formula f converts inches n to feet f, and m converts
12 5280
21. f[h(8)] 189 22. [f (h g)](1) 72 23. [f ( g h)](2) 21 feet to miles m. Write a composition of functions that converts inches to miles.
n
[m f ]n
63,360
Chapter 7 8 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 9 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
A2-A26
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-1 Word Problem Practice 7-1 Enrichment
Chapter 7
A2-07-873977
Operations on Functions
1. AREA Bernard wants to know the 4. ENGINEERING A group of engineers is Relative Maximum Values
area of a figure made by joining an designing a staple gun. One team
equilateral triangle and square along an determines that the speed of impact s of The graph of f (x) x3 6x 9 shows a f(x) x f (x)
2 3 the staple (in feet per second) as a relative maximum value somewhere
edge. The function f(s) s gives the O x 2 5
4 between f (2) and f (1). You can obtain –4 –2 2 4
5/22/06
area of an equilateral function of the handle length (in
inches) is given by s() 40 3. A a closer approximation by comparing –4 1.5 3.375
triangle with side s.
s second team determines that the values such as those shown in the table. 1.4 3.344
The function g(s) s2 –8
gives the area of a number of sheets N that can be stapled 1.3 3.397
as a function of the impact speed is To the nearest tenth a relative maximum –12
square with side s. 1 4
s 10 value for f (x) is 3.3.
What function h(s) given by N(s) 3. What function –16
9:41 AM
f(x) x3 6x 9
gives the area of the gives N as a function of ?
–20
figure as a function of N(s()) 10
its side length s?
Lesson 7-1
3
2 HOT AIR BALLOONS For Exercises 5
h(s) (f g)(s) ( 1)s
4 and 6, use the following information. Using a calculator to find points, graph each function. To the nearest
Page A4
2. PRICING A computer company decides tenth, find a relative maximum value of the function.
to continuously adjust the pricing of and Hannah and Terry went on a one-hour hot
air balloon ride. Let T(A) be the outside air 1. f (x) x(x2 3) rel. max. of 2.0 2. f (x) x3 3x 3 rel. max. of 1.0
discounts to its products in an effort to
remain competitive. The function P(t) temperature as a function of altitude and f(x) f(x)
gives the sale price of its Super2000 let A(t) be the altitude of the balloon as a
O x
computer as a function of time. The function of time.
Answers
function D(t) gives the value of a special 60 6
A4
discount it offers to valued customers. O x
50 5
How much would valued customers have 40 4
to pay for one Super2000 computer? 30 3
(P D)(t) 20 2
Altitude (km)
Teperature (ºF)
10 1
3. LAVA A freshly ejected lava rock 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 10 20 30 40 50 60
immediately begins to cool down. The Altitude (km) Time (minutes)
temperature of the lava rock in degrees
(Lesson 7-1)
5. What function describes the air 3. f (x) x3 9x 2 rel. max. of 8.4 4. f (x) x3 2x2 12x 24 rel. max. of 3.3
Fahrenheit as a function of time is given
temperature Hannah and Terry felt at f(x) f(x)
by T(t). Let C(F) be the function that
different times during their trip?
gives degrees Celsius as a function of
degrees Fahrenheit. What function gives T(A(t))
the temperature of the lava rock in
degrees Celsius as a function of time? 6. Sketch a graph of the function you wrote
for Exercise 5 based on the graphs for 2 5
C(T(t))
T(A) and A(t) that are given. O 2 x O 1 x
60
50
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
40
30
20
Teperature (ºF)
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (minutes)
Chapter 7 10 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 11 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
A2-A26
A2-07-873977
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-1 7-2
Chapter 7
Spreadsheet Activity Lesson Reading Guide
Operations on Functions Inverse Functions and Relations
5/22/06
It is possible to perform operations on functions such as addition, Get Ready for the Lesson
subtraction, multiplication and division. You can use a spreadsheet to
investigate the relationships among functions. Read the introduction to Lesson 7-2 in your textbook.
A function multiplies a number by 3 and then adds 5 to the result.
Consider the functions f(x) 3x 2, g(x) x2 2x,
and h(x) x + 2. x2 What does the inverse function do, and in what order? Sample answer:
9:41 AM
Find the function values of each function for several values of x. It first subtracts 5 from the number and then divides the result by 3.
Does it appear that f(x) g(x) h(x)?
Use Column A for the chosen values of x.
Read the Lesson
Columns B, C, and E are f(x), g(x), and h(x)
Functions.xls
1. Complete each statement.
respectively. Use Column D for f(x) g(x). A B C D E
Page A5
1 x f(x) g(x) f(x) + g(x) h(x) a. If two relations are inverses, the domain of one relation is the range of
For every value of x, f(x) g(x) h(x). 2 –4 –10 24 14 14 the other.
3 –2.5 –5.5 11.25 5.75 5.75
4 –1 –1 3 2 2 b. Suppose that g is a relation and that the point (4, 2) is on its graph. Then a point
5 0 2 0 2 2 on the graph of g1 is (2, 4) .
6 1 5 –1 4 4
7 4 14 8 22 22 c. The horizontal line test can be used on the graph of a function to determine
8 12 38 120 158 158
whether the function has an inverse function.
Answers
9
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3
d. If you are given the graph of a function, you can find the graph of its inverse by
reflecting the original graph over the line with equation yx .
x and
Lesson 7-2
e. If f and g are inverse functions, then (f g)(x)
Exercises
A5
(g f)(x) x .
Study and use the spreadsheet above.
f. A function has an inverse that is also a function only if the given function is
1. Find k(x) (3x 2) (x2 2x). How does it compare to h(x)? one-to-one .
k(x) x 2 x 2 h(x)
g. Suppose that h(x) is a function whose inverse is also a function. If h(5) 12, then
h1(12) 5 .
2. Change the functions in the spreadsheet to f(x) x, g(x) 1 x2, and
2
x 2. Assume that f(x) is a one-to-one function defined by an algebraic equation. Write the
h(x) 1 x2. How are these functions related? Is it true that
2 four steps you would follow in order to find the equation for f 1(x).
f(x) g(x) h(x)? (f g)(x) h(x); yes
1. Replace f(x) with y in the original equation.
(Lessons 7-1 and 7-2)
3. Make a conjecture about (f g)(x) for any functions f(x) and g(x). 2. Interchange x and y.
(f g)(x) f(x) g(x) 3. Solve for y.
4. Make a conjecture about (f g)(x) for any functions f(x) and g(x). Use the 4. Replace y with f 1(x).
spreadsheet to test your conjecture. Does it appear to be true? Explain
your answer. (f g)(x) f(x) g(x); See students’ work.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Remember What You Learned
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3. A good way to remember something new is to relate it to something you already know.
Find (f g)(x), (f g)(x), for each f(x) and g(x). Use the spreadsheet to How are the vertical and horizontal line tests related? Sample answer: The vertical
find function values to verify your solutions. 5-7. See students’ spreadsheets. line test determines whether a relation is a function because the ordered
pairs in a function can have no repeated x-values. The horizontal line test
5. f(x) 6x 8 6. f(x) x21 7. f(x) 10x2 determines whether a function is one-to-one because a one-to-one
g(x) 9 x g(x) 3x 4 g(x) 6 x2 function cannot have any repeated y-values.
7x 17; 5x 1 x2 3x 3; x2 3x 5 9x 2 6; 11x 2 6
Chapter 7 12 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 13 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
A2-A26
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-2 Study Guide and Intervention 7-2
7-2 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
Chapter 7
A2-07-873977
Inverse Functions and Relations Inverse Functions and Relations
Find Inverses Inverses of Relations and Functions
Two relations are inverse relations if and only if whenever one relation contains the Inverse Functions Two functions f and g are inverse functions if and only if [f g](x) x and [g f ](x) x.
Inverse Relations
element (a, b), the other relation contains the element (b, a).
5/22/06
Property of Inverse Suppose f and f 1 are inverse functions.
Example 1 1
Functions Then f(a) b if and only if f 1(b) a. Determine whether f(x) 2x 7 and g(x) (x 7) are
2
inverse functions.
[ f g](x) f[ g(x)] [ g f ](x) g[ f(x)]
Example 2 1
Find the inverse of the function f(x) x . Then graph the
5 5 f (x 7)
12 g(2x 7)
function and its inverse.
9:41 AM
1 1
Step 1 Replace f(x) with y in the original equation. f (x ) (2x 7 7)
2 2
2 (x 7) 7
2 1 2 1
f(x) x → y x x77 x
5 5 5 5
f (x) 2–5x 1–5 x
Step 2 Interchange x and y.
O x The functions are inverses since both [ f g](x) x and [ g f ](x) x.
2 1
Page A6
x y
5 5 5 1
f –1(x) –x –
2 2 Example 2 1 1
Step 3 Solve for y. Determine whether f(x) 4x and g(x) x 3 are
3 4
2 1 inverse functions.
x y Inverse
5 5 [ f g](x) f[ g(x)]
5x 2y 1 Multiply each side by 5.
f x 3
Answers
5x 1 2y Add 1 to each side.
14
Lesson 7-2
1 1
A6
1
(5x 1) y Divide each side by 2. 4 3
4x 3
2
1
2 1 1 x 12
The inverse of f(x) x is f 1(x) (5x 1). 3
5 5 2 2
x 11
3
Since [ f g](x) x, the functions are not inverses.
Exercises
(Lesson 7-2)
Find the inverse of each function. Then graph the function and its inverse. Exercises
2 1 Determine whether each pair of functions are inverse functions.
1. f(x) x 1 2. f(x) 2x 3 3. f(x) x 2
3 4
1 1
3 3 1 3 1. f(x) 3x 1 2. f(x) x 5 3. f(x) x 10
f 1(x) x f 1(x) x f 1(x) 4x 8 4 2
2 2 2 2 1 1 1
g(x) x
3 3
yes g(x) 4x 20 yes g(x) 2x no
10
f (x ) f (x ) f (x )
f –1(x) 3–2x 3–2 f –1(x) 1–2x 3–2 4. f(x) 2x 5 5. f(x) 8x 12 6. f(x) 2x 3
f (x) 1–4x 2
O x
1 1 3
g(x) 5x 2 no g(x) x 12 no g(x) x yes
O x O x 8 2 2
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
f (x) 2–3x 1 1 3 1
7. f(x) 4x 8. f(x) 2x 9. f(x) 4x
f (x) 2x 3 f –1(x) 4x 8
2 5 2
1 1 1 1 3
g(x) x
4 8
yes g(x) (5x 3)
10
yes g(x) x
2 2
no
x 4 3
10. f(x) 10 11. f(x) 4x 12. f(x) 9 x
2 5 2
x 1 2
g(x) 20 2x yes g(x)
4 5
yes g(x) x 6
3
yes
Chapter 7 14 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 15 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
A2-A26
A2-07-873977
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-2 Skills Practice 7-2
7-2
Chapter 7
Practice
Inverse Functions and Relations Inverse Functions and Relations
5/22/06
Find the inverse of each relation. Find the inverse of each relation.
1. {(3, 1), (4, 3), (8, 3)} 2. {(7, 1), (0, 5), (5, 1)} 1. {(0, 3), (4, 2), (5, 6)} 2. {(5, 1), (5, 1), (5, 8)}
{(1, 3), (3, 4), (3, 8)} {(1, 7), (5, 0), (1, 5)} {(3, 0), (2, 4), (6, 5)} {(1, 5), (1, 5), (8, 5)}
9:41 AM
3. {(10, 2), (7, 6), (4, 2), (4, 0)} 4. {(0, 9), (5, 3), (6, 6), (8, 3)} 3. {(3, 7), (0, 1), (5, 9), (7, 13)} 4. {(8, 2), (10, 5), (12, 6), (14, 7)}
{(2, 10), (6, 7), (2, 4), (0, 4)} {(9, 0), (3, 5), (6, 6), (3, 8)} {(7, 3), (1, 0), (9, 5), (13, 7)} {(2, 8), (5, 10), (6, 12), (7, 14)}
5. {(5, 4), (1, 2), (3, 4), (7, 8)} 6. {(3, 9), (2, 4), (0, 0), (1, 1)}
5. {(4, 12), (0, 7), (9, 1), (10, 5)} 6. {(4, 1), (4, 3), (0, 8), (8, 9)}
{(4, 5), (2, 1), (4, 3), (8, 7)} {(9, 3), (4, 2), (0, 0), (1, 1)}
{(12, 4), (7, 0), (1, 9), (5, 10)} {(1, 4), (3, 4), (8, 0), (9, 8)}
Page A7
Find the inverse of each function. Then graph the function and its inverse.
Find the inverse of each function. Then graph the function and its inverse. 3
7. f(x) x 8. g(x) 3 x 9. y 3x 2
4
7. y 4 8. f(x) 3x 9. f(x) x 2 1 4 x2
f (x) x g 1(x) x 3 y
1 3 3
x4 f 1(x) x f 1(x) x 2 f (x ) g (x ) y
3
y f (x ) f (x )
O x O x O x
Answers
O x O x
O x
Lesson 7-2
A7
Determine whether each pair of functions are inverse functions.
1 2
10. g(x) 2x 1 11. h(x) x 12. y x 2
4 3 10. f(x) x 6 yes 11. f(x) 4x 1 yes 12. g(x) 13x 13 no
x1 3 1 1
g1(x) h1(x) 4x y x 3 g(x) x 6 g(x) (1 x) h(x) x 1
2 2 4 13
g (x ) h (x ) y
(Lesson 7-2)
6
13. f(x) 2x no 14. f(x) x
7
yes 15. g(x) 2x 8 yes
7 1
g(x) 2x g(x) x h(x) x 4
6 2
O x O x O x
16. MEASUREMENT The points (63, 121), (71, 180), (67, 140), (65, 108), and (72, 165) give
the weight in pounds as a function of height in inches for 5 students in a class. Give the
points for these students that represent height as a function of weight.
(121, 63), (180, 71), (140, 67), (108, 65), (165, 72)
REMODELING For Exercises 17 and 18, use the following information.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Determine whether each pair of functions are inverse functions.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Clearys are replacing the flooring in their 15 foot by 18 foot kitchen. The new flooring
13. f(x) x 1 no 14. f(x) 2x 3 yes 15. f(x) 5x 5 yes costs $17.99 per square yard. The formula f(x) 9x converts square yards to square feet.
1 1 x
g(x) 1 x g(x) (x 3) g(x) x 1 17. Find the inverse f 1(x). What is the significance of f1(x) for the Clearys? f 1(x) ;
2 5 9
It will allow them to convert the square footage of their kitchen floor to
16. f(x) 2x yes 17. h(x) 6x 2 no 18. f(x) 8x 10 yes
1 1 1 5 square yards, so they can then calculate the cost of the new flooring.
g(x) x g(x) x 3 g(x) x
2 6 8 4
18. What will the new flooring cost the Cleary’s? $539.70
Chapter 7 16 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 17 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
A2-A26
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-2 Word Problem Practice 7-2 Enrichment
Chapter 7
A2-07-873977
Inverse Functions and Relations
1. VOLUME Jason wants to make a 4. SELF-INVERTIBLE Karen finds the Reading Algebra
spherical water cooler that can hold half incomplete graph of a function in the
a cubic meter of water. He knows that back of her engineering handbook. The In mathematics, the term group has a special meaning. The following
4 function is graphed in the figure below. numbered sentences discuss the idea of group and one interesting example
V r3, but he needs to know how to
3 of a group.
5/22/06
find r given V. Find this inverse Karen knows that this function is 01 To be a group, a set of elements and a binary operation must satisfy four
function. its own inverse. Armed with this conditions: the set must be closed under the operation, the operation
3 3V knowledge, extend the graph for must be associative, there must be an identity element, and every
r values of x between 7 and 2.
4
element must have an inverse.
9:41 AM
02 The following six functions form a group under the operation of
y
1
5 composition of functions: f1(x) x, f2(x) , f3(x) 1 x,
x
(x 1) x 1
f4(x) , f5(x) , and f6(x) .
x (x 1) (1 x)
-5 O 5 x
03 This group is an example of a noncommutative group. For example,
Page A8
f3 f2 f4, but f2 f3 f6.
-5
2. EXERCISE Alex began a new exercise 04 Some experimentation with this group will show that the identity
routine. To gain the maximum benefit element is f1.
from his exercise, Alex calculated his 05 Every element is its own inverse except for f4 and f6, each of which is the
maximum target heart rate using the inverse of the other.
Answers
function. f(x) 0.85(220 x) where x PLANETS For Exercises 5 and 6, use
Lesson 7-2
A8
represents his age. Find the inverse of the following information.
this function. Use the paragraph to answer these questions.
x The approximate distance of a planet from
2
f1(x) 220 1. Explain what it means to say that a set is closed under an operation. Is
0.85 the Sun is given by d T 3 where d is the set of positive integers closed under subtraction? Performing the oper-
distance in astronomical units and T is ation on any two elements of the set results in an element of the
Earth years. An astronomical unit is the same set. No, 3 and 4 are positive integers but 3 4 is not.
distance of the Earth from the Sun.
(Lesson 7-2)
5. Solve for T in terms of d. 2. Subtraction is a noncommutative operation for the set of integers. Write
T d1.5 an informal definition of noncommutative. The order in which the
elements are used with the operation can affect the result.
3. ROCKETS The altitude of a rocket in
feet as a function of time is given by
f(t) = 49t2, where t ≥ 0. Find the inverse 3. For the set of integers, what is the identity element for the operation of
of this function and determine the times 6. Pluto is about 39.44 times as far from multiplication? Justify your answer.
when the rocket will be 10, 100, and the Sun as the Earth. About how many 1, because, for every integer a, a 1 a and 1 a a.
1000 feet high. Round your answers to years does it take Pluto to orbit the
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
the nearest hundredth of a second. Sun?
t 248 yr
f 1(t) ; 10 ft at 0.45 s, 4. Explain how the following statement relates to sentence 05:
7
1
100 ft at 1.43 s, 1000 ft at 4.52 s (f6 f4 )(x) f6[ f4(x)] f6
1 (x 1)
(1 1 x) x f1(x).
x
It shows that f4 is the inverse of f6.
Chapter 7 18 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 19 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
A2-A26
A2-07-873977
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-3 Lesson Reading Guide 7-3 Study Guide and Intervention
Chapter 7
Square Root Functions Square Root Functions and Inequalities
5/22/06
Get Ready for the Lesson Square Root Functions A function that contains the square root of a variable
expression is a square root function.
Read the introduction to Lesson 7-3 in your textbook.
If the weight to be supported by a steel cable is doubled, should the diameter of the support
cable also be doubled? If not, by what number should the diameter be multiplied? Example 3x 2
Graph y . State its domain and range.
9:41 AM
2
no; 2
Since the radicand cannot be negative, 3x 2 0 or x .
3
2
The x-intercept is . The range is y 0.
3
Make a table of values and graph the function. y
Read the Lesson
x y
Page A9
1. Match each square root function from the list on the left with its domain and range from 2
0
the list on the right. 3 y
3x 2
1 1 O x
a. y x iv i. domain: x 0; range: y 3
2 2
x 3 viii
b. y ii. domain: x 0; range: y 0 3 7
c. y x 3 i iii. domain: x 0; range: y 3
x3 v
d. y iv. domain: x 0; range: y 0 Exercises
Answers
e. y x ii v. domain: x 3; range: y 0 Graph each function. State the domain and range of the function.
A9
x 3 vii
f. y vi. domain: x 3; range: y 3 1. y 2x
2. y 3x 3. y 2x
y y y
3 x 3 vi
g. y vii. domain: x 3; range: y 0 O x
2x
y
h. y x 3 iii viii. domain: x 3; range: y 0
O x
x
y 3
3x 6 is a shaded region. Which of the following
2. The graph of the inequality y
points lie inside this region? O x y
(Lesson 7-3)
–2x
Lesson 7-3
(3, 0) (2, 4) (5, 2) (4, 2) (6, 6)
(3, 0), (5, 2), (4, 2)
D: x 0; R: y 0 D: x 0; R: y 0 D: x 0; R: y 0
Remember What You Learned x3
4. y 2 2x 3
5. y 2x 5
6. y
y y y
3. A good way to remember something is to explain it to someone else. Suppose you are
studying this lesson with a classmate who thinks that you cannot have square root y 2
x3
functions because every positive real number has two square roots. How would you
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
O x
explain the idea of square root functions to your classmate? y
2x 5
O x O x
Sample answer: To form a square root function, choose either the
y
2x 3
positive or negative square root. For example, y x
and y x are
two separate functions.
3 5
D: x 3; R: y 0 D: x ; R: y 0 D: x ; R: y 0
2 2
Chapter 7 20 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 21 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
A2-A26
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-3 Study Guide and Intervention (continued) 7-3 Skills Practice
Chapter 7
A2-07-873977
Square Root Functions and Inequalities Square Root Functions and Inequalities
Square Root Inequalities A square root inequality is an inequality that contains Graph each function. State the domain and range of each function.
the square root of a variable expression. Use what you know about graphing square root
functions and quadratic inequalities to graph square root inequalities. 1. y 2x
2. y 3x
3. y 2x
y y y
5/22/06
Example Graph y 2x 1
2.
Graph the related equation y 2x 1 2. Since the boundary y
should be included, the graph should be solid. y
2x 1 2 O x O x
1
The domain includes values for x , so the graph is to the right O x
2
1
9:41 AM
of x .
2
D: x 0, R: y 0 D: x 0, R: y 0 D: x 0, R: y 0
O x
Exercises
Page A10
Graph each inequality. x3
4. y 2x 5
5. y x42
6. y
y y y
1. y 2x 2. y x3
3. y 2x 1
3
y y y
x
y 2 y 3
2x 1
Answers
O x O x
O x
A10
y
x3
O x O x
O x D: x 3, R: y 0 D: x 2.5, R: y 0 D: x 4, R: y 2
4. y 3x 4
x14
5. y 6. y 2x 3
2
y y y
(Lesson 7-3)
Lesson 7-3
y
3x 4 Graph each inequality.
7. y 4x
x1
8. y 4x 3
9. y
O x y y y
y 2
2x 3
O x
y
x14 O x
3x 1 2
7. y 4x 2 1
8. y 9. y 2x 1 4
2 O x O x O x
y y y
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
y 2
2x 1 4
y
4x 2 1
O x
O x
y
3x 1 2
O x
Chapter 7 22 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 23 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
A2-A26
A2-07-873977
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________ PERIOD _____
7-3 Practice 7-3 Word Problem Practice
Chapter 7
Square Root Functions and Inequalities Square Root Functions and Inequalities
5/22/06
Graph each function. State the domain and range of each function. 1. SQUARES Cathy is building a square 4. DISTANCE Lance is standing at the
roof for her garage. The roof will occupy side of a road watching a cyclist go by.
1. y 5x
x1
2. y x2
3. y 2 625 square feet. What are the The distance between Lance and the
y y y
dimensions of the roof? cyclist as a function of time is given by
25 ft by 25 ft d 9 6t
3. 2 Graph this function.
9:41 AM
O x Find the distance between Lance and
the cyclist after 3 seconds.
y
O x
O x
2. PENDULUMS The period of a
Page A11
D: x 0, R: y 0 D: x 1, R: y 0 D: x 2, R: y 0 pendulum, the time it takes to complete
one swing, is given by the formula
3x 4
4. y x74
5. y 2x 3
6. y 1 L O x
18.25 m
p 2
y y y 3g where L is the length of
the pendulum and g is acceleration due
O
to gravity, 9.8 m/s2. Find the period of a
O x x
pendulum that is 0.65 meters long. STARS For Exercises 5-7, use the
Round to the nearest tenth. following information.
O x
1.6 seconds
The intensity of the light from an object
Answers
varies inversely with the square of the
k
A11
4 3 distance. In other words, I 2 .
d
D: x , R: y 0 D: x 7, R: y 4 D: x , R: y 1
3 2
5. Solve the equation to find d in terms of I.
3. REFLEXES Rachel and Ashley are kI
Graph each inequality. d
testing one another’s reflexes. Rachel I
drops a ruler from a given height so that
7. y 6x
x53
8. y 9. y 3x 2
2
it falls between Ashley’s thumb and
(Lesson 7-3)
Lesson 7-3
y y y
index finger. Ashley tries to catch the 6. Two stars give off the same amount of
O x O x ruler before it falls through her hand. light. However, from Earth their
The time required to catch the ruler is intensities differ. Let I1 and I2 be their
d
intensities and let d1 and d2 be their
given by t where d is measured
4 respective distances from Earth. What is
O x in feet. Complete the table. Round your the ratio of d2 to d1?
answers to the nearest hundredth.
d2 I1I2
Distance (in.) Reflex Time (seconds) d1 I2
10. ROLLER COASTERS The velocity of a roller coaster as it moves down a hill is
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3 in. 0.13
v v02 64h
, where v0 is the initial velocity and h is the vertical drop in feet. If
v 70 feet per second and v0 8 feet per second, find h. about 75.6 ft 6 in. 0.18 7. If one star appears 9 times as intense
as the other, how much closer is it to
9 in. 0.22
39602 WE Earth?
11. WEIGHT Use the formula d 3960, which relates distance from Earth d 12 in. 0.25 3 times as close
Ws
in miles to weight. If an astronaut’s weight on Earth WE is 148 pounds and in space Ws is
115 pounds, how far from Earth is the astronaut? about 532 mi
Chapter 7 24 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 25 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
A2-A26
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-3 Enrichment 7-4 Lesson Reading Guide
Chapter 7
A2-07-873977
nth Roots
Reading Algebra Get Ready for the Lesson
If two mathematical problems have basic structural similarities, Read the introduction to Lesson 7-4 in your textbook.
they are said to be analogous. Using analogies is one way of A basketball has a volume of about 382 cubic inches. Explain how you would find the radius
discovering and proving new theorems.
5/22/06
c of the basketball using a calculator. (Do not actually calculate the radius.)
p Sample answer: Using a calculator, find the product of 3 times the volume.
The following numbered sentences discuss a three-dimensional b
analogy to the Pythagorean theorem. Divide this number by 4. Then find the positive cube root result. Round
O q the answer to the nearest tenth.
r
01 Consider a tetrahedron with three perpendicular faces that a
9:41 AM
meet at vertex O. Read the Lesson
02 Suppose you want to know how the areas A, B, and C of the
1. For each radical below, identify the radicand and the index.
three faces that meet at vertex O are related to the area D
of the face opposite vertex O. 3
03 It is natural to expect a formula analogous to the a. 23
radicand: 23 index: 3
Pythagorean theorem z2 x2 y2, which is true for a
similar situation in two dimensions. 15x2
b. radicand: 15x 2 index: 2
Page A12
z
04 To explore the three-dimensional case, you might guess a y 5
Answers
formula and then try to prove it. c. 343
radicand: 343 index: 5
05 Two reasonable guesses are D3 A3 B3 C3 and
D2 A2 B2 C2. O 2. Complete the following table. (Do not actually find any of the indicated roots.)
x
Number of Positive Number of Negative Number of Positive Number of Negative
Number
Square Roots Square Roots Cube Roots Cube Roots
A12
Refer to the numbered sentences to answer the questions.
1. Use sentence 01 and the top diagram. The prefix tetra- means four. Write an 27 1 1 1 0
informal definition of tetrahedron.
a three-dimensional figure with four faces 16 0 0 0 1
2. Use sentence 02 and the top diagram. What are the lengths of the sides of 3. State whether each of the following is true or false.
each face of the tetrahedron?
a, b, and c; a, q, and r; b, p, and r; c, p, and q a. A negative number has no real fourth roots. true
3. Rewrite sentence 01 to state a two-dimensional analogue.
(Lessons 7-3 and 7-4)
b. 121
represents both square roots of 121. true
Consider a triangle with two perpendicular sides that meet at vertex C.
c. When you take the fifth root of x5, you must take the absolute value of x to identify
4. Refer to the top diagram and write expressions for the areas A, B, and C the principal fifth root. false
mentioned in sentence 02.
1 1 1
Lesson 7-4
Possible answer: A pr, B pq, C rq Remember What You Learned
2 2 2
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5. To explore the three-dimensional case, you might begin by expressing a, b, 4. What is an easy way to remember that a negative number has no real square roots but
and c in terms of p, q, and r. Use the Pythagorean theorem to do this. has one real cube root? Sample answer: The square of a positive or negative
a 2 q 2 r 2 , b2 r 2 p 2, c 2 p2 q 2 number is positive, so there is no real number whose square is negative.
However, the cube of a negative number is negative, so a negative
6. Which guess in sentence 05 seems more likely? Justify your answer. number has one real cube root, which is a negative number.
See students’ explanations.
Chapter 7 26 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 27 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
A2-A26
A2-07-873977
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-4 Study Guide and Intervention 7-4 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
Chapter 7
nth Roots nth Roots
5/22/06
Simplify Radicals Approximate Radicals with a Calculator
Square Root For any real numbers a and b, if a 2 b, then a is a square root of b. Irrational Number a number that cannot be expressed as a terminating or a repeating decimal
For any real numbers a and b, and any positive integer n, if a n b, then a is an nth
nth Root Radicals such as 2 and 3 are examples of irrational numbers. Decimal approximations
root of b.
9:41 AM
for irrational numbers are often used in applications. These approximations can be easily
1. If n is even and b 0, then b has one positive root and one negative root. found with a calculator.
Real nth Roots of b, 2. If n is odd and b 0, then b has one positive root.
n n
b
, b
3. If n is even and b 0, then b has no real roots.
Example 5
4. If n is odd and b 0, then b has one negative root. Approximate 18.2
with a calculator.
5
18.2
1.787
Page A13
Example 1 Example 2 3
Simplify 49z8.
Simplify 1)6
(2a
3 3
(7z4)2 7z4
49z8
(2a
1)6 1)2]3 (2a 1)2
[(2a Exercises
z4 must be positive, so there is no need to
take the absolute value. Use a calculator to approximate each value to three decimal places.
3
1. 62
2. 1050
3. 0.054
Exercises
7.874 32.404 0.378
Simplify.
4
Answers
3
4. 5.45
5. 5280
6. 18,60
0
1. 81
2. 343
144p6
3.
1.528 72.664 136.382
A13
9 7 12|p 3 |
3 5
5 3 7. 0.095
8. 15
9. 100
4. 4a10
5.
243p10 m6n9
6.
0.308 2.466 2.512
2a 5 3p 2 m 2n 3
3 6
b12
7. 8. b8
16a10 121x6
9. 10. 856
11. 3200
12. 0.05
3.081 56.569 0.224
(Lesson 7-4)
b4 4|a 5|b4 11|x 3 |
3 4
(4k)4
10. 11. 169r4
12. 27p
6 13. 12,50
0 14. 0.60
15. 500
16k 2 13r 2 3p 2 111.803 0.775 4.729
13. z4
625y2 14. 36q34
15. y4z6
100x2 3 6
16. 0.15
17. 4200
18. 75
25|y | z 2 6 | q17| 10|x | y 2 | z 3| 0.531 4.017 8.660
Lesson 7-4
3
16. 0.02
7 17. 0.36
18. 0.64p
10
19. LAW ENFORCEMENT The formula r 25L is used by police to estimate the speed r
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
0.3 not a real number 0.8 | p 5| in miles per hour of a car if the length L of the car’s skid mark is measures in feet.
4 3 Estimate to the nearest tenth of a mile per hour the speed of a car that leaves a skid
(2x)8
19. 20.
(11y2)4 21.
(5a2b)6 mark 300 feet long. 77.5 mi/h
4x 2 121y 4 25a 4b 2
3 20. SPACE TRAVEL The distance to the horizon d miles from a satellite orbiting h miles
22. 1)2
(3x 23. 5)6
(m 24.
36x2 1
12x above Earth can be approximated by d 8000h h2. What is the distance to the
|3x 1| (m 5)2 |6x 1| horizon if a satellite is orbiting 150 miles above Earth? about 1100 mi
Chapter 7 28 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 29 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
A2-A26
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-4 Skills Practice 7-4 Practice
Chapter 7
A2-07-873977
nth Roots nth Roots
Use a calculator to approximate each value to three decimal places. Use a calculator to approximate each value to three decimal places.
3 3
1. 230
15.166 2. 38
6.164 1. 7.8
2. 89
3. 25
4. 4
2.793 9.434 2.924 1.587
5/22/06
4 5 6 4
3. 152
12.329 4. 5.6
2.366 5. 1.1
6. 0.1
7. 5555
8. (0.94)
2
1.024 0.631 4.208 0.970
3 3
5. 88
4.448 6. 222
6.055 Simplify.
4 6
9:41 AM
9. 0.81
10. 324
11. 256
12. 64
4 5
7. 0.34
0.764 8. 500
3.466 0.9 18 4 2
3 3 5 4
13. 64
14. 0.512
15. 243
16. 1296
Simplify. 4 0.8 3 6
Page A14
5
1024 5
17. 18.
243x10 19. (14a)2
20. (14a
)2 not a
9. 81
9 10. 144
12 243
4 real number
3x 2 14|a|
3
16m2 3
(5)2 5
11. 52 not a real number
12. 22. w15 (2x)8
Answers
21.
49m2t8 23.
64r6 24.
25
4m
| |
A14
7|m | t4
5
4r 2w 5 16x 4
4
13. 0.36
0.6 14.
9 4 3 3
23 625s8
25. 26. q9
216p3 27. y6
676x4 28. y12
27x9
3 3 5s 2 6pq 3 26x 2 y 3
| | 3x 3y 4
15. 8
2 16. 27
3
5 6 3
29. 144m
8 n6 30. y10
32x5 31. 4)6
(m 32. 1)3
(2x
3 5 12m 4 n 3 | | 2xy 2 |m 4| 2x 1
(Lesson 7-4)
17. 0.064
0.4 18. 32
2
4 3
33. b16
49a10 34. )8
(x 5 35. 343d6
36. 0x 25
x2 1
4 7|a 5 | b8 (x 5)2 7d 2 |x 5|
19. 81
3 y2 |y |
20.
37. RADIANT TEMPERATURE Thermal sensors measure an object’s radiant temperature,
3 which is the amount of energy radiated by the object. The internal temperature of an
125s3
21. 5s 22. 64x6
8|x 3| 4
object is called its kinetic temperature. The formula Tr Tke relates an object’s radiant
temperature Tr to its kinetic temperature Tk. The variable e in the formula is a measure
Lesson 7-4
3 of how well the object radiates energy. If an object’s kinetic temperature is 30°C and
23. 27a
6 3a 2 m8n4 m 4n 2
24. e 0.94, what is the object’s radiant temperature to the nearest tenth of a degree?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
29.5 C
4
25.
100p4
q2 10p 2|q | 26.
16w4v8 2|w | v 2 38. HERO’S FORMULA Salvatore is buying fertilizer for his triangular garden. He knows
the lengths of all three sides, so he is using Hero’s formula to find the area. Hero’s
formula states that the area of a triangle is s(s a)(s b)(s c), where a, b, and c
(3c)4 9c 2
27. 28.
(a b
)2 |a b | are the lengths of the sides of the triangle and s is half the perimeter of the triangle. If
the lengths of the sides of Salvatore’s garden are 15 feet, 17 feet, and 20 feet, what is the
area of the garden? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. 124 ft2
Chapter 7 30 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 31 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
A2-A26
A2-07-873977
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-4 Word Problem Practice 7-4 Enrichment
Chapter 7
nth Roots
5/22/06
1. CUBES Cathy is building a cubic 4. MARKUPS A wholesaler manufactures Approximating Square Roots
storage room. She wants the volume of a part for D dollars. The wholesaler sells
the space to be 1728 cubic feet. What the part to a dealer for a P percent Consider the following expansion.
should the dimensions of the cube be? markup. The dealer sells the part to a 2 2ab b2
retailer at an additional P percent a2 2
(a 2ba) 2a 4a
9:41 AM
x
x markup. The retailer in turn sells the b2
part to its customers marking up the a2 b 2
4a
price yet another P percent. What is b2
x the price that customers see? If the Think what happens if a is very great in comparison to b. The term 2 is very
4a
customer buys the part for $80 and the small and can be disregarded in an approximation.
markup is 40%, what approximately was 2
Page A15
the original cost to make the part? (a 2ba) a2 b
12 ft by 12 ft by 12 ft D(1 P)3; $29.15 b
a a2 b
2a
Suppose a number can be expressed as a2 b, a b. Then an approximate value
b b
of the square root is a . You should also see that a a2 b.
2a 2a
2. ASTRONOMY A special form of
PENDULUMS For Exercises 5 and 6,
use the following information.
Kepler’s Third Law of Planetary Motion b
3 Example
is given by a P2 where a is the Use the formula b a to approximate
a2 622.
101 and
Mr. Topalian’s physics class is experimenting 2a
average distance of an object from the
Answers
with pendulums. The class learned the
Sun in AU (astronomical units) and P is a. 101
100
1 1
102 b. 622
625
3 3
252
L
A15
the period of the orbit in years. If an formula T 2 which relates the
3g
object is orbiting the Sun with a period
Let a 10 and b 1. Let a 25 and b 3.
time T that it takes for a pendulum to swing
of 12 years, what is its distance from 1 3
back and forth based on gravity g equal to 101
10
2(10)
622
25
2(25)
the Sun? 32 feet per second squared, and the length
5.24 AU of the pendulum L in feet. 10.05 24.94
Exercises
(Lesson 7-4)
Use the formula to find an approximation for each square root to the
5. One group in the class made a 2-foot
nearest hundredth. Check your work with a calculator.
long pendulum. Use the formula to
3. TUNING Two notes are an octave apart determine how long it will take for their
1. 626
25.02 2. 99
9.95 3. 402
20.05
if the frequency of the higher note is pendulum to swing back and forth.
twice the frequency of the lower note. 1.57 seconds
Casey is experimenting with an 4. 1604
40.05 5. 223
14.93 6. 80
8.94
instrument that has 6 notes tuned so
Lesson 7-4
that the frequency of each successive
note increases by the same factor and 6. Another group decided they wanted 7. 4890
69.93 8. 2505
50.05 9. 3575
59.79
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
the first and last note are an octave to make a pendulum that took about
apart. By what factor does the frequency 1.76 seconds to go back and forth.
increase from note to note? Approximately how long should their 10. 1,441
,100 1200.46 11. 290
17.03 12. 260
16.12
5
2
or approximately 1.15 pendulum be?
2.5 feet b 2 b2
13. Show that a a2 b for a
b. a 2 b 2 ;
2a a 2ba 4a
b2 b 2 b
disregard 2 ; a a 2 b; a a2 b
4a 2a 2a
Chapter 7 32 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 33 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
A2-A26
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-5 Lesson Reading Guide 7-5 Study Guide and Intervention
Chapter 7
A2-07-873977
Operations with Radical Expressions Operations with Radical Expressions
Get Ready for the Lesson Simplify Radical Expressions
Read the introduction to Lesson 7-5 in your textbook. For any real numbers a and b, and any integer n 1:
n n n
Describe how you could use the golden ratio to find the height of a golden Product Property of Radicals 1. if n is even and a and b are both nonnegative, then ab
a b.
n n n
5/22/06
triangle if you knew its width. Sample answer: Use a calculator to multiply 2. if n is odd, then ab
a b.
the width by 2 and divide the result by the quantity of 5
1.
Round this answer to the nearest tenth. To simplify a square root, follow these steps:
1. Factor the radicand into as many squares as possible.
2. Use the Product Property to isolate the perfect squares.
Read the Lesson 3. Simplify each radical.
9:41 AM
1. Complete the conditions that must be met for a radical expression to be in simplified form.
For any real numbers a and b 0, and any integer n 1,
Quotient Property of Radicals n
• The index n is as small as possible. n
n
ab ab , if all roots are defined.
• The radicand contains no factors (other than 1) that are nth
To eliminate radicals from a denominator or fractions from a radicand, multiply the
powers of a(n) integer or polynomial. numerator and denominator by a quantity so that the radicand has an exact root.
Page A16
• The radicand contains no fractions .
3 8x3
• No radicals appear in the denominator . Example 1 Simplify 16a
5 b7 . Example 2 Simplify .
45y 5
3 3
Answers
2. a. What are conjugates of radical expressions used for? to rationalize binomial 16a
5b7
(2)3
2 a
3 a2 b
(b2) 3
3 8x3 8x3
denominators 2b Quotient Property
A16
2ab22a
1 2
45y5
45y5
b. How would you use a conjugate to simplify the radical expression ?
3 2
(2x)
2 2x
Factor into squares.
Multiply numerator and denominator by 3 2
. (3y2)2 5y
c. In order to simplify the radical expression in part b, two multiplications are (2x)
2 2x
Product Property
necessary. The multiplication in the numerator would be done by the (3y
2)2 5y
FOIL method, and the multiplication in the denominator would be done by 2| x|2x
(Lesson 7-5)
Simplify.
finding the 3y25y
difference of two squares . 2| x|2x
5y
Rationalize the
3y25y
5y
denominator.
Remember What You Learned 2| x|10xy
3 Simplify.
15y
3. One way to remember something is to explain it to another person. When rationalizing the
1
denominator in the expression
3 , many students think they should multiply numerator
2
Exercises
3
2
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
and denominator by
3
. How would you explain to a classmate why this is incorrect Simplify.
2
and what he should do instead. Sample answer: Because you are working with 4 4
cube roots, not square roots, you need to make the radicand in the 1. 554
156
32a9b20
2. 2a 2|b 5| 2a
3.
75x4y7 5x 2y 3 3y
denominator a perfect cube, not a perfect square. Multiply numerator and
3 3
3 36 a6b3 3 p5q3
25p 2
4 4. 65 5.
|a |b2b
6. 3 pq
denominator by
3 to make the denominator 8
, which equals 2. 125 98
40
25 14 10
Lesson 7-5
4
Chapter 7 34 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 35 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
A2-A26
A2-07-873977
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-5 Study Guide and Intervention (continued) 7-5 Skills Practice
Chapter 7
Operations with Radical Expressions Operations with Radical Expressions
5/22/06
Operations with Radicals When you add expressions containing radicals, you can Simplify.
add only like terms or like radical expressions. Two radical expressions are called like
radical expressions if both the indices and the radicands are alike. 1. 24
26
2. 75
53
To multiply radicals, use the Product and Quotient Properties. For products of the form
9:41 AM
(ab cd ) (ef gh), use the FOIL method. To rationalize denominators, use
3 3 4 4
conjugates. Numbers of the form ab cd
and ab cd, where a, b, c, and d are 3. 16
22
4. 48
2 3
rational numbers, are called conjugates. The product of conjugates is always a rational
number.
4
Example 1 Simplify 250
4500
6125
. 5. 4
50x5 20x 22x
6.
64a4b4 2| ab | 2
Page A17
250
4500
6125
2 52 2 4102 5 652 5 Factor using squares.
2 5 2 4 10 5
6 5 5
Simplify square roots. 3
3 1 2 2 25
10 2 405 305 Multiply. 7. d f
d 2f 5 8. s2t
8
12 f 36
56 |s |t
10 2 10 5 Combine like radicals.
3
2 5
3 2
Example 2 2 ). Example 3 Simplify . 21
3 6
Simplify (2
3 4
2 )(
3 2 9. 10.
3 5
7
7 3
9
(23 42 )(3 22 ) 2 5
2 5
3 5
23 3 23 2
2 4
2
3 4 2
2 2
3 5
3 5
3 5
Answers
6 46 46 16 2g3
g 10gz
6 25
35
(5
)2 11. 12. (33
)(53
) 45
5z
5z
10 2 2
A17
3 (5
)
6 55
5
95 13. (412
)(320
) 4815
14. 2
8
50
82
11 55
4
15. 12
23
108
63
16. 85
45
80
5
(Lesson 7-5)
Exercises
Simplify.
17. 248
75
12
3
18. (2 3
)(6 2
) 12 22
63
6
1. 32
50
48
2. 20
125
45
3. 300
27
75
0 45
23
3 3 3 3 3 19. (1 5
)(1 5
) 4 20. (3 7
)(5 2
) 15 32
57
14
4. 81
24
5. 2 (
4
12
) 6. 23
(15
60
)
3 3
69
2 2 3
185
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
2 3 21 32
21. (2
6
) 8 43
22.
7 2
47
7. (2 37
)(4 7
) 8. (63
42
)(33
2
) 9. (42
35 20 5
)(2 )
29 147
46 66
402
305
4 12 42
5 40 56
23. 24.
548
75
4 2
5 33
133
23 3 2
7 8 6
58
10. 5 11. 12.
Lesson 7-5
5 32
53
2 2
1 23
11
Chapter 7 36 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 37 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
A2-A26
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-5 Practice 7-5 Word Problem Practice
Chapter 7
A2-07-873977
Operations with Radical Expressions Operations with Radical Expressions
Simplify. 1. CUBES Cathy has a rectangular box RACING For Exercises 5 and 6, use the
3 3 3 3 with dimensions 20 inches by 35 inches following information and express your
1. 540
615
2. 432
62
3. 128
42
by 40 inches. She would like to replace it answers in simplest form.
with a box in the shape of a cube but
with the same volume. What should the John is Jay’s younger brother. They like to
5/22/06
4 4 3 3 5 5
4. 405
35
5. 500
0 10 5
6. 121
5 35
length of a side of the cube be? Express race and, after many races, they found that
your answer as a radical expression in the fairest race was to run slightly different
3 4 3
simplest form. distances. They both start at the same place
3 4 3 3
7. w2
125t6w2 5t 2 48v8z13
8. 2v 2z 33z
9. k2
8g3k8 2gk 2 10 28
in. and run straight for 0.2 miles. Then they
head for different finishes. In the figure,
9:41 AM
John and Jay’s finishing paths are marked.
11 216 3
11
3
10.
45x3y8 3xy 45x
11. 12.
39 24
9 2. PHYSICS The speed of a wave traveling
John’s Jay’s
4 t Finish Finish
1 1 9a5
3a a 2 8 72a
over a string is given by where t is
13. c4d 7 c 2d 32d
14.
2
15. 4 3 u
, 0.1 mile 0.1 mile
128 16 64b4
8b 9a 3a
the tension of the string and u is the
Page A18
density. Rewrite the expression in
0.1 mile
16. (315
)(445
) 17. (224
)(718
) 18. 810
240
250
simplest form by rationalizing the
1803
1683
410
415
denominator.
tu
Start 0.2 mile
u
Answers
This time, they tied. Both of them finished
19. 620
85
545
20. 848
675
780
21. (32
23
)2
the race in exactly 4 minutes.
A18
55
23
285
30 126
3. TUNING With each note higher on a
5. If John and Jay continued at their
piano, the frequency of the pitch
12 average paces during the race, exactly
22. (3 7
) 2 23. (5
6
)(5
2
) 24. (2
10
)(2
10
) increases by a factor of 2 . What is the
how many minutes would it take them
ratio of the frequencies of two notes that
16 67
5 10
30
23
8 each to run a mile? Express your answer
are 6 steps apart on the piano? What is
as a radical expression in simplest form.
the ratio of the frequencies of two notes
that are 9 steps apart on the piano? 0.8 4 0.02
John:
(Lesson 7-5)
25. (1 6
)(5 7
) 26. (3
47
)2 27. (108
63
)2 Express your answers in simplest form. 0.02
5 7
56
42
115 821
0 4
2 8
and min;
or 40 202
0.8 40.05
3 6 5 3
Jay:
28. 15
23
29. 62
6 30.
17 3
0.01
5
2 2
1 4 3
13
4. LIGHTS Suppose a light has a or 405
80 min
3 2
8 52 3 6 3 x 6 5x
brightness intensity of I1 when it is at a
x
31. 32. 27 116
33. distance of d1 and a brightness intensity
2 2
2 5 24
2 x 4x
of I2 when it is at a distance of d2. These
quantities are related by the equation
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
34. BRAKING The formula s 25 estimates the speed s in miles per hour of a car when 6. Exactly how many times as fast did
d2 I1
it leaves skid marks feet long. Use the formula to write a simplified expression for s if . Suppose I1 50 units and John run as Jay?
d1 I2
10
85. Then evaluate s to the nearest mile per hour. 1017 ; 41 mi/h d2 2 2
5
I2 24 units. What would be? 2
d1
35. PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM The measures of the legs of a right triangle can be Express your answer in simplest form.
represented by the expressions 6x2y and 9x2y. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find a
53
Lesson 7-5
simplified expression for the measure of the hypotenuse. 3x 2 | y | 13
6
Chapter 7 38 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 39 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
A2-A26
A2-07-873977
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Enrichment Lesson Reading Guide
Chapter 7
7-5 7-6
Rational Exponents
5/22/06
Special Products with Radicals Get Ready for the Lesson
2 2 Read the introduction to Lesson 7-6 in your textbook.
Notice that (3
)(3
) 3, or (3
) 3. In general, (x ) x when x 0.
2
The formula in the introduction contains the exponent . What do you think
Also, notice that (9
)(4
) 36
. In general, (x )(y ) xy
when x and y 5
2
are not negative.
9:41 AM
it might mean to raise a number to the power?
5
Lesson 7-6
You can use these ideas to find the special products below. Sample answer: Take the fifth root of the number and square it.
(a b )(a b ) (a)2 (b )2 a b Read the Lesson
(a b )2 (a )2 2ab
(b )2 a 2abb 1. Complete the following definitions of rational exponents.
Page A19
2 2 1 n
(a b ) (a ) 2ab (b )2 a 2abb
• For any real number b and for any positive integer n, b n b
except
Example 1 when b 0 and n is even .
Find the product: (2 5 )(2
5
).
(2 5 )(2 5 ) (2)2 (5 )2 2 5 3 • For any nonzero real number b, and any integers m and n, with n 1 ,
m n n m
n
b bm
(b ) , except when b 0 and
Answers
Example 2 2
Evaluate (2
8
) . even
n is .
2 2 2
(2 8) (2
) 22
8
(8
)
2 216
8 2 2(4) 8 2 8 8 18 2. Complete the conditions that must be met in order for an expression with rational
exponents to be simplified.
A19
Exercises
• It has no negative exponents.
Multiply.
• It has no fractional exponents in the denominator .
1. (3
7
)(3
7
) 4 2. (10
2
)(10
2
) 8
• It is not a complex fraction.
2
3. (2x
6
)(2x
6
) 2x 6 4. (3
(7)) 52 143
• The index of any remaining radical is the least
2 number possible.
5. (1000
10
) 1210 6. (y 5
)(y 5
) y 5
2 2 3. Margarita and Pierre were working together on their algebra homework. One exercise
7. (50
x ) 50 102x
x 8. (x 20) x 40x
400 4
(Lessons 7-5 and 7-6)
asked them to evaluate the expression 27 3 . Margarita thought that they should raise
27 to the fourth power first and then take the cube root of the result. Pierre thought that
You can extend these ideas to patterns for sums and differences of cubes. they should take the cube root of 27 first and then raise the result to the fourth power.
Study the pattern below. Then complete Exercises 9–12. Whose method is correct? Both methods are correct.
3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3
( 8
x )( 8 8x
x ) x 8x
8
3 3 3 2 3 3 2 Remember What You Learned
9. (2 5 2 10
)( 5 ) 3
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. Some students have trouble remembering which part of the fraction in a rational
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3 3 3 3 3
10. (y w y2 yw
)(
w2 ) y w exponent gives the power and which part gives the root. How can your knowledge of
3 3 3 3 3
integer exponents help you to keep this straight? Sample answer: An integer3
11. (7
20 72 140
)( 202 ) 27
exponent can be written as a rational exponent. For example, 23 2 1 .
3 3 3 3 3 You know that this means that 2 is raised to the third power, so the
12. (
11 8 112 88
)( 82) 3
numerator must give the power, and, therefore, the denominator must
give the root.
Chapter 7 40 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 41 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
A2-A26
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Study Guide and Intervention Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
Chapter 7
7-6 7-6
A2-07-873977
Rational Exponents Rational Exponents
Rational Exponents and Radicals Simplify Expressions All the properties of powers from Lesson 6-1 apply to rational
exponents. When you simplify expressions with rational exponents, leave the exponent in
1 For any real number b and any positive integer n, rational form, and write the expression with all positive exponents. Any exponents in the
n 1
Definition of b n denominator must be positive integers.
b n b
, except when b 0 and n is even.
5/22/06
m For any nonzero real number b, and any integers m and n, with n 1, When you simplify radical expressions, you may use rational exponents to simplify, but your
Lesson 7-6
Definition of bn m answer should be in radical form. Use the smallest index possible.
n n m
bn bm
(b ) , except when b 0 and n is even.
2 3
4
1
Example 1 Simplify y 3 y 8 . Example 2 144x6.
1 Simplify
Example 1 8
2
Write 28 in radical form. Example 2 Evaluate 3 . 2 3 2 3 25 1
4
3 8 3 8 24
125
9:41 AM
y y y y 144x6 (144x6) 4
Notice that 28 0. 1
Notice that 8 0, 125 0, and 3 is
1 (24 32 x6) 4
28 2 28
odd. 1 1 1
1 3 4
(24) (32) (x6) 4 4
8 8
22 7
3 1 3 1
3
2 2
125 125
2 3 x 2x (3x) 2 2x3x
22 7
2
Page A20
27
5
Exercises
Simplify each expression.
Exercises 4 6 2 3 4 7
1. x 5 x 5 2. y 3 4 3. p 5 p 10
Answers
2 1 3
5
A20
x2 y2 p2
6 2 3 4 1 4
Write each expression in radical form. 5
5
8 6 3
4. m 5. x x3 6. s
1 1 3 13
7 3 2 1 25 23 2
1. 11 2. 15 3. 300 m
12 x 24 s9
or
7 3 m 25 m
1
11
15
30003
p 2 6 2 3 x 2
(Lesson 7-6)
1 7. 8. a 3 5 a 5 9. 1
3
p3 x
5
Write each radical using rational exponents. 2 1
x6
3
1
3 4
p a2 or
x 6 x
4. 47
3a5b2
5. 162p5
6.
1 1 5 2 1 5 6 4 5
10. 128
11. 49
12. 288
47 2 33a3b3 3 24 p4
6 5
2 2
7
29
Evaluate each expression. 3 6
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1 13. 32
316
14. 25
125
15. 16
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
2 1
5 2
3 2
7. 27 8. 9. (0.0004) 6 3
25
482
255
4
1 3 3
9 0.02 x 3 3 ab4
10 16. 48
17. 18. 3
12
ab
6 6
x 3 35
6 a b5
48
6 b
Chapter 7 42 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 43 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
A2-A26
A2-07-873977
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Skills Practice 7-6 Practice
Chapter 7
7-6
Rational Exponents Rational Exponents
5/22/06
Write each expression in radical form. Write each expression in radical form.
1 1 5 1 2 4 2
6
1. 3 6 3
2. 8 5 8
1. 5 3 2. 6 5 3. m 7 4. (n3) 5
3 5 2 5 7 4 7 5
2 3 3 3 5
2 3 5
62 or (6
) m4 or (m
) n n
3. 12 3
9:41 AM
122 or (12
) or 218 s4
4. (s3) 5 s
Lesson 7-6
Write each radical using rational exponents.
Write each radical using rational exponents. 4 3
1 1 5. 79
6. 153
7.
27m6n4 2a10b
8. 5
3
1 1 4 1 1
5. 51
51 2 6. 37
37 3
2 4 3
79 153 3m 2n
Page A21
5 2 2 |a 5 | b 2
3 1 1 2
4 3
4 3 3 3
153 15
7. 6xy2 6 x y
8.
Evaluate each expression.
1 1 5
5 1 3 1
9. 81 4 3 10. 1024 11. 8
Evaluate each expression. 4 32
1 1
9. 32 5 2 10. 81 4 3 3 2 1 4
4 1 3 1
12. 256 13. (64) 14. 27 3 27 3 243
1
64 16
1 1 1
3 2
11. 27 12. 4
Answers
3 2 2
1 1
2 25 5
64 3 16 3
15. 3 17. 25 2 64
3 4 16.
2
A21
2
5
125
216 36 49 4
13. 16 64 14. (243) 81 343 3
1 5 3
8
2 Simplify each expression.
15. 27 3 27 3 729 16. 1
49 27 4
4 3 3 13 1 4 1
3 5 2 1 y2
18. g 7 g 7 g 19. s 4 s 4 s 4 20. u
u 15 21. y 1 or
y2 y
Simplify each expression. 2 3 11 1
1 2 1
(Lesson 7-6)
3
5 q5 3 12 2 2z 2z 2
12 3 2 16 5 1 b t t 2z
22. b 23. 2 q 5 24.
1 3
5 5 9 9
3 or 25.
1
17. c c c3 18. m m m2 b z1
b5 q5 5t 2 t
4 5
z2 1
4
10 5 4 4 a
3 123 a3b
1 1
26.
85 22
27. 12
28. 6
36
29.
1 p5 10 3b
3b
19. q 2
3 q 2 20. p5 1 or
p5 p 1212
36
5 2 5
6
1 1 x 11 30. ELECTRICITY The amount of current in amperes I that an appliance uses can be
1 1
21. x 6
x 3 x 12
22.
or 1
x
x 11 x 4 calculated using the formula I 2 , where P is the power in watts and R is the
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
RP
1 2 resistance in ohms. How much current does an appliance use if P 500 watts and
1 1
y 2 1 y4 n3 1 n3 R 10 ohms? Round your answer to the nearest tenth. 7.1 amps
23. 1
3 or 24.
1 1
1 or
y4 y n3 n
y4 n6 n2 1
31. BUSINESS A company that produces DVDs uses the formula C 88n 3 330 to
12 8 4 calculate the cost C in dollars of producing n DVDs per day. What is the company’s cost
25. 64
2
26.
49a8b2 | a | 7b
to produce 150 DVDs per day? Round your answer to the nearest dollar. $798
Chapter 7 44 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 45 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
A2-A26
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Word Problem Practice 7-6 Enrichment
Chapter 7
7-6
A2-07-873977
Rational Exponents
1. SQUARING THE CUBE A cube has side 4. INTEREST Rita opened a bank account Lesser-Known Geometric Formulas
length s. What is the side length of the that accumulated interest at the rate of
square that has an area equal to the 1% compounded annually. Her money Many geometric formulas involve radical expressions.
volume of this cube? Write your answer accumulated interest in that account for
using rational exponents. 8 years. She then took all of her money Make a drawing to illustrate each of the formulas given on this page.
5/22/06
3 out of that account and placed it into Then evaluate the formula for the given value of the variable. Round
Lesson 7-6
s2 another account that paid 5% interest answers to the nearest hundredth.
compounded annually. After 4 years, 1. The area of an isosceles triangle. Two 2. The area of an equilateral triangle with
she took all of her money out of that sides have length a; the other side has a side of length a. Find A when a 8.
account. What single interest rate when length c. Find A when a 6 and c 7. a2
9:41 AM
compounded annually would give her A 3
c 4
the same outcome for those 12 years? A c2
4a2 a a
4 A 27.71 units2 a a
2. WATER TOWER A large water tower Round your answer to the nearest A 17.06 units2
stores drinking water in a big spherical hundredth of a percent. c
tank. The mayor of the town decides 2.32%
a
that the water tower
Page A22
must be replaced
with a larger tank. 3. The area of a regular pentagon with a 4. The area of a regular hexagon with a
Town residents insist
CELLS For Exercises 5-7, use the side of length a. Find A when a 4. side of length a. Find A when a 9.
following information. a2 3a2 a
that the new tower A 105
25 a a A 3
be a sphere. If the 4 2 a a
The number of cells in a cell culture grows
Answers
new tank will hold A 27.53 units2 A 210.44 units2
exponentially. The number of cells in the a a
10 times as much
A22
culture as a function of time is given by the a a
water as the old 6 t a
tank, how many expression N where t is measured in
(5 ) a
times long should hours and N is the initial size of the
the radius of the new tank be compared culture. 5. The volume of a regular tetrahedron 6. The area of the curved surface of a right
to the old tank? Write your answer with an edge of length a. Find V when cone with an altitude of h and radius of
using rational exponents. a 2. base r. Find S when r 3 and h 6.
1 a3
V 2
(Lesson 7-6)
10 3 S r
r2 h2
5. After 3 hours, there were 1728 cells in 12 a a
a
the culture. What is N? V 0.94 units3 S 63.22 units2 h
1000 a a
r
a
6. How many cells were in the culture 7. Heron’s Formula for the area of a 8. The radius of a circle inscribed in a given
3. BALLOONS A spherical balloon is triangle uses the semi-perimeter s, triangle also uses the semi-perimeter.
after 20 minutes? Express your answer
being inflated faster and faster. The abc
in simplest form. where s . The sides of the Find r when a 6, b 7, and c 9.
volume of the balloon as a function of 1 2
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
s(s
a)(s c)
b)(s
time is 9t2. What is the radius of the 150 3 triangle have lengths a, b, and c. Find A r
200 s
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
balloon as a function of time? Write your when a 3, b 4, and c 5.
answer using rational exponents. r 1.91 units b
2 A
s(s
a)(s c)
b)(s
t
3 3
(2 ) 7. How many cells were in the culture A6 units2 b r
after 2.5 hours? Express your answer in a
a c
simplest form.
1
288 30 2 c
Chapter 7 46 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 47 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
A2-A26
A2-07-873977
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-6 7-7 Lesson Reading Guide
Chapter 7
Spreadsheet Activity
Appreciation and Depreciation Solving Radical Equations and Inequalities
5/22/06
Get Ready for the lesson
When an asset such as a house increases in value over time, it is said to
Read the introduction to Lesson 7-7 in your textbook.
appreciate. If the value increases by a fixed percent each year, or other
period of time, the amount y of that quantity after t years is given by Explain how you would use the formula in your textbook to find the cost of producing
125,000 computer chips. (Describe the steps of the calculation in the order in which you would
9:41 AM
y a(1 r)t,
perform them, but do not actually do the calculation.)
where a is the initial amount and r is the percent of increase expressed as a 2
Sample answer: Raise 125,000 to the power by taking the
decimal. You can use a spreadsheet to investigate future values of an asset. 3
cube root of 125,000 and squaring the result (or raise 125,000
Example Michael Blackstock is considering buying a piece of 2
investment property for $95,000. The homes in the area are to the power by entering 125,000 ^ (2/3) on a calculator).
3
Page A23
appreciating at an average rate of 4% per year. Find the expected Multiply the number you get by 10 and then add 1500.
value of the home in 1 year, 1 year and 6 months, 4 years, and
6 years and 9 months.
Lesson 7-7
Use rows 1 and 2 to enter the initial amount and the rate Appreciation.xls
Read the Lesson
of increase. Then use Column A to enter the amounts of A B 1. a. What is an extraneous solution of a radical equation? Sample answer: a number
time. Enter the numbers of months as a fraction of a year 1 Initial value = $95,000.00
since t is measured in years. Column B contains the 2 Rate = 0.04
that satisfies an equation obtained by raising both sides of the original
Answers
formulas for the value of the home. 3 equation to a higher power but does not satisfy the original equation
4 Years Value
5 1 $98,800.00
Format the cells containing the values as currency so 6 1.5 $100,756.63
b. Describe two ways you can check the proposed solutions of a radical equation in order
that they are displayed as dollars and cents. The expect- 7 4 $111,136.56
8 6.75 $123,793.73 to determine whether any of them are extraneous solutions. Sample answer: One
ed value of the home after each amount of time is shown 9 way is to check each proposed solution by substituting it into the
A23
in the spreadsheet. Sheet 1 Sheet 2
original equation. Another way is to use a graphing calculator to graph
both sides of the original equation. See where the graphs intersect.
This can help you identify solutions that may be extraneous.
Exercises 2. Complete the steps that should be followed in order to solve a radical inequality.
1. If Mr. Blackstock chooses another property in the neighborhood that costs Step 1 If the index of the root is even , identify the values of
$99,900, what are the expected values of that home in the same periods of time?
$103,896.00, $105,953.55, $116,868.87, $130,178.88 the variable for which the radicand is nonnegative .
Step 2 Solve the inequality algebraically.
(Lessons 7-6 and 7-7)
2. What would Mr. Blackstock’s profit be on the $99,900 home if he sold it
after 9 years and 3 months? $43,689.89 Step 3 Test values to check your solution.
3. If an antique chair worth $165.00 increases in value an average of 31%
2
every year, how much will it be worth next year? $170.78 Remember What You Learned
3. One way to remember something is to explain it to another person. Suppose that your
4. Often assets like cars decrease in value over time. This asset is said to
friend Leora thinks that she does not need to check her solutions to radical equations by
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
depreciate. If the value decreases by a fixed percent each year, or other
substitution because she knows she is very careful and seldom makes mistakes in her
period of time, the amount y of that quantity after t years is given by
work. How can you explain to her that she should nevertheless check every proposed
y a(1 r)t, where a is the initial amount and r is the percent of
solution in the original equation? Sample answer: Squaring both sides of an
decrease expressed as a decimal. Use a spreadsheet to find the value of a
equation can produce an equation that is not equivalent to the original
car
one. For example, the only solution of x 5 is 5, but the squared
purchased for $18,500 after 2 years, 2 years and 6 months, and 4 years
equation x2 25 has two solutions, 5 and 5.
and 3 months if the car depreciates at a rate of 12% per year.
Chapter 7 48 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 49 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
A2-A26
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-7 Study Guide and Intervention 7-7 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
Chapter 7
A2-07-873977
Solving Radical Equations and Inequalities Solving Radical Equations and Inequalities
Solve Radical Equations The following steps are used in solving equations that have Solve Radical Inequalities A radical inequality is an inequality that has a variable
variables in the radicand. Some algebraic procedures may be needed before you use these in a radicand. Use the following steps to solve radical inequalities.
steps.
Step 1 If the index of the root is even, identify the values of the variable for which the radicand is nonnegative.
Step 1 Isolate the radical on one side of the equation. Step 2 Solve the inequality algebraically.
5/22/06
Step 2 To eliminate the radical, raise each side of the equation to a power equal to the index of the radical. Step 3 Test values to check your solution.
Step 3 Solve the resulting equation.
Step 4 Check your solution in the original equation to make sure that you have not obtained any extraneous roots.
Example Solve 5 4
20x 3.
Since the radicand of a square root Now solve 5 4 3.
20x
9:41 AM
Example 1 Solve 2 8 4 8.
4x Example 2 3x 1
Solve 5x
1. must be greater than or equal to
zero, first solve 5
20x 4 3 Original inequality
4x 8 4 8
2 Original equation 3x 1 5x 1 Original equation
20x 48 Isolate the radical.
20x 4 0.
24x 8 12 Add 4 to each side. 3x 1 5x 2 5x 1 Square each side. 20x 4 0 20x 4 64 Eliminate the radical by squaring each side.
Lesson 7-7
4x 8 6 Isolate the radical. 25x
2x Simplify. 20x 4 20x 60 Subtract 4 from each side.
4x 8 36 Square each side. 5x
x Isolate the radical. 1
x x3 Divide each side by 20.
5
Page A24
4x 28 Subtract 8 from each side. 5x x2 Square each side.
1
x7 Divide each side by 4. x2 5x 0 Subtract 5x from each side. It appears that x 3 is the solution. Test some values.
5
Check x(x 5) 0 Factor.
2 848
4(7) x 0 or x 5 x 1 x0 x4
Answers
236
48 Check 20(1
) 4 is not a real 5 20(0)
4 3, so the 5 20(4)
4 4.2, so
3(0) 1 1, but 5(0)
1 1, so 0 is number, so the inequality is inequality is satisfied. the inequality is not
A24
2(6) 4 8 not satisfied. satisfied
not a solution.
88
3(5) 1 4, and 5(5)
1 4, so the 1
The solution x 7 checks. solution is x 5. Therefore the solution x 3 checks.
5
Exercises
Exercises
Solve each inequality.
(Lesson 7-7)
Solve each equation.
c247
1. 2x 1 6
2. 3 15 3. 92
10x 5
1. 3 2x3
5 3x 4 1 15
2. 2 x12
3. 8
1
3
15 no solution c 11 x 5 x 4
2
3
3
x28
4. 5 2 3x 4 3
5. 8 2x 8 4
6. 2
5x46
4. 2x 1 4
5. 12 12 x
6. 0
4
95 no solution 12 x 6 x 7 x 14
3
20
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6x 3 6
7. 9 8. 4 5x 6 1
9. 2 5
7. 21 5x 4 0
8. 10 2x
5 x2 7x
9. 7x 9
3x 1
1 6
5 12.5 no solution x 1 x 8 x 3
2 5
3 2x 12
10. 4 12 2d 1
11. d
5 12. 4 b 2 10
b 3
2x 11
10. 4 2 10 11. 2
x 11 3x 6
x 2 9x 11
12. x1
8 14 3, 4 x 26 0 d 4 b 6
Chapter 7 50 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 51 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
A2-A26
A2-07-873977
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-7 Skills Practice 7-7 Practice
Chapter 7
Solving Radical Equations and Inequalities Solving Radical Equations and Inequalities
5/22/06
Solve each equation or inequality. Solve each equation or inequality.
1. x 5 25 2. x 3 7 16 1. x
8 64 2. 4 x 3 1
49 1
9:41 AM
1
3. 2p
3 10 4. 43h
20
1
2
2 12
3. 5j 1 4. v 1 0 no solution
25 1 1
5. c 2 6 9 9 6. 18 7h 2 12 no solution
1
3 3 5
5. 18 3y 2 25 no solution 6. 2w
4 32 d 2 7 341
7. w71 8
8.
Page A25
3 4
q 4 9 31
9. 6 y 9 4 0 no solution
10.
Lesson 7-7
b 5 4 21
7. 3n 1
8. 5 8
3 63
11. 6 16 0 131
2m 12.
4m
1 22
4
3
3r 6 3 11
9. 3p 7
10. 2 6 3 7 3
8n 5
13. 12 14.
1 4t 8 6
4 4
1
41
1
Answers
5 15.
2t 5 3 3 16. (7v 2) 4 12 7 no solution
k 4 1 5 40
11. 12. (2d 3) 3 2 2
2
1 1
A25
17. (3g 1) 2 6 4 33 18. (6u 5) 3 2 3 20
1 1
13. (t 3) 3 2 11 14. 4 (1 7u) 3 0 9
2d 5
19. d1 4
20.
4r 6 r 2
7
21. 2x 10
6x 4 22. 2x 1 no solution
2x 5
15. z 4 no solution
3z 2 16. 2g 7
g 1 8 2
(Lesson 7-7)
23. 3a
12 a 16 24.
z 5 4 13 5 z 76
17. x 1 no solution
x 1 4 s36 3
18. 5 s 4 3
25. 8 2q
5 no solution 2a 3
26. 5 a 14
2
3
3x 3
19. 2 7 1 x 26 2a 4
20. 6 2 a 16 c46 c
27. 9 5 x1
28. 2 x 7
29. STATISTICS Statisticians use the formula v to calculate a standard deviation ,
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1 where v is the variance of a data set. Find the variance when the standard deviation
4r 3
21. 2 10 r 7 3x 1
22. 4 3 x 0
3 is 15. 225
30. GRAVITATION Helena drops a ball from 25 feet above a lake. The formula
3 1
y433 y
23. 32 24. 3
11r
3 15 r 2 25 h
t describes the time t in seconds that the ball is h feet above the water.
11 4
How many feet above the water will the ball be after 1 second? 9 ft
Chapter 7 52 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 53 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
A2-A26
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
7-7 Word Problem Practice 7-7 Enrichment
Chapter 7
A2-07-873977
Rational Equations and Inequalities
1. SIGNS A sign painter must spend 4. TETHERS A tether is being attached Truth Tables
2
to a 25-foot pole in such a way that
$8n 3 400 to make n signs. How many In mathematics, the basic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication,
x y 50. By the Pythagorean
signs can the painter make for $1200? 2 division, finding a root, and raising to a power. In logic, the basic operations
Theorem, the distance y x5 2 2.
1000 What must x be? are the following: not ( ), and ( ), or ( ), and implies (→).
5/22/06
If p and q are statements, then p means not p; q means not q; p q
2. LATERAL AREA The lateral area of a means p and q; p q means p or q; and p → q means p implies q. The
cone with base radius r and height h is operations are defined by truth tables. On the left below is the truth table for
given by the formula L rr 2 h2
. the statement p. Notice that there are two possible conditions for p, true (T)
or false (F). If p is true, p is false; if p is false, p is true. Also shown are the
9:41 AM
A cone has a lateral area of 65 square
units and a base radius of 5 units. 25 ft
truth tables for p q, p q, and p → q.
y
p p p q p q p q p q p q p→q
Lesson 7-7
T F T T T T T T T T T
F T T F F T F T T F F
F T F F T T F T T
Page A26
h
F F F F F F F F T
x
18.75 ft You can use this information to find out under what conditions a complex
r
statement is true.
Answers
RANGE For Exercises 5 and 6, use the
What is the height of the cone? following information. Example Under what conditions is p q true?
A26
12 units
An asteroid is passing near Earth. If Earth Create the truth table for the statement. Use the information from the truth
is located at the origin of a coordinate table above for p q to complete the last column.
plane, the path that the asteroid will trace
3. ORIGAMI Georgia wants to fold a 17
out is given by y , x 0. One unit p q p p q
square piece of paper into an equilateral x
triangle. She wants to locate the T T F T When one statement is
corresponds to one million miles. Carl learns
distance x up the side of the square T F F F true and one is false,
that he will be able to see the asteroid with
(Lesson 7-7)
where she can make the fold indicated F T T T the conjunction is true.
his telescope when the asteroid is within
by the dashed line in the figure so that F F T T
145
million miles of Earth.
a b. From geometry class, she knows 12 The truth table indicates that p q is true in all cases except where p is true
that a 1 x2 and b 2 (1 x). and q is false.
5. Write an expression that gives the
So the equation she must solve is
2
distance of the asteroid from Earth as a
1 x 2 (1 x). What is x? function of x. Use truth tables to determine the conditions under which each statement is true.
289 1. p q 2. p → (p → q)
x2
b
1111
x2 all except where both all
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
45˚
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6. For what values of x will the asteroid be
p and q are true
in range of Carl’s telescope? 3. (p q) ( p q) 4. (p → q) (q → p)
a
x all all
17
x 12
1 12
5. (p → q) (q → p) 6. ( p q) → (p q)
2 3
both p and q are true; all
both p and q are false
Chapter 7 54 Glencoe Algebra 2 Chapter 7 55 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
A27-A37 A2-07-873977 5/22/06 12:14 PM Page 27
Chapter 7 Assessment Answer Key
Quiz 1 (Lessons 7–1 through 7–2) Quiz 3 (Lessons 7–5 and 7–6) Mid-Chapter Test
Page 59 Page 60 Page 61
x 2 x 6; 10x
1. D
x 2 5x 2; 2x
1.
2x 3 2x 2 8x 8;
x 2 3x 2 3m 2 n 3 2m
4 ; x 2
2x
2. F
1. 2.
3. 39
14 3 2
{(2, 4), (3, 8), (4, 3), (8, 4)};
2. {(2, 5), (4, 2), (5, 4)} 4. 12 2
35
x 2 6x 7; B
x 2 2x 5 5. 11 115
3.
3.
7 3
6
5
6. H
4.
4. 28; 122 8 8
{(5, 2), (4, 0), 7. x 5 or (x
)5
5. (8, 1), (7, 4)}
3 5. A
Quiz 2 (Lessons 7–3 and 7–4) 8. 2z 5
Page 59 1
J
6
6.
9 4
1. D: x 3; R: y 0
y 10. D
7. B
3x 2 4x 9;
8. 12x 27x
Quiz 4 (Lesson 7–7) 3 2
Page 60 x 8
O x
9. p1(x) 4
1. no solution 4.116
10.
5 1
2. D: x 2; R: y 0 2. 2
x 2
f (x ) 1
3
11. f 1(x) 4
3. 64
f (x )
O x
f -2 (x)
4. x2
O x
5. no solution
f(x)
3. 3w 3y 2
Answers
4. 3.826 12. yes
x 3
5. 5
(continued on the next page)
Chapter 7 A27 Glencoe Algebra 2
A27-A37 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 8:55 AM Page 28
Chapter 7 Assessment Answer Key
Vocabulary Test Form 1
Page 62 Page 63 Page 64
1. one-to-one 1. A 10. J
2. square root
2. H A
3. composition of 11.
functions
4. extraneous solution 3. B J
12.
5. radical inequalities
6. conjugates 4. J 13. C
7. principal root
8. radical equations 14. G
5. D
9. inverse function
10. rationalizing the 15. B
denominator
11. Sample answer: 6. F 16. J
Two radical
expressions are
called like radical
expressions if both
the indices and the 17. B
radicands are alike.
12. Sample answer: The
inverse relation is 18. F
the set of ordered 7. D
pairs obtained by
reversing the
coordinates of each 19. C
ordered pair in a
relation.
20. J
8. F
B: 4x 3
9. A
Chapter 7 A28 Glencoe Algebra 2
A27-A37 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 8:55 AM Page 29
Chapter 7 Assessment Answer Key
Form 2A Form 2B
Page 65 Page 66 Page 67 Page 68
1. D 11. D 11. A
1. C
2. F 12. H 12. H
2. J
13. A 13. B
3. C
3. B
14. H J
14.
4. G D
15. C
15.
4. H
5. B
5. A
16. J
16. H
6. H
17. D 6. J
17. A
7. A 18. J D
7.
18. F
8. J
A 8. H
19.
19. C
9. C
9. A
10. G
Answers
20. G 10. J
20. J
B: 2
3B: 3
Chapter 7 A29 Glencoe Algebra 2
A27-A37 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 8:55 AM Page 30
Chapter 7 Assessment Answer Key
Form 2C
Page 69 Page 70
1. x 3 7x 2 4x 28 12. 47.693 in.
2. 2
3. 2x 2 1
1 3
1 (x) x 2
4. f 5 13. 2m 5
1
6
5. yes 14. x 6 or x
D: x 4 15. 21
6. R: y 0
y
16. y7
O x
17. 20 ft/s
6
7. y 3
18.
3
19. 24rs units2
2
O x
20. 2.5 cm
2
7
8.
B: 2
9. 7 x 3 y 2
3
10. 2a2b
3b2
11. 5
18 2 3
Chapter 7 A30 Glencoe Algebra 2
A27-A37 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 8:55 AM Page 31
Chapter 7 Assessment Answer Key
Form 2D
Page 71 Page 72
1. x 3 6x 2 4x 24 12. 40.406 in.
2. 4
3. x 2 6x 5
1 2
g1 (x) 2x 2 5x 3
4. 13.
5. yes 1
10
14. x 10 or x
D: x 2
6. R: y 0
15. 8
y
16. t1
O x
7. y
17. 7 ft/s
15
18. 5
O x 4
19. 10rs 5units2
3 20. 3.30 cm
8. 5
B: 4
9. 2 x y 2
3
10. 4a 2b 2
b
Answers
Chapter 7 A31 Glencoe Algebra 2
A27-A37 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 8:55 AM Page 32
Chapter 7 Assessment Answer Key
Form 3
Page 73 Page 74
1. x 2 2x 12. 5.760 m
2. 27x 3 9x 2 3x 1
3. 960 9
13. 2x 4y
5x 6
h1(x) 2
4.
5 33
14.
5. yes
15. 565
D: x 4
R: y 2 16. 2 x 2
6.
y
17. 3
x
O x
457
units2
18. 4
7. y
19. 10 units
x
O
8. 2x 5
9. 3x 2y
20. 147 pounds
3
10. xy 2
x 2y
B: 283
96
11. 95
415
Chapter 7 A32 Glencoe Algebra 2
A27-A37 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 8:55 AM Page 33
Chapter 7 Assessment Answer Key
Page 75, Extended-Response Test
Scoring Rubric
Score General Description Specific Criteria
4 Superior • Shows thorough understanding of the concepts of
A correct solution that operations with functions; finding the inverse of a function;
is supported by well- operations with radical expressions; and solving equations
developed, accurate and inequalities containing radicals.
explanations • Uses appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are correct.
• Written explanations are exemplary.
• Diagrams are accurate and appropriate.
• Goes beyond requirements of some or all problems.
3 Satisfactory • Shows an understanding of the concepts of operations
A generally correct solution, with functions; finding the inverse of a function; operations
but may contain minor flaws with radical expressions; and solving equations and
in reasoning or computation inequalities containing radicals.
• Uses appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are mostly correct.
• Written explanations are effective.
• Diagrams are mostly accurate and appropriate.
• Satisfies all requirements of problems.
2 Nearly Satisfactory • Shows an understanding of most of the concepts of
A partially correct operations with polynomials; operations with radical
interpretation and/or expressions; and solving equations and inequalities
solution to the problem containing radicals.
• May not use appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are mostly correct.
• Written explanations are satisfactory.
• Diagrams are mostly accurate.
• Satisfies the requirements of most of the problems.
1 Nearly Unsatisfactory • Final computation is correct.
A correct solution with no • No written explanations or work is shown to substantiate
supporting evidence or the final computation.
explanation • Diagrams may be accurate but lack detail or explanation.
• Satisfies minimal requirements of some of the problems.
0 Unsatisfactory • Shows little or no understanding of most of the concepts
An incorrect solution of operations with functions; finding the inverse of a
indicating no mathematical function; operations with radical expressions; and solving
understanding of the equations and inequalities containing radicals.
concept or task, or no • Does not use appropriate strategies to solve problems.
solution is given • Computations are incorrect.
• Written explanations are unsatisfactory.
• Diagrams are inaccurate or inappropriate.
• Does not satisfy requirements of problems.
Answers
• No answer may be given.
Chapter 7 A33 Glencoe Algebra 2
A27-A37 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 8:55 AM Page 34
Chapter 7 Assessment Answer Key
Page 75, Extended-Response Test
Sample Answers
In addition to the scoring rubric found on page A33, the following sample answers
may be used as guidance in evaluating open-ended assessment items.
1a. Student responses should indicate that 3a. Students should replace a and b with
the monthly profit for each company positive integers.
depends on the number of sleds sold; Sample answer: y 3x .4
one company may have a greater profit 3b. Check that students’ graphs are the
for a given number of sleds, but the graphs of the square root function
other company may have the greater from part a. For the sample function
profit for a different number of sleds. in a, the graph is shown below.
1b. Student responses may vary but must y
be between 2 and 50. For a response of
x 10 sleds, the A-Glide Company
would earn a profit of 3(10)
19 7
hundred dollars, or $700, while 3x 4
y
SnowFun would earn a profit of
O x
3 2(10)
7.47 hundred dollars, or
$747.
1c. Students should indicate that Mark’s 3c. Students should state the domain and
decision to work for A-Glide means that range for the function they wrote in
A-Glide has the greater monthly profit
part a. For the sample function, the
for the number of sleds sold by each 4
domain is x 3 , the range is y 0.
company, so
The y-intercept is 2 and the x-intercept
3x
9 1 3 2x. The solution of 4
is
3.
this inequality is {xx 2 or x 50}
which means that A-Glide’s profits are 3d. Students should replace the equals
greater than SnowFun’s profits during a sign in the function they wrote in part
month that one sled or more than 50 a with one of the following: , , , .
sleds are sold. For the sample function in a:
y 3x . 4
2a. Sample answers: For g(x) x 1 and
3e. Students should indicate that the
h(x) x2, the answers would be: curve in the graph of their inequality
2x 4; 9a2; x2 x 1; 1 x x2; will be the same as the curve in
2
x3 x2; x for x 1; x2 2x 1; the graph of their function, if the
x1 inequality is or , the curve will
x2 1; 16; x 1. be a solid line, if the inequality is
2b. Students should show that, for their or the curve will be a broken
functions g(x) and g1(x), g1 g(x) x. line. The graph of the inequality will
Students should then indicate that also be shaded either above or below
the graphs of inverse functions are the curve. For the sample inequality
reflections of one another over the line in part d: the graph will be a solid line
y x. and shaded below the curve and to the
4
right of x 3.
Chapter 7 A34 Glencoe Algebra 2
A27-A37 A2-07-873977 5/23/06 7:54 AM Page 35
Chapter 7 Assessment Answer Key
Standardized Test Practice
Page 76 Page 77
1. A B C D
11. A B C D
2. F G H J
12. F G H J
3. A B C D
13. A B C D
4. F G H J 14. F G H J
5. A B C D
15. A B C D
6. F G H J
16. F G H J
7. A B C D
17. 9 .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8. F G H J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
9. A B C D 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9
18. . 0 5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10. F G H J
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Answers
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Chapter 7 A35 Glencoe Algebra 2
A27-A37 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 8:55 AM Page 36
Chapter 7 Assessment Answer Key
Standardized Test Practice
Page 78
s amount invested
19. in stock: 0.07s 0.05
(10,000 s) 550;
at least $2500
consistent and
20. dependent
A'(4, 6), B'(7, 0),
21. C'(1, 2)
22. (3, 5)
23. (2n 5)2
24. x 13
x 1
f (x )
25.
O x
(4, 0) (2, 0)
f(x) x 2 2x 8
(1, 9)
26. x2 x 6 0
27. 278
28a. 3x 8y 2
28b. x 4 y 13
28c. 5x y x y 13
4 4
Chapter 7 A36 Glencoe Algebra 2
A27-A37 A2-07-873977 5/18/06 8:55 AM Page 37
Chapter 7 Assessment Answer Key
Unit 2 Test
Page 79 Page 80
1. 8x 2 5x 6 18. (3, 5); x 3; up
2. 245x 5
19. y 4(x 1) 3
2
3. 4x 2 12x 9 y
6y 9
4y 2 20.
4. x 5
5. 4 x y 2 O x
6. 12
73 2
21. 216
1 7
7. 1
0
1
0i f (x )
22.
3
8.
2x 2 3x 4
x1
9
9. m
7
O x
10. 2 x 1
11. f (x ) Sample answer:
x2
rel. max at x 2 and
x 1, rel. min. at x 0
f(x) x 2 4x 3 (2, 1)
23. 10, 10;
2,
O x 2
(0, 3)
24. 86
12. 75 m 25. x 2; x 5
26. 3 or 1; 0; 2 or 0
between 1
13. and 0; 2 1 5
27. 1, 3, 5, 15, 3 , 3
14. {4, 6} 51; 57
28.
A
x2
15. 4x 13x 12 0
2 f 1(x) 7
29.
y
Answers
30.
1 i 95
16. 12
17. 0; 1 real root O x
Chapter 7 A37 Glencoe Algebra 2
You might also like
- (Ebooks PDF) Download Holt McDougal Geometry Student Edition 2012 Holt Mcdougal Full Chapters100% (15)(Ebooks PDF) Download Holt McDougal Geometry Student Edition 2012 Holt Mcdougal Full Chapters70 pages
- Homework Practice Workbook Geometry Glencoe Mcgraw Hill100% (1)Homework Practice Workbook Geometry Glencoe Mcgraw Hill7 pages
- Final Exam Study Guide - Algebra I Honors - Spring 2014 QuestionsNo ratings yetFinal Exam Study Guide - Algebra I Honors - Spring 2014 Questions11 pages
- Dokumen - Tips Chapter 4 Resource Masterswwwbcitcccmslib04nj03000372centricitydomain15044pdfpdfNo ratings yetDokumen - Tips Chapter 4 Resource Masterswwwbcitcccmslib04nj03000372centricitydomain15044pdfpdf120 pages
- Answers (Anticipation Guide and Lesson 3-1) : PDF PassNo ratings yetAnswers (Anticipation Guide and Lesson 3-1) : PDF Pass30 pages
- Literal Equations and Dimensional AnalysisNo ratings yetLiteral Equations and Dimensional Analysis2 pages
- Lesson 4.9 - Comparing and Ordering Rational Numbers100% (2)Lesson 4.9 - Comparing and Ordering Rational Numbers22 pages
- Joshua Suen - F22 Int Math 2 CP Module 5 RSGNo ratings yetJoshua Suen - F22 Int Math 2 CP Module 5 RSG11 pages
- Teachers Resource Chapter 3 Number Relationships SampleNo ratings yetTeachers Resource Chapter 3 Number Relationships Sample94 pages
- Glencoe - California Math Triumphs Volume 3 Ratios Rates and Percents Teacher Wraparound Edition (2008, McGraw-Hill) - Libgen - LiNo ratings yetGlencoe - California Math Triumphs Volume 3 Ratios Rates and Percents Teacher Wraparound Edition (2008, McGraw-Hill) - Libgen - Li73 pages
- Algebra 2 (Honors) First Semester Final: X X X XNo ratings yetAlgebra 2 (Honors) First Semester Final: X X X X12 pages
- 8 Grade Math The Number System CCSS "I Can" StatementsNo ratings yet8 Grade Math The Number System CCSS "I Can" Statements79 pages
- Lesson 2.7 - Problem Solving - Look For A PatternNo ratings yetLesson 2.7 - Problem Solving - Look For A Pattern15 pages
- 11 Whole Numbers: Mental Arithmetic and EstimationNo ratings yet11 Whole Numbers: Mental Arithmetic and Estimation8 pages
- Geometry Reviewed: This Page May Need To Be For QualityNo ratings yetGeometry Reviewed: This Page May Need To Be For Quality4 pages
- Teacher and Student On-Line Access Codes 2011-2012No ratings yetTeacher and Student On-Line Access Codes 2011-20123 pages
- The Ultimate Career Toolkit : A Step-by-Step Guide to Landing Your Dream JobFrom EverandThe Ultimate Career Toolkit : A Step-by-Step Guide to Landing Your Dream JobNo ratings yet
- NT2S-SF121B-E & NT2S-SF122B-E: Quick Start GuideNo ratings yetNT2S-SF121B-E & NT2S-SF122B-E: Quick Start Guide31 pages
- IEEE Standard For Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers, Acronyms, and Contact DesignationsNo ratings yetIEEE Standard For Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers, Acronyms, and Contact Designations62 pages
- Training and Event Management Configuration - PackthubNo ratings yetTraining and Event Management Configuration - Packthub30 pages
- MATH 120 Calculus of Functions of Several Variables (2020-1)No ratings yetMATH 120 Calculus of Functions of Several Variables (2020-1)2 pages
- Download Chaotic Dynamics Fractals Tilings and Substitutions 1st Edition Geoffrey R. Goodson ebook All Chapters PDF100% (9)Download Chaotic Dynamics Fractals Tilings and Substitutions 1st Edition Geoffrey R. Goodson ebook All Chapters PDF33 pages
- learning_target_2-2_-_transformations_-_workbookNo ratings yetlearning_target_2-2_-_transformations_-_workbook53 pages
- M12502-Industrial Management Model Question Paper: PSG Polytechnic College, Coimbatore - 641 004No ratings yetM12502-Industrial Management Model Question Paper: PSG Polytechnic College, Coimbatore - 641 0042 pages
- 2025 CNY Education Course Program For Pre-University MathematicsNo ratings yet2025 CNY Education Course Program For Pre-University Mathematics3 pages