ADVERBS The kinds of adverbs ADVERBS OF MANNER

 Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object. "The manner adverb has the most characteristic adverbial form (an -ly ending added to a descriptive adjective)."

Examples:
y y y y y y

He swims well, (after the main verb) He ran... rapidly, slowly, quickly.. She spoke... softly, loudly, aggressively.. James coughed loudly to attract her attention. He plays the flute beautifully. (after the object) He ate the chocolate cake greedily.

BE CAREFUL!
The adverb should not be put between the verb and the object:

Examples
y y

He ate greedily the chocolate cake [incorrect] He ate the chocolate cake greedily [correct]

 If there is a preposition before the object, e.g. at, towards, we can place the adverb either before the preposition or after the object.

Examples
y y

The child ran happily towards his mother. The child ran towards his mother happily.

 Sometimes an adverb of manner is placed before a verb + object to add emphasis:

Examples

He gently woke the sleeping woman.

 Some writers put an adverb of manner at the beginning of the sentence to catch our attention and make us curious:

Examples
y

Slowly she picked up the knife.

 (We want to know what happened slowly, who did it slowly, why they did it slowly) However, adverbs should always come AFTER intransitive verbs (=verbs which have no object).

Examples
y y

The town grew quickly He waited patiently

Also, these common adverbs are almost always placed AFTER the verb:
y y y y

well badly hard fast

 The position of the adverb is important when there is more than one verb in a sentence. If the adverb is placed after a clause, then it modifies the whole action described by the clause.
Notice the difference in meaning between the following pairs of sentences:
y y y y

She quickly agreed to re-type the letter (= her agreement was quick) She agreed to re-type the letter quickly (= the re-typing was quick) He quietly asked me to leave the house (= his request was quiet) He asked me to leave the house quietly (= the leaving was quiet)
If adjectuve ends -l the adverbs ends -ly ; example: careful-carefully. If adjectuve ends -y the adverbs ends -ily ; example: lucky-luckily If adjectuve ends -ble the adverbs ends -bly ; example: responsible-responsibly

If the adjective ends in -le, the adverb ends in -ly. Example: terrible - terribly If the adjective ends in -e, then add -ly. Example: safe - safely Tip: Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs. adjectives ending in -ly: friendly, silly, lonely, ugly nouns, ending in -ly: ally, bully, Italy, melancholy verbs, ending in -ly: apply, rely, supply

ADVERBS OF TIME

 Adverbs of time tell us when an action happened, but also for how long, and how often
"These adverbs have a fixed boundary in time--yesterday, today, tomorrow. Most of these words have noun form and some may be used in plural form--saturdays, nights.".

Examples
y y y

When: today, yesterday, later, now, last year For how long: all day, not long, for a while, since last year How often: sometimes, frequently, never, often, yearly

 "When" adverbs are usually placed at the end of the sentence:

Examples
y y

Goldilocks went to the Bears' house yesterday. I'm going to tidy my room tomorrow.

 This is a "neutral" position, but some "when" adverbs can be put in other positions to give a different emphasis
Compare:

y y

Later Goldilocks ate some porridge. (the time is more important) Goldilocks later ate some porridge. (this is more formal, like a policeman's report) Goldilocks ate some porridge later. (this is neutral, no particular emphasis)

 "For how long" adverbs are usually placed at the end of the sentence:
Examples
y y

She stayed in the Bears' house all day. My mother lived in France for a year.

Notice: 'for' is always followed by an expression of duration:

Examples
y y y y

for for for for

three days, a week, several years, two centuries.

'since' is always followed by an expression of a point in time:

Examples
y y y

since Monday, since 1997, since the last war.

 "How often" adverbs expressing the frequency of an action are usually placed before the main verb but after auxiliary verbs (such as be, have, may, must):
Examples
y y y y

I often eat vegetarian food. (before the main verb) He never drinks milk. (before the main verb) You must always fasten your seat belt. (after the auxiliary must) She is never sea-sick.(after the auxiliary is)

I have never forgotten my first kiss. (after the auxiliary have and before the main verb forgotten)

 Some other "how often" adverbs express the exact number of times an action happens and are usually placed at the end of the sentence:
Examples
y y

This magazine is published monthly. He visits his mother once a week.

 When a frequency adverb is placed at the end of a sentence it is much stronger.

Compare:
y y

She regularly visits France. She visits France regularly.

Adverbs that can be used in these two positions:

y y y y y y y y

frequently, generally, normally, occasionally, often, regularly, sometimes, usually

'Yet' and 'still'  Yet is used in questions and in negative sentences, and is placed at the end of

the sentence or after not.

Examples
y

y y

Have you finished your work yet? (= a simple request for information) No, not yet. (= simple negative answer) They haven't met him yet. (= simple negative statement) Haven't you finished yet? (= expressing slight surprise)

 Still expresses continuity; it is used in positive sentences and questions, and is

placed before the main verb and after auxiliary verbs (such as be, have, might, will)
Examples
y y y y

I am still hungry. She is still waiting for you Are you still here? Do you still work for the BBC?

 ORDER OF ADVERBS OF TIME

If you need to use more than one adverb of time at the end of a sentence, use them in this order: 1: 'how long' 2: 'how often' 3: 'when' (think of 'low')

Example:
y y y y

1 + 2 : I work (1) for five hours (2) every day 2 + 3 : The magazine was published (2) weekly (3) last year. 1 + 3 : I was abroad (1) for two months (3) last year. 1 + 2 + 3 : She worked in a hospital (1) for two days (2) every week (3) last year.

ADVERBS OF PLACE
 Adverbs of place tell us where something happens. They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object:
"Among the adverbs of place and direction may be included some prepositional forms appearing after the verb--He came in; They walked down.

Examples:
after the main verb:

y y y y

I looked everywhere John looked away, up, down, around... I'm going home, out, back Come in

after the object:

y y

They built a house nearby She took the child outside

 Common Adverbs of Place

'Here' and 'there' With verbs of movement, here means towards or with the speaker:
y y

Come here (= towards me) It's in here (= come with me to see it)

There means away from, or not with the speaker:

y y

Put it there (= away from me) It's in there (= go by yourself to see it)

Here and there are combined with prepositions to make many common adverbial phrases: down here, down there; over here, over there; under here, under there; up here, up there Here and there are placed at the beginning of the sentence in exclamations or when emphasis is needed. They are followed by the verb if the subject is a noun:
y

Here comes the bus. (followed by the verb)

Or by a pronoun if this is the subject (it, she, he etc.):

y y

Here it is! (followed by the pronoun) There she goes! (followed by the pronoun)

NOTE: most common adverbs of place also function as prepositions.

Examples:
about, across, along, around, behind, by, down, in, off, on, over, round, through, under, up. Go to Prepositions or Phrasal Verbs Other adverbs of place: ending in '-wards', expressing movement in a particular direction: backwards forwards downwards upwards inwards outwards northwards southwards eastwards westwards homewards onwards

Examples:
y y

Cats don't usually walk backwards. The ship sailed westwards.

BE CAREFUL! 'Towards' is a preposition, not an adverb, so it is always followed by a noun or a pronoun: y He walked towards the car. y She ran towards me. expressing both movement and location: ahead, abroad, overseas, uphill, downhill, sideways, indoors, outdoors

Examples:
y y

The child went indoors. He lived and worked abroad.

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