GROUP 3

presentation
PARTS
CH
OF
SP EE
 NOUN

PRONOUN ADJECTIVE

ADVERB VERB

CONJUNCTION PREPOSITION

INTERJUNCTIONS
what is an adverb?
ADVERB
Is a word that modifies or describes a verb,
an adjective, another adverb, or a whole
sentence.
Adverbs can also modify entire sentences
and answers the questions How? Where?
When? Why? To what extent? and On what
condition?
 ADVERB
v
Modifying a verb: Rochel dances
adv.
gracefully.

Modifying an adverb: She finished adv.

her adv.
assignment too hastily.
adv.
Modifying an adjective: The place is unusually
adj.
quiet.
A. Suffixes
-Adverbs are usually formed by adding the suffix -ly to
the adjective.
Example:

Angry → Angrily
Fluent → Fluently
Haste → Hastily
B. Intensifiers
-tells us the extent of action or degree.
Example of words are:

Extremely Really Fairly

Hardly So Too
Unusually Exceptionally Very
Adverbs answer the questions how, how often, when,
where, or to what extent.
Examples:
a. Claire dances gracefully. (How)
How does Claire dance? Gracefully
b. She lives next door. (Where)
Where does she live? Next Door
c. Aaron always buys some candies. (How often)
How often do Aaron buys a candy? Always
C. Degrees of comparison of adverbs
Adverbs form their degree of comparison similar to
adjectives, but you add -ly to the main word when you
use more and most.
Examples:

Positive Comparative Superlative

hurriedly more hurriedly most hurriedly
slowly more slowly most slowly
5 types of adverbs
1. Adverbs of Manner
-describes how an action is performed.
-examples of words are: quickly, slowly, carefully, and easily.
For example:
“He ran quickly.”

2. Adverbs of time
-is a type of adverb that provides information about when an
action occurs.
-examples of words are: now, then, today, yesterday, ago,
already, last month, yet, and later.
For example:
“I went to Los Angeles yesterday.”
3. Adverbs of PLACE
-indicates where an action occurs.
-examples of words are: above, below, inside, outside, near
and, nowhere.
For example:
“The balloon floated up above the clouds.”

4. Adverbs of frEquency
-tells us how often something happens.
-examples of words are: always, often, sometimes, rarely,
seldom, and usually.

For example:
“She always wakes up early.”
5. Adverbs of Degree
-also known as intensifiers, are words that modify
adjectives, verb, or other adverbs to indicate the level or
extent of something.
-examples of words are: very, quite, too, strongly, and highly.

For example:
“She is very happy.”
Common mistakes
Mistake 1 - Confusing Adjectives and
Adverbs
Example:
Incorrect: She runs quick.
Correct: She runs quickly.

Mistake 2 - Misplacing Adverbs

Example:
Incorrect: She almost drove her kids to school every day.
Correct: She drove her kids to school almost every day.
Mistake 3 - Overusing of Adverbs
Example:
Incorrect: She very quickly and quietly and carefully
tiptoed across the room.
Correct: She carefully tiptoed across the room.
short game
1. She speaks slowly.
2. I’ll do my homework later.
3. The painting looks magnificent above the fireplace.
4. He mostly talks about cars and technologies.
5. The show was enormously popular.
CONJUNCTIONS:
TYPES, USAGE, and
EXAMPLES
CONJUNCTIONS
connecting words
it allows you to connect words, phrases,
clauses, and sentences together to form
a more complex sentence
examples of
common conjunctions
and since
but during
or than
so unless
because that
however while
after
types of conjunctions
Coordinating conjunction
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
COORDINATING CONJUNCTION
it connects two or more equal
grammatical elements
EXAMPLES:
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
examples:
Everyone sang and danced.
He might have gone to the park, or he
may have returned home.
Michael is not ready for the surgery.
Sheena is neither tall nor short.
 types of COORDINATING
CONJUNCTION

Cumulative Coordinating Conjunction

Alternative Coordinating Conjunction
Adversative Coordinating Conjunction
Illative Coordinating Conjunction
cumulative coordinating CONJUNCTION
is used to add a statement, a phrase or a
word to another.
EXAMPLE:

I went to buy groceries and my brother went to the clinic.

alternative coordinating CONJUNCTION
is used to present or link alternative ideas or
objects. It can also be used to list different options
in order to provide a choice between them.

EXAMPLE:

Do you want noodles or pasta for breakfast?

adversative coordinating CONJUNCTION
is used to denote contrasting ideas or opposing
statements.

EXAMPLES:
We finally reached the restaurant but we were not hungry
anymore.
Latha was sick, yet she went to work.
illative coordinating CONJUNCTION
is used to indicate an observation or inference.

EXAMPLES:
I cannot go out as planned for it is raining heavily.
I had to buy some groceries so I went to the supermarket.
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION
it is used to connect a subordinate clause

EXAMPLES:
after, although, as, as if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as
though, because, before, by the time, even if, even though, if, in
order that, in case, in the event that, lest, now that, once, only,
only if, provided that, since, so, supposing, that, than, though, till,
unless, until, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, whether
or not, while
examples:
Unless you submit all the supporting documents,
your application will not be processed.
I was not able to go to the hospital because it was
raining heavily.
When I reached the railway station, I found out
that the train had already left.
Although we had parked in the parking lot, the
traffic police issued us a parking ticket.
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION
pairs of conjunctions that work together

EXAMPLES:
both/and, either/or, neither/nor, not only/but, whether/or
examples:
Either you learn how to do it or you will have to
face the consequences.
Neither did Rachel nor her friends make it to the
event.
Kian was saying that he is not sure whether he
should stay back tonight or leave home
immediately.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
transition words used to connect independent
clauses or sentences by showing the relationship
between them
EXAMPLES:
accordingly, additionally, after all, also, alternatively, anyway, as a
result, at the same time, besides, certainly, consequently,
conversely, finally, for example, for instance, furthermore, hence,
however, in addition, in conclusion, in fact, in the meantime,
indeed, instead, lately, likewise, meanwhile, moreover,
nevertheless, nonetheless, otherwise, similarly, therefore,
regardless
examples:
Our parents are coming home this weekend and,
furthermore, we will be going to Benguet.
The computer I am thinking of buying does not meet
my expectations; besides, it is very expensive.
It became too dark; therefore, we decided not to go
to the park.
Certainly, that was your responsibility.
 PREPOSITION:
Meaning, uses, types, and
examples.
 WHAT IS A PREPOSITION?
A preposition is a word which shows the
relationship of a noun or pronoun to the
other parts of speech in a sentence.

Example:
My parents left for Cebu last Sunday.
OBJECT OF PREPOSITION

A noun or pronoun that comes after a

preposition.

Example:
The man with the hat always dresses well.
USES OF PREPOSITION

Used to show the direction of something.

Refers to the time of something happening.
Used to denote the position or location of
an object.
Used to represent spatial relationships.
 TYPES OF PREPOSITION
Preposition of Time
To refer to one point in time. (in, on, at)

Example:
Let’s see each other on Friday.
The weather is cold in December.
He eats lunch at noon.
 TYPES OF PREPOSITION
Preposition of Place
To refer a place. (in, on, at, inside)
To refer to an object higher/lower than a point.
(above, below, over, under)
Example:
The pen is inside the drawer.
The pen is above the drawer.
 TYPES OF PREPOSITION
Preposition of Direction
Movement towards a specific location. (to, into,
towards, onto, across)

Example:
She walked into the room.
He lives across the street.
 TYPES OF PREPOSITION
Preposition of Location
To refer to a location. (in - an area or volume, at -
a point, on - a surface)
Example:
They live in a country. (an area)
She will find him at the library. (a point)
There is a lot of dirt on the window. (a surface)
 TYPES OF PREPOSITION
Prepositions of Spatial Relationship
Indicate a position of something relative to
another object without implying movement.
(above, across, behind, below, beneath, beside,
between, through, toward, under)

Example:
The children are hiding behind the tree.
Prepositions Following Verbs and
Adjectives
Some verbs and adjectives are followed by a
certain preposition.

1. At - arrive (a building or event), smile, look.

Example: He arrived at the airport.

 Prepositions Following Verbs and
Adjectives
2. In - occur, result, succeed.
Example: She will succeed in completing her degree.

3. On - concentrate, depend, insist

Example: I must insist on following this rule.
 Prepositions Following Verbs and
Adjectives
4. For - account, allow, search
Example: They are searching for the missing dog.

5. To - belong, contribute, refer, lead

Example: Bears belong to the family of mammals.
 Prepositions Following Verbs and
Adjectives
6. With - (dis)agree, argue, deal
Example: I disagree with you.
Some Common Adjective + Preposition Combinations

To From At By In For With

Dissapointed

Good

Happy

Employed

Different
 In vs. On vs. At
Prepositions of Place

IN ON AT

Used to show general Used to refer to more

locations. (cities, specific locations. Used to refer to very
countries, places with (street, avenue, specific locations.
boundaries) surface, vehicles)

Example: My bag is on Example: Mary is at

Example: I live in Iloilo.
the table. home right now
 In vs. On vs. At
Prepositions of Time

IN ON AT

Describes general Used to refer dates,

Used to denote very
timings. (months, years, days of the week, days
specific time, times of
centuries, and parts of of the month, and
the day.
days. holidays.

Example: I can’t wait to

Example: She was born Example: We are going
go home on Christmas
in 2005. to meet at 7 a.m.
day.
 To vs. From

TO FROM

Used to denote the end of location. Used to denote the starting location.

Example: Hershey went to Paris with

Example: She came from Iloilo.
her family.
UNECESSARY PREPOSITIONS
If the preposition is unnecessary, leave it out.
This creates more clear and concise writing.

Example: Where are the plates at?

Revision: Where are the plates?

Example: She jumped off of the balance beam.

Revision: She jumped off the balance beam.
 References

https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/grammar/
prepositions
https://byjus.com/english/prepositions/#uses-of-prepositions
Subject-Verb
Agreement
Keep in mind
If the subject is singular, the
verb should be singular; if the
subject is plural, the verb
should be plural.
In English most nouns form their plurals by
adding an -s

Singular Add -s Plural

House Houses

Chair Chairs

Desk Desks

Car Cars

Book Books
But verbs do not form their plurals in the same way.

Singular Removes -s Plural

Comes Come

Runs Run

Sees See

Throws Throw

Jumps Jump
FOR EXAMPLE:
SINGULAR
The boy looks.

PLURAL
The boys look.
Words having an -s in the last syllable can
be misleading.

CORRECT SENTENCE
The scientist studies the problem every day.

INCORRECT SENTENCE
The scientist study the problem every day.
Words having an -s in the last syllable
can be misleading.
The verb can also have an s sound.

CORRECT SENTENCE
Quarterbacks risk their careers every
time they are tackled.

INCORRECT SENTENCE
The quarterback risk his career every
time he is tackled.
 RULES IN
SUBJECT-VERB
AGREEMENT
 A verb must agree with the subject in person
01. and in number. A plural subject must take a
plural verb. It is necessary that the verb follows
the person of the subject, whether it be the
first, second, or third person.

Example:

• Jerry is handsome.

• Christopher and Mylene are graceful dancers.

02. Singular indefinite pronouns must have a
singular verb.

Singular Indefinite Pronouns

anybody everyone no one each

everybody neither somebody either

anyone nobody one someone

Example:

• Everybody is happy.
• Every man and woman in this hall is a member.
• Nothing is impossible when you depend upon the Lord.
• Everything is provided for the test takers.
03. The following indefinite pronouns are always plural:
several, few, both, many, others.
Example:

• Several students are eager to start their project.

• Few are chosen for the outreach project of the company.
• Many trainers generated plans to ameliorate the standard
of the department.
04. The indefinite pronouns: some, most, all, none,
are singular or plural depending upon their
function or use in the sentence. When they refer
to a mass taken as a whole or as a group, they
are singular. When they refer to more than one
item, they are plural.
 Example:

• All of the boxes were packed. • Some of the cake is left.

(more than one- plural) (mass-singular )

• Most of the students were • All is ready for the grand

absent. concert.
(more than one- plural) (group-singular)
05. Two or more subjects joined by and require
a plural verb, except when they mean one
thing.

Example:

Joe and Jack are planning to attend a concert.

(refers to two persons)

My brother and friend is here to console me.

(refers to one person)
06. Two singular subjects joined by either/or or
neither/nor need a singular verb

Example:

Either Francis or John is going to fetch me.

Either mother or uncle is ready for the flight.

07. Plural subjects joined by either/or or
neither/nor need a plural verb.

Example:

Either the students or the teachers are joining the rally.

Neither the nurses nor the doctors are leaving for the
States.
 If there are two subjects, one singular and
08. the other one plural, are connected by
either/or neither/nor, the verb agrees with
the nearer subject.

Example:

Neither the leader nor the followers agree on the proposal.

Either the artists or the manager agrees to sign the

contract.
09. Words plural in form but singular in
meaning take a singular verb.

Example:

mathematics
Physics is an interesting subject.
statistics
genetics
Mumps is widely spread among
news
children in Negros.
mumps
physics
10. Nouns which come in "pairs" must have a
plural verb.

Example:

slacks
These pants are on sale.
scissors
pants
The scissors you bought are sharp.
suspenders
11. Collective nouns take a singular verb when
thought of as a unit.

swarm team committee group family jury

Example:

The team is protesting the unfair call of the referee.

The theater group presents the musical play Les

Meserables.
 - However a collective noun that refers to each and
every member of the group needs a plural verb.

Example:

The members of the team disagree on the venue of their

victory celebration.

The Selection Committee argue on the issues presented to

them by the company managers.
 12. A singular subject followed by intervening words
or phrases such as WITH, AS WELL AS, IN
ADDITION TO, ACCOMPANIED BY, TOGETHER
WITH, AND NO LESS THAN, takes a singular verb.
Example:

Daddy, as well as my brothers is enjoying the party.

Josh, accompanied by his sisters is enrolling in UP.

References
Domingo, E. S., Marohombsar, H. D., Arias, M., Tallorin, M. M., &
Lopez, M. (2004). Basic English for Nurses. Mandaluyong City:
Books Atbp. Publishing Corporation.

Selby, N., & Bledsoe, P. (2002). Essential College English: A

Grammar, Punctuation, and Writing Workbook. (6th Edition).
Longman, New York.