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    Experiment-3 - XII, 2024

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    Experiment-3 - XII, 2024

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    Original Title

    Experiment-3_XII, 2024 (2)

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    Experiment-3 - XII, 2024

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    Chemical Kinetics 2

    Experiment 2(a)
    Aim : To study the effect of concentration on the rate of the reaction between sodium thiosulphate
    and hydrochloric acid.
    Theory. The chemical reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid may be represented as
    toliows.

    Na,S,O, +2HCI 2NaCl + H,O+ SO, + S


    Sodium
    thiosulphate
    or S,0, 2 + 2H+ ’ H,0 + S0,+ S
    The fact that the rate of this reaction depends upon the concentrations of both the reactants viz., Na,S03
    and HCIcan be verified by performing experiments in which either the concentration of sodium thiosuiphate is
    changed keeping that of HCI constant or the vice versa. The insoluble sulphur formed during the reaction gives
    turbidity to the reaction mixture. Hence progress of the reaction can be studied by noting the increase in the
    turbidity of the reaction mixture with time.
    Apparatus.Five conical flasks (100 mL), pipettes (10 mL), stop watch, white tile, burette (50 mL).
    Chemicals and other materials. Dil. hydrochloric acid (1 M), sodium thiosulphate solution (0 1 M), distiled
    water and graph paper.
    Procedure.
    () Wash the conical flasks with water and label them as 1,2,3, 4 and 5 respectively.
    (in With the help of a burette add 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mL of 0-1 M Na,S,O, solution to the flasks 1, 2, 3, 4
    and 5 respectively.
    (ii) Now with the help of a burette add 40, 30, 20 and 10 mL of distilled water to the flask 1, 2, 3 and 4
    respectively so that volume of the solution in each flask is 50 mL.
    (iv) Pipette out 10 mL of ‘ M HCI into a test tube.
    () Add 10mL of hydrochloric acid taken in a test tube to the conical flask Fig. no. 21 containing 10 mL of
    0-1 MNa,S,Oa and 40 mL of distilled water in one lot and start the stop watch. Shake the contents of the
    conical flask and place it on the tile with a cross mark as shown in Fig. 2.1.
    See from here

    Na,S,O, sol. + HCI(aq)

    Cross mark
    X Paper or
    tile
    Tile or paper
    with crOSS mark

    Fig. 2.1. Study of rate of reaction between NaS,03 and dil. HCI
    () VieW the reaction mixture from top to downwards in the flask and stop the stop watch as S0on as the
    cross mark becomes invisible and note down the time taken. This is taken as the time required for the
    precipitation of sulphur.
    (vi) Repeat the experiment by adding 10 mL. of 1MHCI to flask 2,3, 4and 5and record the time taken in each
    case for the cross to become just invisible.
    (vi) Record your observationsin the tabulated from as shown in Table 2.1.
    Observations. Volume of 1M hydrochloric acid taken each time = 10 mL
    Flask Vol. of Na,S,0, Vol. of water in mL Total vol. of soln. Time taken for the
    No. in mL cross to become
    soln. in mL
    invisible (s)
    1. 10 40 50
    2. 20 30 50
    3. 30 20 50
    4. 40 10 50 ......... S
    5. 50 50 ........ ...S

    Plotting of graph. Plot a graph between 1/t (in s) and


    the volune of Na,S,O3 by taking 1/t along ordinate (Y-axis)
    and volume of Na,S,O, along atbscissa (X-axis). It should be
    straight upward sloping line (Fig. 2.2).
    Result From the graph, it is clear that 1/t is directly
    proportional to the volume of Na,S,O, solution. But 1/t is a
    direct measure of rate of reaction, therefore, rate of the
    reaction is directly proportional to the volume of Na,S,0,
    solution taken. Hence, the rate of this reaction is directly Conc. of Na,S,O
    proportional to the concentration of Na,S,O3, which is one of
    the reactants. Fig. 2.2.
    Precautions.
    () Theapparatus must be thoroughly clean.
    () Measure the volumes of sodium thiosulphate solution, hydrochloric acid and distilled water very
    accurately for each observation.
    (ii) Use the same tile with the same cross mark for each observation.
    (i) Complete the experiment at one time only sothat temperature variations (if any) do not affect the reaction
    rate.
    ( Start the stop watch as soon as half of the hydrochloric acid is added to sodium thiosulphate solution.
    (v) View the cross mark through the reaction mixture from top for all observations.

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