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    Physics Exp2

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    Physics Exp2

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    14 views4 pages

    Physics Exp2

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    rafiboss1234
    Physics Exp2

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    CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

    DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING,


    CHATTOGRAM-4349, BANGLADESH.
    COURSE NO.: EEE 112
    Experiment No. 2

    Verification of Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL), Voltage Divider Rule


    (VDR)

    Instructions:
     Revise the lecture notes on the topic KVL, KCL, VDR and CDR (Course code: EEE
    111).
     Read this laboratory manual carefully prior to start the laboratory class.
     DO NOT copy others.
     Submit your lab report before the roll call.
    Objectives:
    (a) Experimental Verification of Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) and Voltage Divider
    Rule (VDR).
    Required Instruments:
    1) Variable DC Power Supply
    2) Multi-meter/voltmeter
    3) Ammeter
    4) Resistors
    5) Connecting Wires
    6) Bread board
    Objective – (a):
    Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law: Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum of
    the voltage (V) drops across all the circuit elements in a loop is equal to the voltage supplied
    by the source. Alternatively, the algebraic sum of all the voltages in any closed path or mesh is
    equal to zero. In other words, the algebraic sum of the potential rises and drops around a closed
    loop (or path) is zero which can be described by the Fig. 1 –

    Figure – 1 Circuit diagram for KVL.


    In the mathematical form,

    ∑ = ∑

    That is, V4 = V1 + V2 + V3 or, V4 - V1 - V2 - V3 = 0.


    Voltage Divider Rule: The voltage is divided among the resistors connected in series in direct
    proportion to their resistance.

    Figure – 2 Circuit diagram for VDR.


    From the Fig. 2, the voltage drop across the resistor R2 can be determined by-
    V2 = (R2/Rs)*E, where Rs = R1 + R2
    The generalized mathematical expression can be expressed as follows-

    Where, Vx represents the voltage drop across Rx, Rx denotes the selected resistor where the
    voltage has to be measured, and Rs denotes the net resistance of the all the series connected
    resistors.
    Circuit Diagram:

    Figure – 3 Circuit diagram for the verification of KVL and VDR.


    Steps to follow:
    1. Connect the three resistors R1, R2 and R3 (you can choose other known resistors as well
    over the resistors shown in Fig. 2) in series with a variable DC power supply as shown
    in Fig. 3.
    2. Apply a constant DC voltage (preferably in the range of 0-15V) from the variable DC
    power supply.
    3. Take the readings of V1, V2 and V3 using a multi-meter or voltmeter and current (I)
    using an ammeter. Record the data in the Table 1.
    4. Repeat the steps 2 and 3 by varying the voltage from the DC power supply and record
    the data in the Table 1.
    5. Verify the KVL (E = V1 + V2 + V3) for each set of data.
    6. Again verify the VDR (Vx = (Rx/RT) *E for each set of data.
    Table 1 (experimental data).

    E = V1 +
    Rs =R1 +R2 Rs= E/I
    E V2 + V3
    No. of I V1 V2 V3 + R3 (ohms)
    (volts) (volts)
    Obs. (amps) (V) (V) (V) (ohms) (experime
    (Given) (experime
    (Theoretical) ntal)
    ntal)

    2
    3

    Reports:
    1. Provide the results in tabular form.
    2. Comment on the results and anomalies (if any).
    Home Task:
    Include the answers of the following questions in your lab report –
    1. State the rules of connecting ammeter and voltmeter in the circuit.
    2. If an ammeter is connected in parallel across an element, what could be the possible
    danger?
    3. “KVL is the restatement of the Law of the conservation of energy” – justify the
    statement.
    4. Why the rheostats have current ratings in addition to the resistance ratings?
    5. “KVL is applicable for open circuit too” – justify the statement.

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