STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

PROBLEM NO. 1
Steel railroad rails 10 meters long are laid with a clearance of 3 mm at a temperature of
15 degrees Centigrade. The modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa and the coefficient of linear
expansion is 11.7 x 10-6 /°C.

① At what temperature the rails will just touch?

② Determine the stress in the rails at 65°C.

𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐦 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐦 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐦
𝟑 𝐦𝐦 𝟑 𝐦𝐦
𝐚𝐭 𝟏𝟓°𝐂 𝐚𝐭 𝟏𝟓°𝐂
PROBLEM NO. 1
① At what temperature the rails will just touch?

𝜹𝑻 = 𝜶𝑳∆𝑻 = 𝜶𝑳 𝑻𝒇 − 𝑻𝒊
𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑻𝒇 − 𝟏𝟓
𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐦 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐦 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐦
𝑻𝒇 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟔𝟒°𝐂 𝟑 𝐦𝐦 𝟑 𝐦𝐦
𝐚𝐭 𝟏𝟓°𝐂 𝐚𝐭 𝟏𝟓°𝐂
𝑬 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐆𝐏𝐚 𝜶 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 /°𝐂
PROBLEM NO. 1
① At what temperature the rails will just touch?

𝜹𝑻 = 𝜶𝑳∆𝑻 = 𝜶𝑳 𝑻𝒇 − 𝑻𝒊
𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑻𝒇 − 𝟏𝟓
𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐦 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐦 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐦
𝑻𝒇 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟔𝟒°𝐂 𝟑 𝐦𝐦 𝟑 𝐦𝐦
𝐚𝐭 𝟏𝟓°𝐂 𝐚𝐭 𝟏𝟓°𝐂
𝑬 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐆𝐏𝐚 𝜶 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 /°𝐂
② Determine the stress in the rails at 65°C.

𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐭 𝟏𝟓°𝐂

𝟑 𝐦𝐦
PROBLEM NO. 1
① At what temperature the rails will just touch?

𝜹𝑻 = 𝜶𝑳∆𝑻 = 𝜶𝑳 𝑻𝒇 − 𝑻𝒊
𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑻𝒇 − 𝟏𝟓
𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐦 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐦 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐦
𝑻𝒇 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟔𝟒°𝐂 𝟑 𝐦𝐦 𝟑 𝐦𝐦
𝐚𝐭 𝟏𝟓°𝐂 𝐚𝐭 𝟏𝟓°𝐂
𝑬 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐆𝐏𝐚 𝜶 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 /°𝐂
② Determine the stress in the rails at 65°C.
𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐭 𝟔𝟓°𝐂
𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐭 𝟒𝟎. 𝟔𝟒°𝐂
𝜹𝑻 = 𝟑 𝐦𝐦 + 𝛅𝑷
𝛔𝑻 𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐭 𝟏𝟓°𝐂
𝑷𝑳 𝑷
𝜶𝑳∆𝑻 = 𝟑 𝐦𝐦 +
𝑨𝑬
𝝈𝑻 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝛅𝑷
𝟏𝟏. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟓 − 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟑 +
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟑 𝐦𝐦

𝝈𝑻 = 𝟓𝟕 𝐌𝐏𝐚 𝛅𝑻
beams
A beam is a structural element that is
capable of withstanding load primarily by
resisting bending. The bending force induced
into the material of the beam as a result of the
external loads, own weight of span (distance
between two intermediate supports for a
structure), and external reactions to these loads
is called a bending moment.
Beams generally carry vertical
gravitational forces but can also be used to
carry horizontal loads (i.e., loads due to an
earthquake or wind). The loads carried by a
beam are transferred to columns, walls, or
girders, which then transfer the force to adjacent
structural compression members. In light frame
construction the joists rest on the beam.
METHODS OF SUPPORTING BEAMS
Beams are long straight members that are subjected to loads perpendicular to their
longitudinal axis. Often, beams are classified as how they are supported.

Simple Beam Propped Beam

Cantilever Beam Fixed or Restrained Beam

Overhanging Beam Continuous Beam

SHEAR AND MOMENT diagrams
Because of the applied loadings, beams develop an internal shear force and bending
moment, that vary from point to point along the axis of the beam. In order to properly
design a beam it therefore becomes necessary to determine the maximum shear and
moment in the beam. One way to do this is to express V and M as functions of their arbitrary
position x along the beam’s axis. These shear and moment functions can then be plotted
and represented by graphs called shear and moment diagrams.

P
WO

A
B D
x1 C

x2
x3
Geometric properties of area

𝑛𝑡ℎ Degree Parabola

𝑥𝐶
𝑛+1
𝑛 𝑥𝐶 = 𝑎
𝐴= 𝑎𝑏 2𝑛 + 1
𝑛+1 𝑛+1
𝑦𝐶 = 𝑏
2(𝑛 + 2)
𝑦𝐶

𝑎𝑏
𝐴=
𝑛+1
𝑦𝐶
𝑥𝐶

𝑛+1 𝑛+1
𝑥𝐶 = 𝑎 𝑦𝐶 = 𝑏
𝑛+2 2(2𝑛 + 1)
SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAM

DERCREASING INCREASING

+ -

Concavity of Shear and Moment - +

INCREASING
Note: DERCREASING

• From left to right , upward loads are positive shear and

• From left to right, clockwise moments are positive
• From right to left , upward loads are negative shear and
• From right to left, clockwise moment are negative
PROBLEM NO. 2
For the beam shown below determine the maximum shear and the maximum moment

20 kN/m 30 kN

A B C
D
5m 5m 4m
PROBLEM NO. 2
For the beam shown below determine the maximum shear and the maximum moment
Support reactions
+↻ 𝜮𝑴𝑪 = 𝟎;

𝑨𝒗 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟓 𝟐. 𝟓 + 𝟓 +𝟑𝟎 𝟒 = 𝟎
𝑨𝒗 = 𝟔𝟑 𝐤𝐍 ↑
20 kN/m 30 kN
B +↑ 𝜮𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎;
A C
D
5m 5m 4m 𝑨𝒗 + 𝑪𝒗 − 20×5 −𝟑𝟎 = 𝟎
𝑨𝒗 𝑪𝒗 𝑪𝒗 = 𝟔𝟕 𝐤𝐍 ↑
PROBLEM NO. 2 Shear and moment diagrams
𝑽𝑨𝟏 = 𝟎 𝐤𝐍
𝑽𝑨𝟐 = 𝟎 + 𝟔𝟑 𝐤𝐍
20 kN/m 30 kN 𝑽𝑩 = 𝟔𝟑 − 𝟐𝟎 𝟓 𝐤𝐍 = −𝟑𝟕 𝐤𝐍

B C 𝑽𝑪𝟏 = −𝟑𝟕 𝐤𝐍
A
D
5m 5m 4m 𝑽𝑪𝟐 = −𝟑𝟕 + 𝟔𝟕 = 𝟑𝟎 𝐤𝐍
𝟔𝟑 𝐤𝐍 𝟔𝟕 𝐤𝐍 𝑽𝑫𝟏 = 𝟑𝟎 𝐤𝐍 Decreasing Increasing
𝑽𝑫𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎 −𝟑𝟎 = 𝟎 Positive Negative
𝟔𝟑 𝐤𝐍
𝟑𝟎 𝐤𝐍
𝟏. 𝟖𝟓 𝐦 Decreasing Increasing
V x Negative Positive
𝟑. 𝟏𝟓 𝐦 𝑴𝑨 = 𝟎 𝐤𝐍 · 𝐦
−𝟑𝟕 𝐤𝐍 𝟏
𝑴𝟎 = 𝟔𝟑 × 𝟑. 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝐤𝐍 · 𝐦
𝟐
99.225 𝟏
𝑴𝑩 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟐𝟐𝟓 + −𝟑𝟕 × 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓 = 𝟔𝟓 𝐤𝐍 · 𝐦
𝟐° 𝟐° 𝟔𝟓 𝟐
M x 𝑴𝑪 = 𝟔𝟓 + −𝟑𝟕 × 𝟓 = −𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝐤𝐍 · 𝐦
𝑴𝑫 = −𝟏𝟐𝟎 + 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟒 = 𝟎
Mmax = −𝟏𝟐𝟎
PROBLEM NO. 3
For the beam shown below determine the maximum shear and the maximum moment

60 lb/ft 200 lb SUPPORT REACTIONS

𝟏 𝟏
C D C M +↺ 𝜮𝑴𝑫 = 𝟎; 𝟔𝟎 𝟔 𝐥𝐛 × 𝟔 + 𝟒 𝐟𝐭 + 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐥𝐛 𝟐 𝐟𝐭
A D 𝟐 𝟑
6 ft B 2 ft 2 ft −𝑴𝑫 = 𝟎
𝑴𝑫 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟎 𝐥𝐛 · 𝐟𝐭 ↻
𝐷𝑣
𝟏
+↑ 𝜮𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎; − 𝟔𝟎 𝟔 𝐥𝐛 − 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐥𝐛 +𝑫𝒗 = 𝟎
𝟐

𝑫𝒗 = 𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐥𝐛 ↑
PROBLEM NO. 3
For the beam shown below determine the maximum shear and the maximum moment
SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS

60 lb/ft 200 lb
𝑽𝑨 = 𝟎 𝐥𝐛
C D C 1480 lb·ft 𝟏
A 𝑽𝑩 = − 𝟔𝟎 𝟔 𝐥𝐛 = −𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝐥𝐛
6 ft B 2 ft 2 ft 𝟐
𝑽𝑪𝟏 = −𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝐥𝐛
𝐴=
1
(𝑎)(𝑏)
380 lb 𝑽𝑪𝟐 = −𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝐥𝐛−𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐥𝐛 = −𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐥𝐛
𝑛+1
V x 𝑽𝑫𝟏 = −𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐥𝐛 Decreasing Increasing
Positive Negative
2° 𝑽𝑫𝟐 = −𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐥𝐛+ 𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝐥𝐛 = 0
−180 lb
Decreasing Increasing
−380 lb
Negative Positive
𝑴𝑨 = 𝟎 𝐥𝐛 · 𝐟𝐭
M x 𝟏
3° 𝑴𝑩 = − 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝟔 𝐥𝐛 ∙ 𝐟𝐭 = −𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐥𝐛 · 𝐟𝐭
𝟑
−360 lb · ft
Mmax 𝑴𝑪 = −𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐥𝐛 · 𝐟𝐭 + −𝟏𝟖𝟎 × 𝟐 𝐥𝐛 · 𝐟𝐭 = −𝟕𝟐𝟎 𝐥𝐛 · 𝐟𝐭
−720 lb · ft
−1480 lb · ft 𝑴𝑫𝟏 = −𝟕𝟐𝟎 𝐥𝐛 · 𝐟𝐭+ −𝟑𝟖𝟎 × 𝟐 𝐥𝐛 · 𝐟𝐭 = −𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟎 𝐥𝐛 · 𝐟𝐭

𝑴𝑫𝟐 = −𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟎 𝐥𝐛 · 𝐟𝐭+𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟎 𝐥𝐛 · 𝐟𝐭 = 0

SECTION PROPERTY
RECTANGLE SOLID CIRCLE
𝒃𝒉𝟑 𝝅𝒓𝟒
b 𝑰𝑵𝑨 = 𝑰𝑵𝑨 =
𝟏𝟐 𝟒
NA N r
h 𝒃𝒉𝟐 𝝅𝒓𝟑
𝑺𝑵𝑨 = A 𝑺𝑵𝑨 =
𝟔 𝟒

TUBE TRIANGLE
𝝅 𝟒 𝒃𝒉𝟑
𝑰𝑵𝑨 = (𝑹 − 𝒓𝟒) 𝑰𝑵𝑨 =
𝟒 𝟑𝟔
R r
h 2/3 h
NA 𝝅 N 𝒃𝒉𝟐
𝑺𝑵𝑨 = (𝑹𝟒 − 𝒓𝟒) 𝑺𝑵𝑨 =
𝟒𝑹 A 𝟐𝟒
b

MOMENT OF INERTIA BY TRANSFER FORMULA: 𝑰𝑵𝑨𝒙 = 𝑰𝒈 + 𝑨𝒅𝒚𝟐 𝑰𝑵𝑨𝒚 = 𝑰𝒈𝒚 + 𝑨𝒅𝒙𝟐

𝒙
FLEXURAL STRESS FLEXURAL/BENDING STRESS

𝑴𝒄 𝑴 𝑴𝒚
𝝈𝒎𝒂𝒙 = = 𝝈=
𝑰 𝑺 𝑰

BENDING STRESS VARIATION 𝑴𝒚 𝒚

𝝈= = 𝝐𝑬 = 𝑬
𝑰 𝝆
𝑦
𝜎 = 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 y 𝝈 𝑴 𝑬
𝑐
y 𝒚 = 𝑰 =𝝆

Where:
M σmax = maximum normal stress in the member
x z M = resultant internal moment
Neutral Axis
y y c= perpendicular distance from the neutral
c c axis to a point farthest away from the
σ σ
neutral axis
σmax I= moment of inertia of the cross-sectional
σmax
area about the neutral axis
S= section modulus = I/c
E= modulus of elasticity
ρ= radius of curvature
SHEAR STRESS

𝑉𝑄
𝜏 =
𝐼𝑡
Shear flow in built-up members
Occasionally in engineering practice, members are “built up” from several composite parts in order to
achieve a greater resistance to loads. If the loads cause the members to bend, fasteners such as nails, bolts,
welding material, or glue may be needed to keep the component parts from sliding relative to one another.
In order to design these fasteners or determine their spacing, it is necessary to know the shear force that must
be resisted by the fastener. This loading, when measured as a force per unit length of beam, is referred to as
shear flow q.
Also, shear flow q is equal to the resisting shear force R of the 𝑉𝑄
fastener divided by the spacing s. And so, to directly calculate 𝑞=
the maximum spacing s of the fasteners, 𝐼
Where:
q= the shear flow, measured as a force per unit
𝑅𝐼 length along the beam
𝑠 = V= the internal resultant shear force, determined
𝑉𝑄 from the method of sections and the equations
of equilibrium.
I= moment of inertia of the cross-sectional area
about the neutral axis
Q= ӯ’ A’, where A’ is the area of the top (or bottom)
portion of the member’s cross-sectional area,
above (or below) the section plane where t is
measured, and ӯ’ is the distance from the
neutral axis to the centroid of A’.
PROBLEM NO. 4 – Combined Stresses
A link 160 mm in diameter for a certain machine has its area reduced by ½ at section
A-B. The link is subjected to a tensile force of 240 kN.

① Calculate the moment of inertia of the section A-B.

② Compute the maximum tensile stress developed across section A-B.

③ What is the minimum tensile stress across section A-B?

PROBLEM NO. 4
𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑨 − 𝑩
𝑨

𝑷 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝐤𝐍 𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦
𝑴
𝑷 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦 𝒆
𝑵𝑨 𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦

𝑩
① Calculate the moment of inertia of the ② Compute the maximum tensile stress
section A-B. developed across section A-B.
𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝒆𝒎𝒊 − 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒆
𝟒
𝑰𝑵𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟖𝑹𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟖 𝟖𝟎

𝑰𝑵𝑨 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟗𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟒

𝟒𝑹 𝟒 𝟖𝟎
𝒆= = = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟗𝟓 𝐦𝐦
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝑴 = 𝑷𝒆 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 × 𝟑𝟑. 𝟗𝟓
𝑴 = 𝟖𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟕𝟑𝟑. 𝟎𝟖𝟔 𝐍 ∙ 𝐦𝐦
PROBLEM NO. 4
𝑷 𝑴𝒄
𝑨 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒂𝒍 + 𝑩𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝑨 𝑰
𝑷 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝐤𝐍 𝑴 𝑻 𝑻 𝑻
𝑷 𝒆 𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒑 + =
𝑵𝑨 𝒄𝒃𝒐𝒕

𝑩 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑨 − 𝑩 𝑻 𝑪 𝑪
① Calculate the moment of inertia of the ② Compute the maximum tensile stress
section A-B. developed across section A-B.
𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝒆𝒎𝒊 − 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒆 @𝑻𝒐𝒑:
𝑰𝑵𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟖𝑹𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟖 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟕𝟑𝟑. 𝟎𝟖𝟔 𝟑𝟑. 𝟗𝟓
𝒇𝒕𝒐𝒑 = +
𝟎. 𝟓 𝝅 × 𝟖𝟎𝟐 𝟒. 𝟒𝟗𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝑰𝑵𝑨 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟗𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟒
𝒇𝒕𝒐𝒑 = 𝟖𝟓. 𝟑𝟗 𝐌𝐏𝐚 (𝐓)
𝟒𝑹 𝟒 𝟖𝟎 @𝑩𝒐𝒕:
𝒆= = = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟗𝟓 𝐦𝐦
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟕𝟑𝟑. 𝟎𝟖𝟔 𝟒𝟔. 𝟎𝟓
𝒇𝒃𝒐𝒕 = −
𝟎. 𝟓 𝝅 × 𝟖𝟎𝟐 𝟒. 𝟒𝟗𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝑴 = 𝑷𝒆 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 × 𝟑𝟑. 𝟗𝟓
𝑴 = 𝟖𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟕𝟑𝟑. 𝟎𝟖𝟔 𝐍 ∙ 𝐦𝐦 𝒇𝒃𝒐𝒕 = −𝟓𝟗. 𝟓𝟕 𝐌𝐏𝐚 (𝐂)
PROBLEM NO. 4
𝑷 𝑴𝒄
𝑨 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒂𝒍 + 𝑩𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝑨 𝑰
𝑷 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝐤𝐍 𝑴 𝑻 𝑻 𝑻
𝑷 𝒆 𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒑 + =
𝑵𝑨 𝒄𝒃𝒐𝒕

𝑩 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑨 − 𝑩 𝑻 𝑪 𝑪
① Calculate the moment of inertia of the ② Compute the maximum tensile stress
section A-B. developed across section A-B.
𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝒆𝒎𝒊 − 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒆
𝟒 𝒇𝒕𝒐𝒑 = 𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟖𝟓. 𝟑𝟗 𝐌𝐏𝐚 (𝐓)
𝑰𝑵𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟖𝑹𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟖 𝟏𝟎
𝒇𝒃𝒐𝒕 = −𝟓𝟗. 𝟓𝟕 𝐌𝐏𝐚 (𝐂)
𝑰𝑵𝑨 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟗𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟒
③ What is the minimum tensile stress across
𝟒𝑹 𝟒 𝟖𝟎 section A-B?
𝒆= = = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟗𝟓 𝐦𝐦
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝒇𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎 𝐌𝐏𝐚
𝑴 = 𝑷𝒆 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 × 𝟑𝟑. 𝟗𝟓
𝑴 = 𝟖𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟕𝟑𝟑. 𝟎𝟖𝟔 𝐍 ∙ 𝐦𝐦
PROBLEM NO. 5
A 4.5m simply supported beam carries a 14 kN load 2.7m from the left support. The
beam section is made from a 50x150mm, a 50x200mm, a 50x250mm and a 50x300mm
planks.
𝟓𝟎 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎
① Determine the maximum shear in the beam.

② Calculate the theoretical pitch of screw ‘A’ in the built-up

beam shown if each screw can resist 1,300 N.

2𝟓𝟎
𝟑𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟒 𝐤𝐍

𝟐. 𝟕 𝐦 𝟏. 𝟖 𝐦
𝟓𝟎

𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟎
PROBLEM NO. 5
① Determine the maximum shear in the beam.
𝟏𝟒 𝐤𝐍
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟖. 𝟒 𝐤𝐍
𝟐. 𝟕 𝐦 𝟏. 𝟖 𝐦
② Calculate the theoretical pitch of screw ‘A’ in the built-up
𝟓. 𝟔 𝐤𝐍 𝟖. 𝟒 𝐤𝐍 beam shown if each screw can resist 1,300 N.
𝑹𝑰 𝑹 = 𝟏, 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝐍
𝟓𝟎 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝑺=
𝑽𝑸 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟑
𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟑
𝑰= −
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝑰 = 𝟒𝟔𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟒
2𝟓𝟎 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝑵𝑨 𝟑𝟎𝟎
𝑸 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 × 𝟓𝟎 − 𝟐𝟓
𝟐
𝑸 = 𝟗𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟑
𝟓𝟎
𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟔𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝑺= = 𝟏𝟓𝟐. 𝟕 𝐦𝐦
𝟖𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟎𝟎
PROBLEM NO. 6
A rectangular bar, 25 mm × 50 mm in cross section is subjected
to an axial tensile force, P = 80 kN. Plane a–a makes an angle, 𝛼 =
60 degrees, with the longitudinal axis
① Determine the tensile stress (MPa) produced on plane a–a.

② Determine the shear stress (MPa) produced on plane a–a.

③ Determine the angle 𝛼 (degrees) the plane a–a must make

with the longitudinal axis for the shear stress to be maximum.
PROBLEM NO. 6
① Determine the tensile stress (MPa) produced on plane a–a.
② Determine the shear stress (MPa) produced on plane a–a.
𝑷 = 𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑵 ① 𝑻 𝟖𝟎𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑
𝝈𝑻 = =
𝑻 𝒂 𝑨𝑻 𝟓𝟎
𝟑𝟎° 𝑽 × 𝟐𝟓
𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟔𝟎)
𝟔𝟎°
𝝈𝑻 = 𝟒𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝑽 𝟖𝟎𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟔𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑
② 𝝉𝑻 = =
𝒂 𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝑨𝑽 𝟓𝟎
× 𝟐𝟓
𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟔𝟎)

𝝉𝑻 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟕𝟏 𝑴𝑷𝒂
PROBLEM NO. 6
③ Determine the angle 𝛼 (degrees) the plane a–a must make
with the longitudinal axis for the shear stress to be maximum.
𝑽 𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝜶 )
𝑷
② 𝝉𝑻 = 𝑨 = 𝑨
𝒂 𝑽 𝒙𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶
𝑽 𝑷
𝜶 𝝉𝑻 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶
𝑨

𝑷
𝒅𝝉𝑻 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶× −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶+ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶 × 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶 𝒅𝜶
𝒂 𝑨 𝑨
𝟎
𝒅𝝉𝑻 𝑷
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶 × −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶 × 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶
𝒅𝜶 𝑨

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜶 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜶

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜶
𝟐
= 𝟏 ; 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜶 = 𝟏 ; 𝜶 = 𝟒𝟓°
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶