ENGINEERING MATERIALS:-

PHASE AND PHASE DIAGRAM MCQ QUESTIONS:-

Engineering Materials and Metallurgy

Questions and Answers – Phases and Phase
Diagrams
This set of Engineering Materials & Metallurgy Multiple Choice Questions & Answers
(MCQs) focuses on “Phases and Phase Diagrams”.

1. Which of the following is not a name for phases present in a system of material in various
conditions?
a) Phase diagram
b) Equilibrium diagram
c) Interstitial diagram
d) Constitutional diagram
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the phases present in the
system of materials at various temperatures, pressures, and compositions. These diagrams
show the constitution of alloys as a function of temperature under equilibrium conditions.
They are otherwise also known as equilibrium or constitutional diagrams.
2. Which of the following cannot be obtained using a phase diagram?
a) Melting temperatures of various phases
b) Temperature range for solidification
c) Equilibrium solid solubility
d) Purity of materials

Answer: d
Explanation: A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the phases present in the
system of materials at various temperatures, pressures, and compositions. It can be used to
determine the melting temperature of various phases, the range of solidification, and the
equilibrium solid solubility of one element in another.
3. A specific body of material or a series of alloys with the same compositions is/are known
as _________
a) Component
b) System
c) Alloy
d) Solute
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A component is considered as a pure metal or compound of an alloy, whereas
alloys are mixtures of two or more metals or non-metals. The system may be defined as
either a specific body of material or a series of possible alloys consisting of the same
components.
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4. How many types of systems are applicable for phase diagrams?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: d
Explanation: System may be defined as either a specific body of material or a series of
possible alloys consisting of the same components. A system having one component is
called as a unary system. Similarly, two, three, and four component systems are called
binary, ternary, and quaternary systems respectively.
5. The maximum concentration of solute that can be added is defined as ____________
a) Solution limit
b) Solubility limit
c) Concentration
d) Degrees of freedom
Answer: b
Explanation: Solubility limit is defined as the maximum concentration of solute that may be
added without the formation of a new phase. An excess addition may result in the formation
of another solid solution or compound. Degrees of freedom is defined as the number of
independent variables that can be changed independently without changes in the phases of
the system.
6. In this figure, what does O denote?

a) Melting point
b) Boiling point
c) Triple point
d) Vaporization point
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: This graph illustrates the pressure-temperature diagram for a one-component
phase diagram of the H2O system. The point O is marked as the triple point, which is the
point at which three phases exist at the same time.
7. What is the triple point of water?
a) 0.0022oC
b) 0.0098oC
c) 0.022oC
d) 0.098oC
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The triple point is defined as the point at which three phases (liquid, solid, and
vapor) exist at the same time. The triple point of water is 0.0098oC at pressure 4.58 mm of
Hg.
8. How is Gibb’s phase rule defined?
a) C+P+1
b) C+P+2
c) C-P+2
d) C-P
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The number of phases present in an alloy depends on the number of elements
of which it is composed. The Gibb’s phase rule is given by the equation F = C – P + 2. Here,
F is the degrees of freedom, C is the number of components, and P is the number of
phases.
9. What is the line QR in this fooling curve known as?

a) Latent heating line

b) Eutectic compound system
c) Binary solid
d) Horizontal thermal arrest
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Cooling curves are obtained by plotting the measured temperatures at equal
intervals during the cooling period of a melt to a solid. This diagram shows the cooling curve
for a pure metal or compound. PQ is a uniform curve, whereas QR is known as the
horizontal thermal arrest.
10. Separation of single-phase solid regions from two-phase solid regions is done by
_________
a) Solidus line
b) Liquidus line
c) Solvus line
d) Eutectic point
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The liquidus line separates liquid and liquid+solid phase regions, whereas
solidus line separates solid and solid+liquid phase regions. A solvus line separates single-
phase solid regions from two-phase solid regions.
11. The point at which two liquidus lines meet is known as __ ________
a) Eutectic point
b) Isothermal point
c) Solvus point
d) Peritectic point
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The liquidus line separates liquid and liquid+solid phase regions. Two liquidus
lines meet at a point defined as the eutectic point. The corresponding temperature and
composition are defined as eutectic temperature and eutectic composition.
12. Which reaction does this equation denote?
Liquid + Solid 1 → Solid 2
a) Eutectic
b) Peritectic
c) Eutectoid
d) Peritectoid
Answer: b
Explanation: In peritectic reactions, a solid and a liquid, due to the action of cooling,
transform isothermally and reversibly into a solid with another composition. It is also known
as an upside-down eutectic reaction.
13. Which reaction does this equation denote?
Solid 1 + Solid 2 →Solid 3
a) Eutectic
b) Peritectic
c) Eutectoid
d) Peritectoid
Answer: d
Explanation: In peritectoid reactions, two solid phases isothermally and reversibly transform
into a solid with a third and different composition. It is also known as an upside-down
eutectoid reaction. Such reactions are commonly found in Ni-Zn, Fe-Nb, Cu-Sn, and other
systems.
14. White Iron Structure Consits of?

Ans: Peralite and Cemtite,

15. The Reaction is which a liquid phase transform into two different Solid phase is called?

Ans: Eutectic Reaction.,

16. Which of the following phase of steel is NOT present in Iron-Carbon phase diagram?

Ans: Martensite,

17. What is the range of the Carbon content in Steel?

Ans: 0-2.0%

18. The Eutectic percentage of Carbon in iron is?

Ans: 4.33%

19. The eutectic reaction of Iron-Carbon Occurs at?

Ans:-1147 °C

20. The reaction in which a liquid phase transform into two different solid phase is called?

Ans: Eutectic Reaction

21. Metastable aggregate consisting of supersaturated ferrite in which carbon has been finely
precipitated in the form of carbides is?

Ans: bainite

22.In a binary system of A and B, a liquid of 20% A (80% B) is coexisting with solid of 70% A (30%B). for
an overall composition having 40% A, the fraction of solid is?

Ans:0.40

23.Y- iron has _____ Structure?

Ans: FCC

24. When Solidification starts, iron will appear in ________ form?

Ans: Delta,

25.TTT is also known as ?

Ans: Isothermal Transformation,

26.Carbon percentage present in iron of more than 4.3% is termed as?

Ans: Hyper-eutectic CI
26. Hyper eutectoid steels have structure of:-

Ans: Phases of cementite and pearlite,

27. How many components are present in binary phase system?

a) 3
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
Answer: c
Explanation: In binary phase system there will be only two components.
28. The line above which the alloy is liquid is called __________
a) Solidus line
b) Tie line
c) Liquidus line
d) Lever line
Answer: c
Explanation: The liquidus line is the line above which the alloy is liquid. At the temperature
just below this line crystal of solid solution start forming.
29. It can be noted that the two substances are soluble in each other in the entire range of
compositions in both liquid and solid state. This kind of system is known as ___________
a) Binary phase system
b) Unary phase system
c) Multiple phase system
d) Isomorphous system
Answer: d
Explanation: Isomorphous phase diagram is the phase diagram in which the two
components are soluble in each other over an entire range of composition in both solid and
liquid phases.
30. What is the XY line in the given phase diagram?

a) Lever line
b) Tie line
c) Solidus line
d) Liquidus line
Answer: b
Explanation: To find the composition of the individual phases in the two phase region, a line
(XY) is drawn and its intercepts on the liquidus and solidus lines. This is called as tie line.
31. What is the α region in the given phase diagram?
a) Homogeneous liquid solution
b) Semi solid solution
c) Vapor
d) Substitutional solid solution
Answer: d
Explanation: α-region is a substitutional solid solution of two components A and B.
And the given phase diagram denotes the Cu-Ni phase diagram.

32. What is used for the determination of Phase amounts?

a) Tie line and Temperature–Composition Point
b) Lever line
c) Temperature–Composition Point
d) Pressure
Answer: b
Explanation: Lever rule is used to determine the relative amount of each phase in a
mixture. It takes the help of a tie-line at a given temperature.

33. A 53% Ni Cu-Ni alloy is cooled from the liquid state to 1300°C. Calculate the % of
liquid and solid at 1300°C.
a) 28, 72
b) 38, 62
c) 35, 65
d) 65, 35
Answer: b
Explanation: The tie line at 1300‫ﹾ‬C intersects solidus at 58% Ni and liquidus at 45%
Ni.
Apply the lever rule to get the liquid fraction
% Liquid = 100* (5)/(13) = 38%
%Solid = 100* (53 – 45)/(58 – 45) = 62% (100 – %Liquid).
34. According to the given figure, which of the following is used to determine the
amount of each phase in a mixture?

a) Lever rule
b) Tie line
c) Solidus line
d) Liquidus line
Answer: a
Explanation: For two phase system lever rule helps i.e. the tie line must be utilized in
conjunction with a procedure that is often called the lever rule.

35. . What is the region between liquidus and solidus lines?

a) Two-phase region where liquid and solid coexist
b) Solid region
c) Liquid region
d) Lava region
Answer: a
Explanation: The intermediate region between liquidus and solidus lines is the two-
phase region where liquid and solid coexists.