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    Lecture 5 Cell Alberts

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    arcanelove10
    Cells Alberts Chapter 5 lecture notes

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    Lecture 5 Cell Alberts

    Uploaded by

    arcanelove10
    11 views4 pages
    Cells Alberts Chapter 5 lecture notes

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    Cells Alberts Chapter 5 lecture notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views4 pages

    Lecture 5 Cell Alberts

    Uploaded by

    arcanelove10
    Cells Alberts Chapter 5 lecture notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 4

    🖋️

    Chapter 5
    Date: 20-09-2023

    📌 Cues

    Main Ideas and Questions


    📌 Summary

    Highlights of the lesson


    After Class After Class

    DNA discovery

    DNA structure

    Genomes

    Chromosomes

    Chromatin

    Chromatin regulation

    Chapter 5 1
    Notes
    Details from lecture
    During Class

    Chromosomes
    pieces of DNA that contain genetic information

    one maternal, one paternal

    chromosomes can exchange material; translocation

    Eukaryotic DNA is packaged into multiple chromosomes, the number of which can vary
    between closely related species

    Chromosome replication and segregation occurs in an ordered cycle

    Replication origins - ensure that all DNA is replicated once per cell cycle

    Telomeres - replicate and maintain chromosome ends (eukaryotes)

    Centromeres - attach to the middle apparatus (eukaryotes); section on the chromosomes


    which attaches

    DNA is very compact

    Chapter 5 2
    Decondensed in interphase, occupy distinct territories

    Chromatin - DNA with associated molecules


    Euchromatin - “true”, normal chromatin, permissive for gene expression

    Heterochromatin - electron dense, strongly condensed, restrictive for gene expression

    Nucleosomes - fundamental level of chromatin organization


    (eukaryotes)
    Nucleosomes are visible by electron microscopy

    fundamental level of nuclear organization - only in eukaryotes

    Core of nucleosomes - made by proteins called histones

    Nucleosomes are composed of octamers of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and
    H4) (2 copies of each histone)

    DNA strongly wraps around histones

    Chromosome loops are formed by SMC ring complexes

    SMC proteins - Structural maintainance of chromosomes proteins

    condensins - mitosis

    Summary: structure of eukaryotic chormosomes


    eukaryotic DNA is packaged into multiple chromomsomes

    organise and carry genetic information

    specialised DNA sequences are requirmed for DNA replication and chromosome
    segregation

    inter

    Chapter 5 3
    ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes locally reposition
    DNA on nucleosomes and can alter chromatin condensation
    Modification of histone tails regulates many aspects of chromatin function: histone code

    Remember the formulas of all amino acids

    Chromatin structure along an interphase chromosome varies

    Heterochromatin can spread and inactivate genes

    X chromosome silencing in mammalian females: one X chromosome is (randomly)


    condensed and inactivated

    Chapter 5 4

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