A SYNOPSIS ON

HOTEL BOOKING WEBSITE

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award

of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Submitted by:
Shivansh Agarwal 2019107
Tribhuwan Singh Kanyal 2019187
Rakshit Rana 2019035

Under the Guidance of

Mrs. Ruchira Rawat
Assistant Professor

Project Team ID: 17

Department of Computer Science and

Engineering
Graphic Era (Deemed to be University)
Dehradun, Uttarakhand
October-2024
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION
I/We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the Synopsis entitled “ Hotel
Booking Website ” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering in the Department of
Computer Science and Engineering of the Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun
shall be carried out by the undersigned under the supervision of Mrs. Ruchira Rawat,
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era
(Deemed to be University), Dehradun.

Shivansh Agarwal 2019107

Tribhuwan Singh Kanyal 2019187
Rakshit Rana 2019035

The above mentioned students shall be working under the supervision of the undersigned on
the “Hotel Booking Website”

Supervisor Head of the Department

Internal Evaluation (By DPRC Committee)

Status of the Synopsis: Accepted / Rejected

Any Comments:

Name of the Committee Members: Signature with Date

1.
2.
 Table of Contents

Chapter No. Description Page No.

Chapter 1 Introduction and Problem Statement 1-2
Chapter 2 Background/ Literature Survey 3-6
Chapter 3 Objectives 7
Chapter 4 Hardware and Software Requirements 8-9
Chapter 5 Possible Approach/ Algorithms 10-12
References 13
Chapter 1

Introduction and Problem Statement

1.1 Introduction

The Hotel Booking Website project is a comprehensive web-based system, designed to

simplify and automate the process of booking hotel rooms. The entire system is based on
HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, and PHP for developing an easy-to-use interface with
dynamic and efficient backend functionality. It will provide users with an effortless means of
browsing available rooms and making reservations to manage their bookings in a simple and
intuitive manner. The system also gives hotel managers the capability of determining room
availability, price, and booking.

The hotel room booking and management project is an online site that helps in streamlining
finding, booking, and managing hotel rooms. It uses a combination of HTML for structure,
CSS for styling, JavaScript for interactivity, PHP for the backend functionality, and SQL for
database management to make the website user-friendly for smooth browsing of rooms
available with their details and timely reservations. It allows hotel administrators to
efficiently manage room inventory, pricing, and bookings, and also enables features for user
authentication, booking confirmations, and an admin dashboard that runs the overall system.
The project ensures a user-friendly, responsive interface that makes hotel reservations easy
and convenient to use.
1.2 Problem Statement

What the Hotel Booking Website project intends to solve is related to a rather clumsy and

complicated traditional booking process that would heavily rely on either phone calls, emails,

or even in-person reservations with high opportunities for human error, double bookings, and

no real-time availability updates. Hotels, especially smaller hotels, are really inconvenienced

by how to streamline room availability, pricing, and bookings. Customers need easy access to

hotel search, availability of rooms, and security during online booking. This problem is

addressed by developing a completely automatic, web-based booking system where

customers can easily browse rooms, check availability, and make real-time bookings;

meanwhile, management will have facilities to manage room inventory and pricing and

booking through an intuitive admin panel.

Chapter 2

Background/ Literature Survey

The hospitality industry has undergone some massive transformations with regards to

technology over the last few decades primarily due to the internet and e-commerce. Among

other developments, arguably one of the greatest impacts has been the emergence of an

online booking system which assimilated the traditional mode of making reservations through

phone calls, emails, or walk-in. An effective tool for hotel booking not only enhances the

customer experience but also for the management of the hotels about streamlining the

operations into efficiency, accuracy, and real-time updates. In this literature survey, it reviews

the evolution of online hotel booking systems, existing technologies and frameworks, and

highlighted gaps and challenges that this project tries to address.

Evolution of Online Hotel Booking Systems

Hotel booking systems first appeared on the Internet during the late 1990s when e-commerce

platforms started to expand. Initially, booking systems were simple: users could find out

which rooms would be available and book a room with few amenities. But with greater

penetration of the Internet and evolving web technologies, hotel booking platforms started to

evolve. Today, online travel agencies like Booking.com, Expedia, and Airbnb dominate the

market with advanced search options, real-time availability, secure payment facilities, and

user reviews. Small hotels cannot afford to integrate themselves with OTAs or develop such

systems; therefore, a customizable hotel booking website can be built with basic web

technologies such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, and PHP.

Technologies for Web Used in Hotel Booking Systems

1. HTML and CSS:

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is the base of most web pages; it gives the structure

and lays out pages on the web. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) adds style and interface,

allowing for responsive design that works across devices: desktop, tablet, and mobile. HTML

is used to define the content that appears in hotel booking websites such as room listings,

descriptions, and forms for booking. CSS ensures that the interface is both visually appealing

and user-friendly. According to research, a responsive design is very important for hotels

since a huge percentage of users access their websites through mobile devices.

2. JavaScript:

This scripting language is popular and is used in making web pages interactive. They can use

it for doing things like real-time checks of availability, filtering options that can include

prices and chosen types of rooms, validate forms, and date pickers for the selection of check-

in and check-out dates. According to Nielsen, 2018, web user behavior surveys suggest that

fast and interactive experience increases customer satisfaction and conversion.

3. SQL (Structured Query Language):

SQL is quite important in managing the back-end database in which all the room data,

customers' information, and booking records reside. MySQL is one of the most popular SQL-

based databases widely used in many web applications to manage relational databases. In

hotel booking systems, SQL queries are concerned with fetching available rooms, recording

new bookings, updating room availability in real-time. The literature depicts the fact that an

optimized DB structure will largely improve the performance of an online booking system as

the number of users increases .

4. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor):

PHP is a server-side scripting language; however, used to develop dynamic websites and web

applications for web development. It serves as middle men between the user interface

(frontend) and the database (backend). In hotel booking systems, PHP handles operations like

customer booking processing; user authentication including login and registration processes;

managing session data; and communication with the SQL database. Flexibility, ease of

integration with databases like MySQL, and a dynamic and secure web application building

capability made popular the reasons for using PHP.

Existing Hotel Booking Systems

Most of the present booking systems used by hotels, especially large hotel chains or OTAs,

rely on the application of complex frameworks, such as Python/Django, Ruby on Rails, or

Java Spring. Inasmuch as most of them are powerful frameworks, they tend to consume more

resources and normally are not ideal options for small hotels or budget-friendly solutions.

Custom-built systems, on the other hand, make use of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, and

PHP, which support small, independent hotels while being cost effective and scalable. A

review of some open source hotel booking systems reveals that PHP and MySQL are some of

the most frequently used technologies because of their simplicity, flexibility, and massive

community support (Welling & Thomson, 2008). Hotel booking plugins also exist on

platforms like Joomla and WordPress, where the core operations would use PHP and SQL.
Challenges and Gaps

Though internet booking systems have spread widely, numerous gaps still persist especially

among SMEs in hospitality. Most current systems are not user-friendly when accessed

through mobile devices. This is highly possible to result in poor user experience and lower

conversion rates. Statistics show that over half of online bookings for travel and hotels are

done by means of mobile devices. This consequently enhances the importance of responsive

design. Statista made this report in 2019.

Many of the custom-made booking systems lack real-time synchronization between the front

end and the back end; otherwise, they may cause overbooking and disappointed customers. In

any efficient hotel booking system, real-time database synchronization is very important

between the front-end and back-end databases. Also, yet another major matter of concern is

security. Since the customers' information that is always associated with such hotel booking

systems, like payment details, personal details, etc., to be highly sensitive, security practices

should be implemented at all layers to ensure safe and dependable security to the users so that

their faith in the system may not decrease.

Chapter 3

Objectives
1. Create a User-Friendly Interface:

Create an intuitive, responsive, and visually appealing interface using HTML, CSS, and

JavaScript, that allows users to browse for hotel rooms, check the availability, and book

rooms in a user-friendly web application across different devices.

2. Implement Real-Time Room Availability and Booking System:

The room data and real time booking functionalities can be implemented using SQL and PHP

by managing room data dynamically, updating the room availability in real-time with double

booking prevention.

3. Ensure Secure User Authentication and Payment Processing:

Ensure Secure Registration, Login, and Session management Using PHP with Locked

Database with Bookings Transaction and Data Protection along with Encryption Methods.

4. Admin Panel for Hotel Management in PHP and SQL:

Develop an admin panel in PHP and SQL for the hotel staff to view room listings. Update the

prices for the rooms. Track bookings and even generate reports based on PHP and SQL.

5. Ensure Seamless Integration and Performance:

It then needs to maximize performance on the website so that smooth integration between the

back-end and front-end will be able to deliver speed and reliability when running the process

in booking and data retrieval for the user.

Chapter 4

Hardware and Software Requirements

Hardware Requirements:

1. Client-Side (User/Developer):

 Processor: Dual-core or higher (Intel i5 or equivalent).

 RAM: Minimum 4 GB (8 GB or more recommended for smooth development).

 Storage: Minimum 20 GB available storage for project files and databases.

 Display: 1024x768 resolution or higher (for responsive design testing).

2. Server-Side (Deployment):

 Processor: Quad-core or higher (Intel Xeon or equivalent recommended).

 RAM: Minimum 8 GB (16 GB or more for high traffic).

 Storage: SSD with a minimum of 100 GB (depending on expected data volume).

 Network: High-speed internet connection (for handling multiple requests

simultaneously).

 Operating System: Linux-based server (Ubuntu, CentOS) or Windows Server.

Software Requirements:

1. Client-Side:

 Operating System: Windows, macOS, or Linux

 Web Browser: Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari (latest versions for testing)

 Code Editor/IDE: Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, Atom, or any preferred text

editor with support for HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP

 Browser Developer Tools: Chrome Developer Tools or equivalent for debugging and

testing responsiveness

 Version Control System: Git (optional for source code management).

2. Server-Side:

 Operating System: Linux (Ubuntu, CentOS) or Windows Server (for local

development, a simple XAMPP/WAMP setup).

 Web Server Software: Apache or Nginx (Apache is commonly used with PHP).

 Database Management System (DBMS): MySQL or PostgreSQL (for managing room

data, bookings, and user accounts).

 Programming Language: PHP (minimum version 7.x or higher recommended).

 Database Query Language: SQL (for database interactions with PHP).

 Server-Side Scripting Environment: XAMPP, WAMP, or MAMP for local

development environments.

 SSL Certificate: For secure data transmission during bookings (encryption).

Chapter 5

Possible Approach/ Algorithms

1. User Authentication Algorithm:

Approach:

 PHP is used in the administration of the register and login procedure.

 User registers by filling up a registration form and PHP verifies if there exists said

user in SQL database.

 At the time of login authentication, it cross-verifies the input credentials with the

hashed value present in the database.

Algorithm:

 Input Parameters- Username, Password .

 Authenticate the existence of said username in the database.

 If not then add the newly created user into the database (For new user registration).

 If it does exist (in login case), retrieve hashed password at the time of login.

 Compare entered password with the hashed one using PHP's password_verify().

 Create the session for the user, if matched, otherwise error.

2. Room Availability Check Algorithm:

Approach:

 When a user selects dates for check-in and check-out, JavaScript makes an AJAX

request to the server.

 The server, here PHP, then queries the SQL database for available rooms in that

chosen date range.

Algorithm:
  Input : Date for check-in; Date for check-out;

 Output: Rooms available to the user.

 List of Available Rooms using SQL.

3. Booking Algorithm:

Approach:

 After the customer chooses a room and fills in his/her details, the room will be

re-scanned for availability in case of double booking, and then the booking is stored

in the database.

Algorithm:

 Input: Customer details, Room number, Check-in date, Check-out date.

 Retrieve a query that was previously used during the availability checking of the

rooms.

 Return booking acceptance and the booking number to the customer. Also, Send an

email.

 Output: Booking acceptance.

4. Search and Filter Algorithm:

Approach:

 Allow users to filter rooms based on numerous parameters, such as the price, type, or

facilities. You can make use of JavaScript for client-side filtering or SQL for server-

side filtering.

Algorithm:

 Input: Filters' parameters (how many you want in a given range, the room type, etc.)

 Use JavaScript for the sake of displaying filtered results from the frontend.

 Output: Room list according to filters.

5. Payment and Confirmation Algorithm:

Approach:

 After making the payment, the user is redirected to the payment gateway or the

website can use mock payment processing.

 Then after confirmed that it is a successful payment, they confirm the booking.

Algorithm:

 Input: Details related to the payment.

 Simulate or integrate a Payment gateway example being Stripe or PayPal.

 On successful payment update the status of the booking in the SQL database.

 Output: Receipt of payment and booking confirmation message.

References

1. Chaffey, D. (2019). E-commerce and digital marketing strategies for hotels. Smart
Insights.

 This reference provides insights on the importance of responsive web design and
digital strategies for hotel booking websites.
Retrieved from: https://www.smartinsights.com
2. Welling, L., & Thomson, L. (2008). PHP and MySQL Web Development (4th ed.).
Addison-Wesley Professional.

 This book covers the fundamentals of building web applications using PHP and
MySQL, which is essential for understanding the backend architecture of a hotel
booking system.
3. Nielsen, J. (2018). Interaction Design: Enhancing User Experience for Online
Platforms. Nielsen Norman Group.

 This resource emphasizes the importance of user experience in web applications,

highlighting key considerations for hotel booking websites such as interactivity
and usability.
Retrieved from: https://www.nngroup.com
4. Daswani, N., & Kern, C. (2016). Foundations of Security: What Every Programmer
Needs to Know. Apress.

 This book provides essential information on web security practices, such as secure
transactions and user data protection, relevant to hotel booking websites.
5. Rao, B. S., & Lamsal, R. (2017). Online Hotel Reservation System Using PHP and
MySQL. International Journal of Computer Applications, 164(6), 15-20.

 This paper describes the design and development of online hotel booking systems
using PHP and MySQL, with a focus on real-time room availability and user
interaction.