LMOIS-CIS

GRADE-9B 2023-24

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT-3 WORKSHEET

TOPIC-THERMAL PHYSICS
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1 When a mercury thermometer is placed in ice-cold water the level of the mercury in the thermometer’s
capillary tube becomes lower.

Why is this?

A The mercury atoms get closer together.

B The mercury atoms get smaller.
C The mercury atoms start to vibrate.
D The mercury atoms stop moving.
[1]

[Total: 1]

2 The size of a balloon increases if the pressure inside it increases.

The balloon gets bigger when it is left in the heat from the Sun.

cool balloon hot balloon

Why does this happen?

A The air molecules inside the balloon all move outwards when it is heated.
B The air molecules inside the balloon are bigger when it is heated.
C The air molecules inside the balloon move more quickly when it is heated.
D The number of air molecules inside the balloon increases when it is heated.
[1]

[Total: 1]
 2

3 The diagram shows a heater used to heat a tank of cold water.

water

lagging

tank

heater

What is the main process by which heat moves through the water?

A conduction
B convection
C evaporation
D radiation
[1]

[Total: 1]

4 Driving a car raises the temperature of the tyres.

This causes the pressure of the air in the tyres to increase.

Why is this?

A Air molecules break up to form separate atoms.

B Air molecules expand with the rise in temperature.
C The force between the air molecules increases.
D The speed of the air molecules increases.
[1]

[Total: 1]
 3

5 Viewed through a microscope, very small particles can be seen moving with Brownian motion.

Which line in the table is correct?

type of motion particles are

of particles suspended in

A vibration a liquid or a gas

B vibration a solid, a liquid or a gas
C random a liquid or a gas
D random a solid, a liquid or a gas

[1]

[Total: 1]

6 When water evaporates, some molecules escape.

Which molecules escape?

A the molecules at the bottom of the liquid with less energy than others
B the molecules at the bottom of the liquid with more energy than others
C the molecules at the surface with less energy than others
D the molecules at the surface with more energy than others
[1]

[Total: 1]

7 Brownian motion is observed by looking at smoke particles through a microscope.

How do the smoke particles move in Brownian motion?

A all in the same direction

B at random
C in circles
D vibrating about fixed points
[1]

[Total: 1]
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8 Liquid X has a higher specific heat capacity than liquid Y.

What does this mean?

A 1 kg of liquid X needs to be given more energy than 1 kg of liquid Y to make it evaporate.

B 1 kg of liquid X releases more energy than 1 kg of liquid Y when it freezes.
C More energy needs to be supplied to 1 kg of liquid X than to 1 kg of liquid Y for their
temperatures to rise by the same amount.
D The temperature of 1 kg of liquid X rises more than the temperature of 1 kg of liquid Y when
they are given the same amount of energy.
[1]

[Total: 1]

9 The diagram shows a cooling unit in a refrigerator.

cooling
unit

Why is the cooling unit placed at the top?

A Cold air falls and warm air is displaced upwards.

B Cold air is a bad conductor so heat is not conducted into the refrigerator.
C Cold air is a good conductor so heat is conducted out of the refrigerator.
D Cold air remains at the top and so prevents convection.
[1]

[Total: 1]
 5

10 Which statement about a gas in a container of constant volume is correct?

A The less often the gas molecules collide with the container walls, the higher the pressure.
B The lower the temperature of a gas, the more often its molecules collide with the container
walls.
C The pressure of a gas increases as its temperature decreases.
D The temperature of a gas increases as the speed of the gas molecules increases.
[1]

[Total: 1]

11 After a sheep has its wool cut off, it is harder for it to stay warm when the air temperature falls.

How does the wool help the sheep to stay warm?

A Air can circulate between the wool fibres and heat up the skin by convection.
B Air trapped by the wool fibres reduces heat losses from the skin by convection.
C The wool fibres are curly so it takes longer for heat to be conducted away from the skin.
D The wool fibres conduct heat to the skin from the air outside.
[1]

[Total: 1]
 6

12 The diagram shows a refrigerator.

The cooling unit is placed at the top. The cooling unit cools the air near it.

cooling unit

What happens to the density of the air as it cools and how does it move?

density of the air movement of the air

A decreases moves down

B decreases stays at the top
C increases moves down
D increases stays at the top

[1]

[Total: 1]

13 A metal tyre for a wooden wheel is made from an iron ring. This is shown in the figure.

wooden wheel

iron ring

joints

The iron ring is made slightly too small to fit on the wheel.

(a) Explain why heating the iron ring will help it fit on the wheel.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) Explain your answer to (a) in terms of the particles in the iron ring.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Explain what will happen to the iron ring after it has been fitted on the wheel and left to cool.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Suggest what happens to the joints in the wooden wheel after fitting the iron ring.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

14 A copper rod and a plastic rod each pass through holes in rubber bungs, so that their ends are
inside a tank, as shown in the figure.

hot rubber
water bung

copper rod

plastic rod

Both rods are covered with wax.

Very hot water is poured into the tank, covering the end of each rod.

(a) What, if anything, is seen happening on the rods during the next few minutes?

copper rod ........................................................................................................................

plastic rod ........................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) Explain your answers to (a).

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
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[Total: 4]

15 A copper rod and a plastic rod each pass through holes in rubber bungs, so that their ends are
inside a tank, as shown in the figure.

hot rubber
water bung

copper rod

plastic rod

Both rods are covered with wax.

Very hot water is poured into the tank, covering the end of each rod.

Explain, in terms of particles, how evaporation causes the hot water to cool.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

16 At night, the temperature in a laboratory falls.

Describe what can be seen happening to the liquid in a thermometer as the temperature falls, and
explain why this happens.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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17 During the day, the temperature in a laboratory rises. In the late afternoon a thermometer attached
to the ceiling records a higher temperature than a thermometer placed close to the ground.

Explain why this happens.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

18 As part of his meal, a workman has a cup containing a hot drink.

In order to keep the drink hot whilst he eats the rest of his meal, he covers the cup, as shown in
the figure.

Suggest one other way that the workman can help to keep the drink hot while he eats the rest of
his meal.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
 10

19 As part of his meal, a workman has a cup containing a hot drink.

In order to keep the drink hot whilst he eats the rest of his meal, he covers the cup, as shown in
the figure.

Which sources of energy loss does this action reduce? Tick two boxes.

convection from the surface of the liquid

evaporation from the surface of the liquid

conduction through the cup

radiation from the surface of the cup

[2]

[Total: 2]

20 The thermometer in the figure is recording the temperature of a laboratory.

–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

°C

The bulb of the thermometer is placed in pure, boiling water at standard atmospheric pressure.

State the temperature increase.

temperature increase = .................................................................°C [1]

[Total: 1]

21 The apparatus shown in the figure is being used to view the movement of some smoke particles
trapped in a box.
 11

microscope

air molecules
and
light smoke particles

(a) Describe what is seen when the smoke is viewed through the microscope.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

22 The figure shows a quantity of gas in a cylinder fitted with a piston P.

gas

(a) The piston is now slowly pushed down to decrease the volume of the gas. The temperature
of the gas does not change.

State and explain, in terms of molecules, what happens to the pressure of the gas.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
 12

5
(b) Before pushing the piston down, the pressure of the gas was 1.0 × 10 Pa. Pushing the piston
3 3
down reduces the volume of the gas from 500 cm to 240 cm .

Calculate the final pressure of the gas.

pressure = ..................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

23 Describe an experiment to demonstrate the difference between good and bad emitters of infra-red
radiation. You may include a diagram to help your description. State what readings should be taken.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
 13

24 The figure shows a cylinder of aluminium heated by an electric heater.

electric heater
C.I.E. Power Pack

thermometer
V
+ –

aluminium cylinder

The mass of the cylinder is 800 g. The heater delivers 8700 J of thermal energy to the cylinder and
the temperature of the cylinder increases by 12 °C.

Calculate a value for the specific heat capacity of aluminium.

specific heat capacity = ....................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]
 14

25 The figure shows a cylinder of aluminium heated by an electric heater.

electric heater
C.I.E. Power Pack

thermometer
V
+ –

aluminium cylinder

The mass of the cylinder is 800 g. The heater delivers 8700 J of thermal energy to the cylinder and
the temperature of the cylinder increases by 12 °C.

State and explain a method of improving the accuracy of the experiment.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
 15

26 The liquids in five liquid-in-glass thermometers A, B, C, D and E expand linearly with temperature.
All the thermometers have scales marked in °C. The figure accurately represents the scales of
these five thermometers.

°C

°C
°C 45
110
50
°C
300

°C
250

0
–50 –10 0 100 30
A B C D E

The distance on thermometer B between the 110 °C mark and the −10 °C mark is 18 cm.

Calculate the length of the liquid thread above the −10 °C mark when the temperature recorded by
B is 70 °C.

length = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
 16

27 The expansion of a liquid is an example of a physical property that may be used to measure
temperature.

State two other physical properties that may also be used to measure temperature.

1. the ................................................................. of

..................................................................

2. the ................................................................. of

................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]