UNDERSTANDING DEPRESSION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MENTAL WELL-BEING OF

DON FILOMENO M. TORRES MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

A Senior High School Research Proposal

Presented to the Faculty of Don Filomeno M. Torres Memorial National High School

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject Research Project

Prepared by:

Mark Eugene Borinaga

Leigh Venice Tañajora Morata

Charlene Quijano Sendo

Jonathan Coraza Ritor

John Klent Palomares Sevillano

Junna Marie Telempros

August 2024

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE ………………….…………………………………… 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………….…………………………………… 2

APPROVAL SHEET ………………….…………………………………… 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………….…………………………………… 4

ABSTRACT ………………….…………………………………… 5

CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the study ………………….…………………………………… 6

Conceptuall Framework ………………….…………………………………… 7

Statement of the Problem ………………….…………………………………… 8

Scope and Delimitation ………………….…………………………………… 9

Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………… 10

Definition of Terms …………….………………………………………… 12

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature and Studies ……………………………………………… 13

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 APPROVAL SHEET

Don Filomeno M. Torres Memorial National High School

Montserrat, Pilar, Cebu

This research entitled "UNDERSTANDING DEPRESSION AND IT'S IMPACT ON THE

MENTAL WELL-BEING OF DON FILOMENO M. TORRES MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH

SCHOOL STUDENTS S.Y. 2023 – 2024” prepared and submitted by Mark Eugene Borinaga,

Leigh Venice Tañajora Morata Charlene Quijano Sendo, Jonathan Coraza Ritor, John Klent

Palomares Sevillano,Junna Marie Telempros (Humanities and Social Sciences) in partial

fulfillment of Research Project has been examined and is recommended for approval and

acceptance.

RESEARCH COMMITTEE

CHESTERJOHN CHIONG
Chairman

ELNIE F. NOVELA RHEA ADELINE SOTTO EVELYN M.

CARTA
Panel Member Panel Member Panel Member

DARLENE MAE C. RAMIREZ

Research Adviser

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to acknowledge with sincere thanks and heartfelt gratitude and

appreciation to the special persons who contributed much for the fulfillment of this study.

To our research adviser Mrs. Darlene Mae C. Ramirez, for her ideas and substantial

knowledge, and constructive criticisms which serve as our foundation and challenge for the

success of our research.

To our adviser, Mrs. Rhea Adeline Sotto, for her effort, patience, immeasurable support,

guidance, and concern in making this research study possible.

To our panelists, for their constructive comments to improve this.

To our parents, for their uncounted support, emotionally, morally, spiritually, and most of

all financially.

To our friends and loved ones who give their support, cheers, and encouragement.

To the respondents who cooperatively and honestly answered the questionnaires.

To the teacher who gives their support in making this research paper.

Above all, to our almighty Father, the source of everything, for giving us guidance and

strength to hurdle all the obstacles in making this research successfully.

To all of you. Thank you very much.

The Researchers

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 ABSTRACT

This study understand the impact of depression to the mental well-being of Filomenian

students. This study uses the combination of quantitative and qualitative method and employ

survey questionnaires. It sought to answer the following; (1) the profile of the respondents in

terms of; (a) age, (b) gender, (c) grade level, (d) birth order (e) family income (2) the prevalence

rate of depression among DFMTMNHS students and how does it compare to national average

(3) a significant relation between the severity of depression symptoms and academic

performance (4) different types of interventions affect the understanding of depression and its

impact on the mental well-being. The research respondents were 160 students of Don Filomeno

M. Torres Memorial National High School. This study will be conducted at Don Filomeno M.

Torres Memorial National High School located at Montserrat, Pilar, Cebu. This is directed to all

Junior and Senior High School students of DFMTMNHS during the school year 2023 – 2024.

Our findings indicate that the understanding depression have a impact on the mental well-being

of Filomenian students.

Keywords: Depression, Mental well-being

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 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the study

Depression (major depressive disorder) is the most common and serious medical

illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act.

Fortunately, it is also treatable. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or loss of

interest in activities you once enjoyed. Depression can affect people of all ages, but it is

particularly prevalent among adolescents and young adults. Depression is a commonly

unattended health problem, unbounded by age border, and greatly affecting student’s

performance in their study (Khurshid, et al. 2007)

This analysis confirmed the strength of the connection between the student’s

social/emotional and academic experience of school, and highlighted that both

academic and social/emotional outcomes are unambiguously influenced by the quality

of the relationships between teachers and students which, when compared with that of

family and peers, exert the strongest influence, on well-being and achievement

outcomes for students (Harvey, 2010). There is a growing need to understand the

factors that contribute to depression in adolescents and young adults, and to develop

effective interventions to address this issue. According to Verboom, et al. (2014), that

depressive problems and academic performance, social well-being, and social problems

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 in adolescents are strongly associated. However, longitudinal and bidirectional relations

between the two remain unclear, as well as the role of gender. Consequently, this study

focuses on the relation between depressive problems and three types of functioning in

adolescents while testing gender differences.

This research study aims to contribute to this body of knowledge by examining

the prevalence and impact of depression among high school students in DFMTMNHS.

The study will explore the factors that may contribute to depression in this population,

and it will provide insights into the experiences of students who are struggling with this

condition.

Conceptual framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

The profiles of
respondents in terms of; 1. Profiling
1.1 Age Proposed
2. Survey Tool
1.2 Gender Intervention
1.3 Grade Level 3. Semi-structured Program
interviews
1.4 Birth Order
1.5 Family Income

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Figure 1. The schematic diagram of the Input, Process, and Output Approach of the

Study

This conceptual framework shows the input, process, and output approach of the

study. The input is the terms of the respondents profile which is socio-economic. The

process includes the tools and interviews in gathering the data, while the output is the

outcome based on the result of the study.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to understand depression and its impact to the mental well-being of

DFMTMNHS students. Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following question;

1.What is the profiles of respondents in terms of;

1.1. Age

1.2.Gender

1.3.Grade level

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 1.4. Birth order

1.5. Family income

2. What is the prevalence rate of depression among DFMTMNHS students and how

does it compare to national average?

3. Is there a significant relation between the severity of depression symptoms and

academic performance among DFMTMNHS students?

4. How do different types of interventions affect the understanding of depression and its

impact on the mental well-being of DFMTMNHS students over a school year?

Scope ang Delimitation

This research study aims to understand depression and its impact to the mental well-

being on the students. This study focuses on senior high school students as the primary

respondents. This research will be conducted in DFMTMNHS and will be limited to a

sample size of 160 students. The research will be conducted over a period of two

months, focusing on data collection and analysis within this time frame.

The research will utilize a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to gather

data. Quantitative data will be collected using a standardized depression inventory,

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such as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), to measure the severity of depressive

symptoms. Qualitative data will be collected through semi-structured interviews with

participants to explore their experiences with depression and its impact on their mental

well-being. This research aims to provide insights into understanding depression,

acknowledging the limitations inherent in a small sample size and the specific

geographic location of the study.

Significance of our study

The purpose of this study is to understand depression and its impact on the mental well-

being of DFMTMNHS students. This study was design to know the perspective of

DFMTMNHS students about depression. The study of perspective of DFMTMNHS

students about depression will be beneficial to significant people.

The outcome of the study are beneficial to the following:

Students. The result of this study will help the students to be aware of

depression and how can it affect their daily lives and it can provide students more

insights and knowledge about depression. Some symptoms that they aren't aware of it

will give then ideas how students like them view depression they would be able to relate

themselves with this study, and they can avoid it and not to cause mental breakdown

that lead to the worsening of health conditions.

Teachers. This study will help them aware of their students situation and provide

them a counseling session or seek a healthcare provider or mental health professional

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that can give them an accurate diagnosis and suggest treatment options, and will also

help them understand how DFMTMNHS students who show signs of depression are

living and give them ideas what to do with the teenagers of DFMTMNHS students who

has insufficient knowledge about depression.

School administrator. The results of the study will help government official to

have an idea to make programs and seminar about depression, and make them

implement a rules to stop bullying, spreading throughout the school and help the victim

of bullying so they won't end up depressed that lead to self-harm or death.

Parents. This study will help them to know if their child is experiencing

depression. This will also help them realize how important good-relationship with their

children and how support, love, and care are important to every youth, and it makes

them aware of what's happening so they can prevent it, so that their children can't

Increase their chance of other health conditions, like dementia that can lead to a variety

of emotional and physical problems and can decreased students ability to function at

school and at home.

Researchers. As a future entrepreneur, this study will tremendously and

motivate researchers to be more productive and to find new solutions to challenges that

may affect their own journey as a researcher.

Future Researchers. It will be important material for future researcher in that it

will provide results on issues that might impact the students. Future researchers can

use it as a reference.

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Definition of terms

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)- This term refers to a specific example of a

standardized depression inventory that is commonly used in research.

Dementia- This term refers to a group of brain disorders that cause a decline in

cognitive function, affecting memory, thinking, language, and behavior.

Depression (major depressive disorder)- This term refers to a common and serious

medical illness that negatively affects mood, thinking, and behavior. While treatable, it

can cause feelings of sadness, loss of interest, and difficulty engaging in activities once

enjoyed.

Entrepreneur- This term refers to a person who sets up a business or businesses,

taking on financial risks in the hope of profit. They are often innovative and creative in

their approach to business.

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Mental well-being- This term refers to an individual's overall emotional, psychological,

and social health. It encompasses their ability to cope with stress, maintain positive

relationships, and feel good about themselves.

Productive- This term refers to the ability to be effective and efficient in achieving

goals, particularly in the context of research.

Tremendously- This term refers to means extremely, exceptionally, or very greatly. It

emphasizes the intensity or magnitude of something.

Unambiguously- This term refers to means clearly and without any doubt or possibility

of misinterpretation. It implies that something is stated or understood in a way that

leaves no room for confusion.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

Review of Related Literature

Depression is prevalent in high school students. Low self-esteem, low perceived social

support from peers and family, and inefficient problem solving skills appears to be risk

factors for adolescent depression. Low GPA for boys and low paternal education for

girls were gender specific risk factors. Psychosocial interventions geared for increasing

self-esteem, social support and problem solving skills may be effective in the prevention

and treatment of adolescent depression, ( Eskın, et al. 2008). According to Morales, et

al.(2015) emotional processes are important to survive. The Darwinian adaptive concept

of stress refers to natural selection since evolved individuals have acquired effective

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strategies to adapt to the environment and to unavoidable changes. If demands are

abrupt and intense, there might be insufficient time to successful responses. Usually,

stress produces a cognitive or perceptual evaluation (emotional memory) which

motivates to make a plan, to take a decision and to perform an action to face

successfully the demand.

Based on the study of Chen and Wei (2011) notice the majority of research on the

outcome of school violence has been conducted in Western countries. Empirical studies

on how school violence impacts student psychological well-being in a Chinese cultural

context are relatively limited. The aim of this study was to address this gap by exploring

how student maltreatment by teachers, student perpetration against students, and

student victimization by other students affected the self-esteem and depression of 1,376

junior high school students in Taiwan. The current study also explored how gender,

family socioeconomic status (SES), student–teacher relationships and peer support

moderate the impact of school violence. Structural equation analyses showed that

student victimization by students and student perpetration of violence against students

successfully predicted depression, but not self-esteem. Student maltreatment by

teachers was associated with neither depression nor self-esteem. Multigroup analyses

showed that relationships among the variables were similar across gender, family

socioeconomic status, or student–teacher relationships. However, the impact of student

victimization on depression was stronger for subgroups with a low level of peer support

than for those with a high level of peer support. The overall findings suggest that

depression is the major consequence of school violence in Taiwan and that the impact

of student victimization by fellow students on depression is buffered by positive peer

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support. Implications for theory, intervention and recommendations for future research

are discussed.

Man (1999) observe English-Canadian (104 boys, 96 girls) and French-Canadian (272

boys, 286 girls) high school students participated in this study of the relationship

between suicide ideation and selected variables (age, gender, self-esteem, locus of

control, stress, social support, anomy, health, alcohol use, and drug use), with the effect

of depression removed. Partial correlation analyses showed that removal of the effect of

depression resulted in a loss of or a reduction in the respective relationships between

suicide ideation and its correlates. The results suggest that researchers must control for

depression if they want to ascertain true correlates of suicidal behavior. English‐

Canadian high school students (129 boys, 117 girls) participated in a study of the

relationship between suicidal ideation and selected personal variables, stress, and

social support. Associations were found between suicidal ideation and the variables of

gender, self‐esteem, locus of control, depression, drug use, stress, perception of health,

family status, academic performance, social support, and anomie. Multiple regression

analysis identified depression and alcohol use as best individual predictors among

these variables. Semi‐partial correlation analyses showed that removal of the effect of

depression resulted in a loss of initially significant relationships between suicidal

ideation and the other variables except for alcohol use, drug use, and health satisfaction

( Man and Leduc, 1995).

Gao, et al. (2020) discover that depression is a common mental illness among senior

high school students. It is widely agreed that depression has a great impact on the

student engagement. However, there is little report on the impact mechanism. This

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paper attempts to ascertain the relationship between depression and student

engagement, and the mechanism of resilience in this relationship. For this purpose, 374

senior high school students were selected, and evaluated against The Zung Self-Rating

Depression Scale, The Student Engagement in School Scale and The Connor-Davidson

Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Through data analysis, it is concluded that depression is

negatively correlated with resilience and student engagement, and can be predicted

based on the two factors; resilience mediates the relationship between depression and

student engagement in three dimensions, namely, personal competence, tolerance of

negative effect, and control of negative effect; depression affects student engagement

through resilience. Lewinsohn, et al. (1993) analyze data that were collected on the

point and lifetime prevalences, 1-year incidence, and comorbidity of depression with

other disorders (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [3rd ed., rev.]) in

a randomly selected sample (n= 1,710) of high school students at point of entry and at

1-year follow-up (n= 1,508). The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for

School-Age Children was used to collect diagnostic information; 9.6% met criteria for a

current disorder, more than 33% had experienced a disorder over their lifetimes, and

31.7% of the latter had experienced a second disorder. High relapse rates were found

for all disorders, especially for unipolar depression (18.4%) and substance use (15.0%).

Female subjects had significantly higher rates at all age levels for unipolar depression,

anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and adjustment disorders; male subjects had higher

rates of disruptive behavior disorders.

References

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Chen, J-K. & Wei, H-S. (2011). The impact of school violence on self-esteem and

depression among Taiwanese junior high school students. Social indicators research

100, 479-498

Eskın, M., Ertekın, K., Harlak, H., & Dereboy, C. (2008). Prevalence of and Factors

Related to Depression in High School Students.Turkish journal of psychiatry 19 (4),

Gao, F., Mei, Q., & Guo C. (2020). Relationship between depression and student

engagement of senior high school students and the mediating role of resilience. Revista

Argentina de Clinica Psicologica 29 (1), 14,

Murray-Harvey, R. (2010) Relationship influences on students' academic achievement,

psychological health and well-being at school. Educational and child psychology 27 (1),

104.

Khurshid S., Parveen, Q., Yousuf, M.I., & Chaundhry, A. G. (2007) Effects of depression

on students’academic performance. Psychiatry 903-912.

Lewinsohn, P.M., Hops, H., & Roberts, R.E., Seeley, J.R., Andrews, J.A. (1993).

Adolescent psychopathology: I. Prevalence and incidence of depression and other

DSM-III—R disorders in high school students. Journal of abnormal psychology 102 (1),

133,

Man, A.D. (1999). Correlates of suicide ideation in high school students: The

importance of depression. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 160 (1), 105-114

Man, A.D., & Leduc, C. (1995). Suicidal ideation in high school students: Depression

and other correlates. Journal of Clinical Psychology 51 (2), 173-181

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Bernal-Morales, B., Rodríguez-Landa, J.F., & Pulido-Criollo F. (2015). Impact of anxiety

and depression symptoms on scholar performance in high school and university

students. A fresh look at anxiety disorders 225

Verboom, C.E., Sijtsema, J. J., Verhulst F.C., Penninx, B.WJH., & Ormel, J. (2014)

Longitudinal associations between depressive problems, academic performance, and

social functioning in adolescent boys and girls. Developmental psychology 50 (1), 247.

ABSTRACT

This study assesses the effects of gadgets use on learning outcomes of Filomenian students.
This study uses quantitative method and employ survey questionnaires. It sought to answer the
following; (1) the profile of the respondents in terms of; (a) age, (b) gender, (c) grade level, (2)
positive impact of extracurricular activities to self-development, and (3) the possible

18
recommendation that can be crafter. We use two theories; Multiple Intelligences and Social
Cognitive. The research respondents were 169 students of Don Filomeno M. Torres Memorial
National High School. This study will be conducted at Don Filomeno M. Torres Memorial
National High School located at Montserrat, Pilar, Cebu. This is directed to all Junior and Senior
High School students of DFMTMNHS during the school year 2024 – 2025. Our findings indicate
that the positive and negative effects of gadgets use on learning outcomes of Filomenian
students.

19
 ABSTRACT

This study assesses the impact of bullying on mental health of Filomenian students. This study uses

quantitative method and employ survey questionnaires. It sought to answer the following; (1) the profile

of the respondents in terms of; (a) age, (b) gender, (c) grade level, (2) positive impact of extracurricular

activities to self-development, and (3) the possible recommendation that can be crafter. We use two

theories; Multiple Intelligences and Social Cognitive. The research respondents were 169 students of

Don Filomeno M. Torres Memorial National High School. This study will be conducted at Don Filomeno

M. Torres Memorial National High School located at Montserrat, Pilar, Cebu. This is directed to all Junior

and Senior High School students of DFMTMNHS during the school year 2024 – 2025. Our findings

indicate that the positive and negative impact of bullying on mental health of Filomenian students.

20