GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)

SMARTFOCUS CHEMISTRY QUICK REVISION

SERIES EXAMS 1-20
PAPER 1

FOR MARKING SCHEMES AND MORE TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS CONTACT US ON 0724351706/0726960003
 NAME………………………………………INDEX No………….……/…..

SIGNATURE………………………………..DATE…………………………

CHEMISTRY 233/1

PAPER 1(THEORY)

TIME:2 HOURS

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES EXAMS

SERIES 1
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the data of examination in the spaces provided above.
c) Answer All the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
d) Non-programmable silent electronic calculators may be used.
e) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
f) This paper consists of 14 printed pages.
g) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are
printed as indicated and that no questions are missing
h) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

FOR EXAMINERS ONLY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 GRAND TOTAL

CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

For marking schemes and more Post Mock papers for all subjects
1) The following set up was used to separate sand and water. study it and answer
the questions that follows.

i. Identify the method of separation. 1mk

ii. Give a special name given to solid X and liquid Y. 2mks

2. The table below gives the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in
substance X, Y and Z. study it and answer the questions that follow.

Substance Electrons Protons Neutrons

X 10 10 10
Y 10 8 10
Z 8 8 8

a. Which letters represent an ion? ( ½ mk)

b. Which of the substances are isotopes? Explain. (1 1/2mks)

c. Calculate the mass number of substance Y. (1mk)

Page 2 of 14
 3. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

Copper metal

Ammonia
Drying agent Heated black solid Y
Gas

Nitrogen

a. Name the suitable drying agent for ammonia. (1mk)

b. Describe one chemical test for ammonia. (1mk)

c. Name Y. (1mk)

4. Given that the atomic number of element Y is 12 and that of Z is 9.

a. Write the electronic arrangement of Y and Z. (1mk)

b. Draw the dot (.) and cross (x) diagram for the compound formed by Y
and Z.
(1mk)

c. Which type of structure is formed in the compound formed above?

(1mk)

Page 3 of 14
5. 20.0cm3 of a solution containing 4g per litre of sodium hydroxide was
neutralized by 8.0cm3 of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid. Calculate the
concentration of sulphuric (VI) acid in moles per litre. (Na=23, O=16, H=1,
S=32) (3mks)

6. Describe how you can extract oil from ground nuts? (3marks)

7. Passing a small quantity of carbon (iv) oxide through calcium hydroxide,

forms a white precipitate which dissolves when excess carbon (IV) oxide is
bubbled through.
a) Name the white precipitate. ( ½ mk)

b) Explain using a chemical equation why the white precipitate dissolves

in excess carbon (IV) oxide. (1 ½ mks)

c) What will happen when solution in (b) above is boiled? (1mk)

Page 4 of 14
8. The scheme below represents some reactions starting with a white solid A.

2MH2SO4 Colourless
Yellow solid B
solution P

White solid A Heat Excess NH4+ (aq)

Carbon (IV) Colourless

Oxide solution Z

a) Identify solid A (1mk)

b) Write an equation for the reaction between solid B and 2M sulphuric

(VI) acid. (1mk)

c) Write ionic equation for the formation of colourless solution Z.(1mk)

9. Some reaction of metals P,Q,R, and S are given below.

Metal Reaction with water Reaction with dilute
hydrochloric acid
P A few bubbles form Vigorous reaction. Gas
slowly in water is given off
Q Vigorous reaction , Explosive reaction
metal melts gas given (Should not be
off attempted)
R No reaction No reaction
S Does not react with Steady fizzing
cold water. Hot metal
reacts with steam
a) Arrange the metals in order of the reactivity starting with the least
reactive.(1mk)

Page 5 of 14
 b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between metal Q and water
1mk

c) Which of the metals could be copper? Explain. (1mk)

10. The diagram below shows the laboratory preparation of hydrochloric acid.

a) State the condition necessary for the reaction to occur. (1mk)

b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between sodium chloride

and concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid. (1mk)

c) Give one reason why an inverted funnel is used instead of delivery

tube. (1mk)

Page 6 of 14
11. Use the reaction scheme below to answer the questions that follow.

Process y Ni /180OC
Alkanol X Propene Compound Z
H2

a) Draw the structure of alkanol X. (1mk)

b) Name process Y. (1mk)

c) Write the molecular formula of the 5th member in which propene

belong. (1mk)

12. Study the reaction below and answer the questions that follow

NH3 (g) + H2O (l) NH4+ (aq) + OH-(aq)

(a) Define the term acid 1mk

(b) Identify an acid in the above reaction 1mk

(c) Explain your answers in (b) above 1mk

13. Define;
a) Solubility 1mk

b) The solubility of Iron (II) Sulphate crystals is 22 oC is 15.65g per 100g of

water. Calculate the mass of iron(II) sulphate crystals in 45g of
saturated solution at the same temperature. 2mks

Page 7 of 14
 14. In an attempt to prepare a gas, Njeri added concentrated hydrochloric
acid to Potassium manganate. The products were then passed through two
wash bottles containing water and concentrated sulphuric acid

(a) Name the gas prepared 1mk

(b) Name the purpose of wash bottle:

(i) Containing water? 1mk

(ii) Containing concentrated sulphuric acid? 1mk

15. A fixed mass of gas occupies 200 cm 3 at a temperature of 230c and a

pressure of 740 mm Hg. Calculate the volume of the gas at -25 0c and 790
mm Hg pressure. 2mks

16. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow

Bond type bond energy kJmol-1

C-C 346

C=C 610

C-H 413

C-Br 280

Br-Br 193

a) Calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction 2mks

C2H4(g) + Br2(g) C2H4Br2(g)

Page 8 of 14
 b) Name the type of reaction that took place in (a) above 1 mark

17. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow:

NH4+(g) + Cl-(g)

∆H2

∆H1

NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Energy

∆H3
NH4Cl(s)

Reaction Co-ordinate

Reaction Co-ordinate

a) What do ∆H1 and ∆H2 represent?

∆H1 1mk

∆H2 1mk

b) Write an expression to show the relationship between ∆H 1, ∆H2 and ∆H3.

1mk

Page 9 of 14
 18. Nitrogen and hydrogen react reversibly according to the equation:-

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g); H = -92kjmol-1

(a) How would the yield of ammonia be affected by:

(i) A increase in temperature. 2mks

(ii) An increase in pressure. 1mk

19. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that
follow:

Element Atomic radius (nm) Ionic radius (nm)

W 0.114 0.195

X 0.072 0.136

Y 0.133 0.216

Z 0.099 0.181

(a) Would these form part of a metallic or a non-metallic group? Explain

1 ½ mks

(b) Suggest an element in the table above likely to be the most reactive.
Explain 1 ½ mks

Page 10 of 14
20. Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: 3mks

(i) CH3COOCH2CH3

ii) CH3CH2COOH

iii) CH2 = C – CHCH3

Br

21. The structure below represents a cleansing agent.

R – S – O-Na+

a) State the type of cleansing agent represented above 1mk

b) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using the above cleansing agent.

2mks

22. The grid below represents part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the
questions that follow:

S R E X

Q Z M T V

(a) (i) Identify the element that gains electrons most readily 1mk

Page 11 of 14
 (ii) Which of the metal is most reactive? Explain 1mk

(iii) What name is given to the family of elements to which elements X and
T belong? 1mk

23. 3.52g of Carbon (IV) Oxide and 1.40g of water are produced when a mass of a
hydrocarbon is completely burnt in oxygen. Determine the empirical formula
of the hydrocarbon;(H = 1 , C= 12, O = 16) 3mks

24. (a) Hydrogen can reduce coppers Oxide but not alluminium oxide.
Explain 1mk

(b) When water reacts with potassium metal the hydrogen produced ignites
explosively on the surface of water.

(i) What causes this ignition? 1mk

(ii) Write an equation to show how this ignition occurs 1mk

Page 12 of 14
 25. The diagram below shows the extraction of sulphur by Frasch process.
A
B

Ground level
Sulphur beds

a) State the uses of pipes A, B and C. 3mks

26. The set-up below was used to prepare dry sample of hydrogen sulphide
gas

(a) (i) Complete the diagram to show how the gas was collected 2mks

Page 13 of 14
 (ii) Identify the following:-

I. Solid H ½ mk

II. Solid I ½ mk

27. Define the following terms:

a) Malleability. 1mk

b) Ductility. 1mk

c) Give an example of element with the above properties. 1mk

Page 14 of 14
 SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES EXAMS
SERIES 2
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
233/ 1 Paper 1
Chemistry
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003
For marking schemes and more Post Mock papers for all subjects

Name …………………………………………….……… Adm Number…………………………

Candidate’s Signature ………………….…...……….. Date …………………………………

Instructions To Candidates
a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided
c) Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided
d) Mathematical table and electronic calculators may be used.
e) ALL working MUST be shown clearly where necessary
f) Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all pages are printed as indicated
and no questions are missing
For Examiner’s Use Only
QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORES

1 – 31 80

1
1. a) Name and provide the function of the following pieces of apparatus.

Name: ( ½ Mark)
Function ½ mark

b) Name: ( ½ Mark)
Function ½ mark

2. A mixture consists of sulphur and iron filings.

a) Describe how to obtain sulphur from the mixture using methylbenzene. (2 marks)

b) Is the mixture homogenous or heterogeneous? Explain. (1 mark)

3. Proteins are obtained from amino acid monomers. Complete the equation below to show how the
polymer is formed. (1 mark)
H2N CH2 COOH + H2N CH2CH2COOH

b) Name the type of polymerization shown above. (1 mark)

2
 4. The energy level diagram below is for the reversible reaction.
X2(g) + 3 Y2(g) 2 XY3 (g

Energy (kJ)

X2 (g) + 3Y2 (g)

0

2 XY3 (g)
Reaction path

a)Explain how the decrease in temperature will affect the above reaction (2 marks)

b) Sketch on the same axes the energy level diagram for a catalyzed reaction assuming that the above
energy level diagram is for uncatalysed reaction. (1 mark)
5. The set-up below shows how nitrogen gas is prepared in the laboratory.

Nitrogen
Mixture of gas
ammonium chloride
and sodium nitrite
Water

Heat Substance L

3
 a) Describe how nitrogen gas is formed in the flask. (2 marks)

b) Nitrogen gas is inert. State one use of the gas based on this property. (1 mark)

6. Unstable nuclide had the equation below occurring. Study the equation and answer the question that
follows:
1 1
𝑂𝑛 1𝑃 +𝑌
a) Name particle Y (1 mark)

b) What is the effect of particles towards a magnetic field? (1 mark)

c) Precisely classify the radioactive process above. (1 mark)

7. Starting with copper turnings describe how a sample of copper (II) carbonate can be prepared.
(3 marks)

8. When dilute hydrochloric acid was added to iron (II) sulphide, a colourless gas W with a characteristic
smell of rotten eggs was produced.
a) Name gas W. ( ½ mark)

b) Explain how the above gas can be collected. (1 ½ mark)

4
c) Give the test for gas W. (1 mark)

9. a) Name the chief ore from which lead is extracted and give its chemical formula. (1 mark)

b) Describe the froth floatation process in the extraction of lead metal. (2 marks)

10. a) Determine the oxidation number of sulphur in S2O82- hence write the electron arrangement of
sulphur. (2 marks)

b) The standard electrode potentials of a metal G and iron are given below.
Fe2+(aq) + 2e-- Fe(s) - 0.44V
G2+aq + 2e- G(s) - 0.91V
A piece of iron is coated with metal G. If the coating is scratched, would the iron be protected from
rusting. Explain. (2 marks)

11. Study the equation below

Process Q
Al2 Cl6 (g) 2AlCl3 (s)
A Process P B
a) Name process Q. (1 mark)

b) Of what application is this equation? (1 mark)

5
c) List two other substances which show this process. (1 mark)

12. R – OO- Na+ and R – CH2 OSO3- Na + represent two types of cleansing agents. (1 mark)
a) Name the class of cleansing agent to which each belongs.
R – COO- – Na+ ( ½ mark)
R – CH2 OSO3- Na+ ( ½ mark)

b) Which of the above cleansing agent is likely to pollute the environment? Explain. (2 marks)

13. Ammonia gas in solution dissociates according to the equation below.

NH3(g) + H2 O(1) NH4+ + OH-
a) Identify the acidic species in the forward reaction. Explain. (1 mark)

b) Write the formula of the complex formed when ammonia is added to copper (II) sulphate solution
until in excess. (1 mark)

c) What observation is made in (b) above. (1 mark)

14. The graph below represents the solubility curve of a gas in water.

6
Solubility(g/100g

water

Temperature (oC)
(a) State and explain the conclusion that can be drawn from this curve about the solubility of the gas.
(1mark)

b) Study the information in the table below on solubility and answer the questions that follow.

Salt Solubility (g 1 100 g H2 O

At 600 C At 40 oC
Cu SO4 40 28
Pb (N03)2 99 79

Calculate the mass of copper (II) sulphate that will crystalize if 40g of a saturated solution is cooled from
60 oC to 40 oC. ( 2 marks )

15. Carbon is known to occur in different forms is solid form. Study the diagram below and answer the
question that follow.

14
6𝑐 Diamond
P Q
Carbon

7
 12 Graphite
6𝐶

a) Name the natural phenomena exhibition by the path.

i) P (1 mark)

ii) Q (1 mark)

b) Give one use of 146𝑐 ( 1 mark)

c) Provide an explanation why graphite is used in the HB pencil. (1 mark)

16. a) The diagram below represent the Frasch process.

C
B

Name the substances that pass through A and C.

A…………………………………………………………………………………………..(1 mark)
C………………………………………………………………………………………….. (1 mark)

b)Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

Iron

Heat HCl (aq)

Compound T Gas X

Sulphur

8
a) Name gas X. (1 mark)

b) State the observation made when gas X is bubbled through a tube containing Iron (III) chloride
(1 mark)

17. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
Water
Carbon Acid A
(IV)oxide Burning magnesium
ribbon
White solid B+ Black specs

+ water
Alkaline solution C

Write the formula of substances A, B and C ( 3 marks)

A………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
B………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
C………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

19. Below is a sketch required to investigate the reaction between chlorine and heated iron. Use it to
answer the question that follow.

Drying agent
Chlorine

Iron A B

Heat
a) Name a suitable drying agent shown above. (1 mark)

9
b) The iron powder is heated before chlorine is passed over it. What would be observed when chlorine
comes in contact with hot iron. (1 mark)

c) Write an equation for the reaction in A. (1 mark)

19. In Turkana, gnawing chalk was used to fight excess stomach acid. A patient suffering from intestinal
ulcer released 30 cm3 of 1M hydrochloric acid in his stomach. He chewed 5g of impure chalk to
neutralize the acid released. (Ca = 40, C = 12, O = 16)
a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction that took place. (1 mark)

b) Calculate the number of moles of calcium carbonate used up. (1 mark)

c) Calculate the percentage impurity of calcium carbonate (chalk) used. (1 mark)

20. The table below show elements represented by letters P, Q, R, S, T, U and V and their atomic
numbers.
Elements P Q R S T U V
Atomic 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
number

a) In which period of the periodic table do these elements belong? (1 mark)

b) How does the atomics radius of P compared with that of U? (2 marks)

10
c) Which of these ions P+ and Q+ is more stable? Explain. (1 ½ marks)

21. The diagram below represents the industrial manufacture of hydrochloric acid, study it and answer
the questions that follow.

Water

Glass beads

Hydrochloric
acid
Point Z
Hydrogen
Chlorine

a) Name one source of hydrogen and chlorine in this process.

Hydrogen (1 mark)

Chlorine (1 mark)

b) The reaction between chlorine and hydrogen can be explosive. How can this be avoided.
(1 mark)

c) What is the role of glass beads in the absorption chamber? (1 mark)

11
d) Explain why copper reacts with concentrated nitric (v) acid but doesn’t react with concentration
hydrochloric acid. (1 mark)

22. Draw a well labelled diagram of an electrolytic cell that can be used to purify impure copper metal.
(2 marks)

23. A mixture of phenolphthalein and methyl orange was separated as shown in the diagram.

a) Name the method used in the separation of the mixture. (1 mark)

b) State the colour of methyl orange in this experiment. (1 mark)

c) Phenolphthalein is usually colourless. Explain why it is pink in this experiment? (1 mark)

24. Calcium reacts with cold water. Explain two observations during the above reaction. (2 marks)

12
25. a) M grams of a radioactive isotope decayed to 5 grams in 100 days. The half life of the isotope is 25
day.
a) Define the term half life. (1 mark)

b) Calculate the initial mass of M of the radioactive isotope. (2 marks)

26 a) A student set up experiments as illustrated by the diagrams below. Before introducing each metal
into the solution it was cleaned.

A B C

Zinc metal Zinc metal Heavy metal

Copper (II) sulphate Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid

i)Why is it necessary to clean the metal pieces before introducing them into their respective beakers
( 1 mark)

ii) What observation were made immediately the metal pieces were introduced into the beakers A, B
and C? (3 marks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

13
 SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES EXAMS
SERIES 3
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
233/ 1 Paper 1
Chemistry
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003
For marking schemes and more Post Mock papers for all subjects

Name …………………………………………….……… Adm Number…………………………

Candidate’s Signature ………………….…...……….. Date …………………………………

Instructions To Candidates
a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided
c) Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided
d) Mathematical table and electronic calculators may be used.
e) ALL working MUST be shown clearly where necessary
f) Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all pages are printed as indicated
and no questions are missing
For Examiner’s Use Only
QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORES

1 – 31 80

1
1. The diagram below shows a set-up of apparatus used to separate immiscible liquids.

Mixture

Heat
a) Name the parts labelled A and B. (1 mark)
A

b) State the function of the part labelled A . (1 mark)

2. Element K (not actual symbol of the element) has isotopes with relative abundance as shown below.
Isotope abundance %
10
𝐾 18.69%
5
11
𝐾 81.28%
5
Calculate the relative atomic mass of K. (2 marks)

3. The table below gives the ionization energies of the alkali metals.
Element 1st ionization energy kJ mol
A 494
B 418
C 519

2
 Which of the three metals is the least reactive. Give a reason. (1mark)

4. A jar full of moist chlorine was inverted over a jar of hydrogen sulphide as shown below.

Moist chlorine

Hydrogen sulphide

(a) State the observation made. (1 mark)

(b) Write the equation for the reaction and show using oxidation numbers that the reaction
above is redox. (2 marks)

5. A piece of burning Magnesium was introduced into a gas jar of nitrogen, water was then added to
the products. The resultant solution was tested with litmus paper.

3
 (i) Explain the observation. (1mark)

(ii) Write an equation for the formation of the final solution. (1mark)

6. State one reagent that can be used to distinguish between the pairs of ions.

(a) Pb2+ (aq) Al3+(aq)

Reagent
Observation (2 marks)

(b) SO2-4 and SO32-

Reagent
Observation (2marks)

7. 20cm3 of sodium carbonate solution was reacted completely with 25cm3 of a 0.8M hydrochloric
acid according to the equations.
Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2 NaCl + CO2 + H2O
Calculate the concentration of sodium carbonate in grams per litre. (3 marks)

8. The electronic arrangement of ions of a certain element represented by letters P Q R and S.

P2- 2:8:8
Q2+ 2:8
R+ 2:8

4
 S 2:8:8

a) Explain why S is not represented as an ion. (1mark)

b) Which element has the largest atomic radius? Explain (1mark)

9. A label on a bottle of Hydrochloric acid has the following information;

Density 1.134gm and percentage purity 37%
Determine the molarity of the solution. (4 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. The PH values of some solutions are given below

PH 14.0 1.0 8.0 6.5 7.0

Solution M L N P Z

(a) Identify the solution with the lowest concentration of hydrogen ion. Give reason for your
answer (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Which solution would be used as an anti-acid for treating stomach upset. Give for your answer
(1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

11. The atomic number of P and S are 6 and 17 respectively.

5
 a) Using dots and cross draw the compound formed when P react with S. (1mark)

b) Name the type of bond and explain whether the compound would conduct
electricity. (2 marks)

12. A given volume of a gas G diffuses through a membrane in 10 seconds. Under same condition an
equal volume of oxygen diffuses for 12.5sec. Determine the molecular mass of G. (2 marks)

13. (a) Using an equation explain the observation made when sodium hydroxide is added to aluminum
oxide dropwise until in excess. (2 marks)

(b) Name the product of the reaction (1mark)

14. (a) Cynogen is a gaseous compound of carbon and Nitrogen only. 250cm3 Cynogen. On

complete combustion in oxygen. 750cm3 of nitrogen (iv) Oxide and 1000cm3 of the rest of product.
Determine the formula of cynogen. (3 marks)

6
 ………………………

b) Complete the reaction by indicating the polymer. (1mark)

15. A stream of Ammonia was bubbled in water containing litmus papers.

a) State one physical property of the gas (1mark)

b) Explain the observation made during the experiment. (1mark)

16. The diagram below is a section of a model of the structure of element K

7
 Key
+ + + + + + + charged nucleus

+ + + + + +
electron

+ + + + + +

a) State the type of bonding that exist in K (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) In which group of the periodic table does element K belong. Give a reason (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. Propene and propane both decolourises bromine liquid at different conditions.
a) Explain with an equation how the hydrocarbons decolourises bromine. (4 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

b) Complete the reaction by indicating the polymer (1mark)

C2H4
c) State type of reaction and calculate the value of n given the molecular mass of polymer is
33600. (4 marks)

18. Below is a chemical reaction

2SO2 + O2 2SO3 H-ve

8
 Using an energy level diagram represent the reaction when vanadium (V) oxide is used.
(2 marks)

a) State the effect of increase temperature to the equilibrium (1mark)

b) Give one characteristic of a dynamic equilibrium. (1mark)

19. Study the test below and answer the questions.

(i)
Test Observation
P is heated until no further change A colourless liquid condensed on the cooler
parts of the test tube
- A colourless gas which turns Aqueous
potassium chromate (VI) green was given out
and red-brown residue R was left.

(ii)
Chlorine gas was bubbled through Solution turn from green to yellow
an aqueous of P

a) Identify P

R 1mark)

b) Describe how a student would test for onion in solid P. (3 marks)

9
 c) Name one reagent that can be used to confirm cation in P. (1mark)

20. Name the main ores of. (2 marks)

a) Iron
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Copper
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) Sodium
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) Aluminium
……………………………………………………………………………………………………...

21. Calculate the oxidation number of P given the following P2O5 (1mark)

22. State and explain observation made when chlorine gas bubble through a solution of potassium
iodine. (2 marks)

23. Sketch the bond formed between the complex of tetramine copper(II) ions. (1mark)

10
24. Explain why graphite is used as a lubricant in machines. (3 marks)

25. Study the set up below and answer the questions that flows

State all the observations that would be made when the circuit is completed (3mks)

……..…………………………………………………………………….……………………..……
……..………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. Most natural water occurs as permanent hard water or temporary hard water.
a. Name two compounds that cause;
i. Temporary hardness (1mk)

……..…………………………………………………………………….…………………….

.…………..…………………………………………………………………………………….

ii. Permanent hardness (1mk)

……..…………………………………………………………………….…………………….

.…………..…………………………………………………………………………………….

11
 b. How is temporary hardness removed from water? (1mk)

……..…………………………………………………………………….……………………..……

……..…………………………………………………………………………………………………

c. State one disadvantage of using hard water in boilers. (1mk)

……..…………………………………………………………………….……………………..……

……..…………………………………………………………………………………………………

27. Use the information below to answer the questions that follow.
H2(g) +¹₂O2 H2O(l) ∆H1= -286KJ/Mol

C(s) + O2 (g) CO2(g) ∆H2 = -384KJ/Mol

C(s) +4H2 (g) +¹₂O2 (g) C3H7OH ∆H3 = -2686.6KJ/Mol

a) Define ‘enthalpy of formation’ (1mk)

……..…………………………………………………………………….……………………..…………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Determine the molar enthalpy of formation of propanol. (2mks)

……..…………………………………………………………………….……………………..……

……..…………………………………………………………………………………………………

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

12
 SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES EXAMS
SERIES 4
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
2023 Form Four Evaluation Programme

Name ………………………………………………………………. Index. No……………………………

School……………………………………………………………...... Date: ……………………………….

233/1
Chemistry Theory
Paper 1
Time: 2 Hours
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003
For marking schemes and more Post Mock papers for all subjects

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Write your name and school and index number in the spaces provided at the top of this page
2. All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
3. Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may be used.
4. Students should check the question paper to ascertain that all pages are printed as indicated and that no
questions are missing.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE

1 – 29 80

This paper consists of 11 printed pages. Candidates should check to ascertain that all pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing.

1
 1. In the extraction of zinc, the zinc ore is crushed to a powder, mixed with oil and water and air blown
through the mixture.
(a) What is the name given to this process? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Explain how this process works. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Name the chief ore from which zinc is extracted. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. (a) Using the oxidation number, identify and explain oxidizing and reducing agent (2 marks)
2 H2S(g) + SO2(g) → 3S(s) + 2H2O(l)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...........

(b) Atomic number of Sulphur is 16. Write the electron configuration of S in SO32- (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Name the process which takes place when: (3 marks)

(a) Solid carbon (IV) oxide changes to gas
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Red litmus paper turns white when dropped in chlorine water
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Ethene gas molecules are converted into giant molecules
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. 3.1g of an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only, produced 4.4g of carbon (IV)
oxide and 1.8g of water on complete combustion. Determine its molecular formula if its formula mass is
60. (3 marks)

2
5. Use the table below to answer the question that follow:

Element Atomic number

A 11
B 13
C 14
D 17
E 19

(a) Write an equation for the reaction between element A and water. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Explain the trend of atomic radii between elements A and D. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. (a) Define the term allotropy (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) In terms of structure and bonding, explain why graphite is used as a lubricant. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…….......................................

7. (a) State Boyles Law. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) A given mass of the gas occupies 20cm3 at 250 C and 670mmHg pressure. Find the volume it will
occupy at 100 C and 335mmHg. (2 marks)

3
8. Concentrated sodium chloride was electrolysed using graphite electrodes. Name the product formed at the
anode and give a reason for your answer. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

9. (a) What is meant by lattice energy? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Study the energy level diagram below and answer the question that follows:

NaOH (aq) + H2O (l)

∆H

Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

What type of reaction is represented by the diagram? (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

10. Magnesium chloride dissolves in water to form a neutral solution while aluminium (III) chloride forms an
acidic solution. Explain. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. When solid B was heated strongly, it gave off water and a solid residue. When water was added to the
solid residue, the original solid B, was formed.
(a) What name is given to the process described? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Give one example of solid B. (1 mark)

4
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. The scheme below was used to prepare a cleansing agent. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
NaOH (aq); Boil
Fat Solution of cleansing
Step I agent and an alcohol

Step II

Solid cleansing agent

(a) What name is given to the type of cleansing agent prepared by the method shown in the scheme? (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Name one chemical substance added in step II. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) What is the purpose of adding the chemical substance named in (ii) above? (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. The diagram below represents part of a setup arranged for the collection of hydrogen gas in the laboratory.
Study it and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Complete the diagram to show how a dry sample of hydrogen can be collected. (2 marks)

(b) Give the most suitable identity of solid Z. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………….......................................

14. (a) Define ionization energy. ` (1 mark)

5
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Explain why the second ionization energy of magnesium is higher than its first ionization energy. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

15. A state of equilibrium between dichromate (VI) and Chromate ions is established as shown below.
Cr2O72- (aq) +2OH- (aq) CrO42- (aq) + H2O (l)
(Orange) (Yellow)

(a) What is meant by a dynamic equilibrium? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State and explain observation made when a few pellets of potassium hydroxide are added to the
equilibrium mixture. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

16. Describe how you would obtain solid sample of each of the following components of solid mixture
containing lead (II) chloride, ammonium chloride and copper (II) oxide (3 marks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………....………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

17. (a) Using dot and cross diagrams, show bonding in hydroxonium ion, H3O+. (2 marks)

6
(b) Identify the type of bonds represented by p and q in the substances below.

H H O
q

O O H H
p
q
H H

p ………………………………………………………………………...…….... (½ mark)

q …………………………………………………………………………………. (½ mark)

18. The diagram below shows a ‘jiko’ when in use. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

Region B

Burning charcoal
Region A
Air

Ash

(a) Identify the gas formed at region B (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Using an equation, explain what happens at region A (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. The following table gives the melting point of oxides of the third period elements. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.

Formula of oxides Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 P4O10 SO2

Melting point (0O) 1190 3080 3050 1730 560 -73

(a) Explain the large difference in the melting points of Na2O and SO2. (2 marks)

7
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) Write the equation for the reaction between Al2O3 with;
(i) NaOH (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) HCl (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. Use the scheme below to answer the question that follow.

Carbon (IV) oxide

N
Solid H
Solid J

(red-brown when hot, yellow when cold)

(a) Identify process N. (1 mark)

…………………..………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Identify the solids (2 marks)

H- ………………………………………………………………………………………………

J- ………………………………………………………………………………………………

21. A form one class carried out an experiment to determine the active part of air. The diagram below
shows the set-up of the experiment and also the observation made.

(a) Identify substance M (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8
 (b) State two reasons for the suitability of substance M for this experiment (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…….…..…………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Write the equation for the reaction of substance M and the active part of air (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
22. The table below gives three experiments on the reaction of excess hydrochloric acid and 1.5g of zinc done
under different conditions. In each the volume of gas was recorded at different time internals.

Experiment Form of Zinc Hydrochloric acid solution

I Powder 1.5M

II Granules 1.0 M

III Powder 1.0 M

On the axis below draw and label three curves that could be obtained from such results. (3 marks)

Time (sec)

23. When solid magnesium carbonate was added to a solution of hydrogen chloride in methylbenzene, there
was no observable change. On addition of some water to the mixture, there was effervescence. Explain the
observation. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

9
24. (a) Define the term solubility. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) The solubility curve of potassium nitrate is shown in the figure below.

(i) Determine the solubility of potassium at 50oC. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Determine the molar concentration of saturated potassium nitrate at 50oC. (K = 39.0, O =
16.0, N = 14.0 and density of water 1 g/cm3). (2 marks)

25. Use the bond energies given below to calculate the heat of reaction for: (3 marks)

H2 (g) +Cl2 (g) 2HCl (g)

Energy
Bond
(kJ/Mol)
H–H 435
Cl – Cl 243
H – Cl 431

10
 26. The following table shows the products formed when nitrates of metals J, Y, and W are heated strongly.

Nitrate of Products formed

J Metal oxide + Nitrogen (IV) oxide + Oxygen

Y Metal + Nitrogen (IV) oxide + Oxygen

W Metal nitrite + Oxygen

(a) Arrange the metals in their order of decreasing reactivity. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………

(b) Which metal forms a soluble carbonate? (½ mark)

……………………………………………………………………

(c) Give an example of nitrate Y. (½ mark)

…………………………………….........................................................

27. Use the set up below to answer the questions that follow.

(a) Describe the formation of brown fumes. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...........

(b) Name another substance that can be used instead of platinum. (1 mark)
11
…………………………………………………………………………
28. An experiment was carried out to determine the presence of substances A, B, C and D in mixture E. the
results obtained are shown in the figure below.

(a) Name a suitable solvent used in the method of separation illustrated in the figure. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Select:
(i) one substance which contains a component not present in E. (½ mark)

……………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) a pure substance which is least soluble in the solvent used. (½ mark)

……………………………………………………………………………….
(c) State one application of chromatography in an athletics competition. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12
NAME: ……………………………………..ADM NO.:………CLASS ………

SIGNATURE:…………………...DATE:………………

233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
THEORY
FORM 4
TIME: 2 HOURS
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES EXAMS
SERIES 5
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003
For marking schemes and more Post Mock papers for all subjects

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
• Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
• Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.
• All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Questions Maximum Score Candidate’s Score

1 – 28 80

This paper consists of 13 printed pages.

Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all the
Pages are printed as indicated and no questions are missing.

1
1. a) A hydrocarbon consists of 92.3% carbon. Its molecular mass is 26. Calculate it’s
Molecular formula. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..

b) Draw the structure of the hydrocarbon. (1 mark)

2. a) Explain why melting point of chlorine gas is greater than that of Argon. (l mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………..

b) Using dot(•) and cross (×) to represent electrons draw a diagram to show bonding in
carbon (iv) oxide. (l mark)

c) In terms of structure and bonding. Explain why Graphite is used as a lubricant.

(1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. a) What is observed when a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator is added to a solution

whose pH value is 3.0? (l mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………..

2
 b) Write an equation for the reaction between Lead (ii) oxide and dilute Nitric acid.
(l mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………

4. State and explain the observation that would be made when zinc powder is heated with
copper (II) oxide. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Why is it dangerous to run a motor car engine in a closed garage? (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………..

6. 2 grams of sodium hydroxide is added to 30 cm3 of IM sulphuric (VI) acid. What volume
of 0. 1M potassium hydroxide solution will be needed to neutralize the excess acid.
(Na23,016,H1) (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….......
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

7. An aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas reacts with manganese (IV) oxide to form
chlorine gas while a solution of hydrogen chloride gas in methylbenzene does not react with
manganese (iv) oxide. Explain (2 marks)
.…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

8. A small piece of potassium Manganate (VII) was placed in a glass of water and was left
standing for 6 hrs without shaking. State and explain the observations made. (2 marks)
.…………………………………………………………………………………………….……
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

9. Magnessium reacts with both dilute and concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid. Write a
balanced equation for the two reactions. (2 marks)

3
 .…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

10. The table below gives the atomic numbers of elements W, X, Y and Z.
Element W X y Z
Atomic number 14 17 16 19

a) Name the type of bonding that exists in the compound formed when X and Z reacts.
(1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Select the letter representing the strongest reducing agent. Give a reason for your
answer. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
.…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Ethyne reacts with hydrogen as shown below

H H
H C≡ C H+ H H C = C
H H
Use the bond energies below to calculate the enthalpy changes for the above reaction.
(3 marks)
BOND ENERGY
H-H 435
C-H 413
C≡C 835
C=C 611
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

4
12. a) Explain the role of common salt in defrosting ice on roads in ice cold countries.
(1 mark)
.…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Explain why the long term effects of use of common salt is costly to motorists.
(1 mark)
.…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Given the equation below

NH3(aq) + H2O(l) NH4+(aq)+ OH-(aq)
Identify the species that acts as;
i) A base. Explain (1 mark)
.…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) An acid. ( ½ mark)
.…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

14. a) State Grahams law of diffusion. (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..
b) The rate of diffusion of sulphur(IV)oxide gas through a porous material is 40cm3s -1.
Calculate the rate of diffusion of carbon(IV)oxide gas through the same porous
material (S=32,O=16,C=12) (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

5
15. Describe how a solid sample of lead(II) chloride can be prepared using the following
reagents : dilute nitric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid and lead carbonate (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..

16. The production of ammonia is given by the equation

(i) State and explain the effect of addition of dilute hydrochloride acid on equilibrium.
(2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
(ii) Explain the effect of increase in temperature on the yield of ammonia. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

17. Cr2O72- + 14 H+ (aq) + 6Fe2+ Cr23+ + 7H2O(l) + 6Fe3+.

The above equation show a redox reaction
(a) Calculate the oxidation state of chromium in Cr2O72- (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) What is the role of H+ in the above reaction. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. a) Define the standard heat of formation. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

6
 b) Draw energy cycle diagram to show how the standard heat of formation of ethanol
(C2H5OH) can be determined from standard heats of combustion of its elements. (2 marks)

c) Given that ∆HC(C) = - 393kJmole-1, ∆HC(H2) = -286kJmole-1 and ∆HC(C2H5OH) = -

1368kJmole-1. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of C2H5OH. (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. 3.78g of a hydrated salt of iron (II) sulphate, FeSO4, in H2O were heated until all the water of
crystallization was driven off. The anhydrous salt left had a mass of 1.52g. Determine the
formula of the hydrated salt. (Fe = 56, S = 32, H = 1, O = 16) (3 marks)
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................

20. A steady current of 0.2 Amperes was passed through molten silver bromide for 80 minutes.
a) Calculate the quantity of electricity that passed through the set up. (1 mark)
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
b) Calculate the mass of product deposited at the cathode. (1F = 96500C; Ag = 108,
Br = 80) (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

7
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) If a sample of cobalt has an activity of 1000 counts per minute, determine the time it would
take for its activity to decrease to 62.50 if the half-life of the element is 30 minutes. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

21. The apparatus set up below was used to prepare an anhydrous solid P

a) Write an equation for formation of solid P (1 mark)

......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
b) Suppose the gas used in the set up was dry hydrogen chloride gas; what would be the
product obtained after the reaction? Give a reason for your answer. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

22. Aluminium is obtained from the ore with the formula Al2O3. 2H2O. The ore is first heated and
refined to obtain pure aluminium oxide (Al2O3). The oxide is then electrolysed to get
Aluminium and oxygen gas using carbon anodes and carbon as cathode.
a) Give the common name of the ore from where aluminium is extracted from. (½ mark)

8
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) What would be the importance of heating the ore first before refining it? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) The refined ore has to be dissolved in cryolite first before electrolysis. Why is this
necessary? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Why are the carbon anodes replaced every now and then in the cell for electrolysing
aluminium oxide? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

23. Use the cell representation below to answer the questions that follow
V(s) / V3+ (aq) //Fe2+ (aq) /Fe(s)
i. Write the equation for the cell reaction (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

ii. If the E.M.F of the cell is 0.30 volts and the Eθ value for V3+aq / V (s) is -0.74V, calculate
the Eθ of Fe2+(aq)/ Fe(s) (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
9
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

24. When 50cm3 1M potassium hydroxide was reacted with 50cm3 of 1M hydrochloric acid, the
temperature rose by 80C. When the same volume of Potassium hydroxide was reacted with
50cm3 of 1M Pentanoic acid, the temperature rose by 30C.
i) Give reasons for the above difference in temperature. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…….…………………………………………………………………………………………
………….…….……………………………………………………………………………
ii) Write an equation to show dissociation of pentanoic acid? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

25. The following is structural formula of polyester.

O O

O CH2 CH2 O C CH2 C

a) Draw the structural formula and name the alkanoic acid and alkanol that react to form the
polymer. (2 marks)

b) Give one use of polyester. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………

10
 26. A heavy metal P was dissolved in dilute nitric acid to form a solution of compound P(NO3)2.
Portions of the resulting solution were treated as follows:
a) To the first portion a solution of dilute hydrochloric acid is added, where a white
precipitate (S) is formed, which dissolves on warming.
b) The second portion is treated with two drops of 2M Sodium hydroxide solution where a
white precipitate T is formed. The white precipitate dissolved in excess sodium hydroxide
to form a colourless solution.
c) A solution of potassium iodide is added to the third portion where a yellow precipitate (U)
is formed.
d) When the resulting solution is evaporated to dryness and heated strongly a yellow solid
(V) is formed and a brown gas (W) and a colourless gas (X) are formed.

i. Identify the substances P, S, T, U, V, W. (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
27. The graphs below were drawn when 15g of marble chips in different physical states were
reacted with 50cm3 of 2M Hydrochloric acid. They are drawn by measuring the volume of
carbon (iv) oxide produced with time.
Cm3
50

40
Volume of Co2

Curve A
Curve B

30

20
Curve C

10

10 20 30 40 50
11
Time
 a) Which curves corresponds to the reactions involving powdered calcium carbonate and
large sized marble chips with the dilute acid?
(i) Powdered calcium carbonate (½ mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Large sized calcium carbonate (½ mark)
.........................................................................................................................................
b) All the graphs eventually flatten out at the same level but at different time. Why do the
graphs flatten out at the same level? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) Why is curve A very steep at any given point compared to the other curves. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
28. Sodium thiosulphate was reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid in a round bottomed flask as
shown below. The gas evolved was collected by downward delivery in a gas jar.
Dilute hydrochloric acid

Cardboard cover

moisty filter paper

soaked in acidified
potassium chromium
(vi) solution

sodium thiosulphate

a) Write an equation to show the reaction going on in the reaction in vessel. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………...........

12
b) State the observation noted on the filter paper. Give a reason for your answer.
(1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Give a reason why the filter paper soaked in the acidified potassium chromium (VI) is
used at the top of the flask (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….

13
Name: …………………………………………………………………………….. Index No.:………………………………

School: ……………………………………………… Stream: ……………………………. Sign:……………....................

Date:…..……………..…………..............

233/1
CHEMISTRY
(THEORY)
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES EXAMS

SERIES 6
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003
For marking schemes and more Post Mock papers for all subjects

CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES

• Write your name and indexnumber in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided.
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
• All workings must clearly be shown where necessary.
• Answer all the questions in English

For Examiner’s Use Only:-

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE

1 – 31 80

This paper consists of 11 printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all
pages are printed as indicated. And that no questions are missing

FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706 Chemistry 233/1 1

1. Two elements A and B have electronic configurations 2.8.3 and 2.6 respectively.
a) To which group and period does element B belong? (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

b) If the two react, what is the formula of the compound they form
(1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

2. a) Draw a dot (•) and a cross (x) diagram to show bonding in Cl2O. (2mks)

b) Explain why the compound Cl2O has a very low melting and boiling point. (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

3. The empirical formula of a compound is CH2 and it has a molecular mass of 42.
a) What is the molecular formula of this compound?
(1mk)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

b) Write the general formula of the homologous series to which the compound belongs. (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

c) Draw the structural formula of the third member of this series and give its IUPAC name. (1mk)

4. 3.22g of hydrated sodium sulphate, Na2SO4 X H2O were hearted to a constant mass of 1.42 g.
determine the value of x in the formula ( Na=23.0, s = 32.0, O = 16, H = 1) (3mks)

5. In an Experiment to study diffusion of gases, the following set up was used.

FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706 Chemistry 233/1 2

 Cotton wool Cotton wool
soaked in Conc. soaked in Conc.
Ammonia Hydrochloric
acid
i) State and explain observations made in the experiment. (2mks)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
ii) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs in the experiment.
(1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
6. Describe how a mixture of sodium carbonate and Lead (II) carbonate can be separated. (3mks)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
7. A compound G reacts with 2 moles of bromine to form another compound whose general formula
is.

H Br Br H
| | | |
H- C - C - C - C – H
| | | |
H Br Br H

i) What is the formula and name of compound G (2mks)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

ii) State the observations made when acidified potassium chromate (VI) is added to compound
G (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

8. In terms of structure and bonding explain why diamond has a high melting point while graphite
has a low melting point. (2mks)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706 Chemistry 233/1 3

 ............................................................................................................................................................

9. Identify the acid and base in the equation below. (2mks)

NH4+(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ NH3(aq) + H3O+(aq)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

10. What is the oxidation number of chlorine in ClO-4 (1mk)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

11. The scheme below shows some reaction sequence starting with solid M

H2SO4(aq)
Solid M Solution N + Gas which burns
with a ‘Pop’ sound

Few drops of
NH3(aq)
Colourless Excess NH3(aq)
solution Q White PPt

(i) Name Solid M (1mk)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Write the formula of complex ion present in Solution Q (1mk)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

(iii)Write ionic equation of reaction between barium nitrate and solution N. (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

12. Complete the following reactions. (2mks)

Excess conc. H2SO4

(i) CH3CH2OH 170oC

1 mole Cl2 (g)

(ii) CH3CH3 U.V light
FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706 Chemistry 233/1 4
13. Below is a set up used to collect hydrogen gas.

Dilute nitric
acid

Zinc grnaules

a) Identify with reasons, two mistakes in the set up. (2mks)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

b) Explain the role of hydrogen in the manufacture of margarine. (1mk)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

14. A white solid K was heated. It produced a brown gas A and another gas B which relights a glowing
splint. The residue left was yellow even after cooling.
a) Identify gases A and B (2mks)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of solid K. (1mk)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

15. 100cm3 of 2M Nitric acid reacted with 12.5g of a carbonate MCO3 of metal M, calculate
the relative atomic mass of M ( C = 12, O = 16) (3mks)

16. Dilute hydrochloric acid is warmed with sodium sulphide.

a) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs. (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

b) State a chemical test for the gas evolved. (1mk)

FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706 Chemistry 233/1 5
 ............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

17. Write ionic equations for electrolysis of dulite sulphuric acid using platinum electrodes at: (2mks)

(i) Anode

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Cathode

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

16 18
18. An atom X contains 90% of X isotope and 10% of 8 X isotope. Calculate the relative
8
atomic mass of X. (2mks)

19. A mixture of carbon (IV) Oxide and carbon (II) oxide is passed through potassium hydroxide solution
as shown in the following set up.
Flame of gas X
Mixture of Carbon
(IV) Oxide and Carbon
(II) Oxide

Potassium hydroxide
solution

(i) Name gas X (1mk)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Why should gas X be burned. (1mk)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Write a well balanced chemical equation for the reaction that takes place in the conical
flask in the first few seconds. (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706 Chemistry 233/1 6
20. Explain why aluminium articles are not easily corroded. (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
21. State the observation made in the set-up below.

Gas Jar Moist hydrogen sulphide

gas

Moist Sulphur (IV) oxide gas

Gas Jar

a) Observations. (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
b) Explain observation in (a) above. (2mks)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

22. When a current of 2.5 amperes was passed through a cell containing N 2+ ions of a metal for
25minutes, the mass of the cathode increased by 0.36g. ( 1 faraday = 96500 coulombs)
Determine the relative atomic mass of element N. (3mks)

23. A solution containing 0.1M sulphuric acid has a pH of 2 while 5M has a pH of more than two.
Explain. (2mks)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

24. Explain the following:-

a) Helium is used instead of Hydrogen in balloons for metrological research. (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

b) The boiling and melting points of alkali metals decreases down the group while the melting
and boiling points of halogens increase down the group. (2mks)
FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706 Chemistry 233/1 7
 ............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

39
25. Potassium exists as a radioactive Isotope 40 K as well as the non radioactive isotope K
19 19
a) State how the two isotopes differ from each other with respect to their nuclear
composition.(1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

b) The product of a radioactive decay of 40 K is 40

Ca. Explain the type of radioactive decay it
19 20
undergoes. (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
40
c) If the half-life of the radio-active isotope K is 1.3 x 109 years. Determine how long it will take
19
for 4kg of the isotope to disintegrate to 1g. (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
26. During the extraction of copper and Zinc from their Ores, some of the processes include.
(i) Crushing
(ii) Mixing of the crushed Ore with Oil and water and bubbling air through it.

a)(i) Name the process(ii) above. (1mk)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

(ii) What is the purpose of process (ii) above? (1mk)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

b) Bronze is an alloy of copper and another metal. Identify the other metal. (1mk)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

27. State and explain the function of tartaric acid in baking powder. (2mks)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

28. The system below is at equilibrium.

N2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g) ∆H = + 94 kJ.

Explain how an increase in the following affects the equilibrium position. (3mks)
FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706 Chemistry 233/1 8
 (i) Temperature
............................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Pressure.
29. The molar heat of formation of carbon (II) oxide is -105kJmol-1, molar heat of combustion of carbon
is -393kJmol-1.
By using an energy cycle diagram, determine the molar heat of combustion of
Carbon(II)oxide. (3mks)

30. Dry chlorine gas was passed through two pieces of coloured cotton cloth as shown.

Dry Dry
chlorine chlorine

Dry cloth Wet

cloth

a) State what is observed in each experiment. (2mks)

Experiment 1
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
Experiment 2
............................................................................................................................................................
b) Explain your observation using an equation. (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
31. The diagram below represents an electrochemical cell.

a)

Zinc
Copper

Copper (II)
Sulphate
Zinc sulphate
FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706 Chemistry 233/1 9
 i) On the diagram label the salt bridge. (1mk)
ii) Show the direction of flow of electrons. (1mk)
b) Write the overall ionic equation (1mk)
............................................................................................................................................................

FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706 Chemistry 233/1 10

NAME…………………………………………….………..INDEX. NO………….….....................…….
SCHOOL………………………………………CLASS.......................... SIGN…………....................….
DATE…………………......................………
CHEMISTRY
233/1
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES EXAMS

SERIES 7
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003
For marking schemes and more Post Mock papers for all subjects
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above
2. Sign and write date of examination in the space provided.
3. All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
4. Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculations may be used
5. Answer all questions in English.
For examiners use only
QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE

1-26 80

1 CHEMISTRY 233/1 Turn Over

1. Give two difference between a thistle funnel and a dropping funnel (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Give names of the following processes used to

a) Separate calcium carbonate from water (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Separate a mixture of nitrogen and Helium (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. The table below shows some solutions and their pH value

Solution pH values

P 1.5

Q 6.0

R 14.0

S 8.0

Which of the above solutions is likely to be of

a) Sodium carbonate (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Solution with high concentration of Hydrogen ions (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. In the laboratory preparation of oxygen gas, Hydrogen peroxide is used.

a) Name the catalyst used (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5) State three observation made when a piece of potassium metal is dropped into cold water giving a
reason for each. (3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2 CHEMISTRY 233/1 Turn Over

6. In the extraction of iron, the iron ore is reduced to iron in a blast furnace

a) Name the main ore used in extraction of iron (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) What is the main reducing agent in the blast furnace (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Write the equation for the reaction through which the iron ore is reduced to iron in the blast
furnace (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Draw the structure of the following

a) Mg+ (1mark)

b) Hydroxonium ion (1mark)

8. When 27.8g of hydrated aluminium oxide ( Al 2 O3 • XH 2 O ) was heated to a constant mass 20.6 g
of aluminium oxide was obtained. Determine the value of X (Al=27, O=16, H=1 (3marks)

9. In the haber process, the industrial manufacture of ammonia is given by the following equation
N 2( g ) + H 2( g ) 2 NH 3( g ) H = −97kJ / mol

a) Name one source of nitrogen gas used in this process (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3 CHEMISTRY 233/1 Turn Over

b) Name the catalyst used in the above reaction (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) What is the effect of increasing temperature on the yield of ammonia? Explain (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Describe the correct process of heating a liquid in a test-tube using a bunsen burner.
(3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Draw a labelled diagram of a set up that can be used to prepare dry sample of carbon (IV) oxide
using calcium carbonate (3marks)

12.a) Draw structural formulae of two positional isomers with molecular formula C4H8 (2marks)

b) Study the equation below and answer the questions that follow

C6 H 14 + Cl2 − C6 H 13Cl + HCl

i) State the condition under which this reaction occurs (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Give the general name of this type of reaction (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4 CHEMISTRY 233/1 Turn Over

13.a) Define hydration energy (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Given that the lattice energy of NaCl is +781kJ/mol and hydrated energy of Na+ and Cl- are

-390kJ/mol and -384kJ/mol respectively. Calculate the heat of solution of one mole of NaCl(s)
using energy cycle. (3marks)

14. 240cm3 of nitrogen (I) oxide gas takes 16 seconds to diffuse through a certain porous pot. 300cm3
of x takes 12 seconds to diffuse through the same pot calculate the relative molecular mass of gas
x. (N=14, O=16) (3marks)

15. Draw a well labelled diagram that can be used during electrolysis of molten sodium chloride in
the laboratory (3marks)

5 CHEMISTRY 233/1 Turn Over

16. The figure below describes the manufacture of detergent B

a) What type of detergent is B (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Draw the structure of detergent B (1marks)

c) State two disadvantage of using detergent B (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. Use the flow chart below to answer the question below

a) Explain the observation in step II (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Name the process that takes place when flower petals are put into solution T (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Reaction in step I takes place only in presence of moisture. Give a reason for this (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6 CHEMISTRY 233/1 Turn Over

18. The diagram below represent a dry cell with Zinc can and graphite as the electrodes and
ammonium chloride paste as an electrolyte

a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction taking place at

i) Anode (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Cathode (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State the property of carbon powder that make it suitable for use in the cell (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) State one other substance that could be used in place of manganese (IV) oxide (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. The diagram bellow represents part of periodic table. Use it to answer the question that follow

A Q
Z W X

a) Write the electronic arrangement for the stable ion formed by X (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Write an equation for the reaction between W and Q (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7 CHEMISTRY 233/1 Turn Over

c) Compare the ionization energy of element A and Z. Explain. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. Write equations to show the effect of heat on each of the following

a) Ammonium nitrate (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Potassium nitrate (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Anhydrous iron (II) sulphate (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

21. When excess chlorine gas is bubbled through diluted sodium hydroxide solution; the resulting
solution act as a bleaching agent

a) Write an equation for the reaction between chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide solution
(1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Name the bleaching agent (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Write an equation to show the bleaching and explain how it occurs (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22 Alpha (  )and beta (ß) particles can be distinguished using papers, aluminium foil and an electric
field complete the diagram below to show how this is done (3marks)

8 CHEMISTRY 233/1 Turn Over

23. During electrolysis of magnesium sulphate, a current of 0.3A was passed for 30 minutes calculate
the volume of gas produced at the anode (molar gas volume =24dm3 IF=96500C (3marks)

24. Starting with sodium metal, describe how a sample of crystal of sodium hydrogen carbonate may
be prepared (3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

25. When 20cm3 of 0.5M sulphuric (VI) acid was mixed with 20cm3 of 1M NaOH, the temperature of
the solution rose from 24.0oC to 32.0oC calculate the molar heat of neutralisation (Specific heat
capacity of the solution is 4.2Jg-1density is 1g/cm3 (3marks)

26. The table below shows the test carried out on a sample of water and results obtained

Sample Test observation

A Addition of NaOH solution drop wise until in White precipitate souble in
excess exess
B Adding of NH3(aq) solution White precipitate
C Addition of dilute HNO3 followed by White precipitate
Ba(NO3)2
a) Identify the anion present in the water (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Write the ionic equation for the reaction in C (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Write the formula of the complex ion in A (1mark)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE!

9 CHEMISTRY 233/1 Turn Over

NAME: ………………………………………….INDEX NO: ………………

DATE : …………………

CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE……………..

CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES
SERIES 8
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003
For marking schemes and more Post Mock papers for all subjects

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
▪ Write your Name, Index Number and School in the spaces provided above.
▪ Sign and write the Date of the examination in the spaces above.
▪ Answer all the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
▪ Mathematical tables and silent scientific calculators may be used.
▪ ALL the working must be clearly shown where necessary.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

QUESTIONS MAX SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE

1 – 28 80

1
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
1. The set-up below represents apparatus that may be used to separate a mixture of two
miscible liquids “C” and “D” whose boiling points are 800C and 1000C respectively.

(a) Name B. (1mk)

(b) What is the purpose of the thermometer? (1mk)

(c) Which liquid is collected in the test tube? (1mk)

2. The table below gives some properties of gas D and E.

Gas Density Effect on H2SO4 Effect on NaOH
D Lighter than air React to form salt Dissolve without reacting
E Heavier than air Not affected Not affected

(a) Describe how you would obtain a sample of gas E from the mixture of gas D and E.
(2mks)

(b) Suggest a possible identity of gas D. Give reasons for your answer. (2mks)

3. (a) What is meant by a strong base? (1mk)

2
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
 (b) In an experiment, 20cm3 of 2M hydrochloric acid was reacted with excess sodium
carbonate and the volume of carbon (IV) oxide produced recorded with time. In another
experiment, the same volume and concentration of ethanoic acid was also reacted with
excess sodium carbonate and the volume of carbon (IV) oxide produced recorded with
time.
On the grid below, sketch and label the curves if the volumes of carbon (IV) oxide were
plotted against time. (2mks)

4. The set-up below was used to obtain a sample of Iron.

Carbon Excess Iron (III) oxide

Oxygen

Heat Heat

Gas

Write two equations for the reactions which occur in the combustion tube. (2mks)

5. Give the name of the product formed when magnesium reacts with phosphorus. (1mk)

6. The table below gives the energy required to remove the outer most electrons from same
group.
Elements I II III IV
Energy kJ / Mole 494 418 519 376

Arrange the elements in the order of their reactivity starting with the most reactive. (2mks)

3
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
7. The electronic structures for elements represented by letters A, B, C and D are:-
A = 2:8:6 B = 2:8:2 C = 2:8:1 D = 2:8:8
(a) Select the element which forms:
(i) Double charged cation. (1mk)

(ii) A solobule carbonate (1mk)

(b) Which element has the smallest atomic radius? (1mk)

8. State any two differences between luminous flame and non luminous flame. (2mks)

9. The apparatus shown below was used to investigate the effect of carbon (II) oxide on Copper
(II) oxide.

(a) State the observation that was made in the combustion tube at the end of the experiment.
(1mk)

(b) Write an equation for the reaction that took place in the combustion tube. (1mk)

(c) Why is it necessary to burn the gas coming out of tube K? (1mk)

4
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
10. (a) State Graham’s Law of Diffusion. (1mk)

(b) If it takes 30 seconds for 100cm3 of carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse across a porous plate,
how long will it take 150cm3 of nitrogen (IV) oxide to diffuse across the same plate under
similar conditions? (C = 12.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0) (2mks)

11. (a) Given the IUPAC names of the following compounds:- (2mks)

(i) CH3(CH2)CH2OH

(ii) CH3CH2CH(CH3)COOH

(b) Given the following polymer, draw the structure of the monomer. (1mk)

12. In an experiment, various volumes of 1M sodium iodide solution was added to the same
volume of 1M lead (II) nitrate solution. The height of the precipitate were measured and
plotted against volume of 1M sodium iodide used. The graph below was obtained.

28

24

20

16

12

0 24 6 8 10 12 14 16
Volume of sodium iodide (NaI) in cm3
(a) State the observation made when sodium iodide solution is mixed with lead (II) nitrate
solution. (1mk)
5
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
 (b) What volume of sodium iodide was required to react completely with lead (II) nitrate?
Explain. (1mk)

(c) Explain the shape of the curve. (1mk)

13. When excess zinc powder is added to 30cm3 of solution containing copper (II) ions and the
mixture stirred, the temperature is noted to have risen by 150C.
(a) State the observation made after stirring the mixture. (1mk)

(b) Calculate the heat change for the reaction (specific heat capacity of H2O = 4.2KJkg-1k-1)
(2mks)

14. When bismuth (III) chloride is added to water, a reaction occurs and a white precipitate forms
as shown below.
BiCl3(aq) + H2O(l) BiOCl(s) + 2HCl(aq)

What would be the effect on the amount of the precipitate formed if sodium hydroxide
solution is added to the equilibrium mixture? Explain your answer. (2mks)

15. The flow chart below shows some process in extraction of lead metal. Study it and answer
the questions that follow.
Coke CO2
SO2(S)

Raw Unit I
materials Roasting PbO(s) Unit II
Chamber

Pb
(a) Name two raw materials that were fed into Unit I. (1mk)

(b) State one environment hazard associated with the process in Unit I. (1mk)

(c) What is the function of coke in unit II? (1mk)

6
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
16. (a) Radioactive Polonium – 216 decays as shown below.

216 208 + M + nβ
84 82
Determine the value of m and n. (2mks)

(b) The table below gives the rate of decay of a radioactive element y.
Number of days Mass in g
0 48
270 1.5
Calculate the half-life of the radioactive element y. (2mks)

17. Water reacts with sodium peroxide forming sodium hydroxide and oxygen gas. Draw a well
labelled diagram showing how a sample of oxygen gas can be prepared and collected in the
laboratory using the above reagents. (3mks)

18. 15g of sodium chloride was dissolved in 120cm3 of distilled water. Calculate the
concentration of the resulting solution in moles per litre. (Na = 23, Cl = 35.5) (3mks)

19. (a) State Boyle’s law. (1mk)

(b) The volume of a gas at 300C and 780mmHg is 400cm3. What will be its volume at
500Cat 600mmHg. (2mks)

7
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
20. Sulphur exhibits allotropy.
(a) What is allotropy? (1mk)

(b) Name the two allotropes of sulphur. (1mk)

(c) Sulphur powder was placed in a deflagrating spoon and heated on a Bunsen burner.
(i) State the observation made. (1mk)

(ii) The product obtained was dissolved in water. Comment on the PH of the solution
formed. (1mk)

21. (a) A luminous flame has a yellow zone. Explain how the yellow zone is produced. (1mk)

(b) Explain why a non-luminous flame is preferred for heating substances in a laboratory.
(2mks)

22. (a) State two differences between the terms electrolyte and non-electrolyte. (2mks)

(b) Graphite is a non-metal yet it conducts electric current. Explain. (1mk)

23. 0.318g of an oxide of metal M was completely reduced by hydrogen gas to 0.254g of metal.
Calculate empirical formula of the metal oxide. (M = 63.5, O = 16). (3mks)

24. In an experiment to electroplate iron with silver, a current of 0.5A was passed through a
solution of silver nitrate for 60 minutes.
(i) Give two reasons why it is necessary to electroplate iron with silver. (1mk)

(ii) Calculate the mass of silver that was deposited on iron. (Ag = 108, 1 Faraday = 96500C).
(2mks)

8
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
25. Given the following reagents: solid sodium carbonate, water, solid lead (II) nitrate. Describe
how a sample of lead (II) carbonate can be prepared in the laboratory. (3mks)

26. The set-up below was used to prepare a sample of an organic compound X.

sodalime + Sodium butanoate

Gas

Heat

(a) Identify gas X. (1mk)

(b) Write the equation for the reaction that produces gas X. (1mk)

(c) 1 Mole of Chlorine was reacted with gas X in presence of sunlight.

(i) State one observation made. (½mk)

(ii) Name the major product formed. (½mk)

27. Draw dot (•) an cross (x) diagram to show bonding in:
(i) Nitrogen molecule (N2) (1mk)

(ii) Hydroxonium ion. (H3O+) (1mk)

9
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
28. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
Tube M Copper turnings

Tap water

Heat

Tube
Air aspirator K

Solid X

Sodium Hydroxide

(i) What is the purpose of passing tap water through the air aspirator? (1mk)

(ii) State and explain the observation that would be made in tube M after sometime. (1mk)

(iii) The sample of nitrogen collected at point Y had greater density than expected. What
conclusion could be made about the gas? (1mk)

10
FOR MARKING SCHEMES CALL 0724351706
NAME: ……………………………………………………….INDEX NO………………………

SCHOOL: …………………………………………………… DATE: …………………………..

SIGNATURE: …………………….

233/1
CHEMISTRY
(Theory)
PAPER 1

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES EXAMS

SERIES 9
CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003
For marking schemes and more Post Mock papers for all subjects
Instructions to candidates
(a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provide above.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper
(d) KNEC Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used for calculations.
(e) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
(f) This paper consists of 13 pages.
(g) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all pages are printed as indicated and that
no questions are missing.
(h) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

FOR EXAMINERS’ USE ONLY

Question Maximum Score Candidates’ Score
1 – 32 80

1
1. What is the difference between chromatography and chromatology? (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..
2. When dilute Sulphuric (VI) acid is connected in a circuit to test conduction of electricity, the bulb lights
while when concentrated Sulphuric (VI) acid is used in the same set-up, the bulb does not light. Explain
this observation. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
3. Explain why Aluminium Chloride has PH 3 when dissolved in water? (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
4. Below is a list of substances.
Soap solution, common salt, urine, lemon juice and baking powder.
Select:
(a) A substance that is likely to give a PH of 3.0 when tested? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
(b) A substance (s) which is likely to resemble sodium hydrogen carbonate.(1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Two substances when reacted are likely to give the product with same PH as that of common salt.
(1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
5. Briefly explain the observation made when a small piece of sodium metal is dropped into a bowl of
water. (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
6. (a) Define Le Chatelier’s principle. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………

2
 (b) A fixed mass of a gas has a volume of 400cm 2 at 20oC, what temperature rise would produce a 10%
increase in volume if the pressure remains constant. (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………..
7. Using Dots (.) and (x) diagram, show the number of electrons used in bonding of H 3O+
(2marks)

8. Explain why a luminous flame appears yellow. (2marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
9. Some sodium chloride was found to be contaminated with copper (II) oxide. Describe how a dry sample
of sodium chloride can be separated from the mixture. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Glass rod
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Hot platinum wire was lowered into a flask containing concentrated ammonia solutions shown below.

Hot platinum wire

Concentrated Ammonia Solution

State and explain observations made (3marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………….
3
 10. Give three characteristics of gases according to Kinetic theory of matter. (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………..
11. The formula below represents active ingredients of two cleansing agents A and B

CH3(CH2)6COO-Na+

Agent A Agent B

Which one of the cleansing agents would be suitable to be used in water containing magnesium hydrogen
carbonate? Explain. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………

12. The set-up below was used to obtain a sample of iron

Carbon Excess Iron (III) oxide

Write two equations for the reactions which occur in the combustion tube. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………

4
13. The diagram below represents a set-up that can be used for the electrolysis of dilute Sulphuric acid.

Dilute Sulphuric Acid

(a) Name the electrodes A and B (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write an equation for the reaction taking place at electrode B. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(c) What happens to the concentration of dilute sulphuric acid as the reaction continues? (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
14. Describe one physical and one chemical test that can be used to identify Ethane gas. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
15. 15cm3of a solution containing 2.88g/dm3 of an alkali XOH completely reacts with 20cm 3 of 0.045M
sulphuric acid. Calculate the reactive atomic mass of X present in the alkali. (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Using equations, state and explain the changes in mass that occur when the following are heated
separately in open crucible. (3marks)
(i) Magnesium metal
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Zinc carbonate
5
 17. In the space provided below, draw a set-up that can be used to show the reaction between nitrogen (I)
oxide with copper to give Nitrogen gas. (3marks)

18. The flow chart below shows some process in extraction of lead metal. Study it and answer the
questions that follow;
SO2(S) Coke CO2

Unit I
Raw Roasting PbO(s) Unit II
Material Chamber
s

Pb

(a) Name two raw materials that were fed into Unit I (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State one environment hazard associated with the process in Unit I.
(1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) What is the function of Coke in Unit II (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
19.
Sulphur exhibits as an allotropy.
(a) What is allotropy? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Name the two allotropes of sulphur. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Sulphur powder was placed in a deflagrating spoon and heated on a Bunsen burner.
6
 (i) State the observation made. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) The product obtained was dissolved in water. Comment on the PH of the solution
formed. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
20. The set-up below was used to prepare a sample of an organic compound X.

(a) Identify gas X (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write the equation for the reaction that produces gas X. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) 1 Mole of chlorine was reacted with gas X in presence of sunlight.
(i) State one observation made. (½ mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Name the major product formed. (½ mark)

7
 21. The apparatus shown below was used to investigate the effect of carbon (II) oxide on Copper (II)
oxide.

Sodium hydroxide solution

(a)
State the observation that was made in the combustion tube at the end of the experiment.
(1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)
Write an equation for the reaction that took place in the combustion tube.
(1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Why is it necessary to burn the gas coming out of tube K? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
22. The equation below represents changes in the physical state of ions metal:
Fe(s) Fe(I) H= + 15.4Kjmol -1

Fe(1) Fe(g) H= +354Kjmol-1

Calculate the amount of heat energy required to change 10kg of solid iron to gaseous iron. (Fe = 56)
(3marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

23. The section below represents part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that
follow; the letters are not the actual symbol of the elements.

8
 Q
X B H M T
Y A V
Z S

(a) Explain why the atomic radius of T is smaller than that of M (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………................
(b) Compare the electrical conductivity of element X and B. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
24. Read the following passage and answer the questions.
A salt X was heated with slaked lime (calcium hydroxide). A colorless gas R with a characteristic smell
that turns red litmus paper blue was evolved. A large quantity of this gas was passed through an inverted
filter funnel into Copper (II) sulphate solution, and a deep blue solution M was obtained.
(a) Identify gas R (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………..
(b) What is X most likely to be? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Write an equation for the reaction between X and slaked lime. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
25. Consider the following reaction:
A2(g) + B2(g) 2AB(g), H = +75kj
Sketch an energy level diagram showing the relative activation energies for the catalyzed and
uncatalyzed reactions using the axes below. (2marks)

Energy (kj)

Reaction path

9
 26. The diagram below shows the radiations emitted by a radioactive sample.

(i) Identify radiation particles S and R (2marks)

S ……………………………………………………………………………….
R ………………………………………………………………………………

27.(a) Starting with red roses, describe how a solution containing the red pigments may be prepared?
(2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
(c) How can the solution be used as an indicator? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
28.(a) Give one reason why some of the laboratory apparatus are made of ceramics.
(1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Name the two apparatus that can be used to measure approximately 75cm 3 of dilute sulphuric (VI acid.
(2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

10
29. Dry chlorine was collected using the set-up below.

(a) Name a suitable drying agent for chlorine gas? (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State one property of chlorine gas which facilitates this method of collection. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) State one observation made on the moist blue litmus paper. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

11
 1

GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)

233/1 - CHEMISTRY- Paper 1

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: …………………...

School: ……………………………………………………………………………………..

Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: …………

SERIES 11
Instructions to Candidates

a) Write your name and Admission number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided below each question.
d) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
e) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Questions Max. Score Candidate’s Score

1 – 27 80

CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For marking schemes and more papers
 2
1. Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow.

a) In which set – up will the iron nail rust? Explain (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State one advantage of rusting (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..…………

……...………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. During distillation in a laboratory the distillate can be collected either by a beaker or a conical
flask.
(a) Define the term distillate. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Explain why a conical flask is the most preferred apparatus for the collection of the distillate.

(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Draw the diagram of a graduated conical flask. (1 mark)

3. Describe how you would test for pH value of plant extract (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 3
4. During investigation to identify illegal steroids used by three athletes. Urine samples were
obtained and labeled as A, B and C. Illegal steroid was labeled as X, each urine sample had 2
components each and urine A and C contain the illegal steroid.
a) Give the name of process used to identify illegal steroids in athletes. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Draw a chromatogram, showing the information given above (2 marks)

5. The following set up was used to react steam with Magnesium Powder.

a) Explain why the water-soaked sand was heated before heating the iron powder. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………….……………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Write an equation for the reaction that took place between steam and magnesium powder.
(1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………...

c) State how gas L would be collected without using water. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6.(a)Using dots( • ) and crosses(x) ,show bonding in Hydroxonium ion, (H3O+) (H =1.0,O = 16.0)

(1mark)
 4
(b) The chloride of Aluminum was added to water and stirred. State and explain the observation
made when two drops of methyl orange were added into the solution. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………….……………………………………………………………………………………………

7. The data below gives the electronic configuration of some selected atoms and ions

Atom/ion A2+ B C2- D2+ E F- G+ H

Electronic configuration 2 2.4 2.8 2.8.8 2.8 2.8.8 0 2.8.2

(a) Select an atom that is a noble gas (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) What is the atomic number of: (1 mark)

A…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

C…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c)Select an element that belongs to group II and period 4 (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Use the table below to answer the questions that follow:

Element Atomic number

A 11
B 13
C 14
D 17
E 19
(a)Write an equation for the reaction between element A and water. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Compare the atomic radii of elements A and D. Explain. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Starting with Copper metal describe how to prepare pure Copper (II) sulphate crystals. (3 marks)
 5
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. The diagram below was used to electrolyze molten copper (II) chloride using graphite
electrodes.

(a)Explain the role of heat on the above set up. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b)Write an equation for the reaction taking place at electrode: (2 marks)

C………………………………………………………………………………………………….

D……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

11. A state of equilibrium between dichromate (VI) and Chromate ions is established as shown
below.
Cr2O72-(aq) +2OH-(aq) CrO42-(aq) + H2O(l
(Orange) (Yellow)
a) What is meant by a dynamic equilibrium? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State and explain observation made when a few pellets of Potassium hydroxide are added to
the equilibrium mixture. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 6
12. The figure below shows some steps in the industrial preparation of sodium carbonate. Study it
and answer the questions that follow.

(a)Identify substances labelled B and C (1 mark)

B……………………………………………

C……………………………………………

b) Name the method that is used to separate sodium hydrogen carbonate and ammonium chloride.
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c)Name the most suitable substance used in Tower III to produce Carbon (IV) oxide. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13.Calculate the relative formula mass of gas A given that the time taken for equal volumes of
oxygen and gas A to diffuse through the same hole is 20 seconds and 24 seconds respectively
(O=16.) (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Propane gas was bubbled through bromine liquid in a boiling tube.
(a)State condition required for the reaction to occur. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 7
(b)Name the type of the reaction above. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c)State one observation made during the reaction. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15.Zinc metal and hydrochloric acid react according to the following equation.

Zn(s) + 2HCl (aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

2.0g of zinc were reacted with 100 cm3 of 0.2M Hydrochloric acid,
Determine the reagent that was in excess (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16.a) What is meant by the term allotropy? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Which type of Sulphur is formed under the following conditions?

Conditions Type of Sulphur

(i) Mixing sodium thiosulphate with dilute
hydrochloric acid
( ½ mark)
(ii) Saturating distilled with Hydrogen
sulphide then exposed to air
( ½ mark)
(iii) Pouring boiling Sulphur into cold water

( ½ mark)
0
(iv) Below 96 C

( ½ mark)
 8
17. The flow chart below shows the process that can be used to obtain substance C from ammonia
gas when it is heated to about 900oC in air and in the presence of a catalyst.
A
A
M
M 900oC
O Substance C
N Catalyst
I
B A

a) Ammonia is obtained on large scale by Haber process. Name the raw materials A and B.
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Name the substance C and the catalyst used. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Write an equation to show the product formed when C is cooled in the presence of air. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
18. In an experiment, Chlorine gas was passed into moist hydrogen Sulphide gas as shown below
Chlorine gas

Boiling tube

Hydrogen sulphide gas

a) What observation was made in the boiling tube? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…….…………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Write an equation for the reaction which took place. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

c) What precaution should be taken in carrying out this experiment? Give a reason. (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 9
19. In an experiment to investigate the enthalpy of displacement of copper(II) ions by Zinc,50cm3
of copper(II) sulphate solution was placed in a plastic beaker. Excess zinc powder was then added
into the beaker and allowed to react. After two minutes the highest change in temperature was
noted to be 15 oC
(a) Calculate the amount of heat given out during the reaction (C =4.2kJ/Kg/Density of solution =
1g/cm3) (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Given that the molar heat of displacement of reaction is -63kJ/mol,calculate the concentration
of copper(II)sulphate solution in moles/litre. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. The table below gives three experiments on the reaction of excess hydrochloric acid and 1.5g
of zinc done under different conditions. In each the volume of gas was recorded at different time
internals
Experiment Form of Zinc Hydrochloric acid solution

I Powder 1.5M

II Granules 1.0 M

III Powder 1.0 M

On the axis below draw and label three curves that could be obtained from such results.
(3 marks)
Volume of H2 (cm3)

Time (sec)
 10
21. An experiment was carried out where hydrogen chloride gas was bubbled through
methylbenzene and water in separate beakers. The resulting solutions were tested with blue
litmus papers and sodium carbonate
(i) Write the observations made in the following table (2 marks)
Solution of hydrogen Chloride Blue litmus paper Sodium carbonate
gas in:
Water

Methylbenzene

(ii) Explain the observations in (i)above (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22. An element R has a relative atomic mass of 88. When a current of 0.5 A were passed through
the fused chloride for 32 minutes and 10 seconds, 0.44g were deposited at the cathode. Determine
the charge on the ion of R. (1 Faraday= 96500 C) (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

23. The scheme below was used to prepare a cleansing agent. Study it and answer the questions
that follow.
NaOH(aq); Boil
Fat Solution of cleansing
Step I agent and an alcohol

Step II

Solid cleansing agent

i) What name is given to the type of cleansing agent prepared by the method shown in the scheme?
(1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 11
ii) Name one chemical substance added in step II (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii) What is the purpose of adding the chemical substance named in (ii) above? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

24. In the extraction of zinc, the zinc ore is crushed to a powder, mixed with oil and water and
air blown through the mixture.
a) What is the name given to this process? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Explain how this process works. (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Name the chief ore from which zinc is extracted. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

25. Radioactive polonium (Po) mass number 212 and atomic number 84 was detected in a sample
of water. The water had an activity of 1000 counts per second.
a). If the water is boiled explain whether the activity would be affected or not. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b).Given that polonium resulted from Bismuth (Bi) following emission of a beta (β) particle;
write a nuclear equation for the decay. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) State one medical application of radioactivity. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 12
26. (a) State the Hess’s Law (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Calculate the molar enthalpy of formation of ethyne (C2H2) given the following. (2
marks)
C2H2 + 5/2O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + H2O(l) H = -1300kJ/mol

C(S) + O2(g) → CO2(g) H = -394kJ/mol

H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) → H2O(l) H = -286kJ/mol

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

27 (a) Using the oxidation number, identify and explain oxidizing and reducing agent (2 marks)
2 H2S(g) + SO2(g) → 3S(s) + 2H2O(l)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Atomic number of Sulphur is 16. Write the electron configuration of S in SO32- (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)

233/1 - CHEMISTRY- Paper 1

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: …………………..

School: …………………………………………………………………………………….

Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: …………

SERIES 12
Instructions to Candidates

a) Write your name and Admission number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided below each question.
d) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
e) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
For Examiner’s Use Only

Questions Max. Score Candidate’s Score

1 – 29 80

CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For marking schemes and more papers

Page 1 of 10
1 a) Bauxite is the chief ore found in the extraction of Aluminium. Name two impurities
found in bauxite (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name the chief ores of both zinc and copper (1mk)
i. zinc …………………………………………………………………………
ii. copper …………………………………………………………………………

2. a) Identify the products formed when dinitrogen tetra oxide is dissolved in water (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Write the balanced equation for the reaction above (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. State one use of the following substances (3mks)

i. AgBr………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii. CaSO4.XH2O………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. Tincture of iodine…………………………………………………………………………………..

4. The grid below represents part of the periodic table .Study it and answer the questions that follow
.The letters given do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.

A
B C D E
F G
H

i. Select the element that can form a divalent anion (½mk).

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 2 of 10
 ii. Name type of structure would the oxide of C have? (½mk).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii. How does the melting point of A compare with that of E? (½mk).

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

iv. 2.6 g of B reacts completely when heated with 2.42 litres of chlorine gas (Cl2) at s.t.p, calculate
1
the relative atomic mass of B.(1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 litres at s.t.p.) (12mk).

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Explain the differences in bleaching properties of chlorine and sulphur (use equations where
necessary) (3mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Metals K and N were connected to form a cell as shown in the diagram below. Their reduction
potentials are as shown below:

K+(aq) / K(s)  - 0.17V

N+(aq) / N(s) = + 1.1 6V

i. P is made by dipping a filter paper in a solution of sodium nitrate, on the salt bridge show the
direction of flow of ions (1mk)
ii. On the diagram, show the flow of electrons (1mk)

Page 3 of 10
 iii. Write the equation for the half-cell reaction that occurs at (1mk)

Metal K electrode..........................................................................................................................

Metal N electrode...........................................................................................................................

7. Write equations for the reactions between the following metals and steam. (3mks)

Iron…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Zinc…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Copper………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
Gas W which
Solution of a BaCl2(aq) Solid V HCl(aq) turns K2Cr2O7
sodium salt paper from
orange to green

a. Name (1mk)
i. Solid V ………………………………………………….......
ii. Gas W ………………………………………………………
b. Describe a chemical test for chloride ions (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Starting with ethanol, describe how a sample of tetrachloroethane can be prepared (3mks)

………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………….………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………….………………………………………

Page 4 of 10
10. A solution of bromine in water is a chemical reaction in equilibrium. The reaction involved is
represented by the equation below;
Br2(aq) + H2O(l) 2H+(aq) + Br-(aq) + OBr-(aq)

Yellow Colourless

i. State and explain the observation made when dilute sulphuric (VI) acid is added to the mixture
at equilibrium. (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………..……………………………………………………..…………………

ii. Define the term dynamic equilibrium (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Apart from downward delivery name another method that can be used to collect the following
gases (2mks)

Nitrogen (IV) oxide ………………………………………………………………………………..

Sulphur(VI) oxide ………………………………………………………………………………….

ii) Name one gas that can be dried using anhydrous calcium oxide (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. Starting with magnesium metal describe how a sample of magnesium carbonate can be prepared.
(3mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 5 of 10
13. With aid of well labelled diagrams show how a sample of sodium chloride, iodine and sand can be
separated (3mks)

14. Explain the following (3mks)

i. Why number of protons and electrons are equal in an atom

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. The role of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii. Cations are positively charged

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. (a)In an experiment 10.6g of a mixture of a anhydrous Sodium Carbonate and Sodium chloride
were dissolved in water to make 100cm3 of solution .25cm3of this solution required 20cm3 of 1M
Hydrochloric acid solution for complete neutralization.
(i) Calculate the number of moles of Hydrochloric acid used (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 6 of 10
(ii) Write a balanced equation for the above reaction. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Calculate the mass of Sodium Carbonate in 25 cm3 of this mixture. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. Briefly describe how caffeine can be extracted from tea leaves. (3mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

17. State the two roles of platinised-platinum in a standard hydrogen electrode (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. Explain the following (3mks)

i. Yellow phosphorus is stored under water

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. Sodium is stored under paraffin oil

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii Lime water and not potassium hydroxide is used to test for carbon(iv) oxide

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 7 of 10
18. Study the information below and use it to answer the questions that follow
∆Hθlattice =MgCl2 - 2477kjmol-1
∆Hθ hydration Cl-1 (aq) -363kjmol-1
∆Hθ hydration Mg+2 (aq) -1891jmol-1
i. Differentiate between hydration energy and lattice energy? (1mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii Calculate the heat of solution of Magnesium Chloride (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

19. Nylon 6,6 is formed from two monomers, hexan-1,6-dioic acid(adipic acid) and hexan-1,6-diamine
(hexamethylene diamine ) through condensation polymerisation as shown in the diagrams below .

a. Define condensation polymerisation (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………

b. Write the equation for the formation of Nylon 6,6 (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. According to Bronsteäd-Lowry theory, define an acid (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

NH3(aq) + H2O(l) NH4+(aq)+ OH-(aq)

Page 8 of 10
Identify the species that acts as;

i) A base.…………………………………………………………………

Explain …………………………………………………………………………………………..(1mks)

ii) An acid. ………………………………………………………………………………….

Explain……………………………………………………………………………………………..(1mk)

21. a) Explain how painting prevents iron from rusting (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

b. Apart from protection from rusting state another reason for electroplating (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………

c. What is sacrificial protection , use an example to explain your answer. (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22. The structure of RCOO-Na+ below represents a type of cleansing agent. Describe how the cleansing
agent removes grease from a piece of cloth. (3mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

23. The diagram below represents a ‘jiko’ when in use .Study it and answer the questions that follow.

Region A
Region C
Region B

Air in

Page 9 of 10
(i)Write equations for the reactions that occur in region
I: B (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
II: C (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Explain what happens in region A. (1 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

24. A compound contains 82.75% carbon and the rest is Hydrogen. (C=12, H=1)
(a) Determine its empirical formula. (2 Mrks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Determine the molecular formula if its molecular mass is 58. (1 Mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. Determine the oxidation state of manganese in the following; (3mks)
KMnO4

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Mn2O3

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

26. Explain why the melting point of magnesium oxide is 3080°C while that of carbon IV oxide is -
79oC. (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
….…………………………………………………………………………………………………
THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED

Page 10 of 10
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)
233/1 - CHEMISTRY- Paper 1
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

SERIES 13

Name ……………………………………………… Index Number…………

Student’s Signature ……………………………… Date …………

Instructions to students
a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
c) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
d) All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
e) Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may be used.
f) This paper consists of 8 printed pages.
g) Students should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and
that no questions are missing.
h) Students should answer the questions in English.

FOR TEACHER’S USE ONLY

QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE STUDENT’S SCORE

1-8 100

CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com 1
For marking schemes and more papers
1. State the observations made when a piece of sodium metal is dropped into a beaker containing
water. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. During a class experiment, students passed gas X over heated copper metal, the metal changed its
colour to black.
(i) Identify gas X (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Name the black substance formed. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. When 0.11 moles of a certain hydrocarbon was burnt in oxygen, 19.36g of carbon (IV) oxide and
5.94g of water were formed. Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon.
(C = 12, O = 16, H = 1). (3mks)

4. A student added 50cm 3 of 1.0M aqueous Hydrochloric acid to 50cm 3 of 1.0M potassium
hydroxide and the temperature of the resulting solution rose by 4 oC.
(a) Define the term molar heat of neutralization. (1mk)

(b) Calculate the molar heat of neutralization.

(C = 4.2Jg-1 K-1, Density of solution = 1g/cm3.) (2mks)

2
5. Use the table below to answer the questions that follow:

Element Atomic number

A 11
B 13
C 14
D 17
E 19

(a) Write an equation for the reaction between element A and water. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Explain the trend of atomic radii between elements A and D. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. In terms of structure and bonding, explain why graphite is used as a lubricant. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. (a) State the Boyle’s law. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3
(b) A given mass of the gas occupies 20cm at 25 oC and 670mmHg pressure. Find the volume it
will occupy at 10oC and 335mmHg. (2mks)

3
8. The diagram below shows an experiment for investigating electrical conduction in lead (II)
flouride. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Complete the diagram by indicating the condition that is missing and must be present for
electrical conductivity to take place. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State the observation made at the anode. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) On the diagram show the direction of movement of electrons. (1mk)
9. The solubility of potassium nitrate is 85g/10g of water at 50oC and 32g/100g of water at 25 oC.
(a) Define the term solubility. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Calculate the mass of the crystals formed if a saturated solution of potassium nitrate in 50g of
water at 50oC is cooled to 25oC. (2mks)

4
10. Draw the structures of the following compounds. (2mks)
(i) Ethylbutanoate

(ii) 3-ethyl-3-methyhexane

(iii) The structure below represents a portion of a polymer.

Draw the structure of the monomer and name it. (2mks)

5
11. (a) Define the term ‘dynamic equilibrium’ (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) A reaction at equilibrium can be represented as;

2CrO2-4(aq) + 2H+(aq) Cr2O2-7(aq) + H2O(l)

Yellow Orange

State and explain the observation made when;

(i) NaOH is added to the equilibrium mixture. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. An experiment was set as shown below.

(a) Name the gas F. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State one physical characteristics of gas F. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) What would be observed if a litmus paper was put in a solution of gas F. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6
 10 11
13. The relative atomic mass of an element is 10.28, it has two isotopes R. and R
5 5
Calculate the relative percentage abundance of each isotope. (3mks)

14. Below is a list of oxides.

MgO, N2O, K2O, CaO and Al2O3
From the above list, select
(a) A neutral Oxide. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) An oxide that can react with both potassium hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) What property is exhibited by the reaction in (b) above? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. The diagram below shows a wooden splint that was placed horizontally across the middle part of a
non-luminous flame.

(a) Explain the observation made. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7
 (b) Why is a non-luminous flame preferred for heating? (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. The curve shown below was obtained when solid naphthalene was heated to boiling.

(a) Explain in molecular terms the changes occuring in portions.

(i) AB (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) DE (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) What is the significance of portion BC? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Name the process which takes place when;
(i) Iodine changes directly from solid to gas. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Fe2+(aq) changes to Fe3+(aq). (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) White sugar changes to a black solid when mixed with excess concentrated sulphuric acid.
(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8
©2023Eagletrial1
18. The chromatogram of two inks and three dyes is drawn below.

(a) Name the colour of ink A. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Suggest how separated components can be recovered. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Suggest two reasons why separations occur in this method. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. The following diagram represents a charcoal burner. Study it and answer the questions that
follow:

Write the equations for the reactions at A, B and C regions. (3mks)

A
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
C
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9
20. A radio isotope X decays by emitting two apha( ) portions and one beta ( ) particle to form
214
Bi
83

(a) What is the atomic number of X. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) After 112 days of the mass of X remained. Determine the half-life of X. (2mks)

21. Two pieces of cotton wood were separately soaked in concentrated ammonia and hydrochloric
acid respectively. Then were simultaneously placed at the end of an open-ended tube as shown
in figure.

(a) Name the white deposit. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Work out the relative rates at which ammonia and hydrochloric acid gases diffuse. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) State the gas law that expains the difference in the rates of diffusion. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10
22. You are given the following half equations.
I2(s) + 2e - 2I-(aq) E = + 0.54V

Br2(l) + 2e- 2Br-(aq) E = + 1.09V

(a) Write an overall equation for the cell reaction. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Calculate the E value of the cell. (1mk)

(c) Name the oxidizing agent. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. A piece of burning sulphur was lowered into a gas jar filled with oxygen and containing aqueous
litmus solution as shown.

(a) State two observations made during the experiment. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write an equation for the burning of sulphur in air. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. The table below shows the colours obtained when some indicators are added to solutions:-

11
 Solution Phenolphthalein indicator Indicator N
Distilled water Colourless Green
Ammonium hydroxide Blue
Hydrochloric acid Red

(a) Complete the table by filing in the missing colour. (2mks)

(b) Identify indicator N. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. A solution containing 9.2g of solute A in 30cm 3 of water. When cooled, crystals begin to appear
at 25o C. Calculate the solubility of solution A at 25o C. (2mks)

26. A farmer intended to plant cabbages in his farm. He first tested the pH of the soil and found it to
be 3.0. If cabbages do well in alkaline soils, explain the advise that would be given to the farmer in
order to realize a high yield. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. Aluminium is extracted from its ore by electrolysis.
(a) Name the main ore of Aluminium. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) The Aluminium ore in (a) above has a very high melting point (2015o C), though it is
electrolyzed at a lower temperature of about 900 o C. Explain how the temperature is achieved.
(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) In the above process, graphite electrodes are used. What is the disadvantage of using this kind
of electrodes? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. (a) In an experiment, an equal amount of iron fillings and sulphur powder was heated in a test
tube. The mixture was left to cool then dillute hydrochloric acid added to it.

12
(a) State the obervations that were made;
(i) In the test tube (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Dillute hydrochloric acid was added to the mixture after cooling. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write an equation for the reaction which occurred in (a) (ii) above. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

LAST PRINTED PAGE

13
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)

233/1 - CHEMISTRY- Paper 1

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: ……………

School: ……………………………………………………………………………

Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: …

SERIES 14
Instructions to Candidates

a) Write your name and Admission number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided below each question.
d) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
e) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
For Examiner’s Use Only

Questions Max. Score Candidate’s Score

1 – 27 80

CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For marking schemes and more papers

1
 1. (a) What is radioactivity? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) The half-life of a radioisotope is 2.5 hours. If the initial radioactivity of the
radioisotope is 800 counts per minute, how long will it take for the count to fall to 75
counts per minute? (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. (a) Complete the table below to:

● deduce the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in the magnesium atom
and copper ions shown.
● identify the atom or ion represented by the final row. (2 ½ marks)

(b) Give the meaning of the term cation. ( ½ mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Calcium reacts with water to form two products. A colourless gas Q and an alkaline
solution P.
(a) Name colourless gas Q. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Give the ions responsible for making solution P alkaline. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. (a) Give the meaning of the term enthalpy of formation. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Determine the enthalpy of the following reaction: (2 marks)
C2H4 + Cl2 → C2H4Cl2
Bond Bond energy (kJ/mol)
C-C 348
C=C 612
Cl – Cl 242
C – Cl 338
C–H 413
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Draw a set-up that can be used to prepare and collect nitrogen (IV) oxide in the
laboratory. (2 marks)

6. (a) Explain the difference in boiling points between magnesium oxide and oxygen gas.
(2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Give the meaning of the term electron affinity. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. (a) Explain why it is not advisable to use potassium sulphate as a salt bridge in an
electrochemical cell formed between the following half cells.
Pb(s) | Pb2+ (aq) Eθ = -0.13 V and Cu (s) | Cu2+ (aq) Eθ = +0.34 V (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Calculate the emf of the cell formed by combining the two half cells in (a) above.
(2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. The figure below shows the blast furnace for the extraction of iron.

(a) Give the name of the two substances coming from point F. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write the equation for the reaction taking place at point B. ( 1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) The iron obtained from the blast furnace is impure. State how the impurities are removed
from the molten iron. (1 mark).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. (a) Describe how sodium chloride can be prepared in the laboratory using direct synthesis
method. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Write an equation for the thermal decomposition of silver nitrate. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. When sulphur is heated, it melts into an amber-coloured liquid. On further heating, the
liquid darkens and becomes viscous. Explain these observations. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. (a) The diagram below shows three methods of gas collection.

Which method of gas collection is most suitable for collecting dry chlorine gas? Explain.
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Why was the use of DDT as a pesticide banned? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5
 (c) List two uses of hydrochloric acid. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. In a titration, a student added 25.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide to a
conical flask. The student then added a few drops of methyl orange to the solution in the
conical flask. Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid is then added from a burette to the conical flask.
The volume of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid needed to neutralise the aqueous sodium
hydroxide was 20.0 cm3.
(a) What is the colour of methyl orange in aqueous sodium hydroxide? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Calculate the concentration of sulphuric (VI) acid in mol/dm3. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Determine the time it would take 300cm3 of oxygen to diffuse through a small aperture if
it takes 500cm3 of nitrogen (I) oxide 475 seconds to diffuse through the same aperture
under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. (N = 14, O = 16)
(3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. (a) Explain the ‘strike back’ phenomenon that occurs during the lighting of the Bunsen
burner. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6
 (b) What is the use of an aspirator in the laboratory? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. (a) What is the meaning of the term melting point? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Element X undergoes the following physical changes.

(i) Name each of the numbered physical changes. (2 marks)

1………………………………………………. 2………………………………….
3……………………………………………….. 4………………………………….
(ii) Element X is a group III metal. Write an equation for the reaction of element X and
oxygen gas. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. (a) State and explain the observation made when iron nails are left outside the laboratory
for two weeks during the rainy season. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Give two uses of oxygen gas. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. The rate of reaction between a metal and an acid can be investigated using the apparatus
shown in the figure below.

7
 A piece of zinc foil was added to 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, of concentration
2.0 mol/dm3. The acid was in excess. The hydrogen evolved was collected in the gas
syringe and its volume measured every minute.
(a) Sketch a graph of volume against time for the reaction above. Label it graph 1.
(2 marks)

(b) On the same graph, sketch another graph that would be obtained if the experiment
was repeated using the same amounts of reagents and copper (II) sulphate crystals
added into the mixture. Label it graph 2. (1 mark)
18. (a) Suggest the structures and bonds of the following substances. (2 marks)
Substance Bonds Structure
Naphthalene
Copper
(b) Draw the dot (.) and cross (x) diagram to show bonding in tetrachloromethane.
(1 mark)

19. (a) Deduce the molecular formula of the alkanol whose molecular mass is 158. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8
 (b) Explain why the following alcohols are isomers. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Ethanol is oxidized by acidified potassium manganate (VII). Deduce the name and
write the structural formula of the organic product. (1 mark)
Name…………………………. Structure:

20. The diagram below shows the electrolysis of concentrated zinc (II) chloride solution.

(a) Which letter in the diagram, R, S, T, or U represents the cathode? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write the equation for the reaction that takes place at the anode. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) What is electrolysis? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. Study the diagram below and answer the following questions.

9
 (a) Identify gas Q. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State and explain the observation made in the combustion tube. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Write the equation for the reaction that takes place in the combustion tube. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. Water hardness is caused by dissolved minerals that contain calcium ions and magnesium
ions.
(a) Give another method of removing permanent water hardness apart from distillation.
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) 60 g of a saturated solution of salt W at 20oC was evaporated to dryness over a water
bath and yielded 24g of solid. Calculate the solubility of the salt at 20oC. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10
 23. Use the enthalpy of the following reactions to answer the questions that follow.
H2O (s) → H2O (l) ∆H1 = +6.02 kJ/mol
MgO (s) → MgO (l) ∆H2 = +77.4 kJ/mol
(a) What is the name given to ∆H1? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Explain the difference between ∆H1 and ∆H2. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. The Solvay process is used to manufacture sodium carbonate.
(a) Give two raw materials used in the Solvay process apart from brine. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Explain why potassium carbonate cannot be manufactured by simply replacing the
brine with potassium chloride in the Solvay process. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) How is carbon (IV) oxide used as a refrigerant? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

25. The following table shows the pH values of some solutions.

Solution pH value
A 2.1
B 4.5
C 13.5
D 7.0
(a) Name the indicator used to determine the pH values. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Which solution is likely to react with ethanoic acid? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) 1 cm of magnesium ribbon was placed in separate beakers containing 2M solution A and
2M solution B. State and explain the difference in the observations made. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. Study the scheme below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Give the name of: (1 mark)

(i) Reagent A
……………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Process C
……………………………………………………………………..

(b) Write the equation for the reaction of 1 mole of B and 1 mole of chlorine gas. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Draw the structure of substance D. (1 mark)
(d)

27. Describe how a mixture of silver chloride, magnesium chloride and iron (III) chloride can
be separated in the laboratory. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
This is the last printed page.

12
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)

233/1 - CHEMISTRY- Paper 1

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: ……………

School: ……………………………………………………………………………

Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: …

SERIES 15
Instructions to Candidates

Write your name and Admission number in the spaces provided above.

Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above

Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided below each question.

Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.

All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Questions Max. Score Candidate’s Score

1 – 27 80

CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For marking schemes and more papers

1
1. Students use these apparatus in volumetric analysis.

(a)Give one functional difference between apparatus A and B. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)Apparatus C is used as well in collection of distillates. Why is it preferred to a beaker for
this purpose. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Substances can be classified as a mixtures, compound or pure elements. Give two reasons
why air is classified as a mixture. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
.
3.The table below shows behavior of metals R, X, Y, and Z. Study it and answer the questions
that follow.
Metal Appearance on Reaction in water Reaction with dilute
exposure to air hydrochloric acid
R Slowly tarnishes Slow Vigorous
X Slowly turns white Vigorous Violent
Y No change Does not react Does no react
Z No change No reaction Reacts moderately

(a)Arrange the metals in order of reactivity starting with the least reactive. (2mks)

2
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)Name a metal which is likely to be Y. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. (a)State Graham’s law of diffusion. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) 50cm3 of carbon (IV) oxide diffuses through a porous plate in 15 seconds. Calculate the time
taken by 75cm3 of nitrogen (IV) oxide to diffuse through the same plate under similar conditions.

(C=12.0, O=16.0, N =14.0) (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. The diagram below represents set – up that can be used to prepare and collect oxygen
gas.

Water

(a)Name solid P (½mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

3
(b)Explain why oxygen is insoluble in water. (½mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c)Explain why it is important not to collect any gas for the first few seconds of the experiment.
(1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d)Write chemical equation for the reaction taking place in the flask. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. A mass of 3.6g of magnesium reacts in excess chlorine to form a chloride. If the mass of
the chloride is 14.25g, Find the formula of the chloride formed. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……..
7. (a)Describe one chemical test that you would use to distinguish between two compounds
represented by the formulae C2 H6 O and C2 H4 O2 (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………..
(b)Use the table below answer the questions that follow.

Substance A B C D E
Symbol R-coo- Na+ CH2OH R-cooCH R-oso3 –
Na+
CHOH CH2 CH2 R-cooCH
n
CH2OH R-cooCH

4
 (c)Which substance is

(i) A Soapless detergent ……………………………………………………..(½mk)

(ii)An ester………………………………………………………. (½mk)

(iii)Give a name of substances B……………………………………………(1mk)

8. (a)What two conditions make it necessary to extract sulphur by frasch process? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b)Hot air at about 15 atmospheres is forced down through the smallest of three concentric
pipes in the Frasch process. State two roles of hot compressed air. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c)Excess sulphur (IV) oxide gas was bubbled through a solution of sodium hydroxide
containing phenolphthalein indicator.

(i)State what was observed. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii)Write an equation for the reaction between sulphur (vi) oxide and sodium hydroxide
solution. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Copper (II) oxide was found to be contaminated with sodium chloride crystals and iron
fillings. Describe how a sample of copper (II) oxide can be obtained from the mixture.
(3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

10. The table below gives the first ionization energies of the alkali metals.

Elements X Υ z
1st ionization
Energy KJmol-1 494 418 519

5
 (a)Define the term ionization energy? (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Which of the three metals is least reactive? Give a reason. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Underground pipes made of iron normally have bags of magnesium scrap attached at the
intervals along pipeline as shown below.

Explain the purpose of scrap magnesium. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12(a) Define the term half – life. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)A radioactive decay series can be represented by

232 ∝ B
B D
90 emission emission

State the mass number and atomic number of element B and D. (2mks)

6
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13(a) In an experiment, a student placed a small sample of methanoic acid in a beaker. A small
amount of sodium carbonate was added to the acid. Identify the products formed by writing an
equation for the reaction. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State two advantages of synthetic polymers over natural fibres. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c)Name two uses of polychloroethene. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Some average bond energies are given below.
Bond Energy KJ/mol
C-C 348
C-H 414
Cl – Cl 243
C – Cl 432
H – Cl 340

Calculate the energy change for the reaction below.

C2 H6(g) + Cl2(g) CH3 CH2Cl(g) + HCl(g) (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. The solubility of salt Z at 600C is 40g/100g of water and 48g/100g of water at 800C

(a)Define the term solubility. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) 150g of saturated solution of Z at 800C is cooled to 600C. Calculate the nmass of Z that
crystallize out. (2mks)

7
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16(a) State the Brownsted – Lowry definition of an acid. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)With a reason, identify a base in the equation below. (1mk)

Hph(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Ph-(aq)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c)Distinguish between strong acid and concentrated acid. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17.Study the flow chart below and answer questions that follow.

Heat Brown gas

Solid G Dilute nitric
(v) acid
Yellow solid Colourless
Solution E
(cold)
Excess Aqueous
(cold
NaOH

Colourless
Solution F

(a) Identify solid G (1mk)

8
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)Write the formula of the anion in colourless solution F. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c)State the third observation made upon thermal decomposition of solid G in addition to the two
evidenced in the flow chart above. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. The set up below was used by a student to investigate the products formed when aqueous
copper (ii) chloride was electrolyzed using graphite electrodes.

(a)State the observation made around electrode A. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)Write the ionic equation for the reaction that explain the observation made in (a) above.
(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c)How would the mass of the anode change if the graphite anode was replaced with copper
metal? Explain (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19.An element 2311M
(a)To which chemical family does it belong? (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)Write electron arrangement of the atom (1mk)

9
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c)Draw the structure of its ion (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. Bismuth chloride undergoes hydrolysis in water resulting in the equilibrium.

Bi Cl3 (aq) + H2O(l) Bi OCl(s) + 2HCl(aq)

(White precipitate)

(a)(i)What would be observed when hydrochloric acid is added dropwise to a solution of

Bismuth. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii)Give a reason for the observation in (a) above. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)Explain the effect of increase in temperature on the rate of reaction in terms of the collision
theory. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21(a) State Gay Lussac’s law (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b)Magnesium carbonate decomposes when reacted according to the equation.

Mg CO3(s) Mg O(s) + CO (2)(g)

Calculate the volume of carbon (iv) oxide measured at S.t.p produced when 8.4g of the carbonate
is decomposed. (Mg=24.0, C=12.0 O= 16.0) (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. The table below shows PH values of some common solutions which were investigated by
some students in form 1 class. Study it and answer the questions that follow:

Solution A B C D E
PH value 2.0 6.0 7.0 9.0 13.0
(a)Identify the solutions which correspond to each of the following. (2mks)

10
 (i)Methanoic acid (½mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii)Nitric (v) acid (½mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii)Aqueous ammonia (½mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv)Potassium hydroxide solution (½mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. The set up below shows how gas P is prepared in the laboratory.

(a)Complete the diagram to show how gas p is collected. (2mks)

(b)Explain how gas P is formed in the set up. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24.(a) State two allotropes of carbon. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)Explain the differences in their densities. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c)Write the overall chemical equation for the reaction in the carbonator in the large scale
production of sodium carbonate. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11
25.Use the information below to answer the questions that follow:

ΔH lattice Mg Cl2 = +2489KJ/mol

ΔH hydrogen Mg2+ = -1891KJ/mol.

ΔH hydrogen Cl- = -384KJ/mol.

(a)Calculate the heat of solution of magnesium chloride. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b)Draw an energy level diagram for dissolving of magnesium chloride. (2mks)

26.Chlorine is used to treat water in drinking water plants in process called chlorination. Briefly
explain how chlorine eradicates the micro-organism from water. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

27.Starting with lead metal, write a procedure on preparation of lead (II) nitrate crystals. (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

12
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)

233/1 - CHEMISTRY- Paper 1

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: ……………

School: ……………………………………………………………………………

Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: …

SERIES 16
Instructions to Candidates

a) Write your name and Admission number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided below each question.
d) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
e) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
For Examiner’s Use Only

Questions Max. Score Candidate’s Score

1 – 27 80

CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For marking schemes and more papers

1
1. State TWO reasons why most apparatus are made of glass (2marks )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. A pipette is used to measure exact volume of liquids. Draw a pipette. (1 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. An atom exists as an isotope X-30, X-29 and X-33 has relative atomic mass of 30.30,
if X-30 is 10% calculate the percentage abundance of the other two isotopes (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. The diagram below shows electrolysis of lead (II) bromide

a) Name electrode B (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2
b) Explain the observation made in electrode X (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. About 40cm3 of oxygen gas were reacted with 100cm3 of hydrogen gas.
(a) Determine the volume of residual gas at 1050C
(3 marks )

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) What volume of oxygen was used during the reaction? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. Ethene gas can be prepared as follows

i) Name solid Q (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Give two functions of solid Q in the process (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Name the following organic compound (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. (a) Define the term fractional crystallisation (1 mark )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3
(b) A salt solution has a mass of 65g containing 5g of solute. The solubility of this salt is
25g per 100g water at 20oC. 60g of the salt are added to the solution at 20oC. Calculate the
mass of the solute that remain undissolved (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. A sample of river water was divided into three portions. The table below shows the test
carried out on the portions and the observations made.
Test Observation Inference
To the first portion, 1 cm3 of soap solution was No lather formed.
added
The second portion was boiled, cooled and 1 No lather formed.
cm3 of soap solution was added.

To the third portion, 3 cm3 of aqueous sodium Lather formed

carbonate was added, the mixture filtered and immediately.
1 cm3 of soap solution added to filtrate

Complete the table by filling in the inferences (3 marks)

9. The following diagram represents extraction of sodium by the Down’s cell

(a) What is the function of heat resistant wall (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4
 (b) Why is the anode made of graphite? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) How are the electrolytic products separated from reacting? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) Explain why it is possible to separate components at the cathode (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Describe how a mixture of sodium chloride and lead chloride can be separated in the
laboratory. (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Study the diagram below and answer the following questions.

(i) Write equation that produce the flame in the experiment. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5
(ii) What is the aim of the experiment? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. Form 2 students arranged the set up below to study some properties of heating Lead(II)
nitrate strongly.

(i) State the observation during the experiment. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Write down a balanced chemical equation for the reaction (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Describe a chemical test for gas F (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Distinguish a dry salt from anhydrous salt. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6
14. 2.56g of hydrocarbon contains carbon to hydrogen in the ratio of 5.1. If the
molecular mass is 128. Calculate the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon (3 marks)
(C=12, H=1)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. Chlorine water is a bleaching agent. Describe the bleaching action of chlorine using
relevant equation. (3marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. During electrolysis of dilute Magnesium Sulphate, using inert electrode. Explain
(i) The effect on concentration of the electrolyte during electrolysis. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) The difference in volume of the gasses produced at each electrode. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. The diagram below shows a ‘jiko’ when in use. Study it and answer the questions that
follow

7
(a)Identify the gas formed at region B (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)Using an equation, explain what happens at region A (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. (a) What is half- life? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) The half-life of protactinium - 234 is 1.17 minutes. Determine the mass that decays
in 5.85 minutes starting with 100 g of the sample. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Given the following substances: sodium carbonate, orange juice and sodium bromide.
(a) Name one commercial indicator that can be used to show whether sodium
carbonate, orange juice and sodium bromide are acidic, basic or neutral. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Classify the substances in 15 (a) above as acids, bases or neutral. (2 marks)

Acid

Base

Neutral

20. A reaction is described as “having reached equilibrium”. What does this statement
mean regarding the amounts of the reactants and products? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8
21. Suggest two ways in which the equilibrium concentration of 𝑆𝑂3(𝑔) can be increased in
a closed container, if the only chemical equilibrium is; (2 marks)

1
𝑆𝑂2(𝑔) + 2 𝑂2(𝑔) 𝑆𝑂3(𝑔) ∆𝐻 = −98.3𝑘𝐽
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. Industrial process of production of 𝑁𝑂(𝑔) is represented by reaction:
𝑁2(𝑔) + 𝑂2(𝑔) 2𝑁𝑂(𝑔)

The reaction is carried out at elevated temperatures to drive the reaction towards
the formation of the product. After sufficient products has formed the reaction
mixture is quickly cooled. Explain. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. The Diagram below may be used to react hydrogen sulphide and Sulphur (IV) oxide.
Study it and answer the questions that follow.

(a) What is observed in the jars? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Write an equation for the reaction. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9
(c) What is the role of Sulphur (IV) oxide in the reaction? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. Element A atomic no. 6 and element B atomic no. 13 react to form a compound.
(i) Using dots () and crosses () show bond formed in the above compound.
(1 mark)

(ii) Explain why the compound above has very high melting point. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Explain how the compound above will conduct electricity. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) The diagram below shows relationship of basic and acidic oxides. In which region will
compound of A and B fall? Explain. (1 mark)

D E F

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. 100cm3 of gas X takes 30 seconds to diffuse through a porous plug, whereas 300cm3
of oxygen gas takes 120 seconds. Calculate the relative molecular mass of gas X (O=16)
(3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10
26. Ammonium nitrate was heated as shown below

a)Identify gas A (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Identify a mistake in the set up and give a reason (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Gas A was passed over heated copper in a combustion tube, state the observation made
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. State Hess’s law (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b). Given the following energies

11
Draw energy circle diagram linking of formation of butane to its heat of combustion and
heat of combustion and heat of combustion of carbon and hydrogen (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Use the energy circle to calculate the heat of formation of butane (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. a)What is a fuel (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State two factors to consider when choosing fuel ( 2 marks )

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

THE END

12
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)

233/1 - CHEMISTRY- Paper 1

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: ……………

School: ……………………………………………………………………………

Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: …

SERIES 17
Instructions to Candidates

a) Write your name and Admission number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided below each question.
d) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
e) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
For Examiner’s Use Only

Questions Max. Score Candidate’s Score

1 – 27 80

CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For marking schemes and more papers

1
 23
1. Draw a labeled diagram showing atomic structure of ( 𝑁𝑎.) 2mks
11
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) The atomic number of phosphorus is 15.Draw a dot (•) and cross(x) diagram for the
compound formed when phosphorus reacts with hydrogen atomic number 1
(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2study the following heat changes and answer questions that follow
NaCl(s) Na+(g)+Cl-(g) ∆ H1 +781kJmol-

Na+(g) Na(aq) ∆H2 -390kJmol-

Cl-(g) Cl-(aq) ∆H3 -384kJmol-

Identify the heat changes (1MK)

H1

H2

b) calculate
the heat of solution of sodium chloride using the above heat changes (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Dry carbon (II) oxide gas reacts with heated lead(II)oxide as shown in the equation below.
2
PbO(s) + CO(g) Pb(s) + CO2(g)

(a) Name the process undergone by the lead(II)oxide. (1mk)

(b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Name another gas that can be used to perform the same function as carbon(II)oxide gas in the
above reaction. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. The following reaction is in equilibrium in a closed container

2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 SO3 (g) ∆H= -Ve

State giving reasons how an increase in temperature would affect the amount of sulphur
(VI) oxide gas. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. The standard electrode potential for elements P, Q, R and S are given below.
Eɵ (volts)
P2+ (aq) + 2e- P(s) -2.40
Q2+ (aq) + 2e- Q(s) -0.80
2R+ (aq) + 2e- R2 (g) 0.00
S2+ (aq) + 2e- S(s) +0.35
½ T2 (aq) + e- T-(aq) +1.40

(a) What is the Eɵ value for the strongest oxidizing agent? (1mk)

(b) Which two of the above elements in an electrochemical cell produce the largest e.m.f . (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3
(c) Calculate the electromotive force of the cell in (b) above. (1mk)

6.(a) What is meant by the term:

Half-life:- (1mk)

b) state one application of radioactivity in medical

c)50g of a radioactive substance was reduced to 6.25g in 36.3years. Calculate the half-life of the
substance. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. The structure below belongs to a member of alkanoic acid.

H O
| ||
H C C O H
|
H

a) Give the name of the Structure. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) What is the total number of electrons used for bonding in a molecule of the structured
Named in (a) (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. The purple color of a solution containing manganese (vii) ions disappears when iron (ii) ions
are added. The ionic equation for the reaction which occurs is;
MnO-4(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) + 8H+(aq) Mn2+ (aq) + 5Fe3+ (aq) + 4H2O (l)
With reasons state which substance is acting as a; (2 mks)
i) Reducing agent.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Oxidizing agent.

4
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9) .3.1g of an organic compound containing carbon ,hydrogen and oxygen only produced 4.4g of carbon(iv)
and 2.0 of water on combustion
a) Calculate its empirical formulae (2mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Calculate its molecular formular if its mass 90. (1mk)

10. Esters, fats and polyesters all contain the ester linkage. The structural formula of the ester is given
below.
H O H H H
H -C–C–O–C–C–C–H
H H H H
Name two chemicals that could be used to make this ester and draw their structural formulae. Show all
bonds.
(2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11.An iron sculpture was produced to commemorate the anniversary of founder of a certain village. To
prevent it from rusting, the village elder attached it by a wire to a block of zinc which was stored
underground out of sight.
(i).Explain how the village elder’s action would prevent the rusting of the sculpture. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii).What name is given to this method of preventing rusting? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii).List down two other ways in which rusting of the statue could be prevented. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12) .50cm3 ammonia gas diffuses through a small orifice in 20 seconds. How long will it take a
similar volume of propane (C3H8) to diffuse through the same orifice under the same conditions
of temperature and pressure? (C=12.0, H =1.0, N=14.0) (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……..………...…………………………………………………………………………………
13.(a) what observations would be made if hydrogen sulphide gas was bubbled through a
solution of Copper (II) sulphate. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place in (a) above. (1mk)

5
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(c).Chlorine reacts with methane as shown below.

CH4(g) + Cl2(g) CH3Cl(g) + HCl(g)
What condition is necessary for this reaction to take place? (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
14.The table below gives some properties of three metals: Aluminium, iron and copper. Use it to
answer the questions that follow.

Metal Density Tensile Strength Electrical conductivity

1010pa
Aluminium 2.70 7.0 0.38
Iron 7.86 21.1 0.10
Copper 8.92 13.0 0.59

Assuming that steel and stainless steel have similar properties to iron.
(a) Why do some stainless steel sauce pans have a copper base? (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Aluminum with a steel core is used for overhead power cables in preference to copper. Why
is a luminium preferred ? (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c).Apart from over head power cables copper is chosen for almost all other electrical uses.
Suggest two reasons for the choice of copper. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. A form four student wanted to determine the solubility of potassium nitrate. He obtained the
following results.

Mass of evaporating dish = 15.13g

Mass of evaporating dish and solution. = 36.51g
Mass of evaporating dish and salt = 19.41g

Use the information above to calculate the solubility of potassium nitrate. (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. The grid below is part of the periodic table. Use it to answer the questions that follow. ( The
letters do not represent the actual symbols of elements.)

6
 R S
N Q T U
P

(a) Indicate in the grid the position of an element represented by letter V, whose atomic number
is 14. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.
(b) Select a letter which represents a monoatomic gas. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) write an equation for the reaction between Q and T (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. The table below shows ammeter readings recorded when two equimolar solutions were tested
separately.

Electrolyte Current (A)

Dilute Sulphuric (VI) Acid 7.2
Ethanoic Acid 4.0

Explain the difference in the ammeter readings. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18.A student set up the apparatus for the preparation of carbon (IV) oxide gas as shown below.
Study the set up and answer the questions that follow.
Dilute sulphuric(iv)acid
X
Gas

Calcium
carbonate
Potassium
7 hydrogen
carbonate
(a) Explain using an equation why the reaction in apparatus Y occurs for a very short time then
stops. (1mk)
(b) What is the purpose of passing the gas through potassium hydrogen carbonate? (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) State and explain why there is no sample of carbon (IV) oxide gas collected. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Describe how a solid of ammonium sulphate can be prepared starting with 100cm3 of 2M
ammonium hydroxide (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. Study the scheme below and answer the questions that follow.

Heat NH3(g)
White solid Colorless gas X White fume Y
Conc. H2SO4

Metal burns in gas V Water

Heat with
Pale green/yellow gas V Solution Z
Solid W

a) Write an equation for the formation of white fumes Y. (1 mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………
b) What is the function of solid W in the reaction? (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Identify gas V. (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. Explain the effect of the following on the rate of reaction in terms of the collisions theory
(3mks)
8
a) Increase in concentration

b) Change in pressure
c) Use of catalyst

22.Explain each of the following observations.

(a).Soft drinks fizz when the cap is removed from the bottle. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b).Diamond does not conduct electricity while graphite does. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c).Pure nitric (V) acid is colourless but during its laboratory preparation, it appears
yellow. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. Polyvinyl/ chloride (PVC) is an example of an addition polymer whose monomer is
Chloroethene.
(a).What is a polymer? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b).What is meant by addition polymerization? (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………

(c). Using 2n molecules draw the structure of PVC. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

24.(a)State BoyleS’s law (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(bA gas occupies 500cm3.at 27ċ and 100,000pa. What will be its volume at 0ċ
and 101325pa (2mks)

9
25. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

Identify (3mks)
Z……………………………………………………………………………………………………

M……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Y…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

26. The diagram below represents pipes used in Frasch pump for the extraction of sulpur

Which substance passes through tube? (3mks)

1…………………………………………………………………………………….
2……………………………………………………………………………………
3…………………………………………………………………………………..
27.In the last stage of the solvay process, a mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate and
ammonium chloride is formed.
(i).State the method of separation used. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii).Write an equation showing how lime is slaked (1mk)

10
……………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii).Name the by- product recycled in the above process. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………
28. In order to prepare hydrogen gas in the laboratory a student set-up the apparatus shown in the
diagram below. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Suggest why the student did not collect hydrogen gas. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) In a separate experiment the student reacted iron and hydrochloric acid to prepare hydrogen
gas.
(i) Write an ionic equation for the reaction. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) The hydrogen gas produced was found to have a foul smell. Suggest an explanation for this.
(1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)

233/1 - CHEMISTRY- Paper 1

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: ……………

School: ……………………………………………………………………………

Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: …

SERIES 18
Instructions to Candidates

a) Write your name and Admission number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided below each question.
d) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
e) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
For Examiner’s Use Only

Questions Max. Score Candidate’s Score

1 – 27 80

CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For marking schemes and more papers

CHEMISTRY 233/1 1 FORM FOUR Turn Over

1. The following is chromatography of certain food coloring’s A, B, C, D and E. Study and answer the
questions that follow.

a (i) What does line T represent (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Mark with a tick the least soluble food coloring (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) What does the chromatogram indicate about food coloring C and E.? (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2a) What is a flame (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Under what condition is non- luminous flame produced. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) State one functional difference between a non –luminous flame and luminous flame (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
3. Complete the table below by selecting the appropriate pH for each substance from pH values 1.0,
4.0, 7.0 and 11. (3mks)
Substance pH
Sodium carbonate
Lemon juice
Sodium chloride

CHEMISTRY 233/1 2 FORM FOUR Turn Over

4 . The structure below represents a portion of an additional polymer.

a) Draw the structure of monomer. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) If the portion of the polymer has a relative molecular mass of 1000, calculate the number of
monomer in the portion. (2mks)

5. You are provided with the following: copper turnings, dilute sulphuric (VI) acid and source of heat .
Describe fully how you would prepare copper (II) sulphate crystals (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The set up below was used to study the reaction between ammonia and air in the absence of a
catalyst

CHEMISTRY 233/1 3 FORM FOUR Turn Over

a) State the observation in the above set up. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) What condition is necessary for ammonia to burn as shown above. (1mk).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Write an equation for the burning of ammonia (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The table below shows properties of chloride of period 3 elements .Study and answer the questions
that follow.
Chloride Mpt(0c) Bpt(0c) Physical state at room
temperature.
Sodium chloride 801 1467 Solid
Magnesium chloride 714 1437 Solid
Aluminium chloride 180 Sublimes Solid
Phosphorus (v) 32 -75 Liquid
chloride
a) Explain why sodium chloride has a high melting point and boiling point while aluminium chloride
sublimes .(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Compare the nature of the solution formed when both magnesium chloride and aluminium chloride
are dissolved in water .Explain. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

CHEMISTRY 233/1 4 FORM FOUR Turn Over

8. When gas A is heated at constant pressure its volume changes as shown in the sketch below.

a) Name the law that gas A obeys. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) A certain mass of a gas has volume of 271cm3 at 310k and 750mmHg pressure. Calculate the
temperature in 00c that the same gas would occupy 283cm3at 750mmHg pressure. (2mks)

9 . Study the set-up of apparatus below and answer the questions that follow.

CHEMISTRY 233/1 5 FORM FOUR Turn Over

a) Write the equation for the reaction that occur in tube V (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State one industrial use of gas W (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Name another metal that can be used in tube V instead of magnesium. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. The following chemical tests were carried out on separate sample of solution labelled A. The
observations made were recorded as shown below.
Test Observation
(i)Addition of sodium hydroxide White precipitate soluble in excess
(ii)Addition of ammonium hydroxide White precipitate insoluble in excess
(iii)Addition of hydrochloric acid Effervescence
(iv)Addition of acidified potassium manganite(vii) Its color remains purple
a) Identify the possible ions present in solution A. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Write the formula of the compound formed in chemical test (i) (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State one application of a complex ion. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Iron objects can corrode when exposed to the atmosphere.
(i) Corrosion involves the oxidation of iron .State what is meant by oxidation. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Painting iron objects prevents corrosion. Explain how painting prevents iron from corrosion. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Corrosion of iron objects can be prevented by painting or electroplating. State another way that can
prevent corrosion. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
CHEMISTRY 233/1 6 FORM FOUR Turn Over
12. Dry ammonia gas was passed through heated oxide of lead of mass 4.78g until there was no further
change .The mass of the residue was found to be 4.14g. Determine the formula of the oxide if its
molecular mass is 239g. (Pb=207, O=16) (3mk)

13. The schematic diagram for the manufacture of sodium carbonate is shown below.

a) Write an equation for the reaction of formation of ammonium chloride and substance A. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State how the following are carried out
(i) Process 1 (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Process 2 (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. The table below shows the solubility of salt X at various temperatures.
Temperature (0c) Solubility(g/ 100g of H2O)
0 36
40 30
80 25
100 22
120 20

CHEMISTRY 233/1 7 FORM FOUR Turn Over

(i) A saturated solution of the salt at 400c was heated at 1000c. State and explain the observation made
(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Calculate the mass of salt formed when a saturated solution of the salt at 00c is heated to 1000c.
(1mk)

15. The figure below shows the apparatus used by students to study the electrolysis of molten lead (ii) iodide.

a) In the diagram label the anode. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) When the switch was on, the bulb did not light. Explain. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) State and explain the observation made at the anode. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. The table below shows information about some hydrocarbons complete the table to show the names
and structures of these hydrocarbons (3mks)
Name Structure

i).........................................................................

CHEMISTRY 233/1 8 FORM FOUR Turn Over

 (ii).......................................................................

(iii) 3- Methylpentane

17. (a) Hydrogen sulphide gas was bubbed into an aqueous solution of iron (ii) chloride. State and
explain the observations made (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Write the equation for the reaction that took place (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Excess magnesium powder was added to 25cm3 of 1M copper (ii) chloride solution. The temperature
of solution increased by 430c.
(Density of solution =1g/cm3, specific heat capacity=4.2 J/g/K)
Determine;
a) The heat of reaction (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) The molar heat of displacement of copper (2mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

CHEMISTRY 233/1 9 FORM FOUR Turn Over

19. The grid below is part of the periodic to table. Use it to answer the question that follow. (The letters
are not the actual symbol of the elements)

P S T W X
M Y
R Z
(a) Draw a dot (·) and cross (x) diagram to show the structure of elements T, (1mk)

b) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when element R in solid form react with an aqueous
solution containing ions of element P (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) J is an element that belongs to the 4th period of the periodic table and reacts by gaining one electron.
Show the position of J in the grid. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. 15.7 g of an organic acid RCOOH was dissolved in 600cm3 of water and more water added to
make one litre of solution. 25.0cm3 of this solution was found to require 21.5cm3 of 0.207 M
potassium hydroxide solution for complete neutralization. (C=12, O=16, H=1)
(i) Determine the formula mass of the acid (3mks)

(ii) Calculate the mass of R (1mk)

21. The set up below shows the apparatus for preparation of nitrogen (i) oxide.

CHEMISTRY 233/1 10 FORM FOUR Turn Over

 (i) Name solid X (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) What precaution is taken when heating solid X (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Nitrogen (i) oxide doesn’t burn but a burning magnesium ribbon continues burning in the gas
.Explain (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow

a) Name substance Y and Z (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Write an equation for the formation of solid X (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State one use of solution C (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. (a) Phosphorous has a melting point of 440c or 5900c . Explain (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Why is phosphorous stored under water (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

CHEMISTRY 233/1 11 FORM FOUR Turn Over

c) Using dot (·) and cross diagrams, draw the structure of aluminium oxide (1mk)

24 . A gold rings contain 3.94g of gold. Calculate the number of gold atoms in the ring. (Avogadro’s
constant = 6.021023, Au = 197) (2mks)

25 . A student accidentally placed a small amount of charcoal in a solution labelled concentrated nitric
(v) acid.
(a) State and explain the observation made (2mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Write the equation for the reaction (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26 (a) Name two reagents that are used to prepare ethyne (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Propanol and butanol are third and fourth members respectively of the same homologous series.
State and explain how their boiling points compare. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27 Using a well labelled diagram show how to prepare and collect dry sulphur (iv) oxide starting with
copper turnings. (2mks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE!

CHEMISTRY 233/1 12 FORM FOUR Turn Over

 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)

233/1 - CHEMISTRY- Paper 1

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: ……………

School: ……………………………………………………………………………

Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: …

SERIES 19
Instructions to Candidates

a) Write your name and Admission number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided below each question.
d) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
e) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
For Examiner’s Use Only

Questions Max. Score Candidate’s Score

1 – 27 80

CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For marking schemes and more papers

Chemistry 233/1 Page 1 of 12

1. Below is a Bunsen burner flame. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

a) How is this type of flame is produced? (1 mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
b) Label on the diagram the least hot part of the flame. (1 mark)
c) Name the gas produced by a burning candle that is a non-pollutant. (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
2. a) A hydrocarbon consists of 92.3% carbon. Its molecular mass is 26. Calculate its molecular
formula. (2 marks)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
b) Draw the structure of the hydrocarbon. (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
3. Hydrogen sulphide gas is slightly soluble in water. The reaction is given by equation below.
H2 S(aq ) H+(aq)+HS-(aq)

State and explain the effect of addition of Potassium hydroxide pellets on the concentration
of hydrogen sulphide. (3 marks)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

Chemistry 233/1 Page 2 of 12

4. In the presence of U.V light, ethane gas undergoes substitution reaction with chlorine.
a) What is meant by the term Substitution reaction? (1 mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
b) Give the structural formula and the name of the organic product formed when equal
volumes of ethane and chlorine react together. (2 marks)

………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
5. The diagram below shows the bonding between aluminium chloride and ammonia.
H Cl

H N Al Cl

H Cl
a) Name the types of bonds that exist in the molecule (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) How many electrons are used for bonding in the molecule? (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State one commercial use of dry ice (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
6. a) Give one advantage of universal indicator over other indicators. (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
b) Describe how a mixture of barium sulphate and lead (II) chloride be separated in to pure
solids. (2 marks)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

Chemistry 233/1 Page 3 of 12

7. Substance Q has a melting point of 15oC and boiling point of 70oC.
a) On the same axes, draw the heating curve for Q if temperature started rising from 0oC.
(2 marks)

b) State the physical state of substance Q at room temperature (room temperature =25oC)
(1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
8. The set-up below is used to investigate the properties of ammonia.

i) On the diagram, indicate what should be done for the reaction at the combustion tube to occur.
(½ mark)
ii) Name another gas that can be used instead of ammonia gas. (½ mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
iii) State and explain what happens to the red litmus paper. (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
iv) Explain the observation made in the combustion tube. (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................

Chemistry 233/1 Page 4 of 12

9. a) What is a binary electrolyte? (½ mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

b) In an experiment, the quantity of electricity passed to deposit 1.2g of metal Q from its salt,
was 3860 coulombs. (RAM of Q=120, 1 faraday = 96500 coulombs)
i) How many faradays of electricity are required to deposit 1mole of Q? (2 marks)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

ii) One of the ions present in the solutions of the salt of Q has the formula Qy+. What is the
numerical value of y? (½ marks)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

10. Study the diagram below which shows an energy level diagram.

Na+(g) + Cl-(g)

ΔH2 = - 680kJmol-1
Enthalpy

ΔH1
Na+(aq) + Cl(aq)

ΔH3 = +20kJmol-1
NaCl(s)

Reaction path

Chemistry 233/1 Page 5 of 12

 i) Name enthalpy (1½ mark)
ΔH1 ………............................................................................................
ΔH2 ………............................................................................................
ΔH3 ………............................................................................................
ii) Calculate the ΔH1 from the energy level diagram (1½ mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
11. Below is a table of 1st ionization energies for elements A, B, C, and D which are metals.

Elements A B C D
Ionization energies kJmol-1 494 418 519 376

a) What is meant by 1st ionization energy? (1 mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
b) With an explanation, arrange the elements in order of increasing reactivities.
(2 marks)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
12. In the manufacture of Sulphuric (VI) acid by contact process Sulphur (IV) oxide is made to
react with air to form Sulphur (VI) oxide as shown: -

2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) ΔH = -196KkJ

(i) Name the catalyst in this reaction (1 mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
(ii) State effect of the following changes on the yield of Sulphur (VI) oxide
I. Increasing the pressure (½ mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
II. Using a catalyst (½ mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Explain why Sulphur (VI) oxide gas is absorbed in concentrated Sulphur (VI) acid before
dilution (1 mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

Chemistry 233/1 Page 6 of 12

13. a) What are isotopes? (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
b) Determine the number of neutrons in 188O (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
c) An isotope of element E has 34 neutrons and its mass number is 64. E forms a cation
with 28 electrons. Write the formula of the cation formed by the element E. (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
14. The standard electrode potentials of four half-reactions are: -

I. Sn2+ (aq) + 2e- → Sn(s) Eθ = -0.14V

II. Fe3+(aq) + e- → Fe2+(aq) Eθ = + 0.77V

III. V2+(aq) + 2e- → V(s) Eθ = -1.20V

IV. Br2(aq) + 2e- → 2Br-(aq) Eθ = + 1.07V

i) Identify the strongest oxidizing agent. (1 mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
ii) Calculate the electrode potential for the electrochemical cell constructed from half-cell III
and IV (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
iii) State two applications of electrolysis (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
15. A sample of river water is suspected to contain magnesium salt. Describe how the presence
of Mg2+ ions can be established. (3 marks)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

Chemistry 233/1 Page 7 of 12

16. The solubility curve of potassium nitrate is shown below.

(a) Determine the solubility of potassium nitrate at 80°C. (1 mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
(b) Determine the molar concentration of saturated potassium nitrate at 50°C. (K = 39.0,
O = 16.0, N = 14.0 and density of water = 1 g/cm3). (2 marks)

………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
17. Galvanization is an example of the efficient methods used in preventing rusting.
a) What is meant by galvanisation? (1 mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

Chemistry 233/1 Page 8 of 12

 b) Other than galvanisation, name 2 methods of preventing rusting. (1 mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
c) State the use of the mixture of hydrazine with oxygen. (1 mark)

………................................................................................................................................................
18. a) Name 2 gases that are collected during fractional distillation when the temperature of
liquefied air is raised from -200℃ to -185℃of the distillation chamber. (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
b) Name 2 gases that are removed at the temperature between 25℃ and -25℃ (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
c) Why is it necessary to remove the gases named in (b) above before the cooling dust free
air to -200℃? (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

19. The structure of protein is shown below. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

a) Draw the structure of the monomer that undergoes polymerization to form protein.
(1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

Chemistry 233/1 Page 9 of 12

 b) Which type of polymerization is the formation of protein? Explain. (2 marks)

………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

20. Study the flow chart below and answer the question that follows.

Identify: (3 marks)
a) Solution K
………................................................................................................................................................
b) Solid L
………................................................................................................................................................
c) Gas M
………................................................................................................................................................
21. 50cm3 of oxygen gas diffused through a porous plug in 80 seconds. How long will it take
100cm3 of Sulphur (IV) oxide to diffuse through the same plug? (S = 32, O = 16). (3 Marks)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

Chemistry 233/1 Page 10 of 12

22. 15.0cm3 of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) was dissolved in water to make 500cm3 of solution.
Calculate the concentration of the solution in moles per litre. (C=12.0; H=1.0; O=16.0;
density of ethanoic acid is 1.05 g/cm3) (3 marks)

………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
23. When excess chloride gas is bubbled through dilute sodium hydroxide solution the resulting
solution acts as a bleaching agent.
a) Write an equation for the reaction between chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide solution.
(1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
b) Explain how the resulting solution acts as a bleaching agent. (2 marks)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
24. Calcium oxide can be used to dry ammonia gas.
a) Explain why calcium oxide is not used to dry hydrogen chloride gas. (2 marks)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
b) Name one drying agent for hydrogen chloride gas. (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
25. a) Explain why it is not advisable to prepare a sample of carbon(IV)oxide using barium
carbonate and dilute Sulphuric(VI) acid. (2 marks)

………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

Chemistry 233/1 Page 11 of 12

 b) State a method that can be used to collect dry carbon(IV)oxide gas. Give a reason.
(1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
26. Study the information in Table 3 and use it to answer the questions that follow.

Elements Na Mg Al Si P S Cl

Atomic Numbers 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Atomic radii(nm) 0.157 0.136 0.125 0.117 0.110 0.104 0.099

(a) Explain the trend in atomic radii from sodium to chlorine. (1 mark)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain how the chloride of aluminium differs from those of other metals in the period.
(2 marks)
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
27. When solid magnesium carbonate was added to a solution of hydrogen chloride in
methylbenzene, there was no apparent reaction. On addition of water to the resulting mixture,
there was vigorous effervescence. Explain these observations (2 marks)

………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................
………................................................................................................................................................

The Last Printed Page

Chemistry 233/1 Page 12 of 12

 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)
NAME………………………………………………………ADM NO………………………………..
CLASS……………………………………………………SIGNATURE…………………………
SCHOOL……………………......................................…DATE………………………
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1

TIME: 2 HOURS

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

SERIES 20

CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For marking schemes and more papers
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)

233/1 - CHEMISTRY- Paper 1

SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES

Name: ………………………………………….….…… Index No: ……………

School: ……………………………………………………………………………

Stream: ………………Candidate’s Signature: ………..……….... Date: …

PREDICTION 21
Instructions to Candidates

a) Write your name and Admission number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided below each question.
d) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
e) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
For Examiner’s Use Only

Questions Max. Score Candidate’s Score

1 – 28 80

CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For marking schemes and more papers

Page 1 of 11
 1. a) Name another gas, which is used together with oxygen in welding. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b). Explain the change in mass that occurs when the following substances are separately heated
in open crucibles.
(i) Copper metal. (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Copper (II) nitrate. (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Aluminum metal is a good conductor and is used for overhead cables. State any other two
properties that make aluminum suitable for this use. (2marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Give two reasons why helium is used in weather balloons. (2marks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Draw two positional isomers of the third member of alkyne series. (3marks)

5.The apparatus shown below was used to investigate the effect of carbon (ii) oxide on copper
(II) oxide.

Page 2 of 11
a) State the observation that was made in the combustion tube at the end of the experiment.
(1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Write an equation for the reaction that took place in the combustion tube (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
C) Why is it necessary to burn the gas coming out of tube K? (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6.Give a reason why
(i) Phosphorus is stored under water. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..

ii) Chlorine gas is prepared in the fume chamber. (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii) Concentrated sulphuric acid is not used to dry ammonia gas. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. A certain matchstick head contains potassium chlorate and Sulphur. On striking, the two
substances react to produce Sulphur (iv) oxide and potassium chloride. State the environmental
effect of using such matches in large numbers. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. When a sample of concentrated sulphuric acid was left in an open beaker in a room for two
days, the volume was found to have increased slightly.
a) What property of concentrated sulphuric acid was being investigated. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) State one use of concentrated sulphuric acid that depends on the property named above.
(1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The following two tests were carried out on chlorine water contained in two test tubes
a) A piece of colored flower was dropped into the first – tube. Explain why the flower was bleached
(2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) The second test- tube was corked and exposed to sunlight after a few days, it was found to
contain a gas that rekindled a glowing splint. Write an equation for the reaction which produced
the gas. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. In the Haber process, the optimum yield of ammonia is obtained when a temperature of
4500C, a pressure of 200 atmospheres and iron catalysts are used

Page 3 of 11
 N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g); ∆H = -92kJ.
a) How would the yield of ammonia be affected if the temperature was raised to 6000C?
Explain. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Give two use of ammonia. (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

11. The set – up below was used to prepare hydrogen chloride gas and react it with iron
powder. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

At the end of the reaction, the iron powder turned into a light green solid.
a) Identify the light green solid. (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) At the beginning of the experiment, the pH of the solution in container L was about 14. At
the end, the pH was found to be 2. Explain. (2marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Below is part of the Thorium decay series.

(i) Write an overall nuclear equation for the conversion of Th-232 to Ra-224. (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 4 of 11
(ii) Give any two uses of radio isotopes in medicine. (2marks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. The flow chart below shows a series of reactions starting with ethanol , Study it and answer
the questions that follow.

i) Name:
I. Process A……………………………………………………… (1mark)

II. Substances B and C

B...................................................................................................... (½mark)

C…………………………………………………………………… (½mark)
ii) Write the equation for the reaction leading to formation of methane. (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

Page 5 of 11
a) State the condition necessary for the reaction in step 2 to occur (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name gases D and F: (1mark)
i) Gas D…………………………………………………
Gas F …………………………………………………..
ii) State one use of zinc metal. (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. The reaction between a piece of magnesium ribbon with excess 2M hydrochloric acid was
investigated at 25oC by measuring the volume of hydrogen gas produced as the reaction
progressed. The sketch below represents the graph that was obtained.

a) Explain the shape of the curve between B and C. (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

b) Suggest another parameter that can be used to determine the rate of the above reaction
(1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
c) On the same diagram, sketch the curve that would be obtained if the experiment is repeated
using powdered magnesium metal. (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Zinc oxide reacts with acids and alkalis.

Page 6 of 11
a) Write the equation for the reaction between zinc oxide and:
i) Dilute sulphuric acid (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Sodium hydroxide solution (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
..
b) What property of zinc oxide is shown by the reactions in (a) above? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. 0.84 g of aluminum reacted completely with chlorine gas. Calculate the volume of chlorine
gas used (Molar gas volume is 24dm3, al = 27). (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Proper use of soaps in washing hands has proven to control the spread of corona novel virus.
a) Write the formula of the grey insoluble substance left in the washing basin when one uses
soap with tap water given that the formula of the soap is C17H35COONa. (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State two advantages of Soapy detergents over soapless detergents. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. a) Use the information given below to draw a labeled diagram of an electrochemical cell
that can be constructed to measure the electromotive force between G and J.
G2+(aq) + 2e → G(s) ; E = - 0.74 V
J2+(aq)+ 2e → J(s); E = -0.14 V (2marks)

b) Calculate the E value for the cell constructed in (a) above. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. a) Sate Le’ Chetelier’s principle. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Study the following equilibrium reaction and answer the questions that follow: -
HL(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) L-(aq)
Blue
Red +
Given that in an acid solution, H3O (aq) act in place of hydrogen ions, H+, according to the
equation.
Page 7 of 11
 H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq) 2H2O(l)
Explain what would be observed when potassium hydroxide solution is added to the above
equilibrium mixture. (2marks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

21. The table below gives information on four elements K, L, M and N. Study it and answer
the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.

Element Electron Atomic radius Ionic

arrangement (nm) radius(nm)
K 2, 8, 2 0.136 0.065
L 2, 8, 7 0.099 0.181
M 2, 8, 8, 1 0.203 0.133
N 2, 8, 8, 2 0.174 0.099

a) Which two elements have similar chemical properties? Explain. (2marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Which element is a non-metal? Explain. (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
22.In an experiment to determine the heat of combustion of methanol, a student used the set-up
below.

Volume of water = 500cm3

Final temperature of water= 27.00C
Initial temperature of water = 20.00C
Final mass of lamp + methanol = 22.11g
Initial mass of lamp+ methanol= 22.98g
Density of water = 1.0g/cm3
Specific heat capacity = 4.2kJ/g/k

Page 8 of 11
Calculate:
(i)The number of moles of methanol used in this experiment given that the R.F.M is 32.
(1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) The heat of combustion per mole of methanol. (2mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

23. Using dots (.) and crosses (x) to represent outermost electrons, draw diagrams to show the
bonding in, CO2 and H3O+. (Atomic numbers; H = 1.0,C= 14.0, O = 8)
i) CO2. (1mark)

ii) H3O+ (2marks)

24. The diagram below shows a set- up that was used to prepare and collect a sample of nitric
(v) acid

HEAT

a)Give a reason why it is possible to generate nitric (v) acid from sulphuric(vi) acid in the set –
up. (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) Name another substance that can be used instead of potassium nitrate. (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Give two use of nitric (v) acid. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 9 of 11
………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. When a hydrocarbon was completely burnt in oxygen, 4.2g of carbon (IV) oxide and 1.71 g
of water were formed. Determine the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon
(H= 1.0 ; C=12.0 ; 0 = 16.0). (3marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26 Starting with 50 cm3 of 2.8M sodium hydroxide describe how a sample of pure sodium
sulphate crystals can be prepared. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. The graph below shows the behavior of a fixed mass of a gas at constant temperature.

a) What is the relationship between the volume and the pressure of the gas? (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Three litres of oxygen gas at one atmosphere pressure were compressed to two
Atmospheres at constant temperature. Calculate the volume occupied by the oxygen gas.
(2marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…

Page 10 of 11
28. Explain the following observations
i) Very little amount of hydrogen gas is collected when dilute sulphuric acid react with calcium
metal. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii) When hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water, the solution turns blue litmus paper to red,
while when hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in methyl benzene; the resulting solution has no
effect on the blue litmus paper. (2marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

Page 11 of 11
 GOLDLITE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)
SMARTFOCUS KCSE QUICK REVISION SERIES EXAMS
233/1 – CHEMISTRY – Paper 1
2 hours
Name………………………………Adm No………
Class…… …. Date…………………………
SERIES 22

Instructions to candidates

a) Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided on the question paper
d) Non-programmable silent calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may be used
e) All working must be clearly shown where necessary
f) This paper consists of 18 printed pages
g) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing.
h) Candidates should answer the questions in English
For examiner’s use only
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Grand Total

CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For marking schemes and more papers

1
1. Give the use of the following apparatus (2mks)
a) Crucible…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Separating funnel
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Describe how you can separate a mixture of sodium chloride and sand (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The relative atomic mass of magnesium is 24.3 .Given that the mass number of the three
isotopes of magnesium are 24, 25 and 26 . What is the mass number of the most abundant
isotope of magnesium? Explain. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

2 CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For marking schemes and more papers
 4. The set – up below was used to obtain a sample of iron metal.

a) Write two equations for the reactions which occur in the combustion tube. (2 mks)
Equation
1..........................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

Equation
2..............................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................

b) Name the gas collected in the gas jar.

...……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………….. ………………………………………….(1 mark)
c) Give one use of carbon (II) oxide that is also a use of hydrogen. (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. Vulcanisation a form two student was given solutions P,Q and R in three different beakers .
She put in red and blue litmus papers and recorded the results shown

Solution P Q R
Effect on Changes to Remains Remains
blue litmus red blue blue
paper
Effect on Remains red Remains red Changes to
red litmus blue
paper

3 CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For marking schemes and more papers
 Which solution was likely to be ;
a) Distilled water
(1mk)……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..

b) Of an oxide of sodium . Explain your answer (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Describe how pure copper (II) carbonate can be prepared using the following reagents
(3marks)

-distilled water
-sodium carbonate crystals
-dilute sulphuric (VI) acid
-copper metal
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

4 CONTACT US ON: 0724351706/0726960003

EMAIL: goldlitepublishers@gmail.com
For marking schemes and more papers
 7. The grid below represents part of the periodic table. The letters are not the actual
symbols of the elements .Study it and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Identify the element that gains electrons most readily. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Which of the metals is most reactive? Explain (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Explain why the atomic radius of Q is larger than that of M (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Give the name of each of the processes described below which takes place when salts are
exposed to air for sometime:- (2mks)
i) Magnesium chloride forms an aqueous solution
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) Fresh crystals of sodium carbonate, Na 2CO3.10H2O become covered with white
powder of formula Na2CO3.H2O
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. A gas occupies a volume of 40 litres at s.t.p. At what pressure will its volume be doubled
if the temperature rises to 105 0C? (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

5
 10. The diagram below shows the apparatus used for the electrolysis of molten sodium
bromide.

a) What does the term electrolysis mean? (1 mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Which letter R, S, T or U on the diagram represents the cathode? (1/2 mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) State the observation made at the anode. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) i)Which condition is missing in the set-up?

………………………………………………………… (1/2mk)
ii) Write the half equation for the reaction at the Cathode (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. The diagram below shows the catalytic oxidation of ammonia gas. Use it to answer the

questions that follow:-

6
 (a) What metal could rod M be made of? (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) State and explain two observations made inside the conical flask (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. Study the flow charts below and use them to answer the questions that follow:

NH3(aq) in excess White precipitate A

Solution A

H2SO4(aq) White precipitate

NH3(aq) in excess
Solution B White precipitate B

H2SO4(aq)
No White precipitate

(a) Identify possible cations present in: (2mks)

(i) Solution A
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Solution B
……………………………………………………………………………………………

7
(b) State and explain the observation made when a sample of dry white precipitate B is

heated in a test-tube (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. When Magnesium is reacted with steam, it reacts rapidly forming a white solid and
Hydrogen gas.

a).When copper turnings were used instead of magnesium ribbon. Hydrogen gas was not
produced. Explain (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) What property of Hydrogen gas makes it be collected as shown above (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………..
c).How would you show that the gas collected is hydrogen gas. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8
14. Hydrogen chloride gas was passed into water as shown below:

Dry hydrogen chloride

gas

Inverted funnel

Water

(a) When a blue litmus paper was dropped into the resulting solution, it turned red. Give a reason
for this observation (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) What is the function of the funnel? (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. Define the following terms (2mks)

a) Melting point

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) Isomer

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9
16. A form four student wanted to determine the solubility of potassium nitrate. She obtained the
following results at 25oC.

Mass of evaporating dish =15.13g

Mass of evaporating dish and solution =36.51g
Mass of evaporating dish and salt =19.41
Use the information above to calculate the solubility of potassium nitrate (3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. An element K forms an ion K3+ This ion has 10 electrons . State the group and period to
whick K belongs. (2mks)

i) Group
………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Period
………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Using dots and crosses draw the structure of the compound formed when K reacts
with oxygen (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

18a) Explain why aluminium is a better conductor of electricity than magnesium (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

10
 b)Give one use of magnesium metal(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. Give the change in mass that occur when the following substances are separately heated
in air (2mks)

i) Magnesium
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Anhydrous Sodium carbonate
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
20) Excess carbon (II) oxide was passed over a heated sample of an oxide of iron. The
following data was collected .

Mass of empty crucible =10.98g

Mass of empty crucible + oxide of iron = 13.30g

Mass of crucible + residue = 12.66g

Determine the :-

i) The mass of iron (1/2mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Mass of oxygen (1/2mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

11
 iii) The empirical formula of the oxide of iron (Fe=56, O=16) (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
21) Calculate the volume of 0.05M sodium hydroxide which completely neutralizes 25cm 3 of
0.1M sulphuric (VI) acid (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

22a) State one difference between nuclear reaction and a chemical reaction (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Complete the following nuclear equation (1/2mk)

55 55
Cr Mn + ____________
24 25
24 25

(c) 100g of a radioactive substance was reduced to 12.5g within 15.6 years. Determine
the half-life of the substance (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12
 23.The diagram below shows Down’s cell used to extract sodium metal.

a) Anode is made of graphite instead of steel. Give a reason. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…… ………………………………………………………………………………….
b) What is the function of steel gauze? (1/2mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

24a) State Gay –Lussac’s law (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

b)In a reaction to prepare ammonia gas. 15 litres of hydrogen gas were reacted with 10 litres of
nitrogen gas . Determine the volume of gas not completely used in the reaction (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

13
25) Use the following bond energies to determine whether the reaction below is exothermic or
endothermic (2mks)

H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g)

Bond Energy in Kjmole-1

H-H 436
Cl –Cl 244
H – Cl 432

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

26)The following are formulae of organic compounds .use the formulae to answer the questions
that follow.

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

CH3CH2COOH

CH3CH2CH3

CH3CCCH3

a) Select :
i) Two compounds which when reacted together produce a sweet smelling compound (1mk

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) An unsaturated hydrocarbon (1/2mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Name the compound selected in (a) (ii) (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14
27. One of the allotropes of Sulphur is rhombic Sulphur.

a) Name the other allotrope of Sulphur. (1/2mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Draw a diagram to show the shape of the allotrope named in (a) above (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Write an equation for the reaction between concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid and sulphur
(1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

28. When ethene gas is compressed at a high temperature, a solid is formed.

a) Give the name of the solid (1/2mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Explain why is not advisable to allow the solid to accumulate in the environment (1mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15
29. The set-up below was used by a form one student to determine the percentage of active air.
Study it and answer the questions that follow.

White
Wire phosphorous

Measuring
cylinder

Beginning of the Expt End of Expt

a) What is observed when white phosphorus is exposed to air? (1/2mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Calculate the percentage volume of air used up in the above experiment (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

c)How is phosphorus stored in the laboratory (1/2mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d)Why was the volume above the expected normal volume of active air (1/2mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

30. In an experiment 50cm 3 of 0.1M sodium hydroxide solution was placed in a suitable
apparatus and 5.0cm3 portions of hydrochloric acid were added. The resulting mixture was
stirred with a thermometer and the temperature taken after each addition. Both solutions were
initially at 20oC.

16
Volume of 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
3
HCl (cm )
Temperature 20.0 21.5 22.5 24.0 25.5 26.0 27.0 27.5 27.5 27.0
(oC)
a)(i) Plot a graph of temperature against volume of the acid added (3mks)

17
 (ii) Use the graph to determine the concentration in moles per litre of hydrochloric acid
(2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Calculate the enthalpy of neutralisation of the alkali with hydrochloric acid .(Specific heat
capacity of mixture = 4.2kJkg -1k-1 and density of solution is 1.0g/cm3 (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c)Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction (1mk)

Energy content

kJ

Reaction progress

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

18